Arts and crafts for children of senior preschool age. Decorative and applied arts as a means of developing children's creative abilities Stages of development of a child's creative abilities

Project stage:

The project has been implemented

Objective of the project:

Forming in children a cognitive and creative interest in Russian folk culture, through familiarization with objects of decorative and applied art made by masters of the centers of Dymkovo toys, Khokhloma, Gorodets and Gzhel painting.

Project objectives:

Educational:
Continue to acquaint children with folk crafts (the history of their origin) and the objects of decorative and applied art they produce (Dymkovo toy; objects made by masters of the centers: Gorodets, Khokhloma, Gzhel painting).
Provide children with an individual trajectory for the development of knowledge in the depiction of decorative elements (dots, circles, stripes, wavy lines, droplets, arcs, etc.).
Enrich the subject-development environment in the group by starting to create a mini-museum of decorative and applied arts in it.
To create a team of like-minded children and parents who strive to preserve and pass on the culture of their people to others.
Educational:
To develop children's cognitive interest, creative activity, and analytical thinking.
Educational:
Cultivate interest in Russian decorative and applied arts; respectful attitude towards the work of craftsmen; national pride in the mastery of the Russian people.

Results achieved over the past year:

This project allowed:
1. Change the position of parents on introducing children to the national culture.
2. Form a team of like-minded children and parents through joint activities on the topic of the project.
3. Introduce visiting exhibitions, museums and exhibitions with children into the practice of family leisure.

Social significance of the project:

The modern Russian Federation, or Russia as we call it now, was formed on December 25, 1991. This new state united into a single whole representatives of more than 200 nationalities.
All these people, creating a new community, continue to carefully preserve the national identity of the history and culture of previous generations.
This unique centuries-old national wealth of each nation, in turn, is revealed in the art of painting, literature, architecture, support for the traditions of celebrating folk holidays and, of course, in folk crafts.
It is folk crafts in the products of their masters that give us the opportunity:
 see the beauty of native nature captured in the elements of painting;
 feel a sense of pride for your people (masters who create world-famous products and live next to us);
 maintain interest in the history and cultural heritage of your people;
 to cultivate patriotic feelings among young citizens of a large multinational country and much more.
Taking all this into account, preschool pedagogy has long recognized the enormous educational significance of folk arts and crafts and uses this in working with children. This is also indicated in their works by such art critics and researchers of children’s fine arts as: A.V. Bakushinsky, P.P. Blonsky, T.S. Shatsky, A.P. Usova, N.P. Sakulina, T.S. Komarov, N.B. Khalezova, T.Ya. Shpikalova, T.N. Doronova, A.A. Gribovskaya, V.Ya. Ezikeeva and others.
But, after conducting an express diagnosis of parents and children, we came to the conclusion that children’s knowledge of arts and crafts is fragmentary and superficial. What's the matter?
1. Introducing children to folk culture in everyday life is difficult, since for the most part we live in big cities and our connection with nature and the peasant way of life with its songs, dances, costumes, and objects of folk craftsmen is broken.
2. Most of the time, our children’s parents work actively, and preschoolers’ daily leisure time at home is usually spent watching cartoons, films or video games.
3. Only a few families on a weekend attempt to visit an exhibition or displays in a local history museum, or any other, in order to familiarize their children with the national culture.
4. Having various objects of decorative and applied art at home (and this is 70% of the parents surveyed), no one devotes time to telling their children where these objects come from, what kind of craft they are related to, since the parents themselves are poorly informed. Moreover, playing with these objects is not practiced.
5. Support for national traditions in most cases comes down to the celebration of national holidays (Christmas, Maslenitsa).

Hence, the lack of its own cultural orientation inevitably leads to the nation’s loss of its face, as the country’s President V.V. noted in his address to the Federal Assembly. Putin. We become like Ivans, who do not remember their kinship.
All this led us (educators) to the need to draw parents’ attention to this and actively involve them and their children in the work on the project: “Folk arts and crafts for children.”

Activities carried out within the framework of the project:

1. Visited:
vernissage (Moscow);
Museum of Folk Applied Arts on the basis of vocational school No. 130 in Ivanteevka;
exhibition selling products of folk craftsmen during the celebration of “City Day”.
2. In groups we created mini-museums of decorative and applied arts.
3. We developed notes for classes to familiarize ourselves with folk crafts and conducted classes.
4. Prepared albums on crafts.
5. We compiled a card index of didactic games:
"Colored Droplets"; "Third wheel"; “Name it correctly”; “Guess what painting?”; “Make a pattern according to the sample”; “Patterns on dishes”; "What changed?"; "The fourth wheel"; “What did the artist forget to draw?”
CONSTRUCTION: “DYMKOVSKAYA LORD”; "Young lady"; “Find an outfit for the Dymkovo “Young Lady”; "Apron"; "Gorodets patterns".
6. We completed a selection of physical education minutes.
7. They published a newspaper: “How we are preparing for the FAIR.”
8. We designed exhibitions of artistic and creative activities of children: “Dymkovo Fairy Tale”, “Gorodets Painting”, “Golden Khokhloma”, “Gzhel”.
9. We collected video material with educational films: “Golden Khokhloma”; "Golden Khokhloma 2"; “How Gzhel is made”; "Black horse - white mane."
10. Parents sewed costumes for participation in the final event and helped prepare the event.

Decorative and applied arts for preschool children for children 4-7 years old

Decorative and applied arts for kindergarten

Author: Guryanova Ekaterina Petrovna, teacher Municipal budgetary preschool educational organization “Kindergarten of a combined type No. 11 “Shatlyk” of the Menzelinsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan
Purpose of the material: This material is intended for kindergarten teachers. The presented material will become a methodological assistant for beginning educators and young professionals.
Target: disseminate pedagogical experience among kindergarten teachers.
Tasks: reveal the importance of arts and crafts in preschool children; consider the approximate distribution of arts and crafts classes per year for each age group.

