The story of Matryonin's Dvor was written. Analysis of Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor”

The story began at the end of July - beginning of August 1959 in the village of Chernomorskoye in western Crimea, where Solzhenitsyn was invited by friends from exile in Kazakhstan by the spouses Nikolai Ivanovich and Elena Alexandrovna Zubov, who settled there in 1958. The story was completed in December of the same year.

Solzhenitsyn conveyed the story to Tvardovsky on December 26, 1961. The first discussion in the magazine took place on January 2, 1962. Tvardovsky believed that this work could not be published. The manuscript remained with the editor. Having learned that censorship had cut Veniamin Kaverin’s memories of Mikhail Zoshchenko from “New World” (1962, No. 12), Lydia Chukovskaya wrote in her diary on December 5, 1962:

...What if they don’t publish Solzhenitsyn’s second work? I liked her more than the first one. She stuns with her courage, astonishes with her material, and, of course, with her literary skill; and “Matryona”... here you can already see a great artist, humane, returning to us our native language, loving Russia, as Blok said, with mortally insulted love.<…>So Akhmatova’s prophetic oath comes true:
And we will save you, Russian speech,
Great Russian word.
Saved - revived - film by Solzhenitsyn.

After the success of the story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich,” Tvardovsky decided to re-edit the discussion and prepare the story for publication. In those days, Tvardovsky wrote in his diary:

Before Solzhenitsyn’s arrival today, I re-read his “Righteous Woman” since five in the morning. Oh my god, writer. No jokes. A writer who is solely concerned with expressing what lies “at the core” of his mind and heart. Not a shadow of a desire to “hit the bull’s eye”, to please, to make the task of an editor or critic easier - whatever you want, get out of it, but I won’t get out of my way. I can only go further.

The name “Matryonin Dvor” was proposed by Alexander Tvardovsky before publication and approved during an editorial discussion on November 26, 1962:

“The title shouldn’t be so edifying,” argued Alexander Trifonovich. “Yes, I have no luck with names,” Solzhenitsyn responded, however rather good-naturedly.

The story was published in the January notebook of the New World for 1963 (pages 42-63) along with the story “The Incident at Kochetovka Station” under the general heading “Two Stories”.

Unlike Solzhenitsyn’s first published work, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, which was generally positively received by critics, Matryonin’s Dvor caused a wave of controversy and discussion in the Soviet press. The author's position in the story was at the center of a critical discussion on the pages of Literary Russia in the winter of 1964. It began with an article by the young writer L. Zhukhovitsky “Looking for a co-author!”

In 1989, “Matryonin Dvor” became the first publication of Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s texts in the USSR after many years of silence. The story was published in two issues of the magazine “Ogonyok” (1989, No. 23, 24) with a huge circulation of more than 3 million copies. Solzhenitsyn declared the publication “pirated” because it was carried out without his consent.

Plot

In the summer of 1956, “at the one hundred and eighty-fourth kilometer from Moscow along the line that goes to Murom and Kazan,” a passenger gets off the train. This is the narrator, whose fate resembles the fate of Solzhenitsyn himself (he fought, but from the front he was “delayed in returning for ten years,” that is, he served in a camp and was in exile, which is also evidenced by the fact that when the narrator got a job, every letter in his documents was “searched”). He dreams of working as a teacher in the depths of Russia, away from urban civilization. But it didn’t work out to live in the village with the wonderful name Vysokoye Polye: “Alas, they didn’t bake bread there. They didn't sell anything edible there. The whole village was dragging food in bags from the regional city.” And then he is transferred to a village with a monstrous name for his ears, Torfoprodukt. However, it turns out that “not everything is about peat mining” and there are also villages with the names Chaslitsy, Ovintsy, Spudni, Shevertny, Shestimirovo...

This reconciles the narrator with his lot: “A wind of calm blew over me from these names. They promised me a crazy Russia.” He settles in one of the villages called Talnovo. The owner of the hut in which the narrator lives is called Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva or simply Matryona.

Matryona, not considering her fate interesting for a “cultured” person, sometimes in the evenings tells a guest about herself. The life story of this woman fascinates and at the same time stuns him. He sees a special meaning in it, which Matryona’s fellow villagers and relatives do not notice. My husband went missing at the beginning of the war. He loved Matryona and did not beat her, like the village husbands of their wives. But it’s unlikely that Matryona herself loved him. She was supposed to marry her husband's older brother, Thaddeus. However, he went to the front in the First World War and disappeared. Matryona was waiting for him, but in the end, at the insistence of Thaddeus’s family, she married her younger brother, Efim. And then Thaddeus, who was in Hungarian captivity, suddenly returned. According to him, he did not hack Matryona and her husband to death with an ax only because Efim is his brother. Thaddeus loved Matryona so much that he found a new bride with the same name. The “second Matryona” gave birth to six children to Thaddeus, but all the children from Efim (also six) of the “first Matryona” died without even living for three months. The whole village decided that Matryona was “corrupted,” and she herself believed it. Then she took in the daughter of the “second Matryona”, Kira, and raised her for ten years, until she got married and left for the village of Cherusti.

Matryona lived all her life as if not for herself. She constantly worked for someone: for a collective farm, for neighbors, while doing “peasant” work, and never asked for money for it. Matryona has enormous inner strength. For example, she is able to stop a running horse, which men cannot stop. Gradually, the narrator understands that Matryona, who gives herself to others without reserve, and “... is... the very righteous man, without whom... the village does not stand. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.” But he is hardly pleased with this discovery. If Russia rests only on selfless old women, what will happen to it next?

