Please indicate your real name and pseudonym. Research work "Mysteries of pseudonyms of Russian writers and poets"
SIX-YEAR-OLD RESPONSER
Mm. years! Let a happy and proud parent turn to you, gentlemen, publishers of the esteemed Iskra magazine!
In our time, when the most incredible miracles of civilization are happening with such speed, so to speak, with our own eyes, when progress is developing so rapidly, these miracles, this development should have reflected on all modern personalities and especially on the impressionable personalities of children! All children, I am sure, are imbued with progress, but not everyone is given the opportunity to realize their feelings! With involuntary pride, although with humility, I declare publicly: I have a son who has been given this high ability; he is a poet... but as a true child of modernity, he is not a lyric poet, a satirist poet, an accusatory poet.
He is just over six years old. He was born on November 27, 1853. He grew up in a remarkably strange way. Until he was two years old, he was breastfed and seemed weak and even an ordinary child; he suffered greatly from scrofula; but from the age of three a change took place in him: he began to think and sigh; a bitter smile appeared on his lips and never left them; he stopped crying - but irony snakes across his features, even when he sleeps. In his fourth year he was disappointed; but he soon realized the backwardness of this moment of self-awareness and rose above it: cold, bilious calm, occasionally interrupted by outbreaks of energetic sarcasm, was the usual state of his spirit. I have to agree that it’s hard to live with him... But life isn’t any easier for him either. He learned to read - and greedily rushed to books; not many of our domestic authors have earned his approval. According to his concepts, Shchedrin is one-sided and weak in satire; Nekrasov is too soft, Mr. Elagin is not quite frank and has not mastered the secret of, as he put it, “icy-burning mockery”; he is quite pleased with Mr. Bov’s articles alone in Sovremennik; they constitute, together with Mr. Rosenheim's praises, the subject of his constant study. “-Bov and Rosenheim,” he exclaimed one day at the table, after first throwing a spoon of porridge at my forehead (I am telling you these details because I think that over time they will have great value in the eyes of literary historians), “-Bov and Rosenheim are at enmity with each other, and yet they are flowers growing on the same branch!
I frankly admit that I do not always understand him, and my wife, his mother, simply trembles before him; but, gentlemen, the feeling of reverent admiration for one’s own product is a high feeling!
I am telling you, for testing purposes, a few of my son’s poems: I ask you to notice in them the gradual maturation of thought and talent. The 1st and 2nd Nos. were written by him two years ago; they also echo the naivety of first childhood impressions, especially No. 1, in which the method of immediately explaining an accusatory thought through commentary is reminiscent of the manner of thirteenth-century painters; The 3rd No. was produced in the era of melancholy disappointment, which I have already mentioned in my letter; The 4th and final No came out of my son's chest recently. Read and judge! I remain with complete respect and the same devotion, mm. gg.,
Your most humble servant,
Platon Nedobobov, retired teacher of Russian literature.
My son's name is Jeremiah... a significant fact! An amazing, although, of course, unconscious foreknowledge of his future calling!
Cat and mouse
A mouse sits on the floor
Cat on the window...
Comment:
(I brought out the people in a mouse,
Stanovoi in a cat.)
Cat - jump! The mouse is in the hole,
But he lost his tail...
Comment:
(This means that the official
Profit from a bribe.)
Daddy took the cane and the cat
Flogged without mercy...
Comment:
(Give praise to superiors
We are always happy!)
Angry cat bit
Daddy near the thigh...
Comment:
(Predatory Stanovoy recently
Earned the buckle...)
But the poet castigates him
In a word of rejection...
Nanny! put it down for this
Jam in my mouth!
Absolute irony
Filled with strict pride,
I look sternly at Rus'...
The barman brings two melons -
Good, I mutter, you goose!
The liquor darkens in the bottle...
I think: oh, a sign of stupidity!
The man itched the back of his head -
What a fool you are, I whisper!
The priest strokes the filly's belly -
And he, I sighed, is a man!
The teacher gave me a slap -
I didn't say anything here.
Sigh
(Elegy)
Oh, why from baby's diapers
The sorrow of bribes has crept into my soul!
The sad fact of bribes and bribes
Sensitive child poisoned
Like a sheepfold with the smell of a goat!
Talk
You are boring today, my son.
Isn't the nurse's milk tasty?
2 year old son
Give me a dime.
Here's a snout.
Not anymore.
Let's; stingy is disgusting.
Copper?!?
No, you know, silver.
But why do you need?..
Not for good.
I want to bribe the footman,
So that he can papa without being timid...
Understand; give me a penny;
I will do everything exactly, my friend.
(Leaves)
Son (one)
Bribe! Mother!! Father!!! Oh century! Oh morals!!!
Robespierre and you, Marat, you are right!
Jeremiah Nedobobov
Notes
Published according to the text of the first publication: "Iskra", 1859, No. 50, pp. 513-515 (censorship permission December 21, 1859).
It is included in the collected works for the first time.
Autograph unknown.
The fact that the feuilleton-parody directed against N.A. Dobrolyubov was written by Turgenev is proven in a detailed article by G.F. Perminov “Turgenev about N.A. Dobrolyubov. The unknown feuilleton-parody of Turgenev in Iskra” (T Sat., vol. III , pp. 106-118). The basis for such an attribution is, first of all, the memoirs of P. I. Pashino, published during Turgenev’s lifetime: “Messrs. Turgenev and Saltykov also tried their pen in Iskra” (St. Petersburg, Ved, 1881, No. 319, December 20/ January 1, 1882); in another place: “There are also poems by Jeremiah Nedobobov, belonging to<...>I. S. Turgenev" - and further: "hiding under the pseudonym of Nedobobov", Turgenev wanted to "hurt Dobrolyubov" ("Minute", 1882, No. 121, May 13). None of these instructions caused any objections from Turgenev or his friends. In the book “Satirical Journalism of the 1860s” (M., 1964, pp. 113-114), I. G. Yampolsky considers the feuilleton “The Six-Year-Old Accuser” as written by Turgenev.
The feuilleton could have been written by Turgenev in St. Petersburg between November 27 (the date of the “birth” of Jeremiah Nedobobov indicated in the feuilleton) and December 21, 1859 (the date of censorship permission from Iskra). A few months earlier, Herzen’s article “Very dangerous!!!” was published in Kolokol (1859, sheet 44, June 1, pp. 363-364), directed against the discrediting of accusatory literature in Sovremennik and in "Whistle" - mainly in the speeches of N. A. Dobrolyubov. This article became known to Turgenev at the very moment of its appearance (he was in London and communicated with Herzen from June 1 to June 8, 1859); its direction is the same as that of Turgenev’s feuilleton. It is also possible to outline points of contact between the parodic image of the “six-year-old accuser” and the interpretation of Hamlet in Turgenev’s speech.
The entire argument of Perminov in the above-mentioned article, presented here briefly, in its most significant moments, allows us to consider Turgenev’s authorship of the feuilleton parody in Iskra as proven.