Folk arts and crafts for preschool children is an important aspect of the formation of aesthetic perception and taste in children.
Starting from the fifth year of life, children begin to get acquainted with decorative and applied arts. Acquaintance should begin with folk toys, namely Dymkovo and Filimonovskaya. First, children should be given the opportunity to examine the toy from all sides, then be asked to make toys similar to folk toys of birds and animals. Children learn to make patterns such as circles, rings, stripes of different sizes. When examining toys, namely patterns, the teacher needs to pay attention to the variety of colors used in coloring. Training exercises for creating a pattern must be performed on paper of different shapes: square, circle, etc. For children to successfully master arts and crafts, the teacher needs to diversify gaming techniques as much as possible.
When teaching children from the age of six, only one type of fine art should be taught in one lesson. For example, when introducing children to the Dymkovo toy, it is recommended to show several objects of different contents: a doll, a goat, a turkey. This will allow children to sufficiently form an idea of ​​what kind of Dymkovo toys are and who they represent. As an addition, you can use a set of postcards or pictures depicting Dymkovo toys.
Familiarization with folk toys can be included in modeling and appliqué classes. It is better to introduce a new type of folk toy in comparison with an already known one in order to emphasize the commonality and differences of each type.
In the pre-school group, children make patterns based on folk art on paper of various shapes (square, circle, rectangle, polygon, oval, etc.) and paint their clay works.
Children create a symmetrical pattern, as in the older group, but a new asymmetrical composition is introduced, such as Khokhloma and Zhostovo painting. Swirls or flowers fill the surface of the form.
At each lesson, along with educational tasks, it is necessary to provide creative tasks. The child is invited to independently choose motives and composition options, however, without disturbing the features of the painting.
When teaching preschoolers arts and crafts, play techniques are widely used that increase the emotional mood of children in the classroom. So, for example, the analysis of children's works can take place as a “visit to an exhibition.”
In the pre-school group, children continue to be taught various ways to create an expressive image. An important task is to develop in the child a sense of composition, the ability to sculpt sculptural groups of 2-3 objects. The improvement of skills in decorative modeling continues.
Approximate distribution of arts and crafts classes for the year:
Middle group
Drawing-9 lessons;
application - 6 lessons.
Senior group
Drawing-18 lessons;
modeling-8;
application - 9 lessons.
Preparatory group
Drawing-18 lessons;
modeling-4;
application - 4 lessons.

Arts and crafts is a broad section of art, covering various areas of artistic activity and focused on creating products of a utilitarian nature. The aesthetic level of such works is usually quite high. The collective term combines two types of arts - applied and decorative. The first has signs of practical application, the second is designed to decorate the human environment.

Creativity and utilitarianism

Applied art - what is it? First of all, these are objects whose characteristics are close to the artistic style, and their purpose is quite diverse. Vases, jugs, dishes or sets made of fine porcelain, as well as many other products, serve as decoration for living rooms, kitchen sets, bedrooms and children's rooms. Some objects may be works of genuine art and nevertheless belong to the category of applied art.

Wide scope of activities

Applied art - what is it from the point of view of the master? A labor-intensive creative process or a simple craft made from scrap materials? a work of art that deserves the highest praise. The utilitarian purpose of the product does not detract from its advantages. Decorative and applied arts are a wide field of activity for artists and sculptors, designers and stylists. Exclusive works of art created in a single copy are especially valued. At the same time, mass-produced products are classified as souvenirs.

Decorations in the house

Decorative and applied art - what is it if we consider it as part of the aesthetic content of the everyday environment? It is safe to say that all products and objects located around reflect the tastes of people in close proximity to them, since a person tries to surround himself with beautiful things. Arts and crafts make it possible to decorate your home, office space, or recreation area. Particular attention is paid to the design of rooms for children.

And finally, applied art - what is it in the public’s understanding? These are exhibitions, opening days, fairs and many other public events that introduce people to culture. Fine arts and crafts increase the level of human development and contribute to the formation of his aesthetic taste. In addition, viewing the exhibitions broadens your general horizons. Each exhibition of applied art is an acquaintance of the general public with new achievements in the field of artistic creativity. Such events are of particular importance in educating the younger generation.

A little history

Folk arts and crafts originate in Russian villages. Simple crafts made by home-grown craftsmen are often classified as products in the category of “folk and applied art”. A good example of the folklore style is the so-called painted cockerels, figurines, and jewelry made of red clay.

The fishery has roots in the past, it is more than four hundred years old. Ancient applied art appeared thanks to the folk holiday "Whistling", when the entire female population sculpted clay whistles for this day in the form of chickens, lambs, and horses. The party lasted two days.

Over time, the holiday lost its meaning, and folk arts continued to develop. Currently, Dymkovo artistic products are being replicated in the Vyatka Toy production association. Products are traditionally coated with white and painted with bright, rich colors.

Fine arts

Products of folk art in their original form, as a rule, become the basis for fairy-tale characters invented by residents of Russian villages, displayed in the famous Palekh boxes, Zhostovo trays, and wooden Khokhloma products. The applied art of Russia is diverse, each direction is interesting in its own way, the products of Russian masters are in high demand among foreign collectors.

“Demand creates supply” - this formulation perfectly reflects the state of affairs in the sphere of folk artistic crafts in Russia. For example, artistic products in the Gzhel style have been popular all over the world for several centuries. The famous blue and white vases, plates, teapots are coveted in every home, and especially valuable specimens are the pride of collectors. It is still unclear what applied art is - work, craft or artistic creativity. In fact, each product requires some effort to create it, and at the same time it is necessary to give the image artistic value.

Arts and crafts in the children's room

In certain cases, the theme of artistic creativity may be addressed to the younger generation. Products made by children's hands are of particular value. The spontaneity characteristic of boys and girls of preschool age, naive imagination mixed with the desire to express their innermost feelings give rise to real masterpieces. Children's applied art, represented by drawings, plasticine figures, cardboard men, is real artistic creativity. Today, competitions are held throughout Russia in which small “artists” and “sculptors” participate.

Contemporary Russian applied art

Photographs, daggerotypes, etchings, engravings, prints, as well as many other examples, are also artistic creations. Products can be very different. At the same time, they are all united by belonging to social and cultural life under the common name - decorative and applied arts. Works in this area are distinguished by a special folklore style. It is not for nothing that all artistic crafts originated in the Russian outback, in villages and hamlets. The products exhibit a home-grown unpretentiousness and a complete absence of that pretentiousness that is sometimes found in works of fine art. At the same time, the artistic level of folk art is quite high.

In Russia, arts and crafts are part of the country's economic power. Below is a list of the main areas of folk art crafts that have received worldwide recognition and are exported in industrial quantities.

1. Lacquered miniatures on a wooden base (Palekh, Mstera, Fedoskino).
2. Zhostovo artistic painting on metal, Limoges enamel, enamel.
3. Khokhloma, Gorodets, Mezen artistic painting on wood.
4. Gzhel, Filimonovskaya toy, Dymkovo toy - artistic painting on ceramics.