Hence the absurdly tragic death of the heroine at the end of the story. Matryona dies while helping Thaddeus and his sons drag part of their own hut, bequeathed to Kira, across the railroad on a sleigh. Thaddeus did not want to wait for Matryona’s death and decided to take away the inheritance for the young people during her lifetime. Thus, he unwittingly provoked her death. When relatives bury Matryona, they cry out of obligation rather than from the heart, and think only about the final division of Matryona’s property. Thaddeus doesn't even come to the wake.

Characters

Ignatich - narrator
Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva - the main character, righteous woman
Efim Mironovich Grigoriev - Matryona's husband
Thaddeus Mironovich Grigoriev - Efim’s older brother (Matryona’s former lover and deeply in love with her)
"Second Matryona" - wife of Thaddeus
Kira is the daughter of the “second” Matryona and Thaddeus, the adopted daughter of Matryona Grigorieva
Kira's husband, machinist
sons of Thaddeus
Masha is Matryona's close friend
3 Matryona sisters

Prototypes

The story is based on true events. The heroine of the story in reality was called Matryona Vasilyevna Zakharova (1896-1957). The events took place in the village of Miltsevo (in the story Talnovo). At the end of 2012, Matryona Vasilievna’s house, in which it was supposed to be a museum, burned down. It is possible that the cause was arson. On October 26, 2013, the museum was opened in the house recreated after the fire.

Other information

The story was staged by the Vakhtangov Theater (idea for the stage version of the story by Alexander Mikhailov, stage version and production by Vladimir Ivanov, premiere April 13, 2008). Cast: Ignatich - Alexander Mikhailov, Matryona - Elena Mikhailova. Artist Maxim Obrezkov.

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Notes

Literature

A. Solzhenitsyn. . Texts of stories on the official website of Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Zhukhovitsky, L. I'm looking for a co-author! // Literary Russia: newspaper. - 1964. - January 1.
Brovman, G. Is it necessary to be a co-author? // Literary Russia: newspaper. - 1964. - January 1.
Poltoratsky, V. “Matryonin Dvor” and its surroundings // Izvestia: newspaper. - 1963. - March 29.
Sergovantsev, N. The tragedy of loneliness and “continuous life” // October: magazine. - 1963. - No. 4. - P. 205.
Ivanova, L. You must be a citizen // Literary newspaper. - 1963. - May 14.
Meshkov, Yu. Alexander Solzhenitsyn: Personality. Creation. Time. - Ekaterinburg, 1993.
Suprunenko, P. Recognition... oblivion... fate... The experience of a reader's study of the work of A. Solzhenitsyn. - Pyatigorsk, 1994.
Chalmaev, V. Alexander Solzhenitsyn: Life and Work. - M., 1994.
Kuzmin, V.V.. - Tver: TvGU, 1998. - Without ISBN.
“Matryonin’s yard” by A. I. Solzhenitsyn: Artistic world. Poetics. Cultural context: collection. scientific tr. / under. ed. A. V. Urmanova. - Blagoveshchensk: BSPU Publishing House, 1999.
N.S.<Н. Солженицына.> The story “A village is not worth without a righteous man” // Alexander Solzhenitsyn: From under the rocks: Manuscripts, documents, photographs: To the 95th anniversary of his birth. - M.: Rus. way, 2013. - P. 205. - ISBN 978-5-85887-431-7.



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An excerpt characterizing Matryonin's yard

