Types of adjectives with several subordinate clauses. NGN with several subordinate clauses with different types of subordination

Compare offers. What do you think of each person's diagram?

About what?

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The children told , that they picked flowers , which mom loves.
The children told , that they went to the meadow And that they picked flowers there.
When everyone sat down at the table , (Then) the children told , that they went to the meadow.

Which ones?

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About what?

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About what?

When?

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In TDO!

polynomial

(2 or more subordinate clauses)

Types of communication

subordination

sequential

subordination

homogeneous

heterogeneous

Subordinate clauses one type and relate one word / to all main part.

Subordinate clauses different types OR refer to different words in the main part.

+ mixed type (combined)

Punctuation in a sentence with multiple clauses

[…] , (sub.c) __ COMPOSITION.UNION__ (sub.s.)

(i.e. how with homogeneous terms )

Example: She dreamed out loud about how she would live in the city and what an interesting life it would be .

[…] , (sub.s. , (sub.s...) , …)
[…] , (sub.s. __ (sub.s...) , THAT …)

Homework

Ex. 167.

OGE. Task 13.

Find a complex sentence among sentences 1-6 With consistent submission
(1) No one, like a mother, knows how to hide her suffering and torment so deeply. (2) And no one, like children, knows how to so calmly not notice what is happening to their mother. (3) She doesn’t complain, which means she feels good. (4) I’ve never seen my mother cry. (5) Not once did her eyes moisten in my presence, not once did she complain to me about life, about pain. (6) I didn’t know that this was the mercy she showed me.

Answer:23

OGE. Task 13.

Among sentences 23−27, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(23) Tolik saw how, in the smoke that shrouded the surroundings, two firefighters in helmets rushed to the house, unwinding their hoses as they went, and another car drove up. (24) But the firefighters ran slower because they were delayed by a heavy hose, and Tolik and his father overtook them. (25) Next to Tyomka’s house there was a dry poplar tree. (26) It was already burning with all its might, like a torch. (27) The burnt branches fell like red worms onto the roof, and the roof burst into flames before Tolik’s eyes and took over in an instant.

Answer:6

OGE. Task 13.

Find a complex sentence among sentences 21–26 subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(21) Mikha told in detail how in the morning, on the way to school, he pulled out a poor kitten almost from the very mouth of a dog that was about to bite him to death. (22) But he could not take him home, because the aunt with whom he had been living since last Monday still doesn’t know how she would react to this. (23) The three of them left school. (24) The boys wandered and chatted, chatted and wandered, and then stopped near the Yauza and fell silent. (25) We felt at the same time how good it was: trust, friendship, equality. (26) And there is no idea who is more important; on the contrary, everyone is equally interesting to each other.

Answer:22

OGE. Task 13.

Find a complex sentence among sentences 36-40 with uniform subordination subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(36) When you work in an ambulance, you are ready for anything, but he did not expect such a turn of events. (37) When the boy and the driver approached the car, people had already begun to gather there. (38) An ambulance standing across the pavement managed to attract onlookers. (39) They crowded around the car, asking each other what happened, what was the matter, who was run over. (40) But no one was lying on the pavement, and a driver in a cap with a leather visor and a lanky boy with skates under his arm were quickly walking towards the car.

Answer: 39

OGE. Task 13.

Find a complex sentence among sentences 1-9 with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) I sat in front of the living Ivan Bunin, watching his hand, which slowly turned over the pages of my common notebook... (2) I must write poetry every day, just as a violinist or pianist must certainly spend several hours every day without skipping play your instrument. (3) Otherwise, your talent will inevitably become scarce and dry up, like a well from which no water is drawn for a long time. (4) What should I write about? (5)0 anything. (6) If you don’t have any topic or idea at the moment, then simply write about everything you see. (7) A dog is running with its tongue hanging out, he said, looking out the window, describe the dog. (8) One or two quatrains. (9) But it is certain, it is certain that it is this dog, and not some other one.

Answer: 6

OGE. Task 13.

