The artist in and Tropinin was the author. History and ethnology
To the 240th anniversary of his birth
MASTER OF RUSSIAN PORTRAIT
Russian artist Vasily Andreevich Tropinin (1776-1857)
Tropinin lived a long creative life. His art was in intense interaction with the aesthetic ideals of that era. Being “the last son of the 18th century,” at the end of his life he grasped the main trends of the mid-19th century - fidelity to nature, an analytical view of the world - and came close to the critical realism of the second half of the century. In Tropinin’s portraits, contemporaries noted his ability to convey the “characteristic” of each life type. The artist’s paintings are of particular value also because, in terms of the accuracy of the selection of social types of Russian society of the mid-19th century and the depth of their reconstruction, they have no analogues in the domestic art of their time. Tropinin stood at the origins of a whole independent movement in Russian art, associated with a careful, serious analysis of folk character. This direction developed in the second half of the 19th century in the work of the Itinerants.
Artist and fine arts researcher A.N. Benois wrote about Tropinin: “What gives Tropinin a particularly honorable place in the history of Russian painting is that he sowed the seeds of that realism on which the purely Moscow protest against alien and cold, academic, St. Petersburg art subsequently grew and became stronger. All his “garden girls”, “lacemakers”, “seamstresses”, “milkmaids”, “guitarists” and others foreshadowed with their “genre” antics and almost anecdotal flirting the subsequent wandering of Muscovites in “types” and “stories” and were a direct parallel that spontaneity of looking at nature, which was the most precious feature, for example, in Venetian’s work.”
Tropinin was born in the Novgorod province into a peasant family and until 1823 remained a serf of Count I.I. Morkova. In 1798, the young man, who had a penchant for drawing, became a volunteer student at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, but in 1804 he was recalled by his landowner. In 1812-18, Tropinin lived with the Morkovs in Moscow, where he completed two family group portraits
Family portrait of the Counts Morkovs
Portrait of Morkovs. Etude. Early 1810s
and a portrait of the historian N.M., filled with inner significance. Karamzin.
A fire in 1812 destroyed many of his early works. Since 1821, the artist lived permanently in Moscow, where he quickly gained fame as a portrait painter. In 1823, Tropinin received his freedom from Morkov, and later was awarded the title of academician of the Academy of Arts. Refusing official posts, he settled in an apartment with a workshop in a house on the corner of Lenivka and Volkhonka streets, where he worked most of his life. It was here in the winter of 1826-27 that A.S. came to pose for his portrait. Pushkin.
Tropinin portrayed Pushkin as a friend of each of us, touched something personal. Contemporaries began vying with each other to talk about the striking similarity of the portrait to the original. The portrait fully conveys both the appearance and spiritual essence of the poet. The 1820-30s were the time of Tropinin’s creative heyday. The artist was able to express some specific features of the mentality of Moscow society, which contrasted the free style of communication with the official regulation of St. Petersburg life. Portraits of the 1820s - N.A. Maykova, P.A. Bulakhov and, especially, Pushkin - are distinguished by romantic inspiration, internal dynamics, and bright emotionality of the color system. Tropinin masterfully conveyed the individuality of the models and often, with the help of sharply characteristic details, emphasized their special Moscow flavor (for example, the portrait of V.A. Zubov).
Remaining until the mid-19th century the main Moscow portrait painter, Tropinin created more than three thousand portraits, depicting representatives of the Moscow nobility, merchants, creative intelligentsia (sculptor I.P. Vitali, watercolorist P.F. Sokolov, actor P.S. Mochalov, playwright A. .V. Sukhovo-Kobylina). In 1832, the artist moved to the left wing of the same estate - to Lenivka. The unique result of Tropinin’s work and his inextricable connection with Moscow are expressed in “Self-portrait against the backdrop of the Kremlin.”
It is believed that the window depicted in the painting is the window of the artist’s workshop on Lenivka. Since 1833, he began to study with students of a public art class that opened in Moscow (later the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture). In 1843, Tropinin was elected an honorary member of the Moscow Art Society. In 1855, he bought a small house surrounded by an orchard on Bolshaya Polyanka (not preserved). Tropinin died in 1857 and was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.