Palekh

Palekh folk art craft appeared in Russian spaces at the beginning of the 20th century. The art of lacquer painting originated in a small village in the Ivanovo province called Palekh. The craft was a continuation of icon painting, which dates back to pre-Petrine times. Later, Palekh masters participated in the painting of the Moscow Kremlin, the Novodevichy Convent, and the cathedrals of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.

The revolution of 1917 abolished icon painting, and artists were left without work. In 1918, craftsmen created the Palekh art artel, in which wooden crafts were painted. Then the craftsmen learned to create papier-mâché boxes and paint them in miniature style, using traditional icon-painting technologies.

In 1923, lacquer miniatures were presented at the All-Russian Agricultural and Industrial Exhibition, where they received a 2nd degree diploma. And two years later, Palekh boxes were exhibited in Paris, at the World Exhibition.

The success of unusual artistic products became the impetus for the creation of the organizations “Union of Palekh Artists” and “Palekh Art Workshops” under the USSR Art Fund.

Fedoskino

This word is associated with Russian lacquer painting using the craft, which appeared in the village of Fedoskino near Moscow in the second half of the 18th century. The design was applied to papier-mâché products and then covered with several layers of varnish.

The art of Fedoskino miniatures was started by the Russian merchant P.I. Korobov, who visited the German city of Braunschweig and adopted there technologies for creating snuff boxes, beads, boxes and other products decorated with picturesque pictures.

Fedoskino lacquer miniatures are painted with oil paints in four steps: first, a sketch of the drawing is made ("painting"), then detailed study ("painting"), glazing - covering with transparent paints, the last process is highlighting, which conveys highlights and shadows in the image.

The Fedoskino drawing technique involves the use of an underpainting layer of reflective components: metal powder or gold leaf. In some cases, the master can make a lining from mother-of-pearl. Transparent glaze paints together with the lining create a unique deep glow effect. The colorful layer is emphasized by a black background.

Mstera

This is the name given to Russian folk craft that appeared in the mid-18th century in the Vladimir province. It all started with “petty letters” - miniature icons with the smallest details drawn. After the revolution of 1917, when there was no longer a need for icon painting, Mstera switched to caskets and boxes made of papier-mâché. The design was made by mixing egg yolks. By the middle of the 20th century, Mstera lacquer miniature technologies were finally formed.

The basic principles of drawing a drawing are to transfer the general contours from tracing paper to the surface of the product, then “opening” follows, applying the drawing directly. The next stage is detailed painting. And finally, “melt” - the final coloring with highlights, which includes created gold (fine gold powder). The finished product is coated with six layers of transparent varnish with intermediate drying, then polished.

The characteristic features of Mstera painting are carpet decorativeness, a sophisticated play of shades and three color schemes used in coloring: yellow ocher, red and silver-blue. The theme of the drawing is classic: fairy tales, historical monuments, architecture.

Zhostovo

Zhostovo folk craft consists of metal trays painted in a special style. Zhostovo art originated at the beginning of the 19th century, in the villages of the Trinity volost, in the Moscow region. Residents of three villages (Ostashkovo, Zhostovo and Khlebnikovo) began making painted papier-mâché items. And in the workshop of the Vishnyakov brothers they began to make trays from tin with colorful designs.

The Vishnyakovs' price list included two dozen different items made of metal and papier-mâché, all of them were painted, colorfully designed and were in high demand at fairs, with a painted tray always in the foreground.

Zhostovo painting is a floral theme in several versions: a garden bouquet, flowers spread out, a garland, a wicker wreath. Field plants formed a separate composition.

Bouquets on a tray look natural due to the careful attention to detail. The most saturated color palette is used. The background is usually black, the edges of the tray are decorated with openwork patterns, floral or stylized to resemble a wood structure. The Zhostovo tray is always hand-painted and is an exclusive work of art.

Khokhloma

This name was given to a Russian folk craft that dates back to the beginning of the 17th century. Khokhloma painting is the most complex and expensive of all currently existing techniques. Arts and crafts is a long creative process involving wood processing, multi-layer priming and painting with oil paints.

The process of making Khokhloma products begins with blanks. First, the craftsmen, that is, chop wooden blocks with an ax. The blanks are then processed on machines to the desired size and shape. The processed workpieces are called “linen”. After grinding, they are coated with special liquid clay and dried. Then the already primed blanks are coated with several layers of linseed oil with intermediate drying. This is followed by tinning, or rubbing aluminum powder into the surface, after which the product becomes a white-mirror color. At this stage it is already ready for painting.

The main colors of Khokhloma are black and red (soot and cinnabar), auxiliary colors: gold, brown, light green and yellow. The brushes used are very thin (made exclusively from squirrel tails), since the strokes are applied with a barely noticeable touch.

The thematic content of the drawing is rowan berries, viburnum, strawberries, small foliage, thin, slightly curved green stems. Everything is drawn in bright, intense colors, the contours are clearly defined. The image is built on the principle of contrast.

Gzhel

This is the most popular folk craft, a traditional Russian center for the production of artistic ceramics. It occupies a vast region consisting of 27 villages, collectively called the Gzhel Bush, 60 kilometers from Moscow.

From time immemorial, the Gzhel region was famous for its deposits of high-grade clay, suitable for apothecary vessels. In 1770, the Gzhel volost lands were assigned to the Pharmacy Order. At the same time, the production of bricks, pottery pipes, stove tiles and children's toys for Moscow was established in the Gzhel villages.

Dishes made from Gzhel clay were especially good, light and durable. At the beginning of the 19th century, there were 25 factories producing tableware in the parish. The proximity of Moscow stimulated the development of the production of clay products; countless bowls, plates, dishes and other kitchen utensils were sold at the capital's fairs.

Gzhel toys at that time were made from waste from tableware production. No matter how much clay was left, all of it was used to sculpt cockerels, chickens, lambs and goats. Initially, handicraft workshops worked chaotically, but soon a definite line in production emerged. Raw materials began to be prepared specifically for souvenir products, craftsmen also specialized in the profile of the most popular products.

White shiny horses and figurines were painted in different colors until cobalt, a universal paint, appeared. The intense bright blue color matched the snow-white enamel of the workpiece perfectly. In the 50s of the last century, artists completely abandoned all other colors and began to use glazed cobalt blue coloring. The motives for the drawing could be very different, on any topic.

Other crafts

The range of Russian folk arts and crafts and decorative arts is unusually wide. Here you can find artistic Kasli casting and embossing with interspersed elements. Intarsia and marquetry technologies allow you to create magnificent paintings and panels. Russian applied art is a vast cultural layer of the country, a treasure of society.