Find a complex sentence among sentences 2-8 with sequential subordination subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(2) He was riding in a minibus, and when a girl in a pink jacket got out on Pobeda Avenue, he, changing to her seat, saw a mobile phone on the seat. (3) Of course, he could have shouted and stopped this bungler, but why should he suddenly take care of her, no, let life teach such people. (4) Lesnevsky, seeing someone else’s mobile phone, did not choke with joy, like some money-grubber who in life strives to snatch a thicker and sweeter piece. (5) He indifferently turned the phone over in his hands: monochrome display, cheap model. (6) Of course, he wouldn’t buy such nonsense, but, on the other hand, how could he not take advantage of what he got for free? (7) Lesnevsky told himself that if the girl came to her senses and caught up with the minibus, he would return the lost item to her, it would even turn out that he had saved the phone for her, and if she didn’t come to her senses... (8) Well, don’t just throw it away So.

An IPP can have more than one subordinate clause. In this case, it is important to understand how all the parts of a complex sentence are related to each other, what obeys what. Three types are possible:

1) consistent submission,
2) parallel subordination,
3) homogeneous subordination.

Consistent submission

With sequential subordination, a chain of sentences is formed: the first subordinate clause is subordinate to the main clause, the second subordinate clause is subordinate to the first subordinate clause, etc. With this type of subordination, each subordinate clause is the main one for the subsequent subordinate clause.

Example: [She was horrified"], (when she found out), (that the father was carrying the letter) (F. Dostoevsky) -, (p. when verb.), (p. that).

subordinate clauses form a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree (clause of the 2nd degree), etc.

Parallel subordination

If subordinate clauses of different types belong to one main sentence, then parallel subordination is formed. With this type of subordination, both subordinate clauses belong to the same main clause. It is important that these clauses are of different types and they answer different questions.

Example: Parallel subordination

(If I had a hundred lives), [they would not satisfy all the thirst for knowledge], (which burns me) (V. Bryusov) - (conjunction if), [noun], (v. word which).

Heterogeneous clauses have different meanings, answer different questions, or depend on different words in a sentence.

Homogeneous Subordination

If subordinate clauses are sentences of the same type and refer to the same member of the main sentence or the entire main sentence as a whole, then a homogeneous subordination is formed. With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses answer the same question.

Example: [But it’s sad to think], (that youth was given to us in vain), (that they cheated on her all the time), (that she deceived us)... (A. Pushkin) - [verb], (conjunction that), (conjunction what), (conjunction what)...

Homogeneous clauses, like homogeneous clauses, have the same meaning, answer the same question and depend on one word in the main clause. Homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected with each other by coordinating conjunctions or without conjunctions (only with the help of intonation).

Considers the structure of phrases and sentences. At the same time, the construction and punctuation of various types of complex sentences, especially with three or more predicative parts, usually causes particular difficulty. Let us consider, using specific examples, the types of NGNs with several subordinate clauses, the ways of connecting the main and subordinate parts in them, and the rules for placing punctuation marks in them.

Complex sentence: definition

To clearly express a thought, we use various sentences characterized by the fact that they have two or more predicative parts. They can be equivalent in relation to each other or enter into a relationship of dependence. SPP is a sentence in which the subordinate part is subordinate to the main part and is joined to it using subordinating conjunctions and/or For example, “ [Styopka was very tired in the evening], (WHY?) (since he walked at least ten kilometers during the day)" Here and below the main part is indicated, and the dependent part is indicated by round parts. Accordingly, in SPPs with several subordinate clauses, at least three predicative parts are distinguished, two of which will be dependent: “ [The area, (WHAT?) (which we were now passing through), was well known to Andrei Petrovich], (WHY?) (since a good half of his childhood passed here)" It is important to correctly determine the sentences where commas should be placed.

SPP with several subordinate clauses

A table with examples will help you determine what types of complex sentences with three or more predicative parts are divided into.

Type of subordination of the subordinate part to the main part	Example
Sequential	The guys ran into the river, the water in which had already warmed up enough, because it had been incredibly hot the last few days.
Parallel (non-uniform)	When the speaker finished speaking, silence reigned in the hall, as the audience was shocked by what they heard.
Homogeneous	Anton Pavlovich said that reinforcements would soon arrive and that we just needed to be patient a little.
With different types of subordination	Nastenka re-read the letter, which was trembling in her hands, for the second time, and thought that she would now have to quit her studies, that her hopes for a new life had not come true.

