Names of projects about parsley doll. Puppet theater
Doll “Petrushka” based on a modern household form.
Do-it-yourself glove theater puppet. Master class with step-by-step photos
Yumasheva Antonina Mikhailovna, teacher of MBDOU kindergarten No. 5 of general developmental type, Rasskazovo, Tambov region.
Description: The master class is intended for children of senior preschool age, children of primary school age, preschool teachers, as well as lovers of home theater with children. It will be useful for those who love do-it-yourself crafts from waste material, household molds, and for those who want to give a used item second life.
Purpose: Craft, gift, doll for a puppet theater with your own hands, souvenir.
Target: Creating an original doll for the theater with your own hands based on modern household packaging materials.
Tasks:
Educational:
1. Introduce the history of the appearance of the Parsley doll;
2.Teach to see an artistic image in ordinary forms;
3. Teach how to use a do-it-yourself theater puppet.
Educational:
1. Foster a caring attitude towards Russian traditions and the historically established respect of the Russian people for the theater;
2. Cultivate respect for one’s own work;
3. Cultivate perseverance, the ability to finish what you start.
Educational:
1.Promote the development of imagination, fantasy and creativity;
2.Develop manual skills, fine motor skills of hands and fingers, and eye.
Safety precautions for children of senior preschool and primary school age when working with scissors:
1. Maintain order in the workplace, do not stuff scissors with paper or other materials.
2.Be attentive while working, do not get distracted and do not distract others.
3. While working, the scissors are on the right with the rings facing you.
4.The blades of the scissors must be closed when not in use.
5.The blades of the scissors must be sharp.
6. Scissors should be passed only rings forward with blades closed.
7. You cannot hold the scissors with the ends up.
8.When working with scissors, you must pay attention to the direction of cutting and the fingers of your left hand that support the material.
9. You cannot cut while moving, turn, or bend towards the floor.
10. Scissors should only be used while sitting at a table.
11.The scissors are put back in their place every time after work.
Safety precautions for children of senior preschool and primary school age when working with needles and pins:
1. Place the needle on the magnet and the needle bar on the table to the right, with the sharp end facing away from you.
2.Pass sharp objects with the sharp end away from you.
3.When working with a needle, use a thimble or a magnet.
4.Do not stick needles or pins into clothing or random objects.
5.The broken needle should be given to the teacher,
6. Do not put needles, threads, buttons or other objects in your mouth.
7. It is advisable that the needle always have a thread with a knot tied at the end.
8. Every time after work, sharp objects are put back in their place.
Materials for making dolls by children of senior preschool age independently using plasticine:
1.Shape – a container from a Kinder surprise with a finger hole cut out on one side for adults.
2. A piece of yellow plasticine.
3. A little plasticine in white, black, pink, orange.
4. Finished shirt made of fabric measuring 11x16 cm.
5. Ready-made cardboard cap.
Additional materials and tools for the master class for making dolls for children of primary school age and adults from fabric and yarn:
6.Shape – a Kinder surprise container with a hole cut out for a finger on one side.
7.Yellow yarn.
8. Fabric for a shirt.
9. Fabric for the cap.
10. Fabric for the backing - a circle equal to the diameter of the Kinder-surprise container
11.Plasticine
12.Needle and thread on a magnet.
13. Scissors.
14.Sandpaper.
The story of the birth of Parsley, the people themselves spoke through his lips!
Oddly enough, Petrushka is not a native Russian puppet theater character. Its prototypes can be found in different countries. In Italy - this is Pulcinella, in Germany - Kasper, or Gansvut, in France - Polichinelle, in England - Mr. Punch, and in Turkey - Karagöz, in Hungary - the knight Laszlo, in India - Vidushaka. All of them are theatrical dolls - marionettes and are controlled using threads. The only analogue of Petrushka in terms of driving technique is the Guignol glove doll, which appeared in Lyon at the beginning of the 19th century. Traditionally, Parsley is a glove doll.
The famous Russian writer Maxim Gorky, characterizing the image of Parsley, wrote the following: “... a figure was created... known to all peoples... This is the invincible hero of the folk puppet comedy, he defeats everyone and everything: the police, the priests, even the devil and death, but he himself remains immortal. In a crude and naive image, the working people embodied themselves and their belief that, in the end, it is they who will overcome everything and everyone.”
Petrushka's clothes, therefore foreign: a red cap with a tassel, the same red shirt, a cloak and canvas pants.
And the appearance of the doll cannot be called Slavic. She is by no means Russian: he has exaggeratedly large hands and head, exaggerated facial features, it itself is carved from wood and treated with a special plant liquid, which makes it look darker. Large almond-shaped eyes and a huge nose with a hump, completely white eyeballs and a dark iris, due to which Parsley’s eyes appear black. He inherited Parsley's appearance from the Italian Pulcinella. Many people mistakenly believe that a wide-open mouth is Parsley’s smile, but this is not so; being a negative character, Petrushka constantly stretches his lips in a grin. He has four fingers on his hands (a possible symbol that Petrushka is not a person, but some character from another world).
Parsley as a folklore character, an indispensable participant in street performances. Only men (“parsleymen”) could “drive” it. The doll acquired its voice with the help of a special device - a “peeper” or “talker”. Petrushka also has a full name - Petr Ivanovich Uksusov. He was also called “Samovarov” or “Vanka Ratatouille”. Bold statements, vulgar jokes, witty remarks - Petrushka got away with everything, because he is a doll, and what can he take from it? The people themselves spoke through his lips, criticizing and showing dissatisfaction with the authorities or the clergy. There are quite a lot of stories about the adventures of Parsley. There were main plots: Parsley's treatment, soldier training, the scene with the bride, buying a horse and testing it. The stories were passed from actor to actor, by word of mouth. Not a single character in the Russian theater had the popularity equal to Petrushka.