Staff captain Kirsten was demoted to soldier twice for matters of honor and served twice.
– I won’t allow anyone to tell me that I’m lying! - Rostov screamed. “He told me I was lying, and I told him he was lying.” It will remain so. He can assign me to duty every day and put me under arrest, but no one will force me to apologize, because if he, as a regimental commander, considers himself unworthy of giving me satisfaction, then...
- Just wait, father; “Listen to me,” the captain interrupted the headquarters in his bass voice, calmly smoothing his long mustache. - In front of other officers, you tell the regimental commander that the officer stole...
“It’s not my fault that the conversation started in front of other officers.” Maybe I shouldn’t have spoken in front of them, but I’m not a diplomat. Then I joined the hussars, I thought that there was no need for subtleties, but he told me that I was lying... so let him give me satisfaction...
- This is all good, no one thinks that you are a coward, but that’s not the point. Ask Denisov, does this look like something for a cadet to demand satisfaction from the regimental commander?
Denisov, biting his mustache, listened to the conversation with a gloomy look, apparently not wanting to engage in it. When asked by the captain's staff, he shook his head negatively.
“You tell the regimental commander about this dirty trick in front of the officers,” the captain continued. - Bogdanych (the regimental commander was called Bogdanych) besieged you.
- He didn’t besiege him, but said that I was telling a lie.
- Well, yes, and you said something stupid to him, and you need to apologize.
- No way! - Rostov shouted.
“I didn’t think this from you,” the captain said seriously and sternly. “You don’t want to apologize, but you, father, not only before him, but before the entire regiment, before all of us, you are completely to blame.” Here's how: if only you had thought and consulted on how to deal with this matter, otherwise you would have drunk right there, in front of the officers. What should the regimental commander do now? Should the officer be put on trial and the entire regiment be soiled? Because of one scoundrel, the whole regiment is disgraced? So, what do you think? But in our opinion, not so. And Bogdanich is great, he told you that you are telling lies. It’s unpleasant, but what can you do, father, they attacked you yourself. And now, as they want to hush up the matter, because of some kind of fanaticism you don’t want to apologize, but want to tell everything. You are offended that you are on duty, but why should you apologize to an old and honest officer! No matter what Bogdanich is, he’s still an honest and brave old colonel, it’s such a shame for you; Is it okay for you to dirty the regiment? – The captain’s voice began to tremble. - You, father, have been in the regiment for a week; today here, tomorrow transferred to adjutants somewhere; you don’t care what they say: “there are thieves among the Pavlograd officers!” But we care. So, what, Denisov? Does it matter?
Denisov remained silent and did not move, occasionally glancing at Rostov with his shiny black eyes.
“You value your own fanabery, you don’t want to apologize,” the headquarters captain continued, “but for us old men, how we grew up, and even if we die, God willing, we will be brought into the regiment, so the honor of the regiment is dear to us, and Bogdanich knows this.” Oh, what a road, father! And this is not good, not good! Be offended or not, I will always tell the truth. Bad!
And the headquarters captain stood up and turned away from Rostov.
- Pg "avda, chog" take it! - Denisov shouted, jumping up. - Well, G'skeleton! Well!
Rostov, blushing and turning pale, looked first at one officer, then at the other.
- No, gentlemen, no... don’t think... I really understand, you’re wrong to think about me like that... I... for me... I’m for the honor of the regiment. So what? I will show this in practice, and for me it is an honor to the banner... well, anyway, really, it’s my fault!.. - Tears stood in his eyes. - I’m guilty, I’m guilty all around!... Well, what else do you need?...
“That’s it, Count,” the captain of staff shouted, turning around, hitting him on the shoulder with his big hand.
“I’m telling you,” Denisov shouted, “he’s a nice little guy.”
“That’s better, Count,” the headquarters captain repeated, as if for his recognition they were beginning to call him a title. - Come and apologize, your Excellency, yes sir.
“Gentlemen, I’ll do everything, no one will hear a word from me,” Rostov said in a pleading voice, “but I can’t apologize, by God, I can’t, whatever you want!” How will I apologize, like a little one, asking for forgiveness?
Denisov laughed.
- It's worse for you. Bogdanich is vindictive, you will pay for your stubbornness,” said Kirsten.
- By God, not stubbornness! I can’t describe to you what a feeling, I can’t...
“Well, it’s your choice,” said the headquarters captain. - Well, where did this scoundrel go? – he asked Denisov.
“He said he was sick, and the manager ordered him to be expelled,” Denisov said.
“It’s a disease, there’s no other way to explain it,” said the captain at the headquarters.
“It’s not a disease, but if he doesn’t catch my eye, I’ll kill him!” – Denisov shouted bloodthirstyly.
Zherkov entered the room.
- How are you? - the officers suddenly turned to the newcomer.
- Let's go, gentlemen. Mak surrendered as a prisoner and with the army, completely.
- You're lying!
- I saw it myself.
- How? Have you seen Mack alive? with arms, with legs?
- Hike! Hike! Give him a bottle for such news. How did you get here?
“They sent me back to the regiment again, for the devil’s sake, for Mack.” The Austrian general complained. I congratulated him on Mak’s arrival... Are you, Rostov, from the bathhouse?
- Here, brother, we have such a mess for the second day.
The regimental adjutant came in and confirmed the news brought by Zherkov. We were ordered to perform tomorrow.
- Let's go, gentlemen!
- Well, thank God, we stayed too long.

Kutuzov retreated to Vienna, destroying behind him bridges on the rivers Inn (in Braunau) and Traun (in Linz). On October 23, Russian troops crossed the Enns River. Russian convoys, artillery and columns of troops in the middle of the day stretched through the city of Enns, on this side and on the other side of the bridge.
The day was warm, autumn and rainy. The vast perspective that opened up from the elevation where the Russian batteries stood protecting the bridge was suddenly covered with a muslin curtain of slanting rain, then suddenly expanded, and in the light of the sun objects as if covered with varnish became visible far away and clearly. A town could be seen underfoot with its white houses and red roofs, a cathedral and a bridge, on both sides of which masses of Russian troops poured, crowding. At the bend of the Danube one could see ships, an island, and a castle with a park, surrounded by the waters of the Ensa confluence with the Danube; one could see the left rocky bank of the Danube covered with pine forests with the mysterious distance of green peaks and blue gorges. The towers of the monastery were visible, protruding from behind a pine forest that seemed untouched; far ahead on the mountain, on the other side of Ens, enemy patrols could be seen.
Between the guns, at a height, the chief of the rearguard, a general, and a retinue officer stood in front, examining the terrain through a telescope. Somewhat behind, Nesvitsky, sent from the commander-in-chief to the rearguard, sat on the trunk of a gun.
The Cossack accompanying Nesvitsky handed over a handbag and a flask, and Nesvitsky treated the officers to pies and real doppelkümel. The officers joyfully surrounded him, some on their knees, some sitting cross-legged on the wet grass.
- Yes, this Austrian prince was not a fool to build a castle here. Nice place. Why don't you eat, gentlemen? - Nesvitsky said.
“I humbly thank you, prince,” answered one of the officers, enjoying talking with such an important staff official. - Wonderful place. We walked past the park itself, saw two deer, and what a wonderful house!
“Look, prince,” said the other, who really wanted to take another pie, but was ashamed, and who therefore pretended that he was looking around the area, “look, our infantry have already climbed there.” Over there, in the meadow outside the village, three people are dragging something. “They will break through this palace,” he said with visible approval.
“Both,” said Nesvitsky. “No, but what I would like,” he added, chewing the pie in his beautiful, moist mouth, “is to climb up there.”
He pointed to a monastery with towers visible on the mountain. He smiled, his eyes narrowed and lit up.
- But that would be good, gentlemen!
The officers laughed.
- At least scare these nuns. Italians, they say, are young. Really, I would give five years of my life!
“They’re bored,” said the bolder officer, laughing.
Meanwhile, the retinue officer standing in front was pointing something out to the general; the general looked through the telescope.
“Well, so it is, so it is,” the general said angrily, lowering the receiver from his eyes and shrugging his shoulders, “and so it is, they will hit the crossing.” And why are they hanging around there?
On the other side, the enemy and his battery were visible to the naked eye, from which milky white smoke appeared. Following the smoke, a distant shot was heard, and it was clear how our troops hurried to the crossing.
Nesvitsky, puffing, stood up and, smiling, approached the general.
- Would your Excellency like to have a snack? - he said.
“It’s not good,” said the general, without answering him, “our people hesitated.”
– Shouldn’t we go, Your Excellency? – said Nesvitsky.
“Yes, please go,” said the general, repeating what had already been ordered in detail, “and tell the hussars to be the last to cross and light the bridge, as I ordered, and to inspect the flammable materials on the bridge.”
“Very good,” answered Nesvitsky.
He called to the Cossack with the horse, ordered him to remove his purse and flask, and easily threw his heavy body onto the saddle.
“Really, I’ll go see the nuns,” he said to the officers, who looked at him with a smile, and drove along the winding path down the mountain.
- Come on, where will it go, captain, stop it! - said the general, turning to the artilleryman. - Have fun with boredom.
- Servant to the guns! - the officer commanded.
And a minute later the artillerymen ran out cheerfully from the fires and loaded.
- First! - a command was heard.
Number 1 bounced smartly. The gun rang metallic, deafening, and a grenade flew whistling over the heads of all our people under the mountain and, not reaching the enemy, showed with smoke the place of its fall and burst.
The faces of the soldiers and officers brightened at this sound; everyone got up and began observing the clearly visible movements of our troops below and in front of the movements of the approaching enemy. At that very moment the sun completely came out from behind the clouds, and this beautiful sound of a single shot and the shine of the bright sun merged into one cheerful and cheerful impression.