Let's figure out how to correctly determine the type of subordination in an IPS with several subordinate clauses. The examples above will help with this.

Consistent submission

In a sentence " [The guys ran into the river] 1, (the water in which had already warmed up enough) 2, (because it had been incredibly hot the last few days) 3“First, we select three parts. Then, using questions, we establish semantic relationships: [... X ], (in which... X), (because...). We see that the second part has become the main part for the third.

Let's give another example. " [There was a vase with wildflowers on the table], (which the guys had collected), (when they went on an excursion to the forest)" The scheme of this IPS is similar to the first: [... X ], (which... X), (when...).

With homogeneous subordination, each subsequent part depends on the previous one. Such SPPs with several subordinate clauses - examples confirm this - resemble a chain, where each subsequent link is attached to the one located in front.

Parallel (heterogeneous) subordination

In this case, all subordinate clauses relate to the main clause (to the entire part or word in it), but answer different questions and differ in meaning. " (When the speaker finished speaking) 1, [silence reigned in the hall] 2, (as the audience was shocked by what they heard) 3 ". Let's analyze this SPP with several subordinate clauses. Its diagram will look like this: (when...), [... X], (since...). We see that the first subordinate clause (it comes before the main one) indicates time, and the second - the reason. Therefore, they will answer different questions. Second example: " [Vladimir definitely needed to find out today] 1, (at what time the train from Tyumen arrives) 2, (in order to meet his friend in time) 3" The first subordinate clause is explanatory, the second is goals.

Homogeneous Subordination

This is the case when it is appropriate to draw an analogy with another well-known syntactic construction. For the design of PPs with homogeneous members and such PPs with several subordinate clauses, the rules are the same. Indeed, in the sentence " [Anton Pavlovich talked about] 1, (that reinforcements will arrive soon) 2 and (that you just need to be patient a little) 3» subordinate clauses - 2nd and 3rd - refer to one word, answer the question “what?” and both are explanatory. In addition, they are connected to each other using the union And, which is not preceded by a comma. Let's imagine this in the diagram: [... X ], (what...) and (what...).

In SPPs with several subordinate clauses with homogeneous subordination between subordinate clauses, any coordinating conjunctions are sometimes used - the rules of punctuation will be the same as when formatting homogeneous members - and the subordinating conjunction in the second part may be completely absent. For example, " [He stood at the window for a long time and watched] 1, (as cars drove up to the house one after another) 2 and (workers unloaded construction materials) 3».

NGN with several subordinate clauses with different types of subordination

Very often, a complex sentence contains four or more parts. In this case, they can communicate with each other in different ways. Let's look at the example given in the table: " [Nastenka re-read the letter for the second time, (which was shaking in her hands) 2, and thought] 1, (that she would now have to quit her studies) 3, (that her hopes for a new life had not come true) 4" This is a sentence with parallel (heterogeneous) (P 1,2,3-4) and homogeneous (P 2,3,4) subordination: [... X, (which...),... X], (which...), (which... ). Or another option: " [Tatyana was silent all the way and just looked out the window] 1, (behind which small villages located close to each other flashed) 2, (where people were bustling about) 3 and (work was in full swing) 4)". This is a complex sentence with sequential (P 1,2,3 and P 1,2,4) and homogeneous (P 2,3,4) subordination: [... X ], (after which...), (where...) and (... ).

Punctuation marks at the junction of conjunctions

To arrange in a complex sentence, it is usually enough to correctly determine the boundaries of the predicative parts. The difficulty, as a rule, is the punctuation of NGN with several subordinate clauses - examples of schemes: [... X ], (when, (which...),...) or [... X ], [... X ], (as (with whom...), then ...) - when two subordinating conjunctions (conjunctive words) appear nearby. This is characteristic of sequential submission. In such a case, you need to pay attention to the presence of the second part of the double conjunction in the sentence. For example, " [An open book remained on the sofa] 1, (which, (if there was time left) 3, Konstantin would certainly have read to the end) 2". Second option: " [I swear] 1, (that (when I return home from a trip) 3, I will definitely visit you and tell you about everything in detail) 2 ". When working with such SPPs with several subordinate clauses, the rules are as follows. If the second subordinate clause can be excluded from the sentence without compromising the meaning, a comma is placed between conjunctions (and/or allied words); if not, it is absent. Let's return to the first example: " [There was a book on the sofa] 1, (which I had to finish reading) 2". In the second case, if the second subordinate clause is excluded, the grammatical structure of the sentence will be disrupted by the word “that”.