Introduction.

1. Folk arts and crafts and its place in kindergarten.

2. Characteristics of folk craft items.

3. Introducing children to folk art and learning decorative modeling in different age groups.

Conclusion.

Literature.

Introduction

Folk arts and crafts of our country are an integral part of culture. The emotionality and poetic imagery of this art are close, understandable and dear to people. Like any great art, it fosters a sensitive attitude to beauty and contributes to the formation of a harmoniously developed personality. Based on deep artistic traditions, folk art enters the life and culture of our people and has a beneficial effect on the formation of the person of the future. Artistic works created by folk artists always reflect love for their native land, the ability to see and understand the world around them.

Folk arts and crafts - one of the means of aesthetic education - helps to form artistic taste, teaches children to see and understand the beauty in the life around us and in art. Folk art is national in content, therefore it can actively influence the spiritual development of a person and the formation of patriotic feelings in a child.

Increasingly, works of decorative and applied art penetrate into people’s lives, creating an aesthetically complete environment that determines the creative potential of an individual. Introducing preschoolers to folk art is carried out by creating a beautiful interior of a kindergarten and group room, the design of which includes works of folk art. Therefore, the role of kindergartens is great, where work is successfully carried out to familiarize children with examples of folk art. An important place is also given to decorative modeling. The teacher tells the children about folk art objects and teaches decorative modeling techniques.

But in order to successfully carry out such work, the teacher must himself be familiar with folk arts and crafts, must know and understand folk art, and know the methods of teaching children decorative modeling.

1. Folk arts and crafts and its place in kindergarten

In modern culture, folk art lives in its traditional forms. Thanks to this, the products of folk craftsmen retain their stable characteristics and are perceived as carriers of an integral artistic culture. Folk art items are diverse. These can be toys made of wood, clay, dishes, carpets, lace, lacquer miniatures, etc. Each product carries goodness, joy, and imagination, captivating both children and adults.

Folk art is always understandable and loved by everyone. Since ancient times, people have liked to decorate their homes with carpets, painted trays and boxes, because folk art carries within itself the warmth of the master’s hands, a subtle understanding of nature, the ability to simply, but with a great flair for form and color, select for their products only what what is necessary is what is truly beautiful. Unsuccessful samples are eliminated, only the valuable, great, coming from the depths of the soul lives. Folk art is valuable because every time, creating the same thing, the master introduces something new into the pattern, and the shape cannot turn out to be absolutely the same. A folk craftsman creates various products. These include salt cellars with Khokhloma painting, bread bins, and Gorodets painted dishes.

Folk art is the property of not only adults, but also children, who enthusiastically play with both wooden nesting dolls and clay figurines of Kirov masters. Children love Bogorodsk toy boxes and Kargopol toys. Wooden spoons, wicker baskets, halves made of rags and other items of folk crafts are in particular demand. Folk art is figurative, colorful, and original in its design. It is accessible to children’s perception, since it contains understandable content that specifically, in simple, laconic forms, reveals to the child the beauty and charm of the world around him. These are always familiar to children fairy-tale images of animals made of wood or clay. Ornaments used by folk craftsmen for painting toys and dishes include flowers, berries, leaves that a child encounters in the forest, in a field, or on a kindergarten site. Thus, masters of Khokhloma painting skillfully create ornaments from leaves, viburnum berries, raspberries, and cranberries. Gorodets craftsmen create their ornaments from the leaves and large flowers of the leotard, rose hips, and roses. Masters of clay toys often paint their products with geometric patterns: rings, stripes, circles, which are also understandable to small children. All these products, both wooden and clay, are used in kindergartens not only to decorate the interior of the room. Under the guidance of a teacher, children carefully examine them, draw and model them based on samples of folk products.

People's creative arts should enter the everyday life of kindergartens, delighting children, expanding their concepts and ideas, and cultivating artistic taste. Kindergartens should have a sufficient number of folk art items. This will make it possible to decorate the interiors of groups and other rooms, from time to time replacing some items with others. Artistic products are shown to children during conversations about folk craftsmen and are used in classes. All DPI items must be stored in the cabinets of the teacher’s office. They are distributed among industries and are constantly replenished with new items. For children of younger groups, you need to have turned wooden toys, fun toys from Bogorodsk craftsmen, and products from Kargopol folk craftsmen. For the middle group you need to have Semyonov, Filimonov and Kargopol toys, painted birds from Torzhok. For children of the senior and preparatory school groups, any folk toy, clay or wooden, is available.

Decorative modeling in a preschool institution is the creation by children of dishes, decorative plates, and various figures on the theme of folk toys. In addition, children can make small decorations (beads, brooches for dolls), souvenirs for mothers, grandmothers, sisters for their birthdays, for the holiday of March 8th. The skills acquired by children during decorative modeling classes can be used by them when creating other types of stucco work, making the products more expressive.

Under the influence of folk art objects, children perceive illustrations to Russian folk tales more deeply and with great interest. Folk toys, with their rich themes, influence the child’s design during modeling, enriching his understanding of the world around him. Activities using folk art items help develop the child’s mental activity. However, all this is possible only if there is a systematic, systematic familiarization of children with DPI objects, as a result of which children create their own decorative works: toys, dishes, plates decorated with tile-type ornaments. Objects of applied art of the peoples of Russia can become valuable material not only for the artistic, but also for the comprehensive education of every child.

Children’s desires to create beautiful objects and decorate them largely depend on the teacher’s interest and attitude towards this work. The teacher needs to know folk crafts, the history of their origin, what folk craft this or that toy belongs to, be able to tell about the craftsmen who make these toys and tell it in a fascinating way in order to interest children and awaken in them a desire for creativity.

2. Characteristics of folk crafts

Let's consider objects of folk arts and crafts that can be used in kindergarten.

DYMKOVO TOY

The products of Kirov craftsmen surprise with their plastic shape, special proportions, and unusually bright patterns. Everyone likes lively, festive, lavishly sculpted and painted dolls of dandy ladies, goats, ponies, roosters with bright tails. The fishery originated in the distant past. The earliest description of Dymkovo toys dates back to 1811. Its author is Nikolai Zakharovich Khitrovo. The description tells about the Vyatka folk holiday - “Svistoplaska”, during which painted clay dolls with gilded patterns were sold. Clay toys were sold not only in Vyatka. They were sold at county fairs and bazaars, and sent to other provinces. Before the revolution, craftsmen worked in the village of Dymkovo alone and in families. They dug clay, mixed it with sand, kneaded it first with their feet and then with their hands. The products were fired in Russian kilns and then painted. Women and children took part in this work.