At the puppet Parsley there is a real prototype. This is considered to be the favorite jester of Empress Anna Ioannovna Pietro Mira Pedrillo. He was the son of an Italian sculptor, and came to Russia, to the court of the ruler as a musician. His wit helped him get closer to the empress's entourage and then become a court jester. He had many nicknames: “Adamka”, “Antonio”, and finally, “Petrushka”. The last name became entrenched in all puppet shows.
Over time, Parsley stopped being just a street performer. He is increasingly invited to manor houses, where our hero loses his edge. He no longer kills, but only disperses his enemies. His speech ceases to be common people, because the “parsley man” is now not a street actor, but a salon actor. The stage is decorated with lush draperies, and the participants themselves dress in satin and shiny tinsel, which turns the performance into a formal, theatrical one. Parsley becomes a participant in children's matinees, thereby turning into a children's character.
Hello kids
Girls and boys!
I'm wearing a beautiful cap
With a rattle in hand.
I'm a fun toy
And my name is...Petrushka.
During Soviet times the doll leaves the stage and becomes the hero of literary plays. Now Petrushka campaigns for sanitary hygiene or participates in the collection of waste materials. The only thing left from the old Petrushka is accusation.
Reanimate the image of Parsley Samuil Marshak took over. In 1922, the puppet comedy “Petrushka” appeared in his collection of plays, and five years later the play “Petrushka the Foreigner” was published. Although Marshak finally cemented the image of Petrushka as a child’s one, he restored the tradition of the doll getting into ridiculous stories.
Ballet "Petrushka" sometimes identified with the emblem of the Russian seasons, and for its creators it became a kind of historical milestone. Probably, in the ballet “Petrushka” the tragic image of the doll was fully revealed. The plot is reminiscent of the past adventures of the street Parsley. In the ballet, for the first time, the line of Petrushka’s dependence on his creator, the Magician, appears. The doll rebels against him. Parsley no longer turns to the public for help, but is reborn in the role of an avenger. Resurrected, he shakes his fist at the Magician and lets out a mocking cry.
The eternal loser Petrushka, as always, will defend his rights and prove that a human heart beats in the chest of a pathetic doll, a homely jester.
Ways to control the glove puppet Parsley.
The index finger enters the doll's head, the thumb and middle finger enter the sleeves of the suit, the little and ring fingers bend toward the palm.
An image of a doll that restricts the actor’s hand movements less than the previous one, since the ring finger bends toward the palm along with the middle finger.
And so let's begin our master class on making a Parsley doll
1. To make a doll in a Kinder surprise container mold (hereinafter referred to as the mold), you need to make a hole for the index finger. The hole must be made by an adult for safety reasons. The hole is small, the shape is smooth and the knife can slip off!
The hole must be cleaned with sandpaper to remove burrs.
And so the form with a hole for the finger is ready. A shirt made of fabric, a cap made of cardboard - pre-made by children using manual labor, sewed the shirt and glued the cap according to the patterns, you can start!
2. Divide a piece of yellow plasticine in half and, kneading it, roll one part into a plate - this is the doll’s future hair. Children use the remaining part for bangs and at their own discretion. Let's roll two white balls and two black ones - these are the doll's eyes. For the nose, you can combine two colors – orange and yellow – to bring it closer to the color of the shape. Make the mouth out of red plasticine.
The advantages of using plasticine extensively in a doll are that all the parts fit together easily and the created heaviness helps the child manipulate the doll.
She behaves well even in dancing.
3. Everything is ready to decorate the doll’s head, you can connect everything, as shown in the figure, in which I connected all the stages of execution using a slide in Microsoft Office, the stages are not complicated, but together they are perceived better for quickly and successfully connecting the parts.
4. The shirt is traditionally red, but here it is not red, so that later in the master class the dolls will be different.
5. And now Parsley is ready!
Next, I propose to make a Parsley doll with yarn hair,
Such a doll is more attractive, durable and easy to store; it can be used for games, like the Presenter at performances and matinees.
1. For the hair, take the yarn and wind it around the backing, tie it with the same yarn, cut it in the direction of the arrows, as shown in the picture I made in the Drawing editor. You will get hair with bangs.
2. The picture shows how to cut and sew the shirt and cap. A backing circle will be needed to attach the hair and cap to the form.
3. Take a shape with a hole cut out on one side and glue a circle on the other side. This circle will allow us to sew hair and a cap to the form.
It is advisable to glue the circle in the same color as the hair; here I used contrast only for better demonstration.
4. We place the finished hair on a circle, place it so that the bangs are on the front of the doll’s face, spreading the hair apart, sew along the entire length of the circle’s circumference.