Sirin and Alkonost. Bird of Joy and Bird of Sorrow. Painting by Viktor Vasnetsov. 1896 Wikimedia CommonsI. Nicknames “with meaning”
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Perhaps the most important pseudonym for Russia of the 20th century - Maxim Gorky. It belonged to Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov (1868-1936), a writer and playwright who came from the very bottom of society. The Soviet government loved Gorky not so much for his talent as for his background and life experience: a gifted self-taught man from Nizhny Novgorod spent his youth wandering around Russia and participated in several underground Marxist circles. In 1892, 24-year-old Peshkov published his first story “Makar Chudra” in the Tiflis newspaper “Caucasus” and signed it “M. Bitter". Subsequently, the letter "M." became the name "Maxim", probably in honor of the writer's father.
The meaning of the fictitious surname “Gorky” is clear to any reader of the young author’s first collection of stories and essays (1898): he wrote about thieves and drunkards, sailors and workers, about what he later called “the wild music of labor” and “the leaden abominations of wild Russian life.” " The success of Gorky's stories was stunning: according to the biographical dictionary "Russian Writers", in just eight years - from 1896 to 1904 - more than 1,860 materials were published about the writer. And he had a long life and colossal glory ahead of him. In particular, his native Nizhny Novgorod was renamed Gorky in 1932, that is, during the author’s lifetime. And the huge city bore the name of the writer, or rather, his pseudonym until 1990.
It should be noted that Alexey Maksimovich did not use a pseudonym for long in his youth Yehudiel Chlamida. Under this name, he wrote several satirical feuilletons on local topics in Samara Gazeta in 1895.
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The first novels of Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977) were published under a pseudonym V. Sirin. In 1920, the future writer came with his parents to Berlin. Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov (1869-1922) was a major political figure, one of the founders of the Constitutional Democratic Party, and in post-revolutionary emigration he continued to be involved in politics, in particular, he published the newspaper “Rul” in Berlin. It is not surprising that Nabokov Jr. began publishing under an assumed name, otherwise the reading public would have been completely bewildered by the abundance of V. Nabokov in periodicals. Under the pseudonym Sirin, “Mashenka”, “Luzhin’s Defense”, “King, Queen, Jack”, a magazine version of “The Gift” and several other works were published. The meaning of the word “Sirin” was beyond doubt among readers: a sad, beautiful-voiced bird of paradise.
***
Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev (1880-1934) abandoned his own name and surname, entering the annals of Russian poetry, prose (and poetry) as Andrey Bely. A symbolist pseudonym for the young Bugaev was invented by Mikhail Sergeevich Solovyov, brother of the famous philosopher Vladimir Solovyov. It is believed that the name Andrei was supposed to remind of the first of the called apostles of Christ, and Bely - of the white color, in which all the colors of the spectrum are dissolved.
***
In the 1910s, Efim Pridvorov (1883-1945), a native of the Kherson province, began publishing poems under the name Demyan Bedny. The success of his writings was so great that in honor of this “Bolshevik of the poetic weapon” (as Leon Trotsky spoke of him), the old city of Spassk in the Penza province was renamed Bednodemyanovsk in 1925, and under this name, which long outlived the glory of the proletarian poet, the city existed until 2005.
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Writer Nikolai Kochkurov (1899-1938) chose a self-explanatory pseudonym with a sarcastic undertone: under the name Artem Vesely in the late 1920s and early 1930s, he published several popular books about the revolution and the Civil War in those decades (the novel “Russia, Washed in Blood”, the story “Rivers of Fire”, the play “We”).
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A student of Maxim Gorky, Alexey Silych Novikov (1877-1944), who served in the Russo-Japanese War as a sailor, added one thematic word to his own surname and became known as a marine painter. Novikov-Priboy. He wrote the novel “Tsushima” (1932), one of the most popular military-historical novels in the USSR, and a number of short stories and novellas. It is noteworthy that Novikov-Priboy made his debut as the author of two essays about the Battle of Tsushima, published under the pseudonym A. Worn out.
II. Exotic aliases and hoaxes
Elizaveta Ivanovna Dmitrieva. 1912 Wikimedia Commons One of the most famous literary hoaxes of the early 20th century was Cherubina de Gabriac. Under this name, in 1909, Elizaveta Ivanovna (Lilya) Dmitrieva (married Vasilyeva, 1887-1928) published her poems in the symbolist magazine Apollo. She was patronized by Maximilian Voloshin (whose, by the way, real name is Kireenko-Voloshin). Together they managed to create a charming and mysterious literary mask, and Apollo, led by Sergei Makovsky, published two cycles of poems by the young and noble Spanish recluse Cherubina. Soon the hoax was revealed, one of the unexpected consequences of this exposure was a duel between Nikolai Gumilyov, who had previously courted Vasilyeva, and Maximilian Voloshin on the Black River (of all places in St. Petersburg!). Fortunately for Russian poetry, this fight ended bloodlessly. It is interesting that Vyacheslav Ivanov, in the “Tower” where Dmitrieva herself visited, according to Voloshin’s memoirs, said: “I really appreciate Cherubina’s poems. They are talented. But if this is a hoax, then it’s brilliant.”
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In the mid-1910s, Moscow publications regularly published poems, feuilletons and parodies of caustic Don Aminado. This exotic name was chosen for himself by Aminad Petrovich Shpolyansky (1888-1957), lawyer and writer, memoirist. His parodies of famous poets of the beginning of the century, including Balmont and Akhmatova, enjoyed great success. After the revolution, Shpolyansky emigrated. His aphorisms, popular among readers of emigrant Russian-language periodicals, were included in the collection “Neskuchny Sad” as a single cycle entitled “New Kozma Prutkov.”
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The pseudonym of Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky (1880-1932) should be classified as exotic: the author of the timeless romantic stories “Scarlet Sails” and “Running on the Waves”, the creator of the sonorous fictional cities of Zurbagan and Liss signed his books with a short foreign surname Green.
***
The name of Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Buchinskaya, née Lokhvitskaya (1872-1952) says little to the modern reader, but her pseudonym is Teffi- is known much better. Teffi is one of the most caustic authors in Russian literature, the author of the inimitable “Demonic Woman” and a long-term employee of “Satyricon”, the main humorous magazine of pre-revolutionary Russia. In the story “Pseudonym,” Teffi explained the origin of this name from “one fool,” because “fools are always happy.” In addition, by choosing a strange, meaningless, but sonorous and memorable word, the writer bypassed the traditional situation when female writers hide behind male pseudonyms.
***
Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev (1905-1942) used dozens of pseudonyms, but the most famous of them is Kharms. The questionnaire that the poet filled out in 1925 has been preserved. He gave his last name as Yuvachev-Kharms, and when asked if he had a pseudonym, he replied: “No, I’m writing Kharms.” Researchers have linked this short, memorable word to English harm(“harm”), French charme(“charm”), Sanskrit dharma(“religious duty, cosmic law and order”) and even Sherlock Holmes.
***
You just have to get into the exotic nicknames section Grivadiy Gorpozhaks. Unfortunately, this author penned only one work - a parody of a spy novel called “Gene Green - Untouchable” (1972). Three authors were hiding behind the impossible Grivadiy: poet and screenwriter Grigory Pozhenyan (1922-2005), military intelligence officer and writer Ovid Gorchakov (1924-2000) and none other than Vasily Aksenov himself (1932-2009). Perhaps, after Kozma Prutkov, this is the most striking collective literary pseudonym.
