What vices of society are condemned in Dubrovsky’s novel. Analysis of the work "Dubrovsky" by Pushkin, images of heroes

In the story "Dubrovsky" Pushkin portrays two types of nobles. They are, by and large, the embodiment of good and evil. On the one hand, the writer draws Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, a noble nobleman. This is the image of an enlightened person. He is educated, smart, honest and noble. According to Pushkin, because this hero is educated, he has the best qualities of mind and heart. We can say with all confidence that this is the best representative of the nobility.

Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky was a very proud and honest man. Above all, he valued his good name and noble honor. This hero never humiliated himself before anyone, he always spoke the truth to his face. Dubrovsky held himself on an equal footing with Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, who was much richer and more noble than him. Dubrovsky treated his serfs strictly but fairly. He considered them the same people as the nobles.

Next to Dubrovsky, Pushkin depicts Troekurov. He is rich but uneducated. This hero is not worthy of the title of nobleman, so the writer speaks of him as a “Russian gentleman.” Thus, he emphasizes that there were many such Troekurovs in Russia.

This hero was arrogant, rude and cruel: “In his home life, Kirila Petrovich showed all the vices of an uneducated person. Spoiled by everything that surrounded him, he was accustomed to giving full rein to all the impulses of his ardent disposition and all the ideas of his rather limited mind.”

Kirila Petrovich is uneducated. Hence all his vices. Gluttony, drunkenness, cruelty, tyranny - this is an incomplete list of the qualities of this hero: “Despite the extraordinary strength of his physical abilities, he suffered from gluttony twice a week and was tipsy every evening.”

This “old Russian gentleman” was very rich, so he believed that he could mock other people. Kirila Petrovich Troekurov tormented not only his peasants: “16 maids lived in one of the wings of his house, doing handicrafts characteristic of their gender. The windows in the outbuilding were blocked by wooden bars; the doors were locked with locks, the keys to which were kept by Kiril Petrovich. The young hermits, at the appointed hours, went to the garden and walked under the supervision of two old women.”

Troekurov cruelly mocked his neighbors and guests. For example, the whole neighborhood knew his fun with the bear. This gentleman scared a new person in his circle with a wild beast.

Why does Pushkin portray Dubrovsky Sr. and Troekurov so different? Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky is a positive hero, Kirilla Petrovich Troekurov is a negative one. I think that with the help of these images the writer shows his ideal of a nobleman. He must have nobility, pride, self-esteem. Pushkin admires the fact that in his youth Dubrovsky refused the help of his influential and wealthy friend Troekurov. He did not want to return his fortune in this way, did not want to lose his freedom: “Dubrovsky, in an upset state, was forced to retire and settle in the rest of his village. Kirila Petrovich, having learned about this, offered him his patronage, but Dubrovsky thanked him and remained poor and independent.”

And later, when a serious quarrel occurred between him and Kirila Petrovich, the hero put his honest name and human dignity above all else. As a result, Dubrovsky lost everything. But he never regretted his choice.

According to Pushkin, a nobleman should be educated and enlightened. Neither power nor money can spoil such a person. But this is only the writer’s ideal. It shows that people like the Dubrovskys are the future of the country.

In reality, Pushkin saw the dominance of the Troyekurovs. Narcissistic and despots corrupted by power, who cannot benefit not only Russia, but also their loved ones. For the sake of their whim, their will, such people are ready to break someone else's fate and even life. Troekurov forcibly marries his daughter to an old but very rich prince: “The poor girl fell at his feet and began to sob. “Daddy... daddy...” she said in tears, and her voice died away. Kirila Petrovich hurried to bless her - they lifted her up and almost carried her into the carriage.”

Why does Pushkin depict the defeat of Dubrovsky Sr. and the triumph of Troekurov? Andrei Gavrilovich dies, having lost his Kistenevka. Troyekurov receives this village into his possessions. He realizes that in his domains he is god and king, and no one can dictate to him.

It seems to me that Pushkin thought that the Troekurovs were invincible, at least for now. There are a great many of them in Russia, they are a huge force. The Dubrovskys are negligible compared to them. But, in spite of everything, the future of Russia, according to the writer, lies only with the enlightened nobles. People like Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky.

Thus, by depicting two types of Russian nobility, two landowner families, Pushkin expresses his attitude to the problem of good and evil, to the problem of their existence in contemporary Russia.

One of the best works of A. S. Pushkin is the novel “Dubrovsky,” written in the adventure genre. In this work, the author gives a number of vivid images characteristic of the 19th century. One of them is Kirila Petrovich Troekurov.

Ardent disposition and rather limited mind

That's exactly what we can say about the hero briefly. The eldest Troekurov is a gentleman, of old upbringing, a retired general. He is a rich and famous widower throughout the area, who is raising an adult daughter of marriageable age. They are afraid of him. People around him begin to worry as soon as they hear his first or last name. They please him in the most insignificant whims, because they are afraid of incurring the wrath of the all-powerful landowner Troekurov.

Kirila Petrovich himself takes this behavior of others for granted. It shouldn’t be any other way, he believes. There are no differences for him; he behaves arrogantly with everyone. Without bothering anyone with his attention and visits, he demands the opposite of himself. He should be the center, all the attention of others should be directed to him.
This is a spoiled, proud and perverted person. The author embodied in his image all the vices of human dementia. Troekurov's description is a description of a man of short minds who cannot restrain his ardent temper and addictions.

