Nekrasov biography for elementary school. Education and the beginning of a creative path
In his views, the poet considered himself a democrat, but his contemporaries were ambivalent about his ideas and views. Despite this, the great poet and publicist left behind a poetic legacy that allows him to be placed on a par with the greatest classical writers. Nekrasov’s creativity is highly appreciated all over the world, and his works have been translated into many languages.
Origin of the poet
It is known that Nikolai Alekseevich came from a family of nobles who once lived in the Yaroslavl province, where the poet’s grandfather Sergei Alekseevich Nekrasov lived for many years. But he had a slight weakness, which, unfortunately, was later passed on to the poet’s father - a love of gambling. So easily Sergei Alekseevich was able to lose most of the family’s capital, and his children were left with a modest inheritance.
This led to the fact that Alexei Nekrasov, the poet’s father, became an army officer and wandered around the garrisons. One day he met Elena Zakrevskaya, a rich and very pretty girl. He called her Polish. Alexey made an offer, but was refused, as the parents were preparing a more reliable and secure future for their daughter. But Elena Andreevna fell in love with a poor officer, so she did not accept her parents’ decision and got married secretly from them. Alexey Sergeevich was not rich, but he and his entire large family were not poor.
When in 1821 the regiment of Lieutenant Alexei Nekrasov was stationed in the Podolsk province, in the city of Nemirov, a boy Nikolai was born into the family. This event occurred on November 28th.
It must be said that the parents’ marriage was unhappy, so the child also suffered. When the poet subsequently recalls his childhood years, the image of his mother will always be sacrificial and suffering. Nikolai saw his mother as a victim of the rough and even depraved environment in which his father lived. Then he would dedicate many poetic works to his mother, because it was something bright and tender in his life. Nikolai's mother gave a lot to her children, of whom she had thirteen. She tried her best to surround them with warmth and love. All surviving children owe their education to her.
But there were other bright images in his childhood life. So, his reliable friend was his sister, with a fate similar to that of her mother. Nekrasov also dedicated his poems to her.
Childhood
Little Nikolai Nekrasov spent his entire childhood in the village of Greshnevo near Yaroslavl. The family settled on his grandfather's estate when the poet was barely three years old.
From an early age, the future poet saw how cruelly his father treated the peasants, how rude he was to his wife, and how often his father’s mistresses—serf girls—passed and changed before the boy’s eyes.
But his father’s hobbies for women and cards forced him to take the place of police officer. Traveling around villages and hamlets to extract arrears from the peasants, my father took Nikolai with him. Therefore, from early childhood the poet saw injustice and the great grief ordinary people were experiencing. This would later become the main theme for his poetic works. Nikolai never betrayed his principles, did not forget the environment in which he grew up.
Nikolai Nekrasov had barely turned eleven years old when he was sent to a gymnasium in the city of Yaroslavl, where he studied for five years. But unfortunately, his studies were not good for him, he did not do well in many subjects, and he also did not show good behavior. He had many conflicts with teachers, as he wrote his short satirical poems about them. At the age of sixteen, he decided to write down these poetic samples of his in a thin notebook at home.
Education
In 1838, Nikolai Nekrasov, who was barely seventeen years old, was sent by his father to St. Petersburg so that he could serve in a regiment for nobles. But here the wishes of the son and father diverged. The father dreamed of military service for his son, and the poet himself thought about literature, which fascinated him more and more every day.
One day Nikolai Nekrasov met his friend, Glushitsky, who was a student at that time. After talking with a friend who told Nikolai about student life and education, the young man finally decided not to connect his life with military affairs. Then Glushitsky introduced his friend to his other friends, the same students, and soon the poet had a great desire to study at the university. Although his father was categorically against studying at the university, Nikolai disobeyed.
But, unfortunately, he failed the exams. This could not stop him, and he decided to become a free student who simply came to lectures and listened. He chose the Faculty of Philology and attended it persistently for three years. But every year it became more and more difficult for him, since his father nevertheless fulfilled the threats and deprived him of financial support. Therefore, most of Nikolai Nekrasov’s time was spent finding at least some small work or even a part-time job. Soon the need turned out to be very strong, he could not even have lunch, and he could no longer pay for the rented small room. He got sick, lived in slums, ate in the cheapest canteens.