III. Translated surnames, or anagrams
I. Repin and K. Chukovsky. Caricature of Mayakovsky from the album “Chukokkala”. 1915 feb-web.ru Almost certainly the most popular author of the 20th century who wrote in Russian is Korney Chukovsky: in Russia it is difficult to grow up without Aibolit and Telefon, Mukha-Tsokotukha and Moidodyr. The author of these immortal children's fairy tales was named Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov (1882-1969) at birth. In his youth, he created a fictitious first and last name from his last name, and a few years later he added the patronymic Ivanovich to them. The children of this remarkable poet, translator, critic and memoirist received the middle names Korneevichi and the surname Chukovsky: such a “deep” use of a pseudonym is not often found.
***
Making up pseudonyms by rearranging the letters of your own name is an old literary game. For example, the famous fabulist Ivan Andreevich Krylov (1769-1844) several times used the wild but cute signature Navi Volyrk. In the 20th century, Mark Aleksandrovich Landau (1886-1957), better known as Mark Aldanov, author of the tetralogy “The Thinker” about the French Revolution, a trilogy about the Russian Revolution (“The Key”, “The Flight”, “The Cave”) and several other large and small works.
***
Alias value Gaidar, taken by Arkady Petrovich Golikov (1904-1941), a classic of Soviet children's literature, still raises questions. According to Timur Arkadyevich, the writer’s son, the answer is this: ““G” is the first letter of the Golikov surname; “ay” - the first and last letters of the name; “d” - in French “from”; “ar” are the first letters of the name of the hometown. G-AY-D-AR: Golikov Arkady from Arzamas.”
IV. Pseudonyms for journalism
Illustration from the book “Key to the upper Devonian of southern New York: designed for teachers and students in secondary schools.” 1899 A chisel is a tool for working metal or stone. Internet Archive Digital Library Publishing under a pseudonym as a literary critic is a long-standing magazine tradition, even by modest (chronologically, not qualitatively) Russian standards. And the sun of Russian poetry did not disdain to sign with a fictitious name (Feofilakt Kosichkin). So by the beginning of the 20th century, pseudonyms for publicists had just become optional. For example, Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev (1886-1921), publishing in his own magazine “Sirius”, used the pseudonym Anatoly Grant. And Yuri Karlovich Olesha (1899-1960), collaborating in the famous satirical department of the Gudok newspaper, signed as Chisel.
***
The journalistic pseudonym had to be catchy, otherwise readers might not pay attention to it. Thus, the poetess and writer Zinaida Gippius (1869-1945) signed critical articles in the magazines “Scales” and “Russian Thought” as Anton Krainy. Among the guises of Valery Bryusov (1873-1924) were Aurelius, And Harmody, And Pentaur. And the author of popular stories for young people at the beginning of the 20th century, book historian and memoirist Sigismund Feliksovich Librovich (1855-1918) was published in the “Bulletin of Literature”, signing Lucian the Strong.
V. Pseudonyms “according to circumstances”
Ivan III tears up the Khan's letter. Painting by Alexey Kivshenko. 1879 Wikimedia Commons Seventeen-year-old Anna Andreevna Gorenko (1889-1966) did not dare to publish her first poems under her own name and took her great-grandmother’s surname as a pseudonym - Akhmatova. Under the Tatar name she remained in literature. In her autobiographical essay “Budka,” written in 1964, she focused on the importance of this name for history: “My ancestor Khan Akhmat was killed at night in his tent by a bribed Russian killer, and with this, as Karamzin narrates, the Mongol yoke ended in Rus'.”
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Both authors of The Twelve Chairs and The Golden Calf wrote under pseudonyms. Evgenia Petrova(1902-1942) was actually named Evgeniy Petrovich Kataev, he was the younger brother of Valentin Kataev (1897-1986) and chose to become famous under a fictitious (semi-fictitious in his case) name. Ilya Ilf(1897-1937) at birth received the name Ilya Arnoldovich Fainzilberg, but shortened it almost to the initials - Il-f.
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A separate chapter in the story about pseudonyms should be written by writers who changed their German, Polish, Jewish surnames to Russian ones. Thus, the author of “The Naked Year” and “The Tale of the Unextinguished Moon” Boris Pilnyak(1894-1938) at birth bore the surname Vogau, but changed it for the publication of his first youthful works and subsequently published only under a fictitious surname, meaning a resident of a village where wood was cut.
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Vikenty Vikentyevich Veresaev(1867-1945), author of the timeless "Notes of a Doctor", came from the old noble family of Smidovich; a major figure in the Bolshevik movement and party leader in Soviet times, Pyotr Smidovich, is the writer’s second cousin.
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The traveler Vasily Yanchevetsky (1874-1954), having taken up historical fiction and succeeded in this field, shortened his surname to Jan. Readers of “Lights on the Mounds,” “Genghis Khan,” and “Batu” know him by this name.
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Author of "Two Captains" Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin(1902-1989) was born into the Zilber family, but, having entered the literary field, he borrowed the name from a friend of A.S. Pushkin, the daring hussar and rake Pyotr Kaverin. It is remarkable that Zilber defended his dissertation at Leningrad University on Osip Senkovsky, the most popular writer in the mid-19th century, who became famous under the pseudonym Baron Brambeus. And Osip Ivanovich was a master of pseudonyms: he signed himself, among other things, as “Ivan Ivanov, son of Khokhotenko-Khlopotunov-Pustyakovsky, retired second lieutenant, landowner of various provinces and cavalier of integrity” and “Dr. Karl von Bitterwasser.”
Did you know that behind the big names of famous personalities there can be hidden lesser-known, not always easy to remember and beautiful names and surnames. Some people have to take a pseudonym solely for security reasons, others believe that they can achieve fame only with a short or original pseudonym, and some change their last name or first name just like that, in the hope that this will change their life. Here is a small list of pseudonyms and real names of famous writers.
Boris Akunin - Grigory Shalvovich Chkhartishvili (b. 1956). Russian writer, literary critic, translator. All 90s of the XX century. writing popular books of the “low genre”, that is, detective stories and thrillers, was considered an activity unworthy of an intelligent person: the author should not be smarter than his works. Moreover, as the writer himself admitted in an interview, bookstore merchandisers would never have pronounced Chkhartishvili’s name anyway. But Boris Akunin speaks easily and immediately sets the school-graduated reader in the mood for the classics of the 19th century. "Aku-nin" in Japanese means "bad person", "scoundrel". According to another version, this pseudonym was chosen in honor of the famous Russian anarchist Bakunin.
In 2012, Boris Akunin confirmed in his LiveJournal blog that he is the author, hiding under the pseudonym Anatoly Brusnikin. Three historical novels were published under this name: “The Ninth Savior”, “Hero of Another Time” and “Bellona”. In addition, he revealed that he is also the author of novels under the female pseudonym Anna Borisova: “There ...”, “Creative” and “Vremenagoda
Eduard Bagritsky - Eduard Grigorievich Dzyubin (1895−1934).