The factory where Dymkovo toys are now made is located in the city of Kirov. Well-known renowned masters A.A. work here. Mazurina, E.Z. Koshkina, Z.V. Penkin, who, while preserving old traditions, create new original toys. Craftsmen work in well-equipped, bright workshops. On the shelves there are toys in close rows, different in content and design, bright and gilded. These are dandy ladies, painted goats, horses, duck-whistles, piglets, bears, etc.

The process of making a toy can be divided into two stages: modeling the product and painting it. The sculpting methods are very simple. For example, when depicting a doll, craftswomen first make a skirt from a layer of clay, resulting in a hollow bell-shaped shape; the head, neck and upper part of the body are made from one piece, and the details of the clothing (ruffles, frills, cuffs, hats, etc.) are sculpted separately and applied to the main form, calling them moldings.

The Dymkovo toy is very specific. There are traditions in its creation and design, which are expressed, first of all, in staticity, splendor of forms and brightness of color.

FILIMONOVSKAYA TOY

An equally famous center of folk crafts is the village of Filimonovo, Odoevsky district, Tula region, where they make amazing clay toys. According to legend, grandfather Philemon lived in this place and made toys. Now in the village there are workshops for making clay toys, where craftswomen A.I. work. Derbeneva, P.P. Ilyukhina, A.I. Lukyanova and others. People and animals made by artists differ in shape and painting. The toys are funny, whimsical and very expressive - these are ladies, peasant women, soldiers with epaulettes, dancing couples, horse riders, cows, rams, a fox with a rooster, etc. All toys have elastic bodies, long or short legs, elongated necks with small heads . These toys are difficult to confuse with any others, since they have their own traditions in the interpretation of shape and painting. The painting is bright, and mainly yellow, red, orange, green, blue and white colors predominate. Combining simple elements (stripes, arcs, dots, intersecting lines forming stars), craftswomen create amazing patterns that beautifully fit on the skirts and aprons of the figures. The faces of the figures always remain white, and only small strokes and dots outline the eyes, mouth, and nose. The toys blaze with fire, shimmer with all the colors of the rainbow, there are few moldings in the Filimonovskaya toy, if you compare it with the Dymkovo one.

A small child, first of all, sees a Filimonov toy as fun, a fantastic image of an object that awakens his creativity.

KARGOPOL TOY

Kargopol is an ancient Russian city surrounded by forest. Since ancient times, the inhabitants of this city and its environs have been engaged in pottery. For the most part, they made glazed dishes: pots, krinkas, bowls, and some craftsmen made clay toys. However, in 1930, the artistic craft fell into decline. Only the talented craftswoman U.I. continued to make toys. Babkina, her products are characterized by the best features of folk toys. In 1967, Kargopol workshops for the production of painted clay toys were re-established.

Next to the bright, sonorous colors of the Dymkovo and Filimonov toys, the plasticity of the figurines from this northern region may seem austere. The color scheme of the painting includes black, dark green and brown. Among the toys there are many funny images, sculpted simply, but with great warmth and folk humor. Mostly these are peasant women with baskets or birds in their hands, dolls with spinning wheels, and bearded men. The Kargopol toy is also characterized by multi-figure compositions - dancing figures, cheerful threes with riders in a sleigh, etc. Kargopol artists also love to depict animals: bear, hare, horse, dog, pig, goose and duck.

The Kargopol toy is characterized by a convention in the interpretation of the image in form, proportions and coloring. All the figures are somewhat squat, with short arms and legs, they have an elongated body, a thick and short neck and a relatively large head. Animals are depicted as thick-legged and sometimes dynamic, for example, a bear stands on its hind legs - the moment of attack; a dog has its paws spread and its mouth is open, a duck has outstretched wings, etc. Recently, to enliven toys, craftsmen have been adding yellow, blue and orange colors to the painting. The main elements of the ornament are combinations of intersecting lines, circles, herringbones, dots and stripes. The toys are sculpted in parts, the joints of the parts are carefully smoothed. The products are dried, fired in a kiln and painted with tempera paints. Nowadays hereditary masters K.P. work in Kargopol. Sheveleva, A.P. Shevelev, S.E. Druzhinin. Everyone has their own style of modeling and painting, however, all toys are based on old folk traditions.

TVERSKAYA TOY

In the city of Torzhok, Tver Region, clay toys, in particular clay birds, decorated with moldings and paintings, began to be made relatively recently. The masters of this craft, when creating a decorative toy, use a special range of colors of enamel paints: blue, light blue, white, black, green, orange, red. The pattern consists of strokes, circles and dots that create a festive decor. In addition to painting, the toy is decorated with moldings that are well connected with its main shape. The bright enamel pattern beautifully complements the figures, lying on a brown background, since the product is not primed and the background is the color of baked clay. The toy is basically static, but there are swan birds with sharply turned necks and heads, which gives them special plasticity. Among the toys there are roosters, chickens, geese, swans, ducks.

BOGORODSKAYA TOY

Folk craftsmen in the village of Bogorodskoye, Moscow region, create wooden carved toys, which, like clay ones, belong to folk sculpture and can be successfully used in working with children in decorative modeling classes. For more than 350 years, wood carvers have been working in the village of Bogorodskoye near Sergiev Posad. In their skillful hands, blocks of wood turn into funny figures. The toys are cut from linden, which must dry for 2 years beforehand. The main types of painted toys are chickens, birds on a stand with a movable device, etc. Figures are cut from whole wood, for which blanks of different shapes are made. The surface of the finished products from the old masters was cleaned with sandpaper, resulting in a smooth figurine. Now toys are finished with carvings, which rhythmically lie on the surface and decorate the product. Traditionally, some parts of the toy are made movable. The content of the toys is varied - these are the plots of fairy tales, fables, sports and space, and they are all joke toys. The traditional image is a bear.

A famous master of Bogorodsk carving is the hereditary carver N.I. Maksimov. For many years he trained carvers at a vocational technical school, striving to instill in them not only the skills and techniques of carving, but also a love for nature, for all living things. Bogorodsk toys are widely known in our country and are famous far beyond its borders.