Writing activity
After hardships, the life of the young poet gradually began to improve. At first he began to give private lessons, and this brought him a small but stable income, and then he began to publish his articles in literary magazines. In addition, he was given the opportunity to write vaudevilles for the theater. At this time, the young poet enthusiastically works on prose, sometimes writing poetry. Journalism became his favorite genre at this time. Then he will say about himself:
“How long have I worked!”
His early works show romanticism, although later all of Nekrasov’s works were classified by critics and writers as realism. The young poet began to have his own savings, which helped him publish his first book of poetry. But critics did not always praise his poetic works. Many mercilessly scolded the young poet and shamed him. For example, the most respected critic Belinsky reacted very coldly and disdainfully to Nekrasov’s work. But there were also those who praised the poet, considering his works to be real literary art.
Soon the writer decides to turn to the humorous direction and writes several poems. And new successful changes take place in his life. Nikolai Nekrasov becomes an employee of one of the magazines. He becomes close to Belinsky's circle. It was the critic who had the strongest influence on the inexperienced publicist.
Publishing becomes his life and source of income. At first, he published various almanacs, in which both young, aspiring poets and writers, and real sharks of the pen were published. He became so successful in his new business that, together with Panaev, he acquired the popular magazine Sovremennik and became its editors. At that time, writers who later became famous began to publish in it: Turgenev, Ogarev, Goncharova, Ostrovsky and others.
Nikolai Nekrasov himself published his poetic and prosaic works on the pages of this literary magazine. But in 1850 he fell ill with a throat disease and was forced to leave for Italy. And when he returned, he saw that changes were coming in an enlightened society. As a result of all this, the writers who published in magazines were divided into two groups. Censorship restrictions have also intensified.
Because of the bold publications, the magazine was given a warning. The authorities were afraid of the activities of writers. A real disgrace was organized against the most dangerous masters of the pen. Many ended up in exile. The activities of Sovremennik were initially suspended. Then, in 1866, the magazine was closed for good.
Nekrasov goes to work for the journal Otechestvennye zapiski. He begins to publish a supplement to the magazine, which has satirical content.
Personal life of the poet
In his personal life, the poet had three women whom he loved and whom he mentioned in his will:
A. Panaeva.
S. Lefren
Z.N. Nekrasova
Avdotya Panaeva was married to a friend of Nikolai Nekrasov. Their meeting took place at literary evenings. Then the poet was 26 years old. Avdotya, although not immediately, noticed Nikolai Nekrasov and reciprocated. They began to live together, and even in the house where her legal husband lived. This union lasted for 16 years. In this strange union, a child is born, but he dies in his early years, and discord begins between the lovers and soon Avdotya leaves for another revolutionary poet.
Nikolai Nekrasov met Selina Lefren by chance, since his sister lived in her apartment. The poet also stayed in this apartment for the summer. There was a small romance between the young people.
At the age of 48, he met Fekla Viktorova, who later became his wife. At the time we met, Fekla was only twenty-three years old, and she was from a simple village family. Nekrasov was involved in her education, and over time the girl changed her name and began to call herself Zinaida Nikolaevna.
last years of life
In his last days and years, the publicist and poet worked a lot. In 1875, he fell ill and upon medical examination it turned out that he had cancer, which could not be cured.
After this, Nikolai Alekseevich was confined to bed rest for two years. When the literary community learned about the serious illness of the writer, interest in him increased and his works began to enjoy success, fame and popularity. Many colleagues tried to support him with kind words, he received letters and telegrams from all over Russia.
The poet died at the end of 1877 according to the old style. About eight o'clock in the evening of December 27th. A large number of people attended his funeral. Everyone who could attend the funeral wished to pay tribute to the great writer and poet.
The work of the classic, appreciated during his lifetime, remains an invaluable gift after almost 140 years, and some works amaze with their relevance, modernity and significance.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is one of the brightest representatives of his time, a revolutionary, poet and prose writer. He became famous for his outstanding publishing activities and unique literary gift, a classic of our literature. One of the first to introduce dactylic rhymes of the three-syllable type and thereby showed the expressiveness and literary beauty of Russian versification. A brief biography of this talented person is very interesting to read.
