English scientific literature in the field of linguistics. Literary Studies and Linguistics
1. Alpatov, V.M. The history of one myth: Marr and Marrism (Soviet linguistics of the Stalin era) / V.M. Alpatov. - M.: URSS, 2011. - 288 p.
2. Barannikova, L.I. Introduction to linguistics: Textbook. 2nd ed. / L.I. Barannikova. - M.: Librocom Book House, 2010. - 392 p.
3. Berezin, M.F. General linguistics. Textbook for universities / M.F. Berezin, V.I. Golovin. - M.: Alliance, 2014. - 416 p.
4. Vendina, T.I. Introduction to linguistics: Textbook for academic undergraduates. 4th ed., trans. and additional / T.I. Vendina. - Lyubertsy: Yurayt, 2016. - 333 p.
5. Vendina, T.I. Introduction to linguistics: Textbook / T.I. Vendina. - M.: Higher. school, 2010. - 391 p.
6. Danilenko, V.P. General linguistics and history of linguistics: Course of lectures. 2nd ed., erased / V.P. Danilenko. - M.: Flinta, 2015. - 272 p.
7. Danilenko, V.P. Introduction to linguistics: A course of lectures. 2nd ed., erased / V.P. Danilenko. - M.: Flinta, 2015. - 288 p.
8. Desnitskaya, A.V. Comparative linguistics and history of languages. Series “Linguistic Heritage of the 20th Century” / A.V. Desnitskaya. - M.: URSS, 2004. - 352 p.
9. Kamchatnov, A.M. Introduction to linguistics: Textbook. 10th ed., erased / A.M. Kamchatnov, N.A. Nikolina. - M.: Flinta, 2016. - 232 p.
10. Katsnelson, S.D. General and typological linguistics / S.D. Katsnelson. - M.: Librocom Book House, 2010. - 344 p.
11. Kodukhov, V.I. Introduction to linguistics: Textbook for universities / V.I. Kodukhov. - M.: Alliance, 2011. - 288 p.
12. Kodukhov, V.I. Introduction to linguistics: Textbook for universities / V.I. Kodukhov. - M.: Alliance, 2012. - 288 p.
13. Kodukhov, V.I. Introduction to linguistics: Textbook for universities / V.I. Kodukhov. - M.: Alliance, 2016. - 288 p.
14. Kodukhov, V.I. General linguistics: Textbook / V.I. Kodukhov; Preface I.A. Tsyganova. - M.: LIBROKOM, 2013. - 304 p.
15. Kodukhov, V.I. General linguistics / V.I. Kodukhov. - M.: Librocom Book House, 2013. - 304 p.
16. Kochergina, V.A. Introduction to linguistics. 2nd ed. / V.A. Kochergina. - M.: Academic project, 2006. - 272 p.
17. Kochergina, V.A. Introduction to linguistics: Fundamentals of phonetics-phonology. Grammar / V.A. Kochergina. - M.: Librocom Book House, 2015. - 272 p.
18. Kudryavsky, D.N. Introduction to linguistics / D.N. Kudryavsky. - M.: Librocom Book House, 2009. - 144 p.
19. Kulikova, I.S. Theory of language: introduction to linguistics: Workbook on phonetics, grammar and vocabulary / I.S. Kulikova, D.V. Salmina. - M.: SAGA, Forum, 2011. - 48 p.
20. Kulikova, I.S. Theory of language: introduction to linguistics: Methodological support of the educational and methodological complex / I.S. Kulikova. - M.: SAGA, Forum, 2011. - 64 p.
21. Kulikova, I.S. Introduction to linguistics in 2 parts, part 2. textbook for academic undergraduate studies / I.S. Kulikova, D.V. Salmina. - Lyubertsy: Yurayt, 2016. - 339 p.
22. Kulikova, I.S. Introduction to linguistics in 2 parts, part 1. textbook for academic undergraduate studies / I.S. Kulikova, D.V. Salmina. - Lyubertsy: Yurayt, 2016. - 366 p.
23. Kulikova, I.S. Introduction to linguistics: Textbook for bachelors / I.S. Kulikova, D.V. Salmina. - M.: Yurayt, 2013. - 699 p.