Two enemy cannonballs had already flown over the bridge, and there was a crush on the bridge. In the middle of the bridge, having dismounted from his horse, pressed with his thick body against the railing, stood Prince Nesvitsky.
He, laughing, looked back at his Cossack, who, with two horses in the lead, stood a few steps behind him.
As soon as Prince Nesvitsky wanted to move forward, the soldiers and carts again pressed on him and again pressed him against the railing, and he had no choice but to smile.
- What are you, my brother! - the Cossack said to the Furshtat soldier with the cart, who was pressing on the infantry crowded with the very wheels and horses, - what are you! No, to wait: you see, the general has to pass.
But Furshtat, not paying attention to the name of the general, shouted at the soldiers blocking his way: “Hey!” fellow countrymen! keep left, wait! “But the fellow countrymen, crowding shoulder to shoulder, clinging with bayonets and without interruption, moved along the bridge in one continuous mass. Looking down over the railing, Prince Nesvitsky saw the fast, noisy, low waves of Ens, which, merging, rippling and bending around the bridge piles, overtook one another. Looking at the bridge, he saw equally monotonous living waves of soldiers, coats, shakos with covers, backpacks, bayonets, long guns and, from under the shakos, faces with wide cheekbones, sunken cheeks and carefree tired expressions, and moving legs along the sticky mud dragged onto the boards of the bridge . Sometimes, between the monotonous waves of soldiers, like a splash of white foam in the waves of Ens, an officer in a raincoat, with his own physiognomy different from the soldiers, squeezed between the soldiers; sometimes, like a piece of wood winding along the river, a foot hussar, an orderly or a resident was carried across the bridge by waves of infantry; sometimes, like a log floating along the river, surrounded on all sides, a company or officer's cart, piled to the top and covered with leather, floated across the bridge.

The work, written while the writer was on the Black Sea coast of Crimea, is autobiographical and based on real events that happened to the author after he served his sentence in a prison camp. Writing the work takes the author several months and the story is published together with another creation of the writer “The Incident at Kochetovka Station” under the single designation “Two Stories”.

The writer creates a work with the title “A village is not worth it without a righteous man,” however, having submitted the work for publication to the publication “New World”, whose editor-in-chief is A.T. Tvardovsky, the author changes the title of the story on the advice of a senior colleague in order to avoid obstacles from censorship , since the mention of righteousness could be regarded as a call to the Christian religion, which at that time had a sharp and negative attitude from the authorities. The editorial board of the magazine agrees with the opinion of the editor-in-chief that in the original version the title carries an edifying, moral appeal.

The basis of the narrative in the story is the depiction of a life picture of a Russian village in the mid-twentieth century, to reveal which the writer raises in the work eternal human problems in the form of a caring attitude towards one’s neighbor, manifestations of kindness, compassion and justice. The key theme of the story is reflected in the example of the image of the rural resident Matryona, who actually existed in life, in whose house the writer spends several months after his release from the camp. Currently, the real name of the writer’s landlady is known, Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova, who lives in the village of Miltsevo in the Vladimir region and is the prototype of the main character of the work.

The heroine is portrayed in the story as a righteous woman who works on a local collective farm for workdays and is not entitled to receive a state pension. At the same time, the writer retains the name of the real prototype of his own heroine, changing only the surname. Matryona is presented by the author as an illiterate, unread, old peasant woman, distinguished by a rich spiritual world and possessing true human values in the form of love, compassion, care, which overshadow the hardships and deprivations of a difficult village life.