Family and childhood
He was born into the family of lieutenant and poor nobleman Alexei Sergeevich Nekrasov on November 28 (December 10) in 1821. Before the father’s resignation, the family lived in Nemirovo (Podolsk province). After completing his service, when the future writer was 3 years old, the head of the family moved his wife and 13 children to the family nest in the Yaroslavl province, located in the village of Greshnevo. Mom led a reclusive lifestyle. She became Nekrasov’s first teacher, instilling in him a love of books and literature. And his father had a violent disposition and was despotic, so the boy grew up in an environment of his father’s cruel reprisals against his family and peasants. From childhood, he saw oppression over the common people, and this would later run as a red thread in his work.Studies
In 1832, Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov entered the provincial gymnasium to study. He was 11 years old. His studies were difficult, since his first satirical poems were not to the liking of the leadership of the educational institution. At the age of 16, he wrote down his early poems in a personal notebook. His first work was negatively colored by complex childhood memories. After five years of study, I had to leave the gymnasium due to my father’s refusal to pay for education.Nekrasov’s father wanted a military career for his son, so at the age of 17 (1838) he was sent to the disposal of the noble unit of troops of St. Petersburg. The young man, contrary to the will of his parent and due to personal circumstances, decides to try out for another educational institution. Having failed his attempt to become a student at St. Petersburg University, Nekrasov gets a job as a free student in a philological course. Such a daring act in Nekrasov’s biography was sharply perceived by his father. For disobedience, the young man was completely deprived of parental financial support. He was forced to survive by earning a modest salary by writing poems and stories to order.
The work of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov
A brief biography of the great classic tells about the events of 1840-1843, as a time that made it possible to fully reveal the full power and completeness of his gift. These years were marked for Nekrasov by the beginning of cooperation with the theatrical magazine “Pantheon”, and the branch of the biographical magazine “Otechestvennye zapiski”. And also during that period there was a rapprochement with Belinsky, whose arguments were close to him (1843).
Nekrasov’s achievements undoubtedly include high organizational skills, since, while still a fairly young man in 1854-1846, he managed to become a publisher of works by such figures of Russian literature as Dostoevsky and Turgenev, as well as fruitfully interact with Belinsky in the famous almanac that time “Petersburg Collection” and the popular publication “Physiology of Petersburg”.
By 1847, being a 26-year-old ambitious man, Nekrasov, in partnership with the critic I. I. Panaev, bought Sovremennik, which was fateful in his life, where he took the position of publisher and editor. The best minds of Russian literature were recruited to work in the editorial office: Goncharov, Turgenev, Herzen. This made it the most influential publication of the democracy movement. This publication ceased to exist in 1862 due to a government ban.
This segment of Nekrasov’s autobiography is rich in the writing of his most famous works, the idea of which is the plight of the common people: “Peasant Children”, “Frost, Red Nose”, “Railroad”. Listing a brief summary of the works of those years, it is impossible not to mention “The Poet and the Citizen,” Peddlers,” “Reflections at the Front Entrance.” These works were a symbol of his indifference to the reforms of the 60s, which produced a social upsurge.
In a brief narration of the poet’s biography, the year 1868 should be mentioned: Nekrasov at this time took under the wing of Kraevsky the magazine “Otechestvennye zapiski,” already known to him from his collaboration in earlier years. This period of time was marked by the writing of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” “Grandfather,” and “Russian Women,” as well as several satirical poems, including “Contemporaries.”
Personal
In 1862, Nekrasov bought the Karabikha estate, located in the vicinity of the Yaroslavl region. This place becomes a summer destination, where he meets with friends and enjoys hunting.Nekrasov’s biography tells that in his entire life he loved three women. 15 years of civil marriage, he was associated with Avdotya Yakovlevna Panayeva. She is called the main love of his life. Selina Lefren, French by birth, was a sinful passion in the poet’s life for a short time. This lady squandered a significant part of Nekrasov’s money and, as a result, left him. The poet's last wife was the village girl Viktorova Fyokla Anisimovna. They got married six months before Nekrasov’s death.
The last years of Nekrasov's life
Poetic works from the cycle “Last Songs” (1877) were created by the poet already during the years of his serious illness, which lasted from 1875. After the operation, the disease did not recede, and in 1878 the great Russian classic died on January 8 in St. Petersburg. Farewell to Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov had the color of a political manifesto. On those frosty days, several thousand people came to the funeral held at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg.Nikolai Nekrasov is known to modern readers as the “most peasant” poet of Russia: he was one of the first to talk about the tragedy of serfdom and explore the spiritual world of the Russian peasantry. Nikolai Nekrasov was also a successful publicist and publisher: his Sovremennik became a legendary magazine of its time.