24. Kurbanov, A.M. General linguistics: in 3 volumes. T. 2 / A.M. Kurbanov. - M.: Prospekt, 2014. - 312 p.
25. Kurbanov, A.M. General linguistics: in 3 volumes. T. 3 / A.M. Kurbanov. - M.: Prospekt, 2014. - 376 p.
26. Kurbanov, A.M. General linguistics: in 3 volumes. T. 1 / A.M. Kurbanov. - M.: Prospekt, 2014. - 424 p.
27. Levitsky, Yu.A. General linguistics / Yu.A. Levitsky. - M.: Librocom Book House, 2014. - 266 p.
28. Levitsky, Yu.A. General linguistics: Textbook / Yu.A. Levitsky. - M.: Librocom Book House, 2014. - 266 p.
29. Mechkovskaya, N.B. General linguistics. Structural and social typology of languages. 8th ed. / N.B. Mechkovskaya. - M.: Flinta, 2011. - 312 p.
30. Nemchenko, V.N. Introduction to linguistics 2nd ed., trans. and additional textbook for academic bachelor's degree / V.N. Nemchenko. - Lyubertsy: Yurait, 2016. - 494 p.
31. Nemchenko, V.N. Introduction to linguistics: Textbook for universities / V.N. Nemchenko. - M.: Yurayt, 2013. - 679 p.
32. Osipova, L.I. Introduction to linguistics: A textbook for students of institutions of higher professional education / L.I. Osipova. - M.: IC Academy, 2013. - 256 p.
33. Selishchev, A.M. Slavic linguistics: West Slavic languages / A.M. Selishchev. - M.: Librocom Book House, 2014. - 472 p.
34. Semerenyi, O. Introduction to comparative linguistics. Per. with him. / O. Semerenyi. - M.: URSS, 2010. - 400 p.
35. Uspensky, V.A. Works on Non-Mathematics: Linguistics: In 5 books: Book 3 / V.A. Uspensky. - M.: OGI, 2013. - 711 p.
36. Chemodanov, N.S. Comparative linguistics in Russia: Essay on the development of the comparative-historical method in Russian linguistics / N.S. Suitcases. - M.: Librocom Book House, 2010. - 96 p.
2. Amirova, T.A. From the history of linguistics of the twentieth century / T.A. Amirova. - M.: CheRo, 1999. - 106 p.
3. Blinov Reader on the course “Introduction to linguistics”. For students of philological faculties / Blinov et al. - M.: Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University, 1998. - 326 p.
4. Bogatova, G.A. History of the word as an object of Russian historical lexicography / G.A. Bogatova. - M.: Nauka, 1984. - 256 p.
5. Boursier, E. Fundamentals of Romance linguistics / E. Boursier. - M.: Editorial URSS, 2004. - 680 p.
6. V.N., et al. Twilight of linguistics. From the history of Russian linguistics. Anthology / ed. Bazylev, V.N. And. - M.: Academia, 2001. - 576 p.
7. Vartanyan, E.A. Journey into the Word: monograph. / E.A. Vartanyan. - M.: Enlightenment; 2nd edition, revised, 1982. - 223 p.
8. Vinogradov, V.V. Problems of Russian stylistics / V.V. Vinogradov. - M.: Higher School, 1981. - 320 p.
9. Voilova, K.A. Handbook-workshop on the Russian language / K.A. Voilova, N.G. Goltsova. - M.: Education, 1996. - 304 p.
10. Humboldt, V. Selected works on linguistics / V. Humboldt. - M.: Progress, 2000. - 400 p.
11. Gusev Russian esoteric hermeneutics / Gusev, Andrey. - M.: Sport and Culture-2000, 2008. - 300 p.
12. Gusev Secrets of time or horary numerology / Gusev, Andrey. - M.: Sport and Culture-2000, 2008. - 120 p.
13. Dieringer, D. Alphabet / D. Dieringer. - M.: Editorial URSS, 2004. - 656 p.
14. Zvegintsev, V.A. Volume 3. Foreign linguistics / ed. V.Yu. Rosenzweig, V.A. Zvegintsev, B.Yu. Gorodetsky. - M.: Progress, 1999. - 352 p.
15. Zvegintseva, V.A. Volume 1. Foreign linguistics / V.A. Zvegintseva, N.S. Suitcase. - M.: Progress, 1999. - 308 p.
16. Irzabekov The mystery of the Russian word. Notes of a non-Russian person / Irzabekov, Vasily. - M.: Danilov Monastery, 2008. - 200 p.