5. And now our perky, mischievous Parsley is ready! You can play with him!
Ivanov Vyacheslav
Download:
Preview:
Omsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Regional public organization "Omsk Council of Rectors"
Omsk regional branch of the All-Russian public organization
"Russian Geographical Society"
Children's regional public organization
"Scientific Society of Students "Search"
Municipal educational budgetary institution
Tyukalinsky municipal district of Omsk region
"House of Children's Creativity"
XLVII
Interregional scientific and practical conference
schoolchildren and students
Topic: “Folk puppet hero Parsley”
Educational and research work
Scientific direction: literary creativity, grades 5-8
Completed:
pupil
MOBU DOD "Children's Home"
Creativity"
Ivanov Vyacheslav Sergeevich
Scientific supervisor:
MOBU DOD "Children's Home"
Creativity"
Migunova Elena Alexandrovna
Omsk - 2015
Introduction p. 3
I. Preparatory part
- Puppet theater s. 4-5
- Types of dolls p. 6
- How did dolls-actors originate? 7
- Folk puppet hero Parsley p. 8-10
II. Practical part
- Repertoire of Petrushka p. 11-12
- My repertoire p. 13
III. Conclusion p. 14
IV. List of used literature and Internet resources p. 15
V. Appendix p. 16-21
Introduction
Adults often recall the indelible impression the theater made on them in childhood.
Very often, the first theater of every child becomes a puppet theater. Where toys come to life, turning into fairy tales, has a great emotional impact on us - children. Puppet theater, personifying kindness, magic gives a real idea of “what is good and what is bad.” The variety of forms of performances is determined by the difference in types of dolls, for example, the glove puppet “Petrushka” brings great joy not only to the audience, but also to the actor himself who leads it. It was this doll that interested me, which is the relevance of my project. Since Parsley is a folk hero, I named my project: “People's puppet hero Parsley.”
Target: create a collection of theatrical miniatures for younger audiences using the folk doll Parsley.
Tasks:
Study the necessary literature and Internet resources on this topic;
Select a repertoire for productions;
Conduct a series of rehearsals and perform in front of the audience.
Object: Parsley doll
Item : artistic image of Parsley.
Hypothesis: I think that Petrushka is a surprisingly interesting character.
- Preparatory part
- Puppet theater
What is a puppet theater?
The encyclopedic dictionary states: “puppet theater is a special type of theatrical performance in which puppets (volumetric and flat) act, driven by actors-puppeteers, most often hidden from the audience (by a screen). Sometimes in a puppet theater the actor becomes a conventional object (a flower, a ball), depicting a living creature and also set in motion by actors-puppeteers...” [Theater Encyclopedia: 6 volumes. – M.]
The power of a theatrical puppet is that it is not alive. If a person on stage sits down in a chair, yawns or blinks, the audience may not notice. If the doll does the same, the audience will burst into laughter, because at that moment the doll is making fun of people who do not know how to behave. This means that the doll helps people to know themselves better, to look at themselves as if from the outside. A doll is a generalized image of a living creature: a person, a deer, a dove. The revival of a doll, its transformation from inanimate, motionless to living, moving, seems like a miracle to spectators, both small and adult. Dolls can bring laughter and tears, they can be beautiful and ugly. A doll can be gentle and trusting or evil and insidious. Thanks to the fabulousness in the puppet theater, it is possible to create such performances that cannot be staged in other theaters.
Puppet theater already existed in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. During special holidays, there were performances with the participation of puppets. The “performance” took place on chariots. A cart with actors drove up to the audience. Holding the dolls in their hands, they played the first scene and rode on, the next chariot continuing the action.
In ancient Rome, there were processions with giant mechanical dolls. Such dolls instilled fear in the audience or amused them.
The Vietnamese water puppet theater is unusual and unique in the world. In such a theater, actors control puppets while underwater and breathing through special reed tubes.
- Types of dolls
At first glance, all the dolls seem the same, but they are all different. The main difference is in their structure.
The simplest are glove puppets. This is the well-known Parsley, various bunnies, bears, dogs, that is, all those dolls that are put on the hand, on three fingers. One finger is inserted into the doll's head, two more into the sleeves of the suit, that is, into the doll's hands.
Cane dolls are controlled by special wires or cane sticks, which can be disguised in the dolls' clothes. The doll's head is mounted on a special rod - gapit; shoulders and arms are attached to it. The size of the cane doll is larger than the glove doll. In its proportions it resembles a person. The cane puppet is the most common in the puppet theater.
The most difficult doll to make and control is the marionette. It is controlled by threads or thin wires. In the actor’s hand there is a vaga (a movable cross-shaped holder). It contains threads that go to various parts of the doll’s body. The actor alternately pulls the strings and the doll comes to life.
Mechanical dolls are also used in the puppet theater. They are controlled using various mechanisms: levers, rubber bands. This is how galloping horses and marching soldiers are made.
There are dolls made of soft materials: tricotine, rubber. The actor's fingers are in the doll's head, contracting or straightening, they give the doll's face different expressions. These are mime dolls.
A shadow puppet is a flat image of a person or animal that casts a shadow on the screen, which is the stage of a shadow theater.
1.3. How did dolls - actors originate?
Parsley, Polichinelle, Punch, Pulcinella are the heroes of folk puppet shows, which were very common in the 15th and 16th centuries in different countries.
The ancestor of the heroes of folk puppet theater in Europe is Pulcinella.
Pulcinella – Italian, doll in a black mask. Pulcinella cannot take off the mask, because it is not made of cloth or paper - just part of his face is painted over with black paint. Pulcinella is both fun and scary to watch - the black mask gives him something mysterious.
Polichinelle - hero of the French folk theater. at the beginning of his life he was a “thread” doll, controlled by twelve threads. Lead was attached to the soles of Polichinelle's feet for stability. He could walk and dance, and once he even performed in the palace in front of the king.
However, over time, Polichinelle’s device underwent changes: the threads were removed, a caftan was sewn for him, into which the fingers of his right hand could be inserted - he became a glove puppet.