“Everything that has entangled my life since childhood has become an irresistible curse on me...”
Nikolai Nekrasov was born on December 10 (according to the old style - November 28), 1821 in the small town of Nemirov, Vinnitsa district, Podolsk province. His father Alexey Nekrasov came from a family of once wealthy Yaroslavl nobles, was an army officer, and his mother Elena Zakrevskaya was the daughter of a possessor from the Kherson province. The parents were against the marriage of a beautiful and educated girl to a military man who was not rich at that time, so the young couple got married in 1817 without their blessing.
However, the couple’s family life was not happy: the future poet’s father turned out to be a stern and despotic man, including in relation to his soft and shy wife, whom he called a “recluse.” The difficult atmosphere that reigned in the family influenced Nekrasov’s work: metaphorical images of parents often appeared in his works. Fyodor Dostoevsky said: “It was a wounded heart at the very beginning of life; and it was this wound that never healed that was the beginning and source of all his passionate, suffering poetry for the rest of his life.”.
Konstantin Makovsky. Portrait of Nikolai Nekrasov. 1856. State Tretyakov Gallery
Nikolay Ge. Portrait of Nikolai Nekrasov. 1872. State Russian Museum
Nikolai's early childhood was spent on his father's family estate - the village of Greshnevo, Yaroslavl province, where the family moved after Alexei Nekrasov retired from the army. The boy developed a particularly close relationship with his mother: she was his best friend and first teacher, and instilled in him a love of the Russian language and the literary word.
Things were seriously neglected on the family estate, it even came to the point of litigation, and Nekrasov’s father took on the duties of a police officer. When leaving on business, he often took his son with him, so from an early age the boy saw pictures that were not intended for children’s eyes: extorting debts and arrears from peasants, cruel reprisals, all kinds of manifestations of grief and poverty. In his own poems, Nekrasov recalled the early years of his life:
There is no memory that pleases the soul;
But everything that has entangled my life since childhood,
An irresistible curse fell upon me, -
Everything begins here, in my native land!..
First years in St. Petersburg
In 1832, Nekrasov turned 11 years old and entered the gymnasium, where he studied until the fifth grade. Studying was difficult for him, relations with the gymnasium authorities did not go well - in particular, because of the caustic satirical poems that he began to compose at the age of 16. Therefore, in 1837, Nekrasov went to St. Petersburg, where, according to his father’s wishes, he was supposed to enter military service.
In St. Petersburg, young Nekrasov, through his friend at the gymnasium, met several students, after which he realized that education interested him more than military affairs. Contrary to his father’s demands and threats to leave him without financial support, Nekrasov began to prepare for the entrance exams to the university, but failed them, after which he became a volunteer student at the Faculty of Philology.
Nekrasov Sr. fulfilled his ultimatum and left his rebellious son without financial help. Nekrasov spent all his free time from studying looking for work and a roof over his head: it got to the point that he could not afford lunch. For some time he rented a room, but in the end he was unable to pay for it and ended up on the street, and then ended up in a shelter for beggars. It was there that Nekrasov discovered a new opportunity to earn money - he wrote petitions and complaints for a small fee.
Over time, Nekrasov’s affairs began to improve, and the stage of dire need was passed. By the early 1840s, he made a living by writing poems and fairy tales, which were later published in popular prints, published small articles in the Literary Gazette and the Literary Supplement to the Russian Invalid, gave private lessons and composed plays for Alexandrinsky Theater under the pseudonym Perepelsky.
In 1840, using his own savings, Nekrasov published his first poetry collection, “Dreams and Sounds,” which consisted of romantic ballads, which were influenced by the poetry of Vasily Zhukovsky and Vladimir Benediktov. Zhukovsky himself, having familiarized himself with the collection, called only two poems quite good, but recommended publishing the rest under a pseudonym and argued it this way: “Later you will write better, and you will be ashamed of these poems.” Nekrasov heeded the advice and published a collection under the initials N.N.
The book “Dreams and Sounds” was not particularly successful with either readers or critics, although Nikolai Polevoy spoke very favorably of the aspiring poet, and Vissarion Belinsky called his poems “coming from the soul.” Nekrasov himself was upset by his first poetic experience and decided to try his hand at prose. He wrote his early stories and novellas in a realistic manner: the plots were based on events and phenomena in which the author himself was a participant or witness, and some characters had prototypes in reality. Later, Nekrasov turned to satirical genres: he created the vaudeville “This is what it means to fall in love with an actress” and “Feoktist Onufrievich Bob”, the story “Makar Osipovich Random” and other works.