At house number 9 on Volkhonka Street there is a memorial plaque dedicated to Tropinin. Surprisingly, the plaque was installed on a house built twenty-one years after Tropinin’s death on the site of the main house of the estate, in which the artist did not live. In 1969, a museum of Tropinin and Moscow artists of his time was opened in Moscow (Shchetininsky lane, 10). The museum's collection includes several thousand items. In addition to Tropinin’s paintings, there are works by I.P. Argunova, F.S. Rokotova, D.G. Levitsky, V.L. Borovikovsky and other artists.
Vasily Tropinin Museum
Video about the museum:
http://vk.com/video159262563_171446529
“Candy artist” may sound a little impolite. But not in relation to Tropinin! He honed his skills in the St. Petersburg confectionery, where he was sent from the count's estate to study, because products for good houses required both culinary and artistic taste. Tropinin's works can still be seen on candy boxes!
Romantic portraits - the Lacemaker, the Guitarist, the curly-haired Arseny, the artist's son - rhyme completely with chocolate. For their warm color, Dutch style, clear, naturalistic drawing of cute characters, these images were loved even in Soviet times. The artist painted many simple people - peasants, townspeople, artisans, and in each he saw an inherent peculiarity and beauty.
However, Tropinin had an Academic School; he managed to study in St. Petersburg, but was recalled by Count Morkov to his estate in Ukraine, along with his family. He was a servant, architect, shepherd and artist under the count. Such versatility of activities turned out to be useful for the artist, as he himself admitted in his memoirs. He painted the count's acquaintances, the servants, and the poor. He was released from serfdom already known. He presented his work in St. Petersburg, received the title of academician and a teaching position in an art class. During his life he painted more than a thousand portraits.
Tropinin V.A. Portrait of Alexander Fedorovich Zaikin. 1837. From the collection of the Primorsky Art Gallery
Tropinin V.A. Portrait of A.F. Zaikin. Etude. Around 1837. From the collection of the State Historical Museum
Self-portrait
. “Portrait of F.P. Krasheninnikov" (1824)
“Portrait of A.V. Vasilchikov"
Portrait of Konstantin Georgievich Ravich. . 1823
“Portrait of N.I. Morkova”
V.A. Tropinin. Portrait of A.I. Tropinina (the artist’s mother). 1820
Portrait of a sister
Portrait of the artist's son
V.A. Tropinin. Portrait of the artist's son(?) at an easel. 1820s
V.A. Tropinin. Portrait of K.P. Bryullov. 1836
“Portrait of Alexander Alexandrovich Sapozhnikov”
Portrait of E.V. Meshkova, née Bilibina
Portrait of the writer L. N. Kozhina. . 1836.
Portrait of E.V. Mazurina
1844, oil on canvas, 67.2 x 57.2 cm (oval)
Museum of V.A. Tropinin and Moscow artists of his time, Moscow
The most famous works mentioned are “The Lacemaker”, “The Guitarist”, “Portrait of a Son” and the portrait of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - included in most textbooks, known throughout the world, was painted by the artist Tropinin in a serfdom. You can demonstrate and realize your talent and work anywhere. And quite successfully, as we see in the example of Vasily Tropinin.
Guitarist
Lacemaker, 1823. Tretyakov Gallery
“The genre itself as a new phenomenon in Russian art, and the position of the artist himself, his attitude, his understanding of the purpose and objectives of the genre were most clearly manifested in one of the very first works of this type of painting - the famous “The Lacemaker” (1823). The nature of the genre determined and the very nature of the composition. It was as if we, together with the artist, looked into where this beautiful young girl was working. And at our unexpected visit, she, as if for a moment, took her mind off her bobbins and looked at us attentively, as is typical in Tropinin’s portraits. But in her gaze there is neither coquetry nor curiosity. On the contrary, in these wide open eyes there is some kind of hidden world, some kind of fullness of feelings and thoughts that are closely intertwined in her soul, like this thin, transparent lace. is not displayed as evidence of her work, but is seen as a small fragment, lost in the wide folds of white fabric - the basis. This picture is not about the social characteristics of work, but about its creative beginning, giving birth to beauty, enriching the world around us. A thin nose, beautiful outlines of swollen lips, small curls of hair coming out from behind the ears, and some kind of deeply hidden temperament, the power of life in these eyes and in this look. And this girl herself is, as it were, woven entirely from the feeling of beauty that the artist brought into the painting of her face, and into this smooth, exquisite curve of her hand, these fingers, easily, gracefully fingering the bobbins, and into this fabric, falling in beautiful breaks. And the girl’s face, touched by a gentle blush, and the pistachio tint of her dress, beautifully in harmony with the muslin scarf, as if woven from the sun’s rays, and her hands, finely painted with transparent glaze, and the very object of her work - all this is flooded with light here. One might say, the portrait lives and breathes with them, revealing, as the critic of that time wrote, “a pure, innocent soul.”