Punch - a good-natured fat man, a hero of the English theater. He's always cheerful. Punch's owner, jovial John, was a traveling actor. He did not walk, but rode in a van, which could accommodate people, dolls, a table, and chairs.
Parsley - the cheerful little man amused people at fairs, booths or just on the street.
Puppeteer actors never portray their characters as bold and fearless. Very often, doll people are endowed with everyday shortcomings, even vices.
1.4. Folk puppet hero – Parsley
Parsley, the hero of the Russian folk puppet theater, was popular with both adults and children. Depicted in a red shirt, canvas pants and a pointed cap with a tassel; Traditionally, Parsley is a glove doll. “Petrushka”, the nickname of a farce doll, a Russian jester, a jokester, a wit in a red caftan and a red cap.
In the era of Peter I, fairs (fairs) were held in Russian cities before major holidays. People's entertainers flocked to the fairs. They built taverns, carousels, swings, circus and theater booths, and later stages. The fairground became a place for various mass entertainments and amusements.
Parsley performances were especially popular at fairs and folk festivals. They were a form of urban spectacular folklore.
I asked my grandparents: have they seen or heard from their grandmothers about fair performances? Which of my peers knows who Petrushka is? (Appendix 1) Grandparents said that such fair performances took place often and there was always a puppet theater on the square. And my peers know that Petrushka is a puppet theater hero, but they know little about his repertoire and appearance.
Petrushka's appearance is by no means Russian: he has large hands and head, it is treated with a special plant liquid, which makes it look darker; large almond-shaped eyes and a huge nose with a hump, completely white eyeballs and a dark iris, due to which Petrushka’s eyes appear black, a huge nose, a hump or two humps - in front and behind, a protruding chin, a stupid cap on his head, etc.
Petrushka was dressed in a red shirt or red caftan, his trousers tucked into patent leather boots. Sometimes he was dressed in the style of a harlequin (clothing made of colored scraps) or a clown (collar with bells, etc.).
Parsley has a silver voice and is called a pishik. To get such a voice, you need to take a silver ten-kopeck piece and flatten it with a hammer into a thin, thin plate. The plate is bent in half so that a small crack remains in it, and a piece of material is placed inside. The parsley actor put it in his mouth, where the tongue begins, and began to speak. His voice passed through a silver plate, a strip of material in it trembled, and this produced a strong, piercing sound. This is the voice of Parsley. Or, as one of the correspondents P.N. reported. Tikhanov, this is “a small projectile consisting of two bone plates, inside of which a narrow strip of thin linen ribbon is reinforced.”
One day, an unusual story happened to Parsley’s voice. This was before the revolution. After one of the performances the voice disappeared. The actor-puppeteer discovered the loss and was upset, because without Petrushka’s voice the performance lost its originality and charm.
The upset actor was walking through Izmailovsky Park in Moscow, and suddenly he heard Petrushkin’s voice. It turned out that a boy was sitting on a tree and squeaking in the voice of Parsley. The puppeteer actor realized who had stolen the silver squeak, and then wondered why the boy climbed up the tree and squeaked. It turned out that in the depths of the park the workers had gathered for a rally, and the boy had been left on guard. When strangers appeared, he was supposed to squeak.
The actor-puppeteer was as poor as the workers, he sympathized with them and therefore gave the boy a squeak.
Until the 19th century, Petrushka did not have a permanent name; he was most often called: “Ivan Ratyutyu” or “Ivan Ratatouille”. And he got his current name Petrushka from one everyday scene with a policeman, where he demanded a passport from him, to which our hero replied: “Yes, there is! According to my passport, I am Pyotr Ivanovich Uksusov!” So simply he received his current name Parsley, as a derivative of the name Peter.
Parsley is the younger relative of the Italian Pulcinella, the French Polichinelle, the English Punch, the Turkish Karagöz, the German Hanswurst, the Spanish Don Cristobal and others - despite the fact that all of them are theatrical puppets and are controlled using threads. The only analogue of Petrushka in terms of driving technique is the Guignol glove doll, which appeared in Lyon at the beginning of the 19th century.
For the mobile folk theater, a light screen, dolls, miniature backstage and a curtain were specially made. Petrushka ran around the stage, his gestures and movements creating the appearance of a living person. This is how Petrushka made the Russian people happy.
II. Practical part
2.1. Parsley's repertoire.
There were main plots: Parsley's treatment, soldier training, the scene with the bride, buying a horse and testing it. The stories were passed from actor to actor, by word of mouth. Not a single character in the Russian theater had the popularity equal to Petrushka.
According to a widespread but unproven version, plays with the participation of Petrushka were still part of the repertoire of buffoons and consisted of humorous and historical scenes and dialogues. Each scene depicted a fight with Parsley's fists and a stick with one or another character. Usually the performance began with the following plot: Petrushka decided to buy a horse, the musician calls the gypsy horse dealer. Petrushka examined the horse for a long time and bargained with the gypsy for a long time. Then Petrushka got tired of the bargaining, and instead of money, he beat the gypsy on the back for a long time, after which he ran away. Petrushka tried to mount the horse, but it threw him off to the laughter of the spectators. This could go on until people laughed it off. Finally the horse ran away, leaving Petrushka lying dead. The doctor came and asked Petrushka about his illnesses. It turned out that everything hurt him. There was a fight between the Doctor and Petrushka, at the end of which Petrushka hit the enemy hard on the head with a club. “What kind of doctor are you,” Petrushka shouted, “if you ask where it hurts? Why did you study? You yourself should know where it hurts!” The policeman appeared. - “Why did you kill the doctor?” He answered: “Because he doesn’t know his science well.” After the interrogation, Petrushka hits the policeman on the head with a club and kills him. A growling dog came running. Petrushka unsuccessfully asked the audience and the musician for help, after which he flirted with the dog, promising to feed it cat meat. The dog grabbed him by the nose and dragged him behind the scenes, and Petrushka shouted: “Oh, my little head with its cap and tassel has disappeared!” The music stopped, which meant the end of the performance. If the audience liked it, then they did not let the actors go, applauded, threw money, demanding a continuation. Then they played a small scene of Petrushkin's wedding. A bride was brought to Parsley, he examined her the way a horse is examined. He liked the bride, he did not want to wait for the wedding and began to beg her to “sacrifice herself.” From the scene where the bride “sacrifices herself,” the women left and took their children with them. There were scenes in which Petrushka did not participate. It was dancing and juggling with balls and sticks.