Nekrasov’s publishing activities: “Sovremennik” and “Whistle”
Ivan Kramskoy. Portrait of Nikolai Nekrasov. 1877. State Tretyakov Gallery
Nikolai Nekrasov and Ivan Panaev. Caricature by Nikolai Stepanov, “Illustrated Almanac”. 1848. Photo: vm.ru
Alexey Naumov. Nikolai Nekrasov and Ivan Panaev visiting the sick Vissarion Belinsky. 1881
From the mid-1840s, Nekrasov began to actively engage in publishing activities. With his participation, the almanacs “Physiology of St. Petersburg”, “Articles in Poems without Pictures”, “April 1”, “Petersburg Collection” were published, and the latter was a particularly great success: Dostoevsky’s novel “Poor People” was published for the first time in it.
At the end of 1846, Nekrasov, together with his friend, journalist and writer Ivan Panaev, rented the Sovremennik magazine from the publisher Pyotr Pletnev.
Young authors, who had previously published mainly in Otechestvennye zapiski, willingly moved to Nekrasov’s publication. It was Sovremennik that made it possible to reveal the talent of such writers as Ivan Goncharov, Ivan Turgenev, Alexander Herzen, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. Nekrasov himself was not only the editor of the magazine, but also one of its regular authors. His poems, prose, literary criticism, and journalistic articles were published on the pages of Sovremennik.
The period from 1848 to 1855 became a difficult time for Russian journalism and literature due to the sharp tightening of censorship. To fill the gaps that arose in the content of the magazine due to censorship bans, Nekrasov began publishing in it chapters from the adventure novels “Dead Lake” and “Three Countries of the World,” which he co-wrote with his common-law wife Avdotya Panayeva (she was hiding under the pseudonym N N. Stanitsky).
In the mid-1850s, censorship requirements relaxed, but Sovremennik faced a new problem: class contradictions split the authors into two groups with opposing beliefs. Representatives of the liberal nobility advocated realism and aesthetic principles in literature, while supporters of democracy adhered to the satirical direction. The confrontation, of course, spilled onto the pages of the magazine, so Nekrasov, together with Nikolai Dobrolyubov, founded a supplement to Sovremennik - the satirical publication “Whistle”. It published humorous stories and short stories, satirical poems, pamphlets and caricatures.
At different times, Ivan Panaev, Nikolai Chernyshevsky, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Alexey Tolstoy published their works on the pages of “Whistle”. The supplement was first published in January 1859, and its last issue was released in April 1863, a year and a half after Dobrolyubov’s death. In 1866, after the assassination of Emperor Alexander II, the Sovremennik magazine itself was closed. “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
Nekrasov came up with the idea for the poem back in the late 1850s, but he wrote the first part after the abolition of serfdom - around 1863. The basis of the work was not only the literary experiences of the poet’s predecessors, but also his own impressions and memories. According to the author's idea, the poem was supposed to become a kind of epic, demonstrating the life of the Russian people from different points of view. At the same time, Nekrasov purposefully used to write it not in “high style,” but in simple colloquial language, close to folk songs and tales, replete with colloquial expressions and sayings.
Work on the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” took Nekrasov almost 14 years. But even during this period, he did not have time to fully realize his plan: a serious illness prevented him, which confined the writer to his bed. Originally the work was supposed to consist of seven or eight parts. The travel route of the heroes, looking for “who lives cheerfully and freely in Rus',” lay across the entire country, all the way to St. Petersburg, where they had a meeting with an official, a merchant, a minister and a tsar. However, Nekrasov understood that he would not have time to complete the work, so he reduced the fourth part of the story - “A Feast for the Whole World” - to an open ending.
During Nekrasov’s lifetime, only three fragments of the poem were published in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski - the first part with a prologue, which does not have its own title, “The Last One” and “The Peasant Woman”. “A Feast for the Whole World” was published only three years after the author’s death, and even then with significant censorship cuts.