For the writer, who is a former prisoner who later became a school teacher, the heroine becomes the ideal of female Russian modesty, self-sacrifice, and gentleness, while the author focuses the readers’ attention on the drama and tragedy of the heroine’s life, which did not affect her positive qualities. From the point of view of A.T. Tvardovsky, the image of Matryona, her incredibly huge inner world, creates the impression of a conversation with Tolstoy’s image of Anna Karenina. This characteristic of the heroine of the story is gratefully accepted by the writer.

After the ban on the publication of the writer’s works in the Soviet Union, the story was republished only in the late 80s of the twentieth century in the magazine Ogonyok, accompanied by illustrations by the artist Gennady Novozhilov.

Returning to Russia in the 90s of the 20th century, the writer visited memorable places of his life, including the village in which his heroine lived, paying tribute to her memory in the form of an ordered memorial service at the cemetery where Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova rests.

The true meaning of the work, which lies in telling the story of a suffering and loving peasant woman, is positively received by critics and readers.

Prototypes of characters, comments on the story, history of writing.

Several interesting essays

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The novel by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov describes difficult events, the change in power makes itself felt. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a young landowner who is used to living at the expense of serfs.
Analysis of the work Heart of a Dog by Bulgakov
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Essay based on Yuon's painting Russian Winter. Ligachevo (description)
The canvas itself conveys all the beauty and splendor of the Russian winter. The artist seems to glorify all the charm of this time of year and his admiration for nature. The canvas shows the village of Ligachevo on one of the beautiful, but no less frosty days.

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 1

1. The story "Matryonin's Dvor":

B) based on fiction;

C) is based on eyewitness accounts and contains elements of fiction.

2. The narration in the story is:

A) in the first person;

B) from a third party;

B) two narrators.

3. Function of exposition in a story:

A) introduce the reader to the main characters;

B) intrigue the reader with a mystery that explains the slow movement of a train along a section of railway track;

C) introduce the scene of action and indicate the narrator’s involvement in the events

events.

4. The narrator settled in Talnovo, hoping to find patriarchal Russia:

A) and was upset when he saw that the residents were unfriendly towards each other;

B) and did not regret anything, because I recognized the folk wisdom and sincerity of the residents of Talnovo;

B) and stayed to live there forever.

5. The narrator, paying attention to everyday life, talking about an elderly cat, a goat, mice and cockroaches living freely in Matryona’s house:

A) did not approve of the housewife’s sloppiness, although he did not tell her about it so as not to offend her;

B) emphasized that Matryona’s kind heart pitied all living things, and she sheltered in the house those

who needed her compassion;

B) showed details of village life.

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 2

1. In contrast to the detailed description of Thaddeus, the portrait of Matryona is stingy in detail:

“Tied with an old faded handkerchief, Matryona’s round face looked at me in the indirect soft reflections of the lamp...” This allows:

B) indicate that she belongs to the villagers;

C) see the deep subtext in the description of Matryona: her essence is revealed not by the portrait, but by the way she lives and communicates with people.

2. The technique of arranging images with a gradual increase in significance, which the author uses at the end of the story ( ), called:

3. What the author says: “But it must have come to our ancestors from the very Stone Age because, once heated before daylight, it stores warm feed and swill for livestock, food and water for humans all day long. And sleep warmly."

5. How does the fate of the narrator of the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” resemble the fate of the author A. Solzhenitsyn?

5. When was the story “Matryonin’s Dvor” written?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 3

1. Matryona told the narrator Ignatich the story of her bitter life:

A) because she had no one to talk to;

B) because he also had to go through difficult times, and he learned to understand and sympathize;

B) because she wanted to be pitied.

2. A short acquaintance with Matryona allowed the author to understand her character. He was:

A) kind, delicate, sympathetic;

B) closed, taciturn;

B) cunning, mercantile.

3. Why was it difficult for Matryona to give up the upper room during her lifetime??

4. What did the narrator want to do in the village?

5. Indicate on whose behalf the narration is told in Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor”

B) objective narration

D) an outside observer

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 4

A) went for holy water at Epiphany;

B) cried when she heard Glinka’s romances on the radio, taking this music to her heart;

B) agreed to give the upper room for scrapping.

2. Main theme of the story:

A) Thaddeus’s revenge on Matryona;

B) the alienation of Matryona, who lived secluded and lonely;

C) the destruction of Matryona’s courtyard as a haven of kindness, love and forgiveness.

3. Waking up one night in the smoke that Matryona rushed to save?

4. After Matryona’s death, her sister-in-law said about her: “...stupid, she helped strangers for free.” Were people strangers to Matryona? What is the name of this feeling, on which Rus' still rests, according to Solzhenitsyn?

5. Indicate the second title of Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor”

A) “The incident at Krechetovka station”

B) "Fire"

C) “A village is not worthwhile without the righteous”

D) “business as usual”

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 5

A) highlight the hero’s solidity, dignity, and strength.

B) show the resilience of the once “resin hero” who did not waste his spiritual kindness and generosity;

C) more clearly reveal the hero’s anger, hatred, and greed.

2. The narrator is:

A) an artistically generalized character showing the full picture of events;

B) the character of the story, with his own life story, self-characterization and speech;

B) neutral narrator.

3. What did Matryona feed her tenant??

4. Continue.“But Matryona was by no means fearless. She was afraid of fire, she was afraid of lightning, and most of all for some reason....”

a) “Torfoprodukt Village”

b) “A village is not worthwhile without a righteous person”

c) “Tulleless Matryona”

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 6

1. Depicting the crying of relatives for the deceased Matryona,

A) shows the closeness of the heroes to the Russian national epic;

B) shows the tragedy of events;

C) reveals the essence of the heroine’s sisters, who are crying over Matryona’s inheritance.