(M. Petrova. Master of Russian portrait)
Boy with a gun. Portrait of the prince M. A. Obolensky. Around 1812
Portrait of the writer V. I. Lizogub. 1847
At the academic exhibition of 1804, V. Tropinin’s painting “A Boy Grieving for His Dead Bird” was presented, which was noted by the Empress.
Girl with a candle
Portrait of Zh.Lovic. Etude. 1810s
Portrait of P. I. Sapozhnikova. 1826
Portrait of E. I. Naryshkina. No later than 1816
Portrait of Levitskaya-Volkonskaya. 1852
Portrait of A. I. Tropinina, the artist’s wife
Woman at the Window (Treasurer) 1841
Portrait of E. A. Sisalina
Portrait of D. P. Voeikov with his daughter and the Englishwoman Miss Forty. 1842
Portrait of E.I. Korzinkina
Goldsmith
"Girl's Head"
Girl with a canary.
A boy with a pity. . 1820s.
Girl with a doll, 1841. Russian Museum
Portrait of N. I. Utkin. 1824
An old coachman leaning on a whip. Study. 1820s
Portrait of S.K. Sukhanov
PORTRAIT OF THEODOSIY BOBCHAK, ELDER OF THE VILLAGE OF KUKAVKA. 1800s
V. Tropinin. A poor old man.
Old soldier. 1843
The Robber (Portrait of Prince Obolensky). 1840s
- (1776 1857), Russian painter. Portraitist. Until 1823 he was a serf. Around 1798 he began studying at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, but in 1804 he was recalled by his landowner. From 1821 he lived permanently in Moscow. Already Tropinin’s early portraits are distinguished by their intimacy... ... Art encyclopedia
Russian portrait painter. Until 1823 he was a serf. Around 1798 he began to study at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts with S.S. Shchukin, but in 1804 he was recalled by his landowner. Until 1821 he lived on... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (1776 1857) Russian painter. In portraits he strove for a lively, relaxed characterization of a person (portrait of a son, 1818; A. S. Pushkin, 1827; self-portrait, 1846), created a type of genre, somewhat idealized image of a person from the people... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Tropinin (Vasily Andreevich, 1780 1857) portrait painter, was born a serf of Count A. Markov, who later set him free. At the age of nine, he was designated by his master as a student of the Imperial Academy of Arts,... ... Biographical Dictionary
- (1776 1857), painter. Until 1823 he was a serf. In portraits he strove for a lively, relaxed characterization of a person (portrait of a son, 1818; “A. S. Pushkin”, 1827; self-portrait, 1846), created a type of genre, somewhat idealized image... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
Tropinin, Vasily Andreevich- V.A. Tropinin. Portrait of Bulakhov. 1823. Tretyakov Gallery. TROPININ Vasily Andreevich (1776 1857), Russian painter. In portraits he strove for a living, direct description of a person (portrait of a son, 1818; “A.S. Pushkin”, 1827); created... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Large biographical encyclopedia
Museum of V. A. Tropinin and Moscow artists of his time. Moscow. Tropinin Vasily Andreevich (1776 or 1780, village of Karpovka, Novgorod province 1857, Moscow), painter. Until 1823, serf of Count I.I. Morkova. Around 1798 he began studying in... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
- (1780 1857) portrait painter, born a serf, c. A. Markov, who subsequently released him. At the age of nine, he was designated by his master as a pupil of the Imp. Academy of Arts, was formed there under the leadership of Shchukin and ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
- ... Wikipedia
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- Vasily Andreevich Tropinin, . The collection is dedicated to the work of the remarkable Russian artist V. A. Tropinin (1776-1857). The articles analyze the art of Tropinin and contemporary Russian art, consider...
- Vasily Andreevich Tropinin. Research, materials, . The collection is dedicated to the work of the remarkable Russian artist V. A. Tropinin. The articles analyze the art of Tropinin and contemporary Russian art and discuss the question of...
Artist Vasily Andreevich Tropinin biography. The artist was born into a peasant family on March 30, 1776 on the estate of Count Anton Sergeevich Minikh, which was located in the village of Korpovo in the