Russian poet, translator and playwright. Author of works: “The Birdcatcher”, “Till Eulenspiegel”, “The Thought of Opanas”, “Smugglers”, “The Death of a Pioneer” and others. Since 1915, he wrote under the pseudonym “Eduard Bagritsky” and the female mask “Nina Voskresenskaya” and began publishing his poems in Odessa literary almanacs. He was published in Odessa newspapers and humor magazines under the pseudonyms “Someone Vasya”, “Nina Voskresenskaya”, “Rabkor Gortsev”. The author apparently took the pseudonym Bagritsky in honor of his partisan past in Budyonny’s 1st Cavalry Army. He himself characterized his pseudonym as follows: “It sounds like wartime. There is something in it from my poems.”
Demyan Bedny - Pridvorov Efim Alekseevich (1883−19,450).
Russian and Soviet poet. He wrote a large number of fables, songs, ditties and poems of other genres. A major bibliophile, well versed in the history of books, collected one of the largest private libraries in the USSR (over 30 thousand volumes). The history of the origin of his pseudonym is as follows: one day the poet brought to the printing house a poem “About Demyan the Poor, a harmful man” and his next arrival was greeted by the printing house workers with exclamations: “Demyan the Poor is coming!” This nickname stuck with Pridvorov and later became his pseudonym. By the way, the poet’s uncle, a really poor peasant from the Kherson region, was called Demyan.
By the way, Demyan Bedny became one of the prototypes of Ivan Bezdomny in Mikhail Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”.
Andrei Bely - Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev (1880−1934).
Russian writer, poet, prose writer, critic, memoirist. One of the leading figures of symbolism.
The pseudonym “Andrei Bely”, by B. N. Bugaev’s own admission, was invented for him by the father of his friend Mikhail Solovyov, who was the son of the famous historian, author of the multi-volume “History of Russia from Ancient Times” Sergei Solovyov. White is a sacred, comforting color, representing a harmonious combination of all colors - the favorite color of Vladimir Solovyov.
Kir (Kirill) Bulychev - Igor Mozheiko (1934−2003). Science fiction writer, Doctor of Historical Sciences, employee of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
The author of more than 200 works, including: a cycle about the girl Alice, a cycle about the great city of Guslyar, the adventures of Doctor Pavlysh and many others. Winner of the Aelita Science Fiction Prize, Knight of the Order of the Knights of Fantasy.
He published his fantastic works exclusively under a pseudonym, which was composed of the name of his wife (Kira) and the maiden name of the writer’s mother. The writer kept his real name a secret until 1982, because he believed that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies would not consider science fiction a serious activity, and was afraid that after revealing his pseudonym he would be fired. Sometimes he used other pseudonyms: Mints Lev Khristoforovich, Lozhkin Nikolai, Maung Sein Ji.
Agatha Christie
Mary Westmacott (Westmacott) is the pseudonym of the English writer, master of detective stories, Agatha Christie, under which she published 6 psychological novels: “The Bread of Giants”, “An Unfinished Portrait”, “Separated in the Spring” (“Lost in the Spring”), “Rose and Yew” , “Daughter is Daughter”, “Burden” (“Burden of Love”).
Volodin Alexander Moiseevich - Lifshits Alexander Moiseevich (1919 - 2001).
Playwright, prose writer, film screenwriter. Based on his scripts, plays were staged and films were made: “Five Evenings”, “Elder Sister”, “Assignment”, “Do not part with your loved ones”, “Dulcinea of Toboso”, “Two Arrows” and many others.
The pseudonym was formed from the name of Volodya’s son.
Arkady Gaidar - Golikov Arkady Petrovich (1904−1941). Soviet children's writer, one of the founders of modern children's literature, author of the stories “Timur and his team”, “Chuk and Gek”, “The Fate of the Drummer”, etc. An active participant in the Civil War. During the Great Patriotic War, Gaidar was in the active army, as a correspondent for Komsomolskaya Pravda, was a machine gunner in a partisan detachment, and died in battle.
There are two versions of the origin of the pseudonym Gaidar. The first one, which has become widespread, is “gaidar” - in Mongolian “a horseman galloping in front”. According to another version, Arkady Golikov could take the name Gaidar as his own: in Bashkiria and Khakassia, where he visited, the names Gaidar (Geidar, Haydar, etc.) are found very often. This version was supported by the writer himself.
Galperin
Nora Gal - Galperina Eleonora Yakovlevna (1912−1991). Russian translator. She translated over 1000 works from English and French - “The Little Prince” and “Planet of Men” by Saint-Exupéry, “The Stranger” by A. Camus, stories by R. Bradbury, J. London, S. Maugham, Edgar Allan Poe, etc.
Galperina herself explained the origin of the pseudonym as follows: “There are a lot of Galperins, the surname is so common that at the institute and graduate school I turned out to be the namesake of my supervisor, and began to publish in that magazine. This would have been very unpleasant for her, but, fortunately, even earlier and in another As a matter of fact, I was already published under the school “nickname” - an abbreviation, as was common in the 20s, and so it went: Gal.”
Rasul Gamzatov - Tsadasa Rasul Gamzatovich (1923−2003).
Avar poet, people's poet of Dagestan.
I chose the pseudonym after my father, also a poet, Gamzat Tsadasa. At first, Rasul signed poems with his father’s pseudonym - Tsadas. But one day a mountaineer, who did not know that Rasul wrote poetry, said to him: “Listen, what happened to your respected father? Previously, having read his poems just once, I immediately memorized them by heart, but now I can’t even understand! " And then Rasul decided to make his father’s name his surname and began to sign Rasul Gamzatov.
Maxim Gorky - Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov (1868−1936). Russian and Soviet writer. Author of the well-known works “Song of the Petrel”, “Mother”, “The Life of Klim Samgin”, etc.
He associated himself and his work with the bitterness of life and the bitterness of truth - hence the pseudonym. At the very beginning of his literary career, he also wrote feuilletons in the Samara Gazeta under the pseudonym Yehudiel Khlamida. M. Gorky himself emphasized that the correct pronunciation of his last name is Peshkov, although almost everyone pronounces it as Peshkov.
Alexander Green - Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky (1880−1932).
Russian writer, prose writer, representative of the movement of romantic realism, author of the novels “Scarlet Sails”, “Running on the Waves”, “Golden Chain”, etc.
The writer's pseudonym became his childhood nickname Green - this is how the school shortened the long surname Grinevsky.
Daniel Defoe - Daniel Faux (1660−1731).
English writer and publicist, best known as the author of “The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe...”. De Foe is the surname of Daniel's ancestors. After several generations, the prefix De was lost, the family surname was transformed into the English manner, and the former Defoe began to be called simply Fo. In 1695, the aspiring writer returned it to its place. The reason was that Daniel decides to hide under a different name, because he had to hide from the authorities for participating in the uprising. And then from Daniel Foe he becomes Daniel Defoe. Although this surname is not completely alien, it is still not the same as what belongs to his parents.