2. A tragic omen of events can be considered:

A) the loss of a lame cat;

B) loss of home and everything connected with it;

C) discord in relations with sisters.

3. Matryona's clock was 27 years old and it was in a hurry all the time, why didn't this bother the owner??

4. Who is Kira?

5. What is the tragedy of the ending? What does the author want to tell us? What worries him?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 7

1. Solzhenitsyn calls Matryona a righteous woman, without whom the village does not stand, according to the proverb. He came to this conclusion:

A) since Matryona always said the right words, they listened to her opinion;

B) because Matryona observed Christian customs;

C) when the image of Matryona became clear to him, close, like her life without the race for goodness, for clothes.

2. What words do the story “Matryonin’s Dvor” begin with?

3. What connects the story “Matryonin’s Dvor” and?

4. What was the original title of the story “Matryonin’s Dvor”?

5. What was hanging “on the wall for beauty” in Matryona’s house?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 8

1. Matryona cooked food in three cast iron pots. In one - for himself, in the other - for Ignatichu, and in the third -...?

3. What was the surest way for Matryona to regain her good mood?

4. What event or omen happened to Matryona at Epiphany?

5. Say Matryona’s full name .

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 9

1. What part of the house did Matryona bequeath to her pupil Kira??

2. What historical period is the story about?

a) after the revolution

b) after World War II

3. What music heard on the radio did Matryona like??

4. What kind of weather did Matryona call duel?

5. " From the red frosty sun, the frozen window of the entryway, now shortened, glowed slightly pink, and Matryona’s face was warmed by this reflection. Those people always have good faces, who....” Continue.

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 10

1. What was Thaddeus thinking as he stood at the tombs of his son and the woman he had once loved?

2. What is the main idea of the story?

a) depiction of the hardship of life of the peasantry of collective farm villages

b) the tragic fate of a village woman

c) loss of spiritual and moral foundations by society

d) displaying the type of eccentric in Russian society

3. Continue: “Misunderstood and abandoned even by her husband, who buried six children, but did not have a sociable disposition, a stranger to her sisters, sisters-in-law, funny, stupidly working for others for free - she did not accumulate property for death. A dirty white goat, a lanky cat, ficus trees...
We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the one....”

5. What artistic details help the author create the image of the main character?

a) lumpy cat

b) potato soup

c) a large Russian stove

d) silent but lively crowd of ficus trees

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 11

1. What is the meaning of the namestory?

a) the story is named after the place of action

b) Matrenin’s yard is a symbol of a special structure of life, a special world

c) a symbol of the destruction of the world of spirituality, goodness and mercy in the Russian village

2. What is the main idea of this story? What Solzhenitsyn puts into the image of the old woman Matryona?

3. What is the peculiarity of the image systemstory?

a) built on the principle of pairing characters

b) the heroes surrounding Matryona are selfish, callous, they took advantage of the kindness of the main character

c) emphasizes the loneliness of the main character

d) designed to highlight the character of the main character

4. Write what Matryona's fate was.

5. How did Matryona live? Was she happy in life??

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 12

1. Why didn't Matryona have children?

2. What was Thaddeus worried about after the death of his son and his former beloved woman?

3. What did Matryona bequeath?

4. How can you characterize the image of the main character?

a) a naive, funny and stupid woman who has worked for others for free all her life

b) an absurd, poor, wretched old woman abandoned by everyone

c) a righteous woman who has not sinned in any way against the laws of morality

a) in artistic details

b) in a portrait

c) the nature of the description of the event underlying the story

e) the heroine’s internal monologues

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 13

1. Which type of traditional thematic classification does this story belong to?

1) Village 2) military prose 3) intellectual prose 4) urban prose

2. What type of literary heroes can Matryona be classified as?

1) an extra person, 2) a small person, 3) a premature person 4) a righteous person

3. The story “Matryonin’s Dvor” was written in the traditions of:

4. The house destruction episode is:

1) plot 2) exposition 3) climax 4) denouement

5. Traditions of what ancient genre can be found in the story “Matryonin’s Dvor”?

1) parables 2) epics 3) epics 4) lives

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard"

Option 14

1. What is the original title of the story?

1) “Life is not based on lies” 2) “A village is not worth it without a righteous person” 3) “Be kind!” 4) “The Death of Matryona”

2. The specific subject of the narrative, designated by the pronoun “I” and the first person of the verb, the protagonist of the work, the mediator between the image of the author and the reader is called:

3. Words found in the story "problem", “to the terrible”, “upper room” are called:

1) professional 2) dialectal 3) words with figurative meaning

4. Name the technique that the author uses when depicting the characters of Matryona and Thaddeus:

1) antithesis 2) mirror composition 3) comparison

5. The technique of arranging images with a gradual increase in significance, which the author uses at the end of the story ( village - city - all the land is ours), called:

1) hyperbole 2) gradation 3) antithesis 4) comparison

Answers:

Option 1

1 – a

3 – in

4 – a

5 – b

Option 2

2-gradation

3 - About the Russian stove.

Option 3

3. “I didn’t feel sorry for the upper room itself, which stood idle, just as Matryona never felt sorry for her work or her goods. And this room was still bequeathed to Kira. But it was scary for her to start breaking the roof under which she had lived for forty years.”

4. teacher

Option 4

3. She began to throw ficus trees on the floor so that they would not suffocate from the smoke.

4. Righteous

Option 5

1. V

2. 2.

3. “Unhulled cardboard soup”, “cardboard soup” or barley porridge.