Parsley defeated all opponents except Death. In the final scene, Death took Petrushka with him. But Petrushka was used in a farce theater and the same performance was shown in different places. This means that Petrushka “died” for some viewers, and “resurrected” for others.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Parsley began to show performances at children's parties and New Year trees. The scenes began to change.
- My repertoire.
To create Petrushka's repertoire, I based myself on the repertoire of the folk hero, having studied the relevant literature. But I want to show my skits for kindergarten children, so I have to take into account age characteristics. In the library I found a very old book that tells how to set up the Parsley Theater in the simplest way and gives a variety of repertoire [G. V. Genov Theater for kids. M., “Enlightenment”, 1968. p. 76 -94]. After studying this book, I compiled a repertoire for my Parsley. (Appendix 2)
III. Conclusion
This project helped me learn more about the puppet hero Petrushka than I knew before. Performances with the participation of Petrushka have no equal among other puppet theaters. Petrushka was the main character of the puppet theater of the last century. In the modern world, my peers know little about such a wonderful puppet hero as Parsley. Having studied his repertoire, I was able, based on it, to create a repertoire for my Parsley. This was the goal of my project. He gave several performances in kindergartens in our city. The children greeted my Petrushka with joy, laughed merrily and, without hesitation, communicated with him.
As a result, I came to the following conclusions:
Parsley is the most amazing bright puppet character who can be funny and sad and wise, a fighter for justice.
Petrushka is one of the origins of modern puppet theater and played a large role in its development, although he is not a Russian doll.
He adopted the character and appearance of his older foreign brothers. The actor-puppeteer who leads Petrushka on the screen becomes Petrushka himself. I think that my hypothesis was completely confirmed. Parsley really is a surprisingly interesting character.
Work on my Parsley's repertoire will continue.
IV. List of used literature and online sources
1. G.V. Genov Theater for kids. M., “Enlightenment”, 1968.154 p. From illus.
2. L. A. Sivertseva School Puppet Theater: From work experience. – Mn.: Nar. Asveta, 1988. – 95 p.: ill.
3. http://site
4. http://www.myshared.ru/slide/404621/
5. http://elena-kuzmina.ru/kto-on-petrushka.html
6. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrushka_(character)
7. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
V. Appendix.
Appendix 1.
Who is Parsley?
__________________________________________________________
What is his character?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
What is he wearing?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
What performances did Petrushka take part in?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
The result of the survey.
Appendix 2.
Number 1 “Riddles for kids”
I brought you riddles.
Whoever guessed right, raise your hand
And tell me the answer.
It will be difficult - I’ll tell you
And I'll show you something else.
Do you guys agree?
Black, white and red.
Ha ha ha!
Well, let's start with the simplest one,
The funny riddles are:
Doesn't bark, doesn't bite,
But he won’t let me into the house. (lock)
(if necessary, Parsley prompts)
Where is the door and where is the window?
The house is small, but there are a lot of tenants. (box of matches)
Round, smooth and pot-bellied,
The guys hit him hard. (ball)
Who always walks and never leaves his place? (watch)
Without a head, but in a hat;
One leg, and that without a boot. (nail)
It's a new thing, but it's all full of holes. (colander)
Not a bush, but with leaves,
Not a shirt, but sewn,
Not a person, but a storyteller. (book)
Between two lights I am alone in the middle. (nose)
Black Ivashka, wooden shirt,
Wherever his nose passes, he puts a note there. (pencil)
Two ends, two rings, carnations in the middle. (scissors)
Ending:
Well done, guys!
All the riddles have been solved
Tricky riddles
And the guys are smart.
I'll come to you another day
I'll bring new riddles.
And now thank you for your attention,
Goodbye! Goodbye!
Number 2 “Where the sparrow dined”
Miniature based on the fairy tale “Where the Sparrow Dined” by S. Ya. Marshak. On the screen are decorations of cages with zoo animals, covered with a curtain. Parsley in the background.
Parsley.
Hello, dear audience. Ooo! How pretty you all are, black, white and red-haired! Ha ha ha!
Were you waiting for me? Today we will talk about animals. Do you love animals? How many of you have been to the zoo?
Who knows the poem “Where the Sparrow Dined”?
So, tell me, where did the sparrow have lunch?
Ha ha ha! That's right, in the zoo with the animals.
Let's go to the zoo together and visit the animals where the sparrow dined. Which animal had a sparrow first?
That's right, the lion. Ha ha ha! (the curtain opens, where a lion sits in a cage)
What did he have for lunch? Of course meat. Lions eat only meat.
Who else has a sparrow to eat? At the fox's. Ha ha ha! You know the fox well from fairy tales.