Musa Jalil - Musa Mustafovich Zalilov (1906−1944).
Tatar Soviet poet. The most famous work is the Maobit Notebook.
For his participation in an underground organization, Musa was executed in a military prison in Berlin. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Jalil translated from the Tatar language means: “great”, “respected”, “famous”.
Elena Ilyina - Liya Yakovlevna Preis (1901−1964).
Soviet writer, sister of S. Ya. Marshak. She wrote a lot for children, the author of poems, poetic tales, stories, and essays. Author of the story “The Fourth Height.”
She took the pseudonym out of solidarity with her brother, who for some time wrote under the pseudonym M. Ilyin.
Ilya Arnoldovich Ilf - Ilya Fainzilberg (1897−1937).
The pseudonym is formed from part of the first name and the first letter of the last name: ILYA Fainzilberg.
Veniamin Kaverin - Veniamin Zilber (1902−1989).
The writer said about his pseudonym that “he took the surname Kaverin... meaning Pushkin’s friend, the dashing hussar. I was impressed by his courage and boldness.”
Kozma (Petrovich) Prutkov (1803−1863) is a literary mask under which they appeared in the magazines Sovremennik, Iskra and others in the 50s and 60s. XIX century Poets Alexey Tolstoy, brothers Alexey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov, as well as Pyotr Ershov.
Carlo Collodi - Carlo Lorenzini (1826−1890).
Lorenzini participated in the national liberation movement, so he needed a pseudonym. He began signing his works “Carlo Collodi” - after the name of the town where his mother was born.
Janusz Korczak - Ersch Henryk Goldschmit (1878−1942).
An outstanding Polish teacher, writer, doctor and public figure. In the fascist Treblinka concentration camp, he refused the freedom offered at the last minute and chose to stay with his children, accepting death with them in the gas chamber.
G. Goldschmit borrowed his pseudonym from the hero of the novel by Y. Kraszewski “The Story of Janasz Korczak and the Daughter of the Sword Bearer.” At the printing house, the typesetter accidentally changed Janash to Janusz; the writer liked this name and stayed with him for the rest of his life.
Lewis Carroll - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832−1898).
The pseudonym is formed on the principle of “translation” of the real name into Latin and reverse “translation” from Latin into English. Lewis Carroll signed all his mathematical and logical works under his real name, and all his literary works under a pseudonym.
Lazar Iosifovich Lagin - Ginzburg Lazar Iosifovich (1903−1979).
Jack London - John Griffith Cheney (1876−1916).
Max Frei is the literary pseudonym of two authors - writer Svetlana Martynchik (b. 1965) and artist Igor Stepin (b. 1967).
The series “Labyrinths of Echo” and “Chronicles of Echo” includes about 40 stories, which tell in the first person the adventures of an ordinary, at first glance, young man who dramatically changes his life by agreeing to the proposal of his new acquaintance from dreams - to move to another world and enter its service.
Thus, Max Fry is both a pseudonym and the main character
Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (1887−1964).
Russian Soviet poet, playwright, translator, literary critic.
The surname "Marshak" is an abbreviation meaning "Our teacher Rabbi Aharon Shmuel Kaydanover" and belongs to the descendants of this famous rabbi.
In his work, S. Ya. Marshak used the following pseudonyms: Doctor Fricken, Weller, S. Kuchumov, S. Yakovlev. The last pseudonym is a patronym formed after the poet’s father. Marshak used the pseudonym “Weller” in his youth. Weller is the surname of the cheerful servant Mr. Pickwick, a character in Charles Dickens's novel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club.
O. Henry - William Sidney Porter (1862−1910).
American short story writer. While serving his prison sentence, Porter worked in the infirmary and wrote stories, looking for a pseudonym. In the end, he chose the version of O. Henry (often incorrectly spelled like the Irish surname - O'Henry). Its origin is not entirely clear. The writer himself claimed in an interview that the name Henry was taken from the society news column in the newspaper, and the initial O. was chosen as the simplest letter. He told one of the newspapers that O. stands for Oliver (the French name Olivier), and indeed, he published several stories there under the name Oliver Henry. According to other sources, this is the name of the famous French pharmacist Etienne Océan Henri, whose medical reference book was popular at that time.
Leonid Panteleev - Alexey Ivanovich Eremeev (1908−1987).
Russian writer, author of the works “Republic of SHKID”, “Lyonka Panteleev”.
While in an orphanage, Alexey was distinguished by such a tough disposition that he received the nickname Lyonka Panteleev, after the famous Petrograd raider of those years. He left it as a literary pseudonym.
Evgeny Petrov - Evgeny Petrovich Kataev.
Russian writer who co-wrote with Ilf “12 Chairs”, “The Golden Calf”.
The younger brother of the writer Valentin Kataev did not want to take advantage of his literary fame, and therefore came up with a pseudonym derived from his father’s name.
Boris Polevoy - Borukh (Boris) Nikolaevich Kampov (1908−1981).
Soviet writer, whose fame was brought to him by The Tale of a Real Man.
The pseudonym Polevoy was born as a result of the proposal of one of the editors to “translate the surname Kampov from Latin” (campus - field) into Russian.
Joanna Kathleen Rowling (J. K. Rowling) - Joanna Murray Rowling (b. 1965).
English writer, author of the Harry Potter series of novels.
Before its first publication, the publisher feared that boys would be reluctant to buy a book written by a woman. Therefore, Rowling was asked to use initials instead of her full name. At the same time, the publishing house wanted the initials to consist of two letters. Rowling chose her grandmother's name, Kathleen, for her middle initial.
Other pseudonyms for JK Rowling: NewtScamander, KennilworthyWisp.
Rybakov Anatoly Naumovich - Aronov Anatoly Naumovich (1911−1998).
George Sand - Amanda Aurore Dupin (1804−1876).
Svetlov Mikhail - Sheinkman Mikhail Arkadievich (1903−1964).
Igor Severyanin - Lotarev Igor Vladimirovich (1887−1941).
Poet of the "Silver Age".
The pseudonym Northerner emphasizes the poet’s “northern” origin (he was born in the Vologda province).
According to another version, in his youth he went with his father on a trip to the Far East. This trip inspired the poet - hence the pseudonym Northerner.
Sef Roman Semyonovich - Roald Semyonovich Firemark (1931−2009).
Children's poet, writer, playwright, translator.
Sef is the party pseudonym of the writer’s father, Semyon Efimovich Firemark.
Tim Sobakin - Andrey Viktorovich Ivanov (b. 1958).
Russian writer, author of prose and poems for children.
Andrey Ivanov has a lot of pseudonyms. The writer explained their appearance as follows: “When I felt that my poems might be published today or tomorrow, I thought about a pseudonym. But nothing worthwhile came to my mind. And then on May 1, 1983, I accidentally saw a children’s film on TV. According to stories Gaidar. There, at the end, the boy stands in front of the squadron, so thin... And the commander solemnly: “For the courage and heroism shown, I express my gratitude to Grigory... what’s your last name?” And I immediately realized: this is mine. Especially when my mother reminded me that I was born in the year of the Dog. Moreover, I love these faithful creatures who do not betray. In Japan, a dog is a symbol of justice. Psov, and Savva Bakin, Nika Bosmith (Tim Sobakin on the contrary), AndrushkaYvanov, Sidor Tyaff, Stepan Timokhin, Sim Tobakin and others."