Troekurov is allowed everything and he knows nothing is denied. He allows himself to treat others with disrespect. But his servants are devoted to him, as they understand his position well: Troekurov’s estate is the richest in the area, and the master himself enjoys unlimited power.

Relationship with Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky

Troekurov despises and humiliates those around him, and tries every time to show his superiority. However, in his relationship with the elder Dubrovsky, Troekurov’s character is shown differently. This independent, poor landowner evokes a feeling of respect in him. They had known each other for a long time, served together, became widowers almost simultaneously, each raised a child. Dubrovsky is the only person who could afford to express his own opinion under Troekurov.
But when Andrei Gavrilovich tries to point out that the people in Troekurov’s house live worse than dogs, the all-powerful master gets angry and begins to take revenge, choosing the most terrible way - to illegally take away the estate, crush the neighbor, forcing him to humiliate himself and submit to his power. Nothing is impossible for him because he is rich. He is not concerned about the moral side of the action.
His temper is known to everyone, and when it subsided a little and the landowner decided to forgive his former friend, it was too late. In an instant, the wayward and power-hungry master Troekurov managed to destroy destinies.

Father and daughter

The characterization of Troekurov from the novel “Dubrovsky” in his relationship with his daughter Masha is no less clearly revealed. Even despite his love for her, he makes no exceptions, treating his daughter the same as others. He is harsh and capricious, at some moments cruel, so Masha does not trust him with her feelings and experiences. She grew up reading books, which managed to replace communication with her cruel father.

The main goal of his life is wealth and he tries to get it in any way. Deciding to give his daughter as a wife to an old man who has a lot of money and power, he stops at nothing. Masha's happiness means nothing to her father - the main thing is to be rich and powerful.

The image of Troekurov in the novel “Dubrovsky” indicates the majority of human vices. This is callousness of the soul, and dementia, and depravity, and immoderate lust for power and greed.
But not everything in life is valued by wealth. Troyekurov’s story is instructive and the author makes you think about one simple truth, which was voiced by the priest at the beginning of the novel, at the funeral of Dubrovsky the elder: “Vanity of vanities... and they will sing eternal memory to Kiril Petrovich... will the funeral be richer... but does God care!”

Work test

1 option

In his story “Dubrovsky,” A. S. Pushkin touched on MANY pressing social issues that worried progressive educated people of the 19th century. One of them is the powerless position of serfs and the unpunished cruelty and arbitrariness of landowners towards them.

Kirila Petrovich Troekurov is one of the main characters of the story. This rich and spoiled “old Russian gentleman” combines ignorance and arrogance, self-righteousness and cruelty. He lives by the principle “he who is stronger and richer is right.” And since he has no shortage of money, all the neighbors have to put up with the cruel and stupid eccentricities of this idle reveler. Capricious, unrestrained, hot-tempered, “he was used to giving full rein to all the impulses of his ardent temper and all the ideas of his rather limited mind.”

“With the strong, the powerless are always to blame,” so Troekurov’s serfs suffered the most from Troekurov’s whims. While the lord's favorite dogs were groomed and cherished, “he treated the peasants and servants strictly and capriciously.” Punishments were often unfairly cruel, because serfs were not people for Troekurov.

By telling on the pages of the story about the amusements and customs of the powerful master, A.S. Pushkin thereby exposes and condemns the despotism and arbitrariness accepted in the rich estate, causing justified anger and indignation of the readers.

Option 2

The story “Dubrovsky” reflects many of the problems of Russian society that worried Pushkin: the arbitrariness and despotism of the landowners, the powerless position of the serfs, the unprincipledness of the royal court, the spread of spontaneous resistance of the masses.

Pushkin introduces us to a typical “old Russian gentleman” - Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, an uneducated, cruel, arrogant, spoiled man, accustomed to “giving full rein to all the impulses of his ardent disposition and all the ideas of a rather limited mind.”

The customs established in his rich estate are truly terrible. Troekurov, without hesitation, controls the destinies and souls of his serfs. His peasants and servants live much worse than the dogs in the kennel. It is also characteristic that the master loves to cruelly make fun of those around him, since most of all this stupid, swaggering man is amused when people find themselves in a funny situation.

Of course, in such situations they are not at all amused, but they are forced to overcome themselves, fearing to anger the influential and vindictive arrogant master.

I think it is quite natural that in the end Troekurov received a worthy rebuff in the person of Vladimir Dubrovsky. It’s just a pity that the young man never brought the matter of revenge to completion.

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What is good and what is evil? - disclosure of the theme in Pushkin’s work Dubrovsky

Troekurov cruelly mocked his neighbors and guests. For example, the whole neighborhood knew his fun with the bear. This gentleman scared a new person in his circle with a wild beast.

According to Pushkin, a nobleman should be educated and enlightened. Neither power nor money can spoil such a person. But this is only the writer's ideal. It shows that people like the Dubrovskys are the future of the country.

In reality, Pushkin saw the dominance of the Troyekurovs. Narcissistic and despots corrupted by power, who cannot benefit not only Russia, but also their loved ones. For the sake of their whim, their will, such people are ready to ruin someone else's fate and even life. Troekurov forcibly marries his daughter to an old but very rich prince: “The poor girl fell at his feet and began to sob. “Daddy... daddy...” she said in tears, and her voice died away. Kirila Petrovich hurried to bless her - they lifted her up and almost carried her into the carriage.”

Thus, by depicting two types of Russian nobility, two landowner families, Pushkin expresses his attitude to the problem of good and evil, to the problem of their existence in contemporary Russia.