Nekrasov died on January 8, 1878 (December 27, 1877, old style). Several thousand people came to say goodbye to him and escorted the writer’s coffin from his home to the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg. This was the first time that a Russian writer was given national honors.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov born October 10 (November 28), 1821 in Ukraine, near Vinnitsa, in the town of Nemirov. The boy was not even three years old when his father, a Yaroslavl landowner and retired officer, moved his family to the family estate Greshnevo. Here he spent his childhood - among the apple trees of a vast garden, near the Volga, which Nekrasov called the cradle, and next to the famous Sibirka, or Vladimirka, about which he recalled: “Everything that walked and traveled along it and was known, starting with postal troikas and ending with prisoners , chained, accompanied by guards, was the constant food of our childhood curiosity."
1832 – 1837 – studied at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. Nekrasov is an average student, periodically conflicting with his superiors over his satirical poems.
In 1838, his literary life began, which lasted for forty years.
1838 - 1840 - Nikolai Nekrasov was a volunteer student at the Faculty of Philology of St. Petersburg University. Having learned about this, his father deprives him of financial support. According to Nekrasov’s own recollections, he lived in poverty for about three years, surviving on small odd jobs. At the same time, the poet is part of the literary and journalistic circle of St. Petersburg.
Also in 1838, Nekrasov’s first publication took place. The poem “Thought” is published in the magazine “Son of the Fatherland”. Later, several poems appear in the “Library for Reading”, then in the “Literary Additions to the Russian Invalid”.
Nekrasov's poems appeared in print in 1838; in 1840, at his own expense, the first collection of poems, “Dreams and Sounds,” signed “N.N.”, was published. The collection was not successful even after criticism from V.G. Belinsky in Otechestvennye Zapiski was destroyed by Nekrasov and became a bibliographic rarity.
For the first time, his attitude to the living conditions of the poorest strata of the Russian population and outright slavery was expressed in the poem “Govorun” (1843). From this period, Nekrasov began to write poems with an actual social orientation, which a little later became interested in censorship. Such anti-serfdom poems appeared as “The Coachman’s Tale”, “Motherland”, “Before the Rain”, “Troika”, “The Gardener”. The poem “Motherland” was immediately banned by censorship, but was distributed in manuscripts and became especially popular in revolutionary circles. Belinsky rated this poem so highly that he was completely delighted.
Using the borrowed money, the poet, together with the writer Ivan Panaev, rented the Sovremennik magazine in the winter of 1846. Young progressive writers and all those who hated serfdom flock to the magazine. The first issue of the new Sovremennik took place in January 1847. It was the first magazine in Russia that expressed revolutionary democratic ideas and, most importantly, had a coherent and clear program of action. The very first issues included “The Thieving Magpie” and “Who’s to Blame?” Herzen, stories from “Notes of a Hunter” by Turgenev, articles by Belinsky and many other works of the same focus. Nekrasov published “Hound Hunt” from his works.
The influence of the magazine grew every year, until in 1862 the government suspended its publication and then completely banned the magazine.
In 1866, Sovremennik was closed. In 1868, Nekrasov acquired the right to publish the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, with which the last years of his life were associated. During his work at Otechestvennye zapiski, he created the poems “Who Lives Well in Russia” (1866-1876), “Grandfather” (1870) ), “Russian Women” (1871-1872), wrote a series of satirical works, the pinnacle of which was the poem “Contemporaries” (1878).
The last years of the poet's life were filled with elegiac motifs associated with the loss of friends, awareness of loneliness, and serious illness. During this period the following works appeared: “Three Elegies” (1873), “Morning”, “Despondency”, “Elegy” (1874), “The Prophet” (1874), “To the Sowers” (1876). In 1877, the cycle of poems “Last Songs” was created.
Nekrasov’s funeral at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg acquired the character of a socio-political manifestation. At the civil memorial service, speeches were made by Dostoevsky, P.V. Zasodimsky, G.V. Plekhanov and others. In 1881, a monument was erected at the grave (sculptor M.A. Chizhov).
Streets were named after Nekrasov: in St. Petersburg in 1918 (former Basseynaya, see Nekrasova Street), in Rybatskoye, Pargolovo. His name was given to Library No. 9 of the Smolninsky District and Pedagogical School No. 1. In 1971, a monument to Nekrasov was unveiled on the corner of Nekrasov Street and Grechesky Avenue (sculptor L. Yu. Eidlin, architect V. S. Vasilkovsky).
Nikolai Nekrasov is a famous Russian poet, writer and publicist. His works have become classics of Russian literature. He was one of the first poets who began to pay great attention to peasant life.