Mark Twain - Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835−1910).
American writer, journalist and public figure, author of the novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
Clemens claimed that the pseudonym "Mark Twain" was taken by him in his youth from river navigation terms. Then he was an assistant pilot on the Mississippi, and the cry “mark twain” (“marktwain” literally means “mark two fathoms”) meant that, according to the mark on the lotline, the minimum depth suitable for the passage of river vessels had been reached.
In addition to “Mark Twain,” Clemens signed himself once in 1896 as “Sieur Louis de Comte” (under this name he published his novel “Personal Memoirs of Joan of Arcsières of Louis de Comte, Her Page and Secretary”).
Pamela (Lyndon) Travers (P.L. Travers) - Helen Lyndon Goff (1899−1996).
English writer, mainly known as the author of the Mary Poppins series of children's books.
At first she tried herself on stage (Pamela is a stage name), playing exclusively in Shakespeare’s plays, but then her passion for literature won out, and she devoted herself entirely to writing, publishing her works under the pseudonym “P. L. Travers” (the first two initials were used to hide the woman’s name - a common practice for English-speaking writers).
Teffi - Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lokhvitskaya (1872−1952).
Russian writer, poetess, author of satirical poems and feuilletons.
She explained the origin of her pseudonym as follows: she knew a certain stupid man named Stefan, whom the servant called Steffy. Believing that stupid people are usually happy, she took this nickname for herself as a pseudonym, shortening it “for the sake of delicacy” to “Taffy.”
Another version of the origin of the pseudonym is offered by researchers of Teffi’s creativity, according to whom the pseudonym for Nadezhda Alexandrovna, who loved hoaxes and jokes, and was also the author of literary parodies and feuilletons, became part of a literary game aimed at creating an appropriate image of the author. There is also a version that Teffi took her pseudonym because her sister, the poetess Mirra Lokhvitskaya, who was called the “Russian Sappho,” was published under her real name.
Erin Hunter is the common pseudonym of four British writers, authors of the Warrior Cats, Wanderers and Survivors book series.
Cherith Baldry (1947), author of The Forest of Secrets, The Dangerous Path, The Battle for the Forest, The Message, Midnight, Moonrise, Starlight, Twilight, Sunset, "Les Miserables", "Long Shadows" and "Sunrise" from the "Warrior Cats" series, as well as books from the "Wanderers" series.
Victoria Holmes (b. 1975), editor and author of the book “Tribal Heroes” (Warrior Cats series).
Daniil Kharms - Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev (1905−1942).
Russian writer and poet.
In the writer's manuscripts there are about 40 different pseudonyms: Kharms, Haarms, Dandan, Charms, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling and others.
The pseudonym “Kharms” (a combination of the French “charme” - charm, charm and the English “harm” - harm) most accurately reflected the essence of the writer’s attitude to life and creativity.
Joanna Khmelevskaya - Irena Barbara Joanna Becker (b. 1932)
Famous Polish writer, author of female ironic detective stories (more than 60: “Wedge with wedge”, “What the dead man said”, “Everything is red or crime in Allerod”, “Forest”, “Harpies”, “Wells of the ancestors” and many others.) and many others. the founder of this genre for Russian readers.
Pseudonym - great-grandmother's surname.
Sasha Cherny - Glikberg Alexander Mikhailovich (1880−1932).
Poet.
The family had five children, two of whom were named Sasha. The blonde was called "White", the brunette - "Black". Hence the pseudonym.
Korney Chukovsky - Korneychukov Nikolai Vasilievich (1882−1969).
Russian writer, poet, translator, literary critic.
The poet's pseudonym is formed from the division of the surname: Korneychukov Korney Chukovsky
Representatives of creative professions often use pseudonyms, the reasons for this can be very different, I have always wondered why people take a different name for themselves, and in general it can be surprising to find out that the name of the writer you are used to is not real. I decided to compile a selection of famous writers who used a pseudonym.
1. Boris Akunin, aka Anatoly Brusnikin and Anna Borisova - pseudonyms of Grigory Chkhartishvili
Initially he published his works as B. Akunin. The Japanese word “akunin” (Japanese 悪人), according to one of the heroes of the novel “The Diamond Chariot,” is translated as “scoundrel, villain,” but of gigantic proportions, in other words, an outstanding personality standing on the side of evil. And it was precisely these villains that Erast Fandorin encountered throughout his career. The decoding of “B” as “Boris” appeared a few years later, when the writer began to be frequently interviewed.
He publishes critical and documentary works under his real name.
2. Georges Sand - real name Amandine Aurora Lucille Dupin, married to Baroness Dudevant.
At the beginning of her writing career, Aurora wrote together with Jules Sandot (French fiction writer): the novels “The Commissioner” (1830), “Rose and Blanche” (1831), which had great success among readers, were published under his signature, since the stepmother of Casimir Dudevant ( husband Aurora) did not want to see her last name on the covers of books. Already on her own, Aurora began new work on the novel “Indiana,” the theme of which was the contrast of a woman seeking ideal love with a sensual and vain man. Sando approved the novel, but refused to sign someone else's text. Aurora chose a male pseudonym: this became for her a symbol of deliverance from the slavish position to which modern society doomed women. Keeping the surname Sand, she added the name Georges.
3. Richard Bachman - the pseudonym under which Stephen King published the books "Rage", "The Long Walk", "Road Work", "The Running Man", and "Thinner"
There are two versions about the reasons that prompted King to take a pseudonym. The first is to see if his alter ego can achieve the same success as himself. The second explanation is that the publishing standards of the time allowed only one book per year. The surname Bachman was not taken by chance; he is a fan of the musical group Bachman-Turner Overdrive.
4. Joe Hill Real name: Joseph Hillstrom King, son of Stephen King.
Wanting to achieve literary success on his own, without using the fame of his father's name, he took the pseudonym "Joe Hill". It was both an abbreviation of his real name Joseph and his middle name Hillstrom, and alluded to the person in whose honor Joseph Hillstrom was named - the famous American labor activist of the early 20th century and songwriter Joe Hill, who was unfairly accused of murder and executed in an American prison in 1915.
5. Robert Galbraith is the pseudonym of JK Rowling, used for the detective series about Cormoran Strike.
According to Rowling herself, publishing a book under a pseudonym relieved her of the pressure to meet readers' expectations and meet a fixed level of quality, and, conversely, gave her the opportunity to hear criticism of work that does not bear her name. She told the Sunday Times magazine that she hoped that her involvement in writing the novel would not be revealed soon.
The publisher's website claimed that Robert Galbraith was the pseudonym of a former member of the Royal Military Police Special Investigations Unit who left in 2003 and went into private security business.