What did the sparrow want then? Yes, he was thirsty. Who did he drink from? I drank some water at the walrus's. Ha ha ha! What a great fellow you are. You make me happy!
(Parsley shows a picture of an elephant)Did you find out who it is?
The elephant is huge. He eats a lot.
What does he eat? Hay, oats, bread, sugar and much more. What did the sparrow eat? Yes, he ate carrots. Ha ha ha! Well done!
Whose sparrow ate bran? Yes, from a rhinoceros.
What is a rhino's favorite pastime? He loves to swim. Do you like to swim? How great it is to swim in warm, clean water in the summer! Ha ha ha!
Whose sparrow attended the feast? Yes, tailed kangaroos. Who had a holiday dinner? The bear, that's right!
Who did the sparrow get to and who almost swallowed it?
Why did the crocodile swallow it? No, the sparrow flew away. Ha ha ha!
So we visited the zoo, looked at the animals and remembered the funny poem. Our zoo is closing (the curtain is closing). Goodbye!
Number 3 “What is it!”
(Action on the screen)
Parsley: Hello, dear audience. Ooo! How pretty you all are, black, white and red-haired! Ha ha ha!
I am a fun person, I love children and adults.
Show concerts for them
Simply exciting! Simply wonderful!
(takes out a mirror and looks in it)
Oh, what is it? What's happened? I urgently need to get myself in order!
Now everyone will see me like this.
Oh, I need it urgently. Well, this..., this...
What is it, what is it? Forgot. Eeyore!
(Hides behind the scenes, the performer comes out with Petrushka on his arm)
Parsley. What to do? What to do?
Executor. Wait, Petrushka. What's happened? Tell me.
Parsley. You see, I just can’t remember...
Executor. What do you need?
Parsley. I need an item, well, something like this...
Executor. Maybe you need a glass?
Parsley. No. It's for health...
Executor. Milk? Carrot?
Parsley. No, this item is colored, smooth...
Executor. Could it be perfume?
Parsley. No, it sticks to your hands...
Executor. Glue?
Parsley. No, this is necessary so that I am clean and beautiful.
Executor. A washcloth?
Parsley. Everyone knows it... It helps get rid of germs.
Executor. So it's water!
Parsley. Eeyore! You are laughing at me.
Executor. Don't be offended, Petrushka. I guessed a long time ago, but I want you to remember for yourself.
Parsley. They rub both the face and hands, and then foam is obtained. I remembered! They wash their faces with it... It's soap!
Well, let's go. I'll give you soap.
(Bow)
Number 4 “Tongue Twisters”
Parsley: Hello, dear audience. Ooo! How pretty you all are, black, white and red-haired! Ha ha ha!
Today I have prepared tongue twisters for you. This hero of tongue twisters is found often. But you can guess his name yourself.
Like a hill, on a mountain, on a hill lived thirty-three... (Egorki)
That's right, guys. This means that the tongue twisters will be about Yegorka.
Grandfather Yegor came to them from behind the forest, from behind the mountains.
Egor was walking along the highway to Sasha’s place to play checkers.
Yegor walked through the yard, Yegor carried an ax.
Well done Yegor ate thirty-three pie pies, all with cottage cheese.
Goga drove the geese down the mountain, Yegor drove the geese up the mountain.
Ugh, even tired. You can’t repeat all the tongue twisters about Yegor too quickly.
How many of you know the tongue twister? You're a boy. What is your name? …. now he will tell us a tongue twister. Let's listen. (child speaks)
Ha ha ha! Great! Well done! For this you get candy.
Who else knows tongue twisters? Don't lag behind, join the competition.
(children speak tongue twisters)
Now let's decide together who is the best speaker. We will recognize the winner by your applause. (The winner is determined)
The winners should always be given an award.
Thank you for your attention. Goodbye! Goodbye! Learn tongue twisters, and then tell them to me.
A Russian trickster, a bearer of folk ingenuity, a crafty mystifier who emerged unscathed from any troubles, Petrushka always reflected the times, so he changed many appearances during his history. However, under the motley outfit of the jester, a loving and suffering heart is hidden...
Russified Pulcinella
Oddly enough, Petrushka is not a native Russian puppet theater character. Its prototypes can be found in different countries. In Italy - this is Pulcinella, in Germany - Kasper, or Gansvut, in France - Polichinelle, in England - Mr. Punch, Turkey - Karagöz, Hungary - the knight Laszlo, India - Vidushaka. That’s why Petrushka’s clothes are foreign: a red cap with a tassel, the same red shirt, a cloak and canvas pants. And the appearance of the doll cannot be called Slavic. It is believed that it was from the Italian Pulicinella (translated as “cockerel”) that she received such an unusual appearance: large almond-shaped eyes, a huge hooked nose, exaggeratedly large arms and head, and a hump on the back. Even the face itself was dark, and the eyes were black. A wide-open mouth is by no means a smile, it’s a real grin, because Petrushka was not initially a positive hero. In addition, he had only four fingers on his hands, which perhaps hinted at a dark essence.
Anna Ioannovna's Jester
The puppet Petrushka has a real prototype. This is considered to be the favorite jester of Empress Anna Ioannovna Pietro-Mira Pedrillo. He was the son of an Italian sculptor, and came to Russia, to the court of the ruler as a musician. His wit helped him get closer to the empress's entourage and then become a court jester. He had many nicknames: “Adamka”, “Antonio”, and finally, “Petrushka”. The last name became entrenched in all puppet shows.