GZHEL WARE

Not far from Moscow in the Ramensky district is the village of Gzhel. Pottery crafts have been practiced here for a long time, from about the 14th century. They made kvass, kumgans, plates and toys painted with ceramic paints in brown and yellowish-green colors. Sometimes the dishes were decorated with molded figures. Currently, Gzhel porcelain products have gained worldwide fame due to the uniqueness of their design and shape. Gzhel porcelain is easily recognized by its blue painting on a white background. However, the blue is not monochromatic, and if you look closely, you can see the finest halftones and shades, reminiscent of the blue of the sky, lakes and rivers. Gzhel masters write on porcelain with strokes and lines, and the pattern’s ornamentation includes leaves and flowers: daisies, bells, cornflowers, roses, tulips and lilies of the valley. In addition to dishes, small sculptures and toys are made in Gzhel. Among them you can see fairy-tale characters beloved by children: Alyonushka in a long dress and scarf, Ivan Tsarevich with Elena the Beautiful on the Gray Wolf, Emelya with a caught pike, etc. Currently, the artists are working on creating new plots and compositions. Sculptures appeared depicting astronauts and athletes with Olympic torches. All works of Gzhel masters amaze with a deep sense of rhythm, harmony of form and content.

3. Introducing children to folk art and learning decorative modeling in different age groups

FIRST JUNIOR GROUP

Children's acquaintance with decorative art should begin in the first junior group of kindergarten. The child’s capabilities in decorative modeling at this stage are very limited: children only decorate the products using a stick or making an indentation with their finger. Children are introduced to toys in the form of games, during which the teacher asks the children what this or that object represents. Children are asked to arrange toys in a certain order, build a house, a ladder, a bridge for the nesting dolls. Kids love bright nesting dolls and smooth, chiseled toys; they are happy to join in the game: they place them on the table, place them on a ladder made of cubes, or lead them along a bridge. At the same time, children are given the task of comparing toys by size, identifying the main, large parts and small parts, recognizing and naming the shape of the parts. Kids especially like it when there are a lot of toys on the table. One or two toys hardly attract the child’s attention; interest in them quickly disappears. While playing with nesting dolls, they tell the teacher that there are many nesting dolls, they are big and small, the nesting dolls have eyes, a nose, beautiful scarves, and, looking at the chiseled birds, they note that the bird’s head is round and its tail is long.

In the first junior group, folk toys are mainly used for games. However, in some classes, the teacher, in order to attract children to this type of activity, shows them how to sculpt.

There is no decorative modeling in this group yet, but children are already showing a tendency to decorate their products. The first attempts of children to decorate their sculpture lead to a chaotic arrangement of the pattern along the edge of the product, which is a reference line for the child. Taking into account this feature and knowing that it is easier for the child, the task can be reduced to decorating the edge of a molded cookie or gingerbread. Decoration elements can first be dots, and then stripes made with a stick. Kids are fascinated by the ability to make indentations in clay with a stick. They do this with pleasure, realizing that their toys will become more beautiful. The teacher should support the child’s desire to decorate his work by making appropriate suggestions at every opportunity.

SECOND JUNIOR GROUP

To work with children in the first half of the year, they usually use the same toys as in the first junior group, but they conduct a more in-depth analysis of the shape of objects. For example, when showing a matryoshka doll to children, the teacher says that the doll has a head, arms, names the details of clothing: an apron, sleeves, a scarf, show beautiful flowers, leaves and other decorative elements on them.

Children of the second younger group respond well to the Dymkovo toy, which can be offered for examination at the end of the first - beginning of the second half of the year. Moreover, children are not hampered by the conventional shape and coloring of these toys. They freely identify objects and highlight elements of painting: stripes, circles, dots and rings. The perception of folk art objects makes it possible to set visual tasks for children and trace the influence of folk art on the nature of children's modeling. However, the selection of objects for modeling should take into account the age characteristics of preschoolers.

Starting from the second half of the year, children can be asked to decorate a disc-shaped product with three-dimensional forms - balls and rollers. When completing this task, children make a cake, a pastry for dolls, arranging the elements in a certain rhythm: balls along the edges and in the middle, and rollers in the form of a grid or rays diverging from the center to the edges. Children first create the base and then gradually decorate it. The activity of each child is manifested in the fact that the baby himself chooses the shape and size of the elements and alternates them.

The next stage is a more complex task: children are asked to fashion a cup and apply a pattern on it in a stack along the edge of the cup in one or several rows.

After familiarizing themselves with wooden toys, children sculpt birds, mushrooms, and dolls in a long outfit. They decorate each item, and transfer the ability to work with stacks to the image of such details as the mouth, nose, and eyes of dolls. All this makes children's works more expressive. Thus, a certain sequence is outlined for introducing children of the second younger group to folk toys and introducing decorative elements into modeling. For games and viewing in this group, you can use Semyonov nesting dolls, Zagorsk wooden turned toys and wooden toys from Bogorodsk craftsmen, Kargopol toys (horse, goose, duck, dog) and Dymkovo toys (cockerel, mother hen, large and small dolls). For familiarization before modeling, you can offer wooden turned objects consisting of round and cone-shaped shapes.

MIDDLE GROUP

For successful learning of decorative modeling in the middle group, work continues to introduce children to folk art. For this purpose, Semenov nesting dolls, wooden turned Bogorodsk toys, Dymkovo cockerels and goats, Kargopol toys, painted birds from Torzhok, and Filimonov toys are used.

However, for reproduction in modeling, it is better for children to offer Semyonov nesting dolls, turned wooden toys, Kargopol toys (dog, goose) and toys from Torzhok. It is advisable to use the remaining toys for playing and viewing.

Children aged 4-5 years are introduced to folk art objects in the form of games and short conversations. It is important for children to understand that folk toys made from any material are almost always brightly painted and that is why they are cheerful and joyful. The child begins to understand that in one case the pattern is placed on a three-dimensional form, in another - on an object brightly painted in one color, and this is also very beautiful. You can sculpt a goat or a cockerel with children of this age, both from imagination and from life, using a Dymkovo toy. To do this, at the beginning of the lesson, the toy is examined, paying attention to its plastic and other expressive features. Next, the teacher shows some modeling methods. The main parts of the toy are sculpted in advance, and the teacher only shows how they need to be connected, tightly adhered to each other.

Children must sculpt all the small details: the horns and beard of a goat, the comb and wings of a cockerel themselves; you can once again examine the toy standing on the stand. The opportunity to approach an object during class and examine it relieves children of stress during work. In addition, the child has a desire to make the toy as beautiful as the craftswoman did.