6. George Elliott's real name is Mary Ann Evans.
Like many other writers of the 19th century (George Sand, Marco Vovchok, the Brontë sisters - “Carrer, Ellis and Acton Bell”, Krestovsky-Khvoshchinskaya) - Mary Evans used a male pseudonym in order to arouse in the public a serious attitude towards her writings and caring for the integrity of your personal life. (In the 19th century, her works were translated into Russian without disclosing her pseudonym, which was inflected like a man’s first and last name: “a novel by George Eliot”).
7. Kir Bulychev real name Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko
He published science fiction works exclusively under a pseudonym. The first work of fiction, the story “The Debt of Hospitality,” was published as “a translation of a story by the Burmese writer Maung Sein Ji.” Bulychev subsequently used this name several more times, but most of his science fiction works were published under the pseudonym “Kirill Bulychev” - the pseudonym was combined from the name of his wife, Kira, and the maiden name of the writer’s mother. Subsequently, the name “Kirill” on the covers of books began to be written in abbreviation - “Kir.”, and then the “abbreviated” period was changed, and this is how the now famous “Kir Bulychev” turned out. The combination Kirill Vsevolodovich Bulychev also occurred. The writer kept his real name a secret until 1982, because he believed that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies would not consider science fiction a serious activity, and was afraid that after revealing his pseudonym he would be fired.
8. Arkady Gaidar, real name Golikov
Vladimir Soloukhin in the artistic and journalistic book “Salt Lake” gives a story according to which the pseudonym “Gaidar” is associated with the activities of A.P. Golikov as the head of the 2nd combat region of the ChON of the Achinsk district of the Yenisei province (now the Republic of Khakassia) in 1922-1924 years:
“Gaidar,” Misha said slowly, as usual, “the word is purely Khakassian.” Only the correct sound is not “Gaidar”, but “Haidar”; and it does not mean “going forward” and not “forward-looking”, but simply “where”. And this word stuck to him because he asked everyone: “Haidar?” That is, where to go? He didn’t know any other Khakass words.
The name “Gaidar” reminded the writer of his school years, bearing in mind that the “G” in this name meant “Golikov”, the “ai” meant “Arkady”, and the “gift”, as if echoing the hero of Alexandre Dumas, D’Artagnan, “in the French manner” meant “from Arzamas.” Thus, the name “Gaidar” stands for “Golikov Arkady from Arzamas.”
The third version of the origin of the pseudonym and surname: from Ukrainian “gaidar” is a sheep shepherd. Arkady Golikov’s childhood was connected with the Gaidars, as he spent several summer months with them for several years in a row. He liked these places and his childhood memories so much that he chose the pseudonym Arkady Gaidar.
9. Teffi Real name Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lokhvitskaya
For the first time, the name Teffi (without initials) appears in the 51st issue of the Theater and Art magazine, in December 1901 (this is the second publication of the writer). Perhaps Teffi took a pseudonym because long before the start of her literary activity, her older sister, the poetess Mirra Lokhvitskaya, whom critics nicknamed the “Russian Sappho,” gained fame. (By the beginning of her literary career, Teffi had already separated from her first husband, after whom she bore the last name Buchinskaya). According to researchers of Teffi’s creativity E.M. Trubilova and D.D. Nikolaev, the pseudonym for Nadezhda Alexandrovna, who loved hoaxes and jokes, and was also the author of literary parodies and feuilletons, became part of a literary game aimed at creating an appropriate image of the author.
The version of the origin of the pseudonym is set out by the writer herself in the story “Pseudonym”. She did not want to sign her texts with a man’s name, as contemporary writers often did: “I didn’t want to hide behind a male pseudonym. Cowardly and cowardly. It’s better to choose something incomprehensible, neither this nor that. But - what? We need a name that would bring happiness. The best name is the name of some fool - fools are always happy.” She “remembered one fool, truly excellent and, in addition, one who was lucky, which means that fate itself recognized him as an ideal fool. His name was Stepan, and his family called him Steffy. Having dropped the first letter out of delicacy (so that the fool would not become arrogant),” the writer “decided to sign her play “Taffy””. After the successful premiere of this play, in an interview with a journalist, when asked about the pseudonym, Teffi replied that “it’s... the name of one fool..., that is, such a surname.” The journalist noted that he was “told it was from Kipling.” Taffy, who remembered Kipling’s name, as well as the song “Taffy was a walesman / Taffy was a thief...” from Trilby, agreed with this version.
10. Mark Twain Real name Samuel Langhorne Clemens
Clemens claimed that the pseudonym Mark Twain was taken by him in his youth from river navigation terms. Then he was an assistant pilot on the Mississippi, and the cry of “mark twain” (literally “mark two”) meant that, according to the mark on the lotline, the minimum depth suitable for the passage of river vessels had been reached - 2 fathoms (≈ 3 .7 m).
However, there is a version about the literary origin of this pseudonym: in 1861, Vanity Fair magazine published a humorous story by Artemus Ward (real name Charles Brown) “North Star” about three sailors, one of whom was named Mark Twain. Samuel was very fond of the humorous section of this magazine and read Ward's works in his first appearances.
In addition to “Mark Twain,” Clemens once signed himself in 1896 as “Sieur Louis de Conte” (French: Sieur Louis de Conte) - under this name he published his novel “Personal Memoirs of Joan of Arc of Sir Louis de Conte, her page and secretary."
11. Max Fry is the literary pseudonym of two authors - Svetlana Martynchik and Igor Stepin
The book series was written by Svetlana Martynchik in collaboration with Igor Stepin and published under the pseudonym “Max Frei”. The authors maintained some anonymity, not revealing their pseudonyms and not appearing in public specifically as the authors of novels (they were known as artists). On the website “Physionomy of the Russian Internet”, under the name Max Fry, there was a portrait of an unknown black man. Coupled with jokes from the Azbuka publishing house that Max Fry was a blue-eyed black man, this fueled rumors that “literary blacks” were writing under a pseudonym.
My pseudonym was chosen precisely because of my hero. I wanted the name of the author and the name of the character from whom the story is told to match. Svetlana Martynchik
Maria Zakharova notes that the language game characteristic of Max Frei’s texts is also manifested in the choice of pseudonym: “for example, Max Frei - max frei (German) - “maximum freely”” and “it is important to note that both Max Frei and Holm Van Zaichik - fictitious, “game”, pseudonyms of Russian-speaking authors"""
12. O. Henry real name William Sidney Porter
In prison, Porter worked in the infirmary as a pharmacist (a rare profession in prison) and wrote stories, looking for a pseudonym. In the end, he chose the version of O. Henry (often incorrectly spelled like the Irish surname O'Henry - O'Henry). Its origin is not entirely clear. The writer himself claimed in an interview that the name Henry was taken from the society news column in the newspaper, and the initial O. was chosen as the simplest letter. He told one of the newspapers that O. stands for Olivier (the French name Olivier), and indeed, he published several stories there under the name Olivier Henry.
According to other sources, this is the name of the famous French pharmacist Etienne Ocean Henry, whose medical reference book was popular at that time.
Another hypothesis was put forward by writer and scientist Guy Davenport: “Oh. Henry" is nothing more than an abbreviation of the name of the prison where the author was imprisoned - Ohio Penitentiary (Ohio State Penitentiary). Also known as the Arena District, which burned to the ground on April 21, 1930.