Street wit
Parsley is a folklore character and an indispensable participant in street performances. Only men (“parsleymen”) could “drive” it. The doll acquired its voice with the help of a special device - a “peeper” or “talker”. Petrushka also has a full name - Petr Ivanovich Uksusov. He was also called “Samovarov” or “Vanka Ratatouille”. Bold statements, vulgar jokes, witty remarks - Petrushka got away with everything, because he is a doll, and what can he take from it? The people themselves spoke through his lips, criticizing and showing dissatisfaction with the authorities or the clergy. There are quite a lot of stories about the adventures of Parsley. The plot could begin with the fact that Petrushka wanted to buy a horse or get married. In the course of the action, he met many characters: from gypsies, to police officers and the clergy, whom our hero either beat with his club or killed. Petrushka's meeting with Death remained unchanged. And then the doll turned to the crowd, asking for help. If the audience liked the performance, then they threw money to the actors, thereby saving Petrushka and demanding that the performance continue.
Homemade Parsley
Over time, Petrushka ceased to be just a street performer. He is increasingly invited to manor houses, where our hero loses his edge. He no longer kills, but only disperses his enemies. His speech ceases to be common people, because the “parsley man” is now not a street actor, but a salon actor. The stage is decorated with lush draperies, and the participants themselves dress in satin and shiny tinsel, which turns the performance into a formal, theatrical one. Parsley becomes a participant in children's matinees, thereby turning into a children's character. Moreover, due to the theatricality of the stage, our hero is transformed from a glove puppet into a puppet and now often performs in exactly this form.
Comrade Petrushka
In Soviet times, the doll left the stage and became the hero of literary plays. Now Petrushka, having lost the frivolity of the plots, campaigns for sanitary hygiene, or participates in the collection of waste materials. The only thing left from the old Petrushka is accusation. He identifies and condemns quitters and drunkards, and explains to the reader the norms of social behavior. The appearance of the doll also changes. The red camisole turns into a blouse or tunic, and a cap, cap or “Budenovka” appears on the head. Even the once long humped nose gradually shortened and became first snub-nosed, and then completely ordinary.
"Parsley the Foreigner"
Samuil Marshak undertook to revive the image of Parsley. In 1922, the puppet comedy “Petrushka” appeared in his collection of plays, and five years later the play “Petrushka the Foreigner” was published. Although Marshak finally cemented the image of Petrushka as a child’s one, he restored the tradition of the doll getting into ridiculous stories. And most importantly, Petrushka again becomes an exposer of time, a fearless, eloquent hero challenging fate. What remains unchanged in the plot is that every now and then he turns to the viewer-reader for help or advice.
Parsley in "Russian Seasons"
The ballet “Petrushka” is sometimes identified as the emblem of the Russian seasons, and for its creators it has become a kind of historical milestone. For Stravinsky, it marked his rise to the forefront of modern music, for Benois it was one of the central works, for Mikhail Fokine it served as the pinnacle of creativity, and for Vaslav Nijinsky, perhaps, he became the personification of himself. Probably, in the ballet “Petrushka” the tragic image of the doll was fully revealed. The plot is reminiscent of the past adventures of the street Parsley. In the ballet, for the first time, the line of Petrushka’s dependence on his creator, the Magician, appears. The doll rebels against him. Parsley no longer turns to the public for help, but is reborn in the role of an avenger. Resurrected, he shakes his fist at the Magician and lets out a mocking cry. The eternal loser Petrushka, as always, will defend his rights and prove that a human heart beats in the chest of a pathetic doll, a homely jester.
Ksenia Timoshkina
The ProDetki editors love to visit cultural places and discover new heroes and characters. For example, we became interested in the hero Petrushka in the puppet world.
The Petrushka Theater is a unique performance whose history goes back to the 17th century. At first it was a popular entertainment for ordinary people, and then it gained popularity among high society.
Doll Parsley
Parsley is a printed doll dressed in pants and a red shirt; the distinctive features of this character were: a pointed cap and a huge red nose.
History of the Petrushka Theater
The Petrushka Theater is one of the oldest entertainments in Rus', which has survived to this day and has not lost its relevance. . Many perceive it as a folk creation, but in reality its prototypes Russian folk theater Petrushka has in many countries such as France, Germany, Italy and Türkiye.
The first appearance of the Petrushka Theater in Rus' was recorded back in the 17th century, but it gained its main popularity only in the 19th century. Despite the fact that there were several types of puppet theater in Rus', Petrushka's performances were the most popular.
Character Parsley
It is not surprising that Petrushka is the main character of the puppet theater, which is named after him. Let's take a closer look at what it is. As you can see from the history of the creation of the theater, it came to Russian lands from other countries, therefore Russian Petrushka collected in his appearance many distinctive features of different nationalities . For example, his head and arms were incredibly large, and his eyes were almond-shaped, his skin color was dark, and his nose had a large hump. Thanks to all this, he was very similar to his Italian prototype - Pulcinella.
Parsley Although he put his main character at the head of the presentation, he did not limit himself to this. For example, Petrushka’s constant partner in the plot was a bear, with whom he acted out the main scenes .
Russian theater Petrushka and its plots
The plots of theatrical performances were always based on banal and philistine themes of that time: soldier's service, treatment, acquisition of a horse and its testing, as well as Petrushka's dating and wedding.
All scenes had their own order and were shown strictly one after another:
— The first scene was always based on Petrushka’s purchase of a horse. He bargained with a gypsy salesman who did not want to give in, then Petrushka got tired of it, for which he hit the merchant. This was the end of the first performance.
— The second scene was a demonstration of how Petrushka climbs onto a horse, but it does not want to obey him and throws off the main character, and then leaves after the gypsy.
— In the third scene, as at the beginning of the performance, Petrushka is not distinguished by a calm disposition, and, having visited the doctor, beats him because the doctor finds many ailments in the main character.
— The last scene is also not complete without fights. When the policeman appears to find out why Petrushka killed the doctor, the main character, without thinking twice, does the same with the policeman. But justice is personified by the dog, which barks and growls at the main character, and then, not succumbing to any cajoling and begging of Petrushka, who grabbed him by the nose, drags him away from the impromptu stage.
This is where the show ends. It is interesting that the duration of the performance depends on how interesting the scenes are played out, because it lasts as long as there are spectators on the street who deign to pay attention to it.
Russian folk theater Petrushka is not limited to just four main scenes in its performance . When there are a lot of onlookers on the streets and the audience is ready to watch as much as they want - to watch a puppet theater, the story continues with other interesting plots. One of them is “Parsley’s Wedding”. The script for this performance was so rude and frivolous that parents did not allow their children to watch such a scene.
In all performances, Petrushka acted as a rogue, a swindler and a rude man. Nand his facewas depicteddeven not a sweet smile, as many may think, but a rude grin.
Street theater Petrushka
Traditional Petrushka - puppet theater one actor, the scene of which was always street fairs and shopping areas . The very first performances were shown without a screen, since the only actor-puppeteer simply wore a special skirt with a hoop on his belt. By lifting this ring, the puppeteer disappeared from the view of the audience, giving them the opportunity to enjoy the performance. At the same time, he could calmly move and work with both hands to control two characters at once.
Already at the beginning of the 19th century, such a costume for an actor was replaced by a screen , a prototype of the one in use today. It was installed directly on the ground, hiding the puppeteer and all his props.
Only men were puppeteers, but in order to give their voices additional squeakiness, a specialized squeaker was used. It was inserted directly into the larynx. This gave the puppeteer the opportunity to speak louder.
Contemporary Petrushka Theater
Thanks to many artists who make every effort to preserve the traditions of puppet theater, we have the opportunity to enjoy interesting performances today. Nowadays, of course, these are not only nomadic fair performances, but also street puppeteers.
Most often, Petrushka’s performances can be seen in children’s puppet theaters, for example, “Firebird”, “Albatross”, “Fairytale” and many others.
The Petrushka People's Theater at the moment is an opportunity to introduce children and adults to history, as well as to instill in the younger generation a love and interest in literature.
Cheerful, cocky, reckless, savvy... It’s hard not to recognize this puppet character: for several centuries, Parsley has aroused almost universal love. He became an unspoken but recognizable symbol of Russian puppet theater, and his name is still used to this day as a common noun, and also as a term describing a whole group of theatrical puppets.
Character Parsley
Petrushka is the leading character of the folk puppet theater, a mass entertainer and a farce hero. The character is provocative, bold and arrogant towards all the characters on stage, often Petrushka challenges the authorities, for example, the gendarme (policeman in Tsarist Russia), and also ridicules characters from both ordinary and upper classes. At the end of eloquent conversational actions he is able to use his baton, a frequent attribute of his performances. With his courage and assertiveness, the character became very fond of the common people, who came to the holiday fairs and at the same time watch the performance of the farce theater.
Appearance in the Russian folk theater
No matter who they say, Petrushka was and remains an original Russian puppet character. Let them compare him with the Italian Pulcinella, the French Polichinelle, the English Punch, sorting out all the similar characteristics of the characters - Parsley's recognition and people's love for him is not a hindrance.
(Parsley's wedding scene)
Of course, no serious historical research has been carried out on the pedigree of Parsley. The first official description of this doll was given by the famous German scientist-researcher Adam Olearius, who made two long journeys through the mysterious Muscovy in 1633–1634 and 1635–1639.
Presumably, the creators of Petrushka were Russian buffoons - wandering actors who stage street performances. The buffoon subculture existed in Rus' from the 11th to the 18th centuries, later giving way to booths and districts, which continued to preserve the traditions of buffoonery, and then transferred them to puppet theaters.
And it was precisely the 16th century that turned out to be the most difficult for buffoons: they were subjected to severe persecution by state and church authorities. During this period, the highest decrees categorically prohibiting buffoonery were issued twice. In response to pressure from above, live actors in street performances were replaced by puppets, the brightest of which was Petrushka. By the way, all his foreign “colleagues” appeared around the same time.
A collective image loved by the people
(Images of Parsley on the modern stage: 1) visiting worker 2) policeman)
In the image of Petrushka, the features of the national character are harmoniously intertwined. In fact, it is the quintessence of the Russian mentality. Resourceful, sharp-tongued, fearless, helping justice to prevail, bringing good and defeating evil - this is how one can characterize the image of this puppet character.
(Scenes: 3) Russian wife 4) African bride)
Parsley's appearance has undergone several changes over the decades. However, it carried some of its features through the centuries almost unchanged. So, for example, Petrushka remained a riding puppet, and not a puppet - his puppeteer is below the action unfolding on stage. A long hooked nose, a malicious smile, a high voice, a bright clownish outfit - these attributes have also passed through the centuries.
Over time, the character's character began to change, and in modern puppet theater, from a champion of justice, a successful fighter against evil and a recklessly cheerful joker, Petrushka turns into a bright and charismatic leading entertainer of children's puppet shows.