The sculpted works are carefully preserved, children examine them repeatedly and, after they have dried, fire them in a muffle furnace.

In the evening, in the presence of the children, the teacher paints the toys. An exhibition is organized from children's works, which decorates the group for several days, and then children can play with these figures.

SENIOR GROUP

Visual activities of children aged 5-6 years have their own characteristics. At this age, children have already become physically stronger, the small and large muscles of the arms have become stronger. Children became more attentive, their ability to remember increased; in addition, they learned to control the actions of their hands while sculpting, and this in turn led to a change in the nature of the image. They can independently determine the shape of an object, its structure, highlight small details and decorative elements, and are more creative in their images.

Starting from the senior group, decorative modeling classes occupy a very definite place in the system of visual arts classes. When planning these activities, it is necessary to take into account their connection with folk art, since decorative sculpture made by folk craftsmen, artistic dishes, and decorative plates not only have a beneficial effect on the development of children’s artistic taste, but are also a good visual aid during sculpting. Their skillful use by adults broadens the horizons of children and has a beneficial effect on their mental development.

To work with children in this group, you can use artistically made dishes, decorative plates, Dymkovo, Kargopol, Filimonov and Kalinin clay toys.

In addition to clay ones, you can conduct classes with wooden toys. However, children should be introduced to at least two toys of each type.

All objects of folk applied art are based on certain traditions and features that it is advisable for the teacher to know. So, when planning to introduce children to decorative dishes, and then sculpt using these samples, you need to select those items that will help develop children’s imagination. These can be painted ceramic plates, Ukrainian bowls, dishes made by Gzhel, etc. etc.

PREPARATORY SCHOOL GROUP

The visual activity of children aged 6-7 years is significantly improved. First of all, the shape of the sculpted objects becomes more complete and the proportions are specified. Children, more often than in the previous group, have a desire to supplement their modeling with details that will decorate the craft and make it more expressive. This is due to the fact that the children became even stronger physically, the fine muscles of the arms developed, finger movements became more accurate, and visual acuity increased. All this makes it possible to perform complex details using moldings and painting. Children develop an aesthetic appreciation for their products, which increases their demands on both the visual and expressive means of modeling that the child uses in his work.

Decorative modeling in this group includes images of decorative plates, dishes and modeling of figurines similar to folk toys. At the same time, children’s knowledge of folk crafts deepens. The children look with great interest at the decorative vessels created by potters of different nations. Bright, painted with colored engobes and glazes, they capture the imagination of children and give rise to their creative ideas.

In the preparatory group, children are introduced to a new way of depicting dishes - from rings: clay rings are stacked on top of each other and tightly connected to each other. In this way, children make different dishes. Another method of modeling is making dishes from a piece of clay of a spherical or cylindrical shape by selecting clay in a stack (pot, jar, vase). Children continue to study, work systematically and think about their plans in advance.

All work on decorative modeling is closely related to conversations about folk crafts. In the preparatory group, familiarity with folk applied art takes on new forms: didactic games that deepen children’s understanding of the expressive features of objects of decorative art and influence the development of their mental activity; excursions to applied art exhibitions, viewing filmstrips, slides, as well as illustrations in books on folk art.

The selection of decorative items is carried out taking into account the fact that children have already become acquainted with many of them in the older group. For children aged 6-7 years, specimens with a more complex shape and painting are selected. Decorative plates and dishes can be painted with fabulous flowers, birds and fish. The set of Dymkovo dolls is expanding: a water-carrier, a dandy woman under an umbrella, and also a milkmaid with a cow; a rider on a horse, a turkey with a painted tail and many others. From Kargopol toys, children can show an old man who waters a horse, a peasant sower, a troika and Polkan - a fabulous half-beast, half-man. Among Filimonov toys, it is good to use a fox with a rooster, dancing couples and other examples that children have not yet seen. From Kalinin, you can select a chicken with an intricate crest and a rooster. Among Bogorodsk toys, children will be interested in “The Bear and the Hare Go to School”, “Baba Yaga”, “Football Bear”, “Good Morning”. The list of toys may be more varied, but the teacher selects only what the kindergarten has.

Classes to introduce children to folk arts and crafts and decorative modeling in this group are a continuation of the great work that was done in previous groups. Therefore, children 6-7 years old should be prepared to perceive new, more complex examples of folk art, to master new methods of sculpting and painting.

The main tasks of decorative modeling are to teach children to see the beauty of objects of folk art, to cultivate a love for it and the ability to distinguish one craft from another, to use decorative elements in their work to enrich the stucco image, and also to transfer this skill to objects of a non-decorative nature.

Conclusion

Summarizing all of the above, we can conclude that introducing children to folk art objects and decorative modeling have a beneficial effect on the development of children's creativity. The nature of folk art, its emotionality, decorativeness, and variety are effective means for the development of mental activity in children and the comprehensive development of the child as a whole.

The creativity of folk artists not only cultivates aesthetic taste in children, but also forms spiritual needs, feelings of patriotism, national pride, high citizenship and humanity. The child learns that wonderful colorful objects are created by folk craftsmen, people gifted with imagination, talent and kindness.

Children gradually begin to respect and love this art, to understand its plasticity, ornaments, color combinations, and the variety of shapes and images.

Toys of all folk crafts differ in style and manner of execution, and over time, the child begins to distinguish toys from one craft from another, to highlight characteristic features, and he does this independently. And already in the senior and preparatory groups, children, under the influence of training, have a desire to make toys themselves, modeled on those that were shown to them in class.

Thus, folk toys stimulate children to act independently. The knowledge gained in the process of classes and games with folk art objects expands the possibilities for children’s independent activities in the field of decorative modeling.

Literature

1. Gribovskaya A.A. Children about folk art. M., 2004.

2. Durasov N.A. Kargopol clay toy. L., 1986.

3. Dorozhin Yu.G., Solomennikova O.A. Filimonov whistles: Workbook on the basics of folk art. M., 2004.

4. Komarova T.S. Children's artistic creativity. M., 2005.

5. Folk art in the education of preschool children / Ed. T.S. Komarova. M., 2005.

6. Solomennikova O.A. The joy of creativity // Development of artistic creativity in children aged 5-7 years. M., 2005.

7. Khalezova N.B. Decorative modeling in kindergarten: A manual for teachers / Ed. M.B. Khalezova-Zatsepina. M., 2005.

Valentina Seredina

Development of artistic and creative abilities of preschool children through arts and crafts

Creativity is an activity

which reveals

spiritual world of the individual"

V. A. Sukhomlinsky.

Creativity, its formation and development is one of the most interesting and mysterious problems that attracts the attention of researchers in various specialties. The study of this problem is urgent due to the fact that the main condition for the progressive development of society is a person capable of creative creation. The formation of creative personality qualities must begin from childhood.

A child with creative abilities is active and inquisitive. He is able to make his own, independent, independent decisions.

In the draft Federal component of the state educational standard of general education, one of the goals related to the modernization of the content of general education is the humanistic orientation of education. It determines a person-oriented model of interaction, the development of the child’s personality and his creative potential.

The relevance of the topic is determined by the following aspects:

In childhood, when a child has a particularly emotional attitude towards the world around him, the fulfillment of his need for artistic creativity is of particular importance.

Introducing children to various types of folk arts and crafts, GCD for decorative drawing will help teach them to perceive the beautiful and good, introduce them to folk traditions, and lay the foundations of aesthetic education.

Familiarizing preschoolers with folk and applied arts helps solve the problems of moral, patriotic and artistic education. The teacher not only gives children a certain amount of knowledge about crafts, but also develops the ability to see and understand beauty, fosters respect for the work of folk craftsmen, and introduces them to the manufacturing technology and decorative features of certain products.

By introducing children to folk arts and crafts, we thereby develop in children a sense of pride in their Motherland, with its masters and craftsmen who create this unique beauty for us.

To introduce the basics of knowledge in the field of composition, shape formation, color science, decorative and applied arts;

To introduce different types of productive creativity, applied creativity, and different techniques;

Develop the ability to see the unusual in the ordinary;

Develop curiosity, imagination, creative thinking, fine motor skills;

Lay the foundation of aesthetic beauty;

Foster a caring attitude towards the environment and respect for the work of other people.

Stages of development of a child’s creative abilities:

Stage I: Diagnosis of the personal characteristics of children (observation of children during independent activities, during educational activities, conversations, studying the products of children's creativity);

Stage II: Preparatory (selection of literature and information material);

Stage III: Activity (work with children, parents (legal representatives, holding exhibitions of children's creativity)

There are a great many types of applied creativity! Depending on the method of manufacturing a particular item and the material used, the following handicraft techniques are distinguished:

Related to the use of paper: iris folding, or rainbow folding of paper, paper plastic, corrugated tubes, quilling, origami, papier-mâché, scrapbooking, embossing, trimming.

Weaving techniques: ganutel, beading, macrame, bobbin weaving, tatting or knot weaving.

Painting: Zhostovo, Khokhloma, Gorodets, etc.

Types of painting: batik – painting on fabric; stained glass – glass painting; stamp and sponge printing; drawing with palms and leaf prints; ornament – ​​repetition and alternation of pattern elements.

Creating drawings and images: blowing paint through a tube; guilloche - burning a pattern onto fabric; mosaic - creating an image from small elements; thread graphics – making an image with threads on a hard surface.

Fabric embroidery techniques: simple and Bulgarian cross stitch, straight and oblique satin stitch, tapestry, carpet and ribbon embroidery, gold embroidery, cutwork, hemstitching and many others.

Sewing on fabric: patchwork, quilting, quilting or patchwork; artichoke, kanzashi and others.

Knitting techniques: fork; on knitting needles (simple European); Tunisian crochet; jacquard, fillet, guipure.

Types of creativity associated with wood processing: burning, sawing, carving.

Types of arts and crafts techniques used and mastered in the process of working with children:

Quilling

Origami modular

Application

Drawing

Gorodets painting

Dymkovo painting

Application from plasticine

Drawing is a genre in the visual arts and a corresponding technique that creates a visual image (image) on any surface or object using graphic means, drawing elements (as opposed to pictorial elements, mainly from lines and strokes.

Modular origami- creation of three-dimensional figures from triangular origami modules - invented in China. The whole figure is assembled from many identical parts (modules). Each module is folded according to the rules of classic origami from one sheet of paper, and then the modules are connected by inserting them into each other. The friction force that appears in this case prevents the structure from falling apart.

Drawing with palms. Small children find it difficult to use a paint brush. There is a very exciting activity that will give the child new sensations, develop fine motor skills, and give the opportunity to discover a new and magical world of artistic creativity - this is palm painting. By drawing with their palms, little artists develop their imagination and abstract thinking.

Gorodets painting- Russian folk art craft. It has existed since the middle of the 19th century. in the area of ​​Gorodets. Bright, laconic Gorodets painting (genre scenes, figurines of horses, roosters, floral patterns, made in a free stroke with a white and black graphic outline, decorated spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, doors.

Quilling(from the English quilling – from the word quil “bird feather”) - the art of paper rolling. Originated in medieval Europe, where nuns created medallions by twisting paper strips with gilded edges onto the tip of a bird's feather, creating an imitation of a gold miniature.

Application(from the Latin “application”) is a way of working with colored pieces of various materials: paper, fabric, leather, fur, felt, colored beads, beads, woolen threads, embossed metal plates, all kinds of matter (velvet, satin, silk). , dried leaves...

Semolina Its structure resembles sand, but it is easier to work with because it is lighter in weight, the grain dries quickly and has a brighter appearance in the product. Semolina applique is available for preschool children.

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Application from plasticine- plasticineography is a new type of decorative and applied art. It represents the creation of stucco paintings depicting more or less convex, semi-voluminous objects on a horizontal surface. In essence, this is a rare, very expressive type of “painting”.

Modeling- giving shape to plastic material (plasticine, clay, plastic, salt dough, snowball, sand, etc.) using hands and auxiliary tools. This is one of the basic techniques of sculpture, which is intended for mastering the primary principles of this technique.

Toy- an obligatory childhood companion. The folk toy is a wonderful cultural heritage; it has educated children for thousands of years. In Rus', toys had a serious meaning. With toys, skill was passed down by inheritance; they prepared for life, developed physically and spiritually. The people in the toy give the child simple, but genuine, first-class art. It is close and understandable to the child, teaching him to see and understand the life around him.

Children take an active part in All-Russian and International arts and crafts competitions, where they win prizes.

Our task is to interest and attract parents to interact in this area. Achieving the goal will enable parents to be involved in the process of educational activities with children and conduct joint activities with the child at home.

We all know that creativity is one of the greatest pleasures for a child. It reveals his inner world. After all, by doing something with his own hands, a child reflects not only what he sees around him, but also shows his own imagination. And as adults, we shouldn’t forget that positive emotions are the foundation of children’s mental health and emotional well-being.