Al Jennings, who was in prison with Porter and became famous as the author of the book "Through the Dark with O. Henry" (there is an option to translate the title "With O. Henry at the Bottom"), in his book says that the pseudonym was taken from a famous cowboy song , where there are the following lines: “My beloved returned at 12 o’clock. Tell me, O Henry, what is the sentence?” .
There is an opinion that “The famous American writer W. Porter took the pseudonym O. Henry in honor of the physicist J. Henry, whose name was constantly uttered with admiration by the school teacher: “Oh! Henry! It was he who discovered that the discharge of a capacitor through a coil is oscillatory in nature!’” He wrote his first story under this pseudonym, “Dick the Whistler’s Christmas Gift,” published in 1899 in McClure’s Magazine, in prison.
13. George Orwell. Real name Eric Arthur Blair
Starting with the story “Pounds of Dashing in Paris and London” (1933), based on autobiographical material, he was published under the pseudonym “George Orwell”.
14. Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov
Ilya Ilf - Ilya Arnoldovich Fainzilberg The pseudonym is formed from part of the first name and the first letter of the surname: ILYA Fainzilberg. Evgeny Petrov - Evgeny Petrovich Kataev The younger brother of the writer Valentin Kataev did not want to take advantage of his literary fame, and therefore came up with a pseudonym derived from his father's name.
15. Alexander Green real name is Grinevsky
The writer's pseudonym became the childhood nickname Green - this is how the long surname Grinevsky was shortened at school.
16. Fannie Flagg Real name Patricia Neal
At the beginning of her acting career, she had to change her name, because despite the sonority, it was the same name of the Oscar winner.
17. Lazar Lagin Real name Ginzburg
The pseudonym Lagin is an abbreviation for Lazar Ginzburg, the writer’s first and last name.
18. Boris Polevoy Real name Kampov
The pseudonym Polevoy came about as a result of one of the editors’ proposal to “translate the surname Kampov from Latin” (campus - field) into Russian. One of the few pseudonyms invented not by the bearer, but by other persons.
19. Daniil Kharms Real name Yuvachev
Around 1921-1922, Daniil Yuvachev chose the pseudonym “Kharms”. Researchers have put forward several versions of its origin, finding sources in English, German, French, Hebrew, and Sanskrit. It should be noted that in the writer’s manuscripts there are about forty pseudonyms (Kharms, Haarms, Dandan, Charms, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling and others). When submitting an application to join the All-Russian Union of Poets on October 9, 1925, Kharms answered the questionnaire questions as follows:
1. Last name, first name, patronymic: "Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev-Kharms"
2. Literary pseudonym: “No, I’m writing Kharms”
20. Maxim Gorky real name - Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov
The pseudonym M. Gorky first appeared on September 12, 1892 in the Tiflis newspaper “Caucasus” in the caption to the story “Makar Chudra”. Subsequently, the author said: “I shouldn’t write in literature - Peshkov...”
21. Lewis Carroll real name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
This pseudonym was invented on the advice of publisher and writer Yates. It is formed from the author's real names "Charles Lutwidge", which are equivalents of the names "Charles" (Latin: Carolus) and "Louis" (Latin: Ludovicus). Dodgson chose other English equivalents of the same names and swapped them around.
22. Veniamin Kaverin real name is Zilber
The pseudonym “Kaverin” was taken by him in honor of the hussar P. P. Kaverin, a friend of the young Pushkin, whom he introduced under his own name in the first chapter of “Eugene Onegin”
23. Voltaire's real name is Francois-Marie Arouet
Voltaire - anagram of "Arouet le j(eune)" - "Arouet the younger" (Latin spelling - AROVETLI
24. Kozma Prutkov
The literary mask under which the poets Aleksey Tolstoy (the largest contribution in quantitative terms), the brothers Aleksey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov (in fact, the collective pseudonym of all four)
25. Stendhal's real name is Marie-Henri Beyle
As a pseudonym he took the name of Winckelmann’s hometown, whose laurels he claimed. Why Frederick is often added to the pseudonym Stendhal is a mystery.
26. Alberto Moravia
His real surname was Pinkerle, and the pseudonym Moravia, taken later, was the surname of his Jewish paternal grandmother.
27. Alexandra Marinina real name - Marina Anatolyevna Alekseeva
In 1991, Marina Alekseeva, together with her colleague Alexander Gorkin, wrote the detective story “The Six-Winged Seraphim,” which was published in the magazine “Police” in the fall of 1992. The story was signed with the pseudonym “Alexandra Marinina,” made up of the authors’ names.
28. Andrey Platonov - real name Andrey Platonovich Klimentov
In the 1920s, he changed his last name from Klimentov to Platonov (the pseudonym was formed on behalf of the writer’s father).
29. Eduard Limonov real name is Savenko
The pseudonym “Limonov” was invented by cartoonist Vagrich Bakhchanyan
30. Joseph Kell - the novel “Inside Mr. Enderby” by Anthony Burgess was published under this pseudonym
Fun fact - the editor of the newspaper where Burgess worked did not know that he was the author of the novel “Inside Mr. Enderby,” so he assigned Burgess to write a review - thus, the author wrote a review of his own book.
31. Toni Morrison Real name: Chloe Ardelia Wofford
While studying at Harvard, she acquired the pseudonym “Tony” - a derivative of her middle name Anthony, which, according to her, was given to her when she converted to Catholicism at the age of 12
32. Vernon Sullivan
Alias Boris Vian, who has used 24 aliases, Vernon Sullivan is the most famous of them.
33. Andre Maurois Real name - Emil Erzog
Subsequently, the pseudonym became his official name.
34. Mary Westmacott (Westmacott)- the pseudonym of the English writer, master of detective stories, Agatha Christie, under which she published 6 psychological novels: “The Bread of Giants”, “An Unfinished Portrait”, “Separated in the Spring” (“Lost in the Spring”), “The Rose and the Yew”, “A Daughter is a Daughter” ", "Nosha" ("Burden of Love").
35. Moliere's real name is Jean-Baptiste Poquelin
36. Yuz Aleshkovsky real name Iosif Efimovich Aleshkovsky
37. Sirin V. - pseudonym of Vladimir Nabokov
38. Pamela Travers real name Helen Lyndon Goff
39. Daria Dontsova - real name - Agrippina
40. Knut Hamsun real name Knud Pedersen
41. Anatole France real name - Francois Anatole Thibault
42. Daniel Defoe - real name Foe
43. Ayn Rand née Alisa Zinovievna Rosenbaum
44. Irving Stone's real name is Tennenbaum
Behind the big names of personalities known to us, there may be lesser-known, not always easy to remember and beautiful names and surnames. Some people have to take a pseudonym solely for security reasons, others believe that they can achieve fame only with a short or original pseudonym, and some change their last name or first name just like that, in the hope that this will change their life. Literary pseudonyms are popular among many authors, both domestic and foreign. Moreover, not only writers starting their careers hide behind fictitious names, but also recognized writers, such as JK Rowling and the “great and terrible” Stephen King himself.