4. Trains.

5. b

Option 6

3. If only they didn’t lag behind, so as not to be late in the morning.”

4. Kindergarten

5. Matryona perishes - Matryonin’s yard perishes - Matryonin’s world is the special world of the righteous. The world of spirituality, kindness, mercy, which was also written about. No one even thinks that with the departure of Matryona, something valuable and important leaves life. Righteous Matryona is the writer’s moral ideal, on which the life of society should be based. All of Matryona’s actions and thoughts were consecrated with a special holiness, not always understandable to those around her. The fate of Matryona is firmly connected with the fate of the Russian village. There are fewer and fewer Matryons in Rus', and without them “ don't stand the village" The final words of the story return to the original title - “ A village is not worth it without a righteous man"and fill the story about the peasant woman Matryona with a deep generalizing, philosophical meaning. Village- a symbol of moral life, the national roots of man, the village - all of Russia.

Option 7

1. IN

2. “At one hundred and eighty-fourth kilometer from Moscow along the line that goes to Murom and Kazan, for a good six months after that all the trains slowed down, as if to the touch.”

3. It was he who gave it this name.

4. A village cannot stand without a righteous man.”

5. Ruble posters about the book trade and the harvest.

Option 8

1. Kose.

2. About electricity.

3. Job.

4. The pot with holy water has disappeared.

5. Grigorieva Matryona Vasilievna.

Option 9

1. Upper room.

2. d) 1956

2. Romances by Glinka.

3. Blizzard.

4. “At peace with your conscience.”

Option 10

1. “His high forehead was darkened by a heavy thought, but this thought was to save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryona sisters.”

2. V)

3. “...a righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand.”

4. What are Matryona's strengths and weaknesses? What did Ignatich understand for himself?

5. e) “radiant”, “kind”, “apologetic” smile

Option 11

1. V

2. the moral ideal of the writer on which the life of society should be based. All of Matryona’s actions and thoughts were consecrated with a special holiness, not always understandable to those around her. The fate of Matryona is firmly connected with the fate of the Russian village. There are fewer and fewer Matryons in Rus', and without them “ don't stand the village»

Option 12

1. They died

2. save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryona sisters.”

3. The true meaning of life, humble

4. IN

Rated the book

So few words, but so much depth in them.
Sometimes a person lives in this world, bringing only light and goodness to people, but in the end no one cares about him, he finds himself abandoned to the mercy of fate and in his declining years there is even no one to give him water. The feeling of uselessness permeates a person through and through. You won’t hear a kind word about Matryona Vasilyevna in the village, either from relatives or fellow villagers. A creature misunderstood and abandoned by everyone. Having buried six children and lost her husband in the war, this did not break her, and she did not climb into a noose, she continued to live, having stepped over all the misfortunes and vicissitudes of fate. However, this was not enough for the villainous fate; she decided to take away from her the very last, dear thing left in her life - the hut, under whose roof she spent 40 years. It goes without saying that nothing good can be expected from such a turn of events.

The people in this story amazed me. Their whole greedy essence, when property, both movable and immovable, is more expensive than a person. People will do anything to achieve their selfish and material goals. Alas, the story will never lose its relevance. It was, is and will always be so.

Matryona’s fate sunk deep into my soul also because in this character I saw my grandmother, dear and beloved. She is just as hardworking, selfless and generous, in whose life her family and friends always come first. Unfortunately, people have long forgotten how to value these qualities in a person.

We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous person without whom, according to the proverb, the village would not stand.
Neither the city.
Not all the land is ours.

Reading the story, watching the tragic fate of Matryona Vasilyevna, is sad and painful, because it is based on real events. After it, I wanted the impossible: for people to open their eyes wider and see beyond their noses, not money, not houses, not cars, not expensive clothes, but a person - open, forgiving and kind-hearted.

Rated the book

Finally got to Solzhenitsyn. At school, just this surname alone brought to mind something complex, terrifying, an unconquered peak. And so, Alexander Isaevich, who quietly passed by me during my school years, entered my life now and, I think, quite timely. I’ve been wanting to read “The Gulag Archipelago” for a long time, but I’m glad that I started getting acquainted with the author not with this work, but with a short story. In small steps, starting with small stories and delving into the difficult history of the author’s life, we reach the key works in Solzhenitsyn’s creative work.

Events take place in the 50s. The hero of the story, released from prison, is looking for a quiet haven for himself and stops in a small village deep in the wilderness. There he is hired as a lodger for an elderly, lonely woman, Matryona. I don’t know what kind of technique Solzhenitsyn used, but the feeling of reality did not leave me. It’s as if I’m standing behind a screen or curtain and watching what’s happening in the hut. And there the old woman is dragging huge pieces of peat on her hump, which it is shameful to steal, because the authorities do not allow it to be obtained in an honest way; and the stew is bad; and where do you get good ones from when even potatoes grow no bigger than a chicken egg; pension is not paid; try to get involved - you'll run around all the desks, and you'll end up with your nose. Has much changed in this matter?

These efforts were made more difficult by the fact that the social security service from Talnov was twenty kilometers to the east, the village council was ten kilometers to the west, and the village council was an hour’s walk to the north. They chased her from office to office for two months - now for a period, now for a comma. Each passage is a day. He goes to the village council, but the secretary is not there today, just like that, as happens in villages. Tomorrow, then, go again. Now there is a secretary, but he does not have a seal. The third day, go again. And go on the fourth day because they signed blindly on the wrong piece of paper; Matryona’s pieces of paper are all pinned together in one bundle.

Six decades have passed, but everything is the same. And I felt a true Russian flavor in all this. And a broken chamber, and moonshine, and iron tracks, and mourners. That's it. I read the story and it was as if I was spying on someone else’s life. And, as it turned out, there was a real prototype. There was her, Matryona. That is why reality is felt. I didn’t regret at all that I spent two hours on one of the millions of Russian destinies.