After studying at the gymnasium for 5 years, he graduated in 1837, the year he tragically died. Since the father wanted to make his son a military man, in 1838 he enrolled him in the Konstantinovsky Artillery School, located in.
However, the future writer was not very interested in military affairs, as a result of which he decided to enter St. Petersburg University.
This decision infuriated my father. He threatened to stop financial support for his son if he went to university.
Interestingly, this did not frighten Nekrasov at all, as a result of which he began to actively prepare for passing the exams. But he failed to pass them, so he became a volunteer student at the Faculty of Philology.
Difficult years
Due to the fact that the father stopped sending money to his son, Nikolai found himself in dire need. He often went hungry, and often he simply had nowhere to sleep. For some time he lived on the street, eking out a miserable existence.
One day, a beggar passing by took pity on him and took him to one of the slums, where he could at least have a roof over his head.
These years will become the most difficult in Nekrasov’s biography, although they tempered his youth.
Literary activity
A few years later, Nekrasov managed to adapt to the conditions in which he lived. Soon he began writing short articles and publishing in various publications. In addition, he periodically gave lessons, thanks to which he had additional income.
Nikolai Alekseevich plunged headlong into literature, reading works by Russian and foreign authors. After this, he began to hone his skills in writing poetry and vaudeville, and also worked hard on prose.
As a result, he earned the amount of money needed to publish his first collection of poems, Dreams and Sounds (1840).
An interesting fact is that Nekrasov was very upset by criticism of his works, since by nature he was a very emotional person.
Something similar was done before him, who bought and burned Hanz Küchelgarten.
However, despite the criticism, Nikolai Nekrasov did not give up, but rather continued to work on himself. Soon he began collaborating with the famous St. Petersburg publication Otechestvennye zapiski.
Every year his work became better and better, and pretty soon warm and friendly relations developed between Nekrasov and Belinsky.
During this period, Nekrasov’s biography and his works began to be actively published and received positive reviews from critics, including Belinsky himself.
The writer also did not experience any difficulties financially. In 1846, he, together with like-minded people, acquired the magazine Sovremennik, in which many writers later began to publish:, etc.
Due to the fact that the publication was under tsarist censorship, most of the works were of an adventure nature, but this in no way affected the popularity of the magazine.
In the mid-50s, a serious problem occurred in Nekrasov’s biography. He falls ill with a throat disease, as a result of which he has to go to Italy for treatment.
After staying there for some time, he recovered and returned to his homeland again. Meanwhile, his works began to be considered among the best, and Dobrolyubov was among his loyal friends and assistants.
In 1866, Sovremennik was closed, as a result of which Nekrasov had to look for new ways to continue his activities.
Soon he rented the publication Otechestvennye Zapiski, in which he began to successfully publish his own works, as well as collaborate with other writers.
The most famous work in Nekrasov’s biography is the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” which was completed in 1876.
It told the story of the journey of 7 simple men looking for a happy person.
After it, many poems came out from the poet’s pen, having positive reviews from both critics and ordinary readers.
Love in the life of a poet
In Nekrasov’s biography there were 3 women who differed from each other both in character and social status.
His first love was Avdotya Panaeva, whom Nekrasov first saw in 1842. Soon they began a whirlwind romance, as a result of which they began to live together.
And although they were not officially married, they managed to live together for more than 15 years. Avdotya was a literate and beautiful woman.
An interesting fact is that Fyodor Dostoevsky was in love with her, who, however, was never able to achieve reciprocity.
Nekrasov's next girlfriend was the Frenchwoman Selina Lefren, who was distinguished by her easy character and simplicity.
Their close relationship developed over several years, but it never came to marriage.
The third and last woman in Nekrasov’s biography was Fekla Viktorova.
She lived all her life in the village, and was a very simple and good-natured person.
Despite the fact that she had a meager education, Nikolai Alekseevich fell madly in love with her.
The couple got married six months before the poet’s death, unable to fully enjoy their married life.
Death
In 1875, Nekrasov was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. The illness caused a lot of suffering, which did not allow him to fully engage in writing.
However, after he began to receive letters from devoted readers, he perked up and took up the pen again.
Sick Nekrasov continues to work in bed In the last years of his life, he managed to write the satirical poem “Contemporaries”, and also composed a number of poems “Last Songs”.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov died on December 27, 1877 at the age of 56 years. Despite the severe December frosts, thousands of people came to say goodbye to the Russian poet.
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