Something to remember

A good assistant in mastering SPP with several subordinate clauses are exercises, the implementation of which will help consolidate the acquired knowledge. In this case, it is better to follow the algorithm.

Read the sentence carefully, identify the grammatical basics in it and indicate the boundaries of the predicative parts (simple sentences).
Highlight all means of communication, not forgetting about compound or adjacent conjunctions.
Establish semantic connections between parts: to do this, first find the main one, then ask question(s) from it to the subordinate clause(s).
Construct a diagram, showing with arrows the dependence of the parts on each other, and place punctuation marks in it. Move commas into the written sentence.

Thus, attentiveness in the construction and analysis (including punctuation) of a complex sentence - SPP with several subordinate clauses specifically - and reliance on the above-listed features of this syntactic construction will ensure the correct completion of the proposed tasks.

Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses There are two main types: 1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main sentence; 2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc.

I. Subordinate clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous And heterogeneous.

1. Homogeneous subordinate clauses, like homogeneous members, they have the same meaning, answer the same question and depend on one word in the main clause. Homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected with each other by coordinating conjunctions or without conjunctions (only with the help of intonation). For example:

1) [But sad to think], (which is in vain was us youth is given), (What cheated to her all the time), (that deceived us she)... (A. Pushkin)- [verb], (conjunction What),(union What),(union What)...

2) [Dersu said], (What these are not clouds, but fog) So what Tomorrow it will be a sunny day and even hot) (V. Arsenyev).[verb], (what) and (what).

The connection of homogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause is called homogeneous subordination.

It should be borne in mind that with a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, it is possible to omit a conjunction or conjunction in the second (third) subordinate clause, for example:

(Where is the cheerful the sickle was walking) And ( the ear fell), [now everything is empty] (F. Tyutchev).(where) and ("), ["].

2. Heterogeneous clauses have different meanings, answer different questions, or depend on different words in a sentence. For example:

(If I have hundred lives), [ they wouldn't satisfy all thirst for knowledge], ( which burns me) (V. Bryusov)- (union If),[noun], (v. word which).

The connection of heterogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause is called parallel subordination.

II. The second type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are those in which the subordinate clauses form a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree (clause of the 2nd degree) etc. For example:

[She was horrified"], (When found out), (that the letter was carried father) (F. Dostoevsky)- , (With. When verb.), (p. What).

This connection is called consistent submission.

With sequential subordination, one clause can be inside another; in this case, two subordinating conjunctions may appear side by side: What And just in case And when that And because etc. (for punctuation marks at the junction of conjunctions, see the section “Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with two or more subordinate clauses”). For example:

[The water collapsed so scary], (what, (when the soldiers fled below), after them already were flying raging streams) (M. Bulgakov).

[uk.sl. so + adv.], (what, (when),").

In complex sentences with three or more subordinate clauses, there may be more complex combinations of subordinate clauses, for example:

(Who in young age didn't connect yourself with strong connections with an external and wonderful cause, or at least with simple, but honest and useful work), [ he can count your youth lost without a trace], (as if cheerfully she neither passed) and how many would pleasant memories she neither left).

(who), [pronoun], (however), (however). (Complex sentence with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination).

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries.

4. Draw up a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a verb), characterize the means of communication (conjunctions or allied words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (definitive, explanatory and etc.).

5. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses (uniform, parallel, sequential).

Sample analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1) [You look at the pale green sky, strewn with stars, (on which there is not a cloud or spot), and you'll understand], (why is summer warm air immovable), (why nature is on guard) (A. Chekhov).

[noun, (sel. on which), verb.], (sel. Why),(sel. Why).
will determine. will explain. will explain.

Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination: 1st subordinate clause - attributive clause (clause depends on the noun sky, answers the question which?, on which); 2nd and 3rd subordinate clauses - explanatory clauses (depending on the verb you'll understand answer the question What?, join with a conjunctive word Why).