History of creation and publication

The story began at the end of July - beginning of August 1959 in the village of Chernomorskoye in western Crimea, where Solzhenitsyn was invited by friends in Kazakhstan exile by the spouses Nikolai Ivanovich and Elena Alexandrovna Zubov, who settled there in 1958. The story was completed in December of the same year.

Before Solzhenitsyn’s arrival today, I re-read his “Righteous Woman” since five in the morning. Oh my god, writer. No jokes. A writer who is solely concerned with expressing what lies “at the core” of his mind and heart. Not a shadow of a desire to “hit the bull’s eye”, to please, to make the task of an editor or critic easier - whatever you want, get out of it, but I won’t get out of my way. I can only go further.

The name “Matryonin Dvor” was proposed by Alexander Tvardovsky before publication and approved during an editorial discussion on November 26, 1962:

“The title shouldn’t be so edifying,” argued Alexander Trifonovich. “Yes, I have no luck with names,” Solzhenitsyn responded, however rather good-naturedly.

Plot

Matryona's fate, about which she does not immediately, not considering it interesting for a “cultured” person, sometimes tells the guest in the evenings, fascinates and at the same time stuns him. He sees a special meaning in her fate, which Matryona’s fellow villagers and relatives do not notice. My husband went missing at the beginning of the war. He loved Matryona and did not beat her, like the village husbands of their wives. But it’s unlikely that Matryona herself loved him. She was supposed to marry her husband's older brother, Thaddeus. However, he went to the front in the First World War and disappeared. Matryona was waiting for him, but in the end, at the insistence of Thaddeus’s family, she married her younger brother, Efim. And then Thaddeus, who was in Hungarian captivity, suddenly returned. According to him, he did not hack Matryona and her husband to death with an ax only because Efim is his brother. Thaddeus loved Matryona so much that he found a new bride with the same name. The “second Matryona” gave birth to six children to Thaddeus, but all the children from Efim (also six) of the “first Matryona” died without even living for three months. The whole village decided that Matryona was “corrupted,” and she herself believed it. Then she took in the daughter of the “second Matryona”, Kira, and raised her for ten years, until she got married and left for the village of Cherusti.

Hence the absurdly tragic end of the story. Matryona dies while helping Thaddeus and his sons drag part of their own hut, bequeathed to Kira, across the railroad on a sleigh. Thaddeus did not want to wait for Matryona’s death and decided to take away the inheritance for the young people during her lifetime. Thus, he unwittingly provoked her death. When relatives bury Matryona, they cry out of obligation rather than from the heart, and think only about the final division of Matryona’s property. Thaddeus doesn't even come to the wake.

Characters and prototypes

Notes

Literature

A. Solzhenitsyn. Matryonin's yard and other stories. Texts of stories on the official website of Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Zhukhovitsky L. Looking for a co-author! // Literary Russia. - 1964. - January 1
Brovman Gr. Is it necessary to be a co-author? // Literary Russia. - 1964. - January 1
Poltoratsky V. “Matryonin Dvor” and its surroundings // Izvestia. - 1963. - March 29
Sergovantsev N. The tragedy of loneliness and “continuous life” // October. - 1963. - No. 4. - P. 205.
Ivanova L. Must be a citizen // Lit. gas. - 1963. - May 14
Meshkov Yu. Alexander Solzhenitsyn: Personality. Creation. Time. - Ekaterinburg, 1993
Suprunenko P. Recognition... oblivion... fate... Experience of a reader's study of the work of A. Solzhenitsyn. - Pyatigorsk, 1994
Chalmaev V. Alexander Solzhenitsyn: Life and Creativity. - M., 1994.
Kuzmin V.V. Poetics of stories by A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Monograph. - Tver: TvGU, 1998. Without ISBN.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Stories and novellas	One day of Ivan Denisovich (1959) · Matryonin yard (1959) · Right hand (1960) · The incident at Kochetovka station (1963) · For the good of the cause (1963) · Zakhar-Kalita (1965) · What a pity (1965) · Easter procession (1966) · Tiny (1958-1963, 1996-1999)
Novels	In the first circle (1955-1958) · Cancer building (1963-1966)
Memories	A calf butted heads with an oak tree (1967-1974) · A grain landed between two millstones
Poems, poems	Dorozhenka (1947–1952) · Prussian nights (1947–1952)
Dramaturgy	Feast of the Winners (1951-1953) · Prisoners (1952-1953) · Deer and bowerbird (1954)
Essays and journalism	It’s not the custom to whiten cabbage soup with tar, that’s why sour cream (1965) · Peace and violence (1973) · On the return of breathing and consciousness (1974) · Repentance and self-restraint as categories of national life (1974) · Education (1974) · Don't live by lies (1974) · Shredding Freedom (1976) · Our pluralists (1982) · ...Your tripod is shaking (1984) · How can we arrange Russia? (1990) · Russia in collapse (1998) · Reflections on the February Revolution (2007)
Other	Gulag Archipelago (1973) · Red wheel · The Russian question towards the end of the 20th century (1994) · Russian language extension dictionary (1990-2000) · Two hundred years together (2001-2002)
Film adaptations	One day of Ivan Denisovich (1970) · In the first circle (2006)

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Matryonin Dvor is the second of Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s stories published in the magazine “New World”. Andrei Sinyavsky called this work the “fundamental thing” of all Russian “village” literature. The author's title of the story “The village is not worth it... ... Wikipedia

Wikipedia has articles about other people with this last name, see Solzhenitsyn. Alexander Solzhenitsyn ... Wikipedia