17. Kodzasov, S.V. General phonetics / S.V. Kodzasov, O.F. Krivnova. - M.: RGTU, 2001. - 592 p.
18. Kostomarov, V.G. Life of language / V.G. Kostomarov. - M.: Pedagogy, 1984. - 144 p.
19. Maruso Dictionary of linguistic terms / Maruso, Jules. - M.: URSS, 2004. - 440 p.
20. Melnikov, G.P. Systemic typology of languages. Principles, methods, models / G.P. Melnikov. - M.: Nauka, 2003. - 395 p.
21. Mechkovskaya, N.B. Social linguistics / N.B. Mechkovskaya. - M.: Aspect Press, 1996. - 207 p.
22. Mikhelson, M.I. Russian thought and speech. Yours and someone else's. Experience of Russian phraseology. Collection of figurative words and allegories / M.I. Mikhelson. - M.: Terra, 1994. - 764 c.
23. Novikov, L.N. The art of words / L.N. Novikov. - M.: Pedagogy; 2nd edition, 1991. - 144 p.
24. Papina, A.F. Text: its units and global categories / A.F. Dad's. - M.: Editorial URSS, 2002. - 368 p.
25. Pleschenko, T.P. Stylistics and culture of speech / T.P. Pleschenko, N.V. Fedotova, R.G. Taps. - M.: Mn: TetraSystems, 2001. - 544 p.
26. Rosenthal, D.E. Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms / D.E. Rosenthal, M.A. Telenkova. - M.: Enlightenment; 3rd edition, rev. and additional, 1985. - 399 p.
27. Slavic antiquities / ed. N.I. Tolstoy. - M.: International Relations, 1999. - 201 c.
28. Stylistics of artistic speech / ed. L. Tarasova. - M.: Kalinin, 1982. - 172 p.
29. Trubetskoy, N.S. Fundamentals of phonology / N.S. Trubetskoy. - M.: Aspect Press, 2000. - 352 p.
30. Uspensky A word about words. Why not otherwise? / Uspensky, Lev. - M.: Children's literature, 1984 . - 718 c.
The question of glottogenesis - the origin of language - is essentially a question from the category of eternal mysteries about the origin of man or life in general. It is naturally impossible to give an exact answer to this. And neither linguistics nor genetics, anthropology and psychology, which came to its aid in the 20th century, can help with this. There are a lot of completely opposite versions regarding all aspects of the origin of language: date, root cause, a single proto-language, the role of evolution in its formation, etc. Svetlana Burlak, a linguist involved in comparative linguistics and the study of dead languages, wrote a book in which the least amount of space seems to be given to linguistics itself. This once again proves that a solution to the problem of glottogenesis is hardly possible in the near future, since the exact sciences have only added new doubts and expanded the range of questions. Burlak herself speaks from the position of a classical evolutionist. The main thesis of her thorough research with an impressive list of materials used is that the emergence of language is an inevitable result of human development.
An interesting read for those who have never been able to learn even English. One of the authors of “The Magic of the Word” is Dmitry Petrov, a philologist, translator who worked with Gorbachev, Yeltsin and Putin, a linguist who knows more than thirty languages (and got into the Guinness Book of Records with this record. By the way, it was recently shown on the Culture TV channel a kind of reality show in which Petrov taught English to public figures using his own system. He developed his own psycholinguistic methodology and quite seriously believes that any person can learn any language, and without limiting himself in the number of these languages. an example of this. The book contains his conversations with journalist Vadim Boreyko, who experienced Petrov’s methodology and described his experience in their joint book, not forgetting to talk about language in general, about linguistics and ways of human self-realization through language.
A book that cannot be missed in this linguistic selection. Last year, for the book “Why are languages so different?” the famous linguist, professor of Moscow State University Vladimir Plungyan received the “Enlightener” literary prize. In a small statement, Plungyan called his book an attempt to introduce the basics of modern linguistics and added that he originally wrote it for children. But in the end, the book turned out, of course, for adults - and it became a rare example of good Russian non-fiction. It turns out that Plungyan not only wrote an entertaining science fiction book about how and according to what laws languages change, how many of them exist and how they are structured, but also, perhaps without knowing it, he revealed the secret of creating a high-quality example of Russian non-fiction - write, focusing on children's perception.
Linguist and psychologist Steven Pinker, who is sometimes called the popularizer of the ideas of perhaps the most famous living American linguist Noam Chomsky, wrote his main work “Language as Instinct” back in 1994, which was translated into Russian only two years ago. This is also a kind of “introduction to the basics,” but not into theoretical linguistics, but rather into different versions of the same glottogenesis discussed in “The Origin of Language.” For Pinker, language is the result of natural selection, a kind of “instinct” formed in the process of evolution.
In all works on linguistics and related sciences, in which the problem of the origin of language is raised, the topic of the existence of a certain proto-language that was once spoken by our ancestors is touched upon in one way or another. Two opposing points of view look something like this: 1) most likely, a proto-language existed, since all languages without exception have common principles; 2) most likely, there has never been a single language for all of humanity, and the general principles of all languages are connected only with the similarities of human thinking. The representative of the first group of researchers working towards the search and reconstruction of our proto-language was the outstanding Soviet and Russian linguist Sergei Starostin. Some of the results of his research in this area are presented in the preface to the collection of scientific articles, the authors of which attempt to reconstruct this very proto-language. A most interesting publication, from which you can learn, in particular, about the roots and syllables of our proto-language, about the deep etymology of many concepts, names and titles, and come closer to understanding how some people master several dozen languages.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF RUSSIA
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution
higher professional education
"Chelyabinsk State University"
(Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Chemical State University")
Kostanay branch
Department of Philology
APPROVED
meeting of the Department of Philology
in the discipline "Introduction to Linguistics"
Chairman method. commission __________________ S.N. Mashkova
References
Main
Vendina, T.I. Introduction to linguistics [Text]: textbook / T.I. Vendina.- 3rd ed., erased: Higher. school, 2010.
Maslov, Yu.S. Introduction to linguistics [Text]: textbook / Yu.S. Maslov. - 5th ed., ster. - M.: Academy, 2007. - 303 p. Grif. MO
Reformatsky, A.A. Introduction to linguistics [Text]: textbook: Textbook for universities / A.A. Reformed; Edited by V.A. Vinogradov.- 5th ed., revised: Aspect Press, 2010.- (Classical textbook).
Additional
Alisova, T. B. Introduction to Romance philology [Text]: textbook / T. B. Alisova. - 999.- M.: Higher. education, 2007.- 453 p.
Girutsky, A.A. Introduction to linguistics [Text]: textbook: A manual for university students / A.A. Girutsky. - 4th ed., additional: TetraSystems, 2008.
Kamchatnov, A.M., Nikolina N.A. Introduction to linguistics [Text]: textbook / A.M. Kamchatnov, N.A. Nikolina.- 9th ed.: Flint, Science, 2010.- (For students, graduate students, philologist teachers).
Kasevich, V. B. Introduction to linguistics [Text]: a textbook for students of institutions of higher professional education / V. B. Kasevich. – 2nd ed., rev. and additional – St. Petersburg: Faculty of Philology of St. Petersburg State University; I.: Academy, 2011. – 240 p.
Kodukhov, V. I. Introduction to linguistics [Text]: textbook / V. I. Kodukhov, 2010.
Kulikova, I.S. Theory of language: introduction to linguistics [Text]/ I.S. Kulikova, D.V. Salmina. - St. Petersburg. ; M.: SAGA; Forum, 2009.- 64 p.
Peretrukhin, V.N. Introduction to linguistics [Text]: textbook: Course of lectures / V.N. Peretrukhin. - 4th ed., revised: LIBROKOM, 2010.
Radbil, T.B. Basics of studying linguistic mentality [Text]: textbook / T.B. Radbil.- M.: Flinta; Science, 2010.- 328 p.
Stepanov, Yu. S. Fundamentals of general linguistics [Text]: textbook. Ed. 3rd. – M.: Librocom, 2011. – 272 p.
Susov, I.P. Introduction to linguistics [Text]: textbook: Textbook for students of linguistic and philological specialties / I.P. Susov: AST: East-West, 2009.- (Linguistics and intercultural communication: Golden Series).
Charykova O.N. Fundamentals of the theory of language and communication [Text]: textbook / O.N. Charykova, Z. D. Popova, I. A. Sternin. – M.: Flint; Science, 2012. – 312 p.
Shaikevich, A. Ya.. Introduction to linguistics [Text]: textbook / A. Ya. Shaikevich, 2010.
Shor R. O., Chemodanov N. S. Introduction to linguistics / Ed. ed. I. I. Meshchaninova. Ed. 2nd, add. – M.: Librocom, 2010. – 288 p.
Literature for practical classes
Norman B.Yu. Assignments in linguistics, Minsk: Verbum-M, 2007 – 234 p.
Dictionaries and reference books:
Akhmanova O.S. Dictionary of linguistic terms. – M.: KomKniga, 2007. – 576 p.
Birikh A.K. Russian phraseology. Historical and etymological dictionary: ca. 6000 phraseological units. - 3rd ed. reworked and additional - M.: Astrel, 2007. – 926 p.
Lopatin V.V., Lopatina L.E. Explanatory dictionary of modern Russian language / V.V. Lopatin, L.E. Lopatina. – M.: Eksmo, 2008. – 928 p.
New dictionary of foreign words: Dictionary/Comp. M. Sitnikova. – 3rd ed.: - Rostov n/d.: Phoenix, 2009. – 300 p.
Soloviev N.V. Dictionary of correct Russian speech: approx. 40,000 words: more than 400 comments. – M.: AST: Astrel, 2008. – 960 p.
Studiner M.A. Dictionary of exemplary Russian accent / M.A. Studiner. – 5th ed., rev. and additional – M.: Iris-press, 2008. – 576 p.
Encyclopedic dictionary-directory of linguistic terms and concepts. Russian language: in 2 volumes. T. 1./ under general. ed. A.N. Tikhonova, R.I. Khashimova. – M.: Flinta: Nauka, 2008. – 840 p.
Encyclopedic dictionary-directory of linguistic terms and concepts. Russian language: in 2 volumes. T. 2./ under general. ed. A.N. Tikhonova, R.I. Khashimova. – M.: Flinta: Nauka, 2008. – 840 p.
Spelling dictionary of the Russian language. Bukchina B.V., Sazonova I.K., Cheltsova L.K. – M.: “Ast-Press”, 2008. – 1288 p.
Grammar dictionary of the Russian language. Word formation. Zaliznyak A.A. – M.: “Ast-Press”, 2008. – 794 p.
Dictionary of accents of the Russian language. Reznichenko I.L. – M.: “Ast-Press”, 2008. – 943 p.
Large phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. Meaning. Usage: Linguistic and cultural commentary. Telia V.N. – M.: “Ast-Press”, 2008. – 782 p.
Literary criticism is one of two philological sciences - the science of literature. Another philological science, the science of language, is linguistics, or linguistics (Latin lingua - language). These sciences have much in common: both of them, each in their own way, study the phenomena of literature. Therefore, over the past centuries they have developed in close connection with each other, under the general name “philology” (Greek phileo - love and logos - word).
Essentially, literary criticism and linguistics are different sciences, since they set themselves different cognitive tasks. Linguistics studies all kinds of phenomena of literature, or more precisely, the phenomena of verbal activity of people, in order to establish in them the features of the natural development of those languages spoken and written by various peoples around the world. Literary studies studies the fiction of various peoples of the world in order to understand the features and patterns of its own content and the forms that express them.
Nevertheless, literary studies and linguistics constantly interact with each other and help each other. Along with other phenomena of literature, fiction serves as very important material for linguistic observations and conclusions about the general characteristics of the languages of certain peoples. But the peculiarities of the languages of artistic works, like any other, arise in connection with the peculiarities of their content. And literary criticism can give linguistics a lot for understanding these substantive features of fiction, which explain the inherent features of language. But for its part, literary criticism in the study of the form of works of art cannot do without knowledge of the characteristics and history of the languages in which these works are written. Here linguistics comes to his aid. This assistance varies when studying literature at different stages of its development.
The subject of literary criticism is not only fiction, but also all the artistic literature of the world - written and oral. In the earliest eras of the historical life of peoples, they had no “literature” at all. Literature for each people arose only when it somehow mastered writing - created or borrowed a certain system of signs for recording individual statements or entire verbal works. Before the creation or assimilation of writing, all peoples created verbal works orally, stored them in their collective memory and disseminated them through oral transmission. This is how they came up with all sorts of fairy tales, legends, songs, proverbs, conspiracies, etc.
In science, all works of oral folk art are called “folklore” (English, folk - people, lore - knowledge, teaching). In each nation, the working masses continued to create works of oral creativity even after the emergence of national writing, which for a long time served primarily the ruling classes and state, as well as church institutions. Folklore developed in parallel with fiction, interacted with it and often had a great influence on it. It still exists today.
But fiction also had different possibilities for its existence and distribution in different historical eras. Peoples usually mastered writing at a time when their class system of society and state power were just emerging. However, for a long time they did not know how to print their verbal works. Among the most advanced peoples of Western Europe, printing began to spread only in the middle of the 15th century. Thus, in Germany, the first printer was Johann Gutenberg, who invented the printing press in 1440. In Russia, under Ivan IV (the Terrible), the first printer was deacon Ivan Fedorov, who opened his own printing house in Moscow in 1563. But his initiative did not receive wide recognition at that time, and printing developed in our country only at the beginning of the 18th century, during the reign of Peter I.
Copying large works by hand was a very time-consuming and painstaking task. It was carried out by scribes, often people of clergy rank. Their work was long, and the works existed in a relatively small number of copies - “lists”, of which many were made from other lists. At the same time, the connection with the original work was often lost; copyists often handled the text of the work freely, introducing their own amendments, additions, abbreviations, as well as accidental errors. Copyists signed the lists, and the names of the authors of the works were constantly forgotten. The authorship of some, sometimes the most significant works, for example, “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” has not yet been firmly established.
As a result, the scientific study of ancient and medieval literature is a very difficult matter. It requires finding manuscripts in ancient book depositories and archives, comparing various lists and editions of works, and dating them. Determining the time of creation of works and on the basis of their lists occurs by studying the material on which they are written, the manner of writing and handwriting of correspondence, the peculiarities of the language of the authors and the scribes themselves, the composition of facts, persons, events depicted or only mentioned in the works, etc. d. And here linguistics comes to the aid of literary criticism, giving it knowledge on the history of the development of certain languages, deciphering certain systems of signs and writing. On this basis, a separate philological discipline (part of science) arose, called “palaeography”, i.e. descriptions of antiquities (Greek palaios - ancient, grapho - writing). The study of ancient and medieval literatures of different peoples by literary scholars is impossible without in-depth knowledge of linguistics and paleography.
When studying the literature of recent centuries, help from linguistics is also required (but to a lesser extent).
The literary languages of various peoples, in which works of art were created and are being created, appearing relatively late, gradually develop historically. In them there is a change in the lexical composition and grammatical structure: some words become obsolete, others acquire a new meaning, new figures of speech appear, syntactic structures are used in a new way, etc. In addition, in their works writers often use to one degree or another ( in the speech of the characters, in the narration of the narrators) by local social dialects that differ in their vocabulary and grammar from the literary language of the same people. Based on linguistic knowledge, literary scholars must take all this into account when examining works.
But the creation of works of art and their appearance in print are often very complex processes. Often writers do not create their works immediately, but over a long period of time, making more and more amendments and additions to them, arriving at new versions and editions of the text. For example, several versions of Lermontov’s poem “The Demon”, two editions of “Taras Bulba” and “The Inspector General” by Gogol are known. For one reason or another, writers sometimes entrust the editing and preparation for publication of their works to other persons, who, showing their interests and tastes, make certain changes to the text. So, Turgenev, editing Fet's poems, corrected them in accordance with his aesthetic requirements. Katkov, publishing the novel “Fathers and Sons” by Turgenev in the magazine “Russian Messenger,” distorted its text to suit reactionary political views. Often the same work, both during the life of the writer and after his death, is published several times and in different editions. Thus, L. Tolstoy published the novel “War and Peace” three times with significant changes in the text. Often, censorship required the writer and editor to make changes and shortening the text, or even prohibited the appearance of certain works in print. Then the works remained in manuscripts, archives of writers, magazines, publishing houses, published either without the name of the author (anonymously), or abroad, in publishing houses of other countries. Thus, it has not yet been established with complete certainty who was the author of the poetic response to Pushkin sent from Siberia to “Message to Siberia” - A. Odoevsky or one of the other exiled Decembrists. The novel “Prologue,” written by Chernyshevsky in exile, could not appear in print in Russia and was published in London only many years after its creation.
Literary scholars often must carry out difficult and complex work to establish the authenticity of texts, their completeness and completeness, their compliance with the will of the author and his plans, their belonging to one writer and not another, etc.
Therefore, within literary criticism a special discipline has emerged, called “textual criticism.” If literary scholars studying ancient and medieval literature must master the relevant sections of linguistics and paleography, then literary scholars studying modern and modern literature must rely on linguistic research and textual data. Otherwise, they may make serious mistakes in understanding and evaluating works.
Introduction to literary criticism: Textbook. for philol.. special. un-tov / G.N. Pospelov, P.A. Nikolaev, I.F. Volkov and others; Ed. G.N. Pospelov. - 3rd ed., rev. and additional - M.: Higher. school, 1988. - 528 p.