2) [Any the person knows], (what should he have to do not that, ( what divides him with people), otherwise), ( what connects him with them) (L. Tolstoy).

[verb], (conjunction What locality, (village) What), places.), (s.ate.what).

will explain. local-determined local-determined

Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with sequential and parallel subordination: 1st subordinate clause - explanatory clause (depending on the verb knows answers the question What?, joins the union What), 2nd and 3rd clauses - pronominal clauses (each of them depends on the pronoun That, answers the question which one?, joins with a conjunctive word What).

.1. Non-union complex sentences

Non-union complex sentence - this is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are combined into one whole in meaning and intonation, without the help of conjunctions or allied words: [Habit from above to us given]: [replacement happiness she](A. Pushkin).

The semantic relations between simple sentences in conjunctions and are expressed in different ways. In allied sentences, conjunctions take part in their expression, so the semantic relationships here are more definite and clear. For example, union So expresses the consequence because- the reason, If- condition, however- opposition, etc.

The semantic relationships between simple sentences are expressed less clearly than in a conjunction. In terms of semantic relationships, and often in intonation, some are closer to complex ones, others - to complex ones. However, it is often the same non-union complex sentence in meaning it can be similar to both a compound and a complex sentence. Wed, for example: The spotlights came on- it became light all around; The spotlights came on and it became light all around; When the spotlights came on, it became light all around.

Meaningful relations in non-union complex sentences depend on the content of the simple sentences included in them and are expressed in oral speech by intonation, and in writing by various punctuation marks (see section “Punctuation marks in non-union complex sentence»).

IN non-union complex sentences The following types of semantic relations between simple sentences (parts) are possible:

I. Enumerative(some facts, events, phenomena are listed):

[I_ did not see you for a whole week], [I haven't heard you for a long time] (A. Chekhov) -, .

Such non-union complex sentences approach complex sentences with a connecting conjunction And.

Like the compound sentences synonymous with them, non-union complex sentences can express the value 1) simultaneity listed events and 2) their sequences.

1) \ Bemep howled plaintively and quietly], [in the darkness the horses neighed], [from the camp swam tender and passionate song- thought] (M. Gorky) -,,.

stirred ], [fluttered up half asleep bird] (V. Garshin)- ,.

Non-union complex sentences with enumerative relations may consist of two sentences, or may include three or more simple sentences.

II. Causal(the second sentence reveals the reason for what is said in the first):

[I unhappy]: [every day guests] (A. Chekhov). Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with complex subordinates with subordinate clauses.

III. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the first):

1) [Items were lost your form]: [ everything merged first into a gray, then into a dark mass] (I. Goncharov)-

2) [Like all Moscow residents, yours Father is like that]: [I would like he is a son-in-law with stars and ranks] (A. Griboyedov)-

Such non-union sentences are synonymous with sentences with an explanatory conjunction namely.

IV. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the word in the first part that has the meaning of speech, thought, feeling or perception, or a word that indicates these processes: listened, looked, looked back and so on.; in the second case we can talk about skipping words like see, hear and so on.):

1) [Nastya during the story I remembered]: [from yesterday remained whole untouched cast iron boiled potatoes] (M. Prishvin)- :.

2) [I came to my senses, Tatyana looks]: [bear No]... (A. Pushkin)- :.

Such non-conjunctive sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with explanatory clauses (I remembered that...; looks (and sees that)...).

V. Comparative and adversative relations (the content of the second sentence is compared with the content of the first or contrasted with it):

1) [All happy family looks like and each other], [each unhappy family but in my own way] (L. Tolstoy)- ,.

2) [Rank followed to him]- [he suddenly left] (A. Griboyedov)- - .

Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with complex sentences with adversative conjunctions a, but.

VI. Conditional-temporary(the first sentence indicates the time or condition for the implementation of what is said in the second):

1) [Do you like to ride] - [love and sleigh carry] (proverb)- - .

2) [See you with Gorky]- [talk with him] (A. Chekhov)--.

Such sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with subordinate clauses of condition or time.

VII. Consequences(the second sentence states the consequence of what is said in the first):

[Small the rain is falling since morning]- [it's impossible to get out] (I. Turgenev)- ^TT

In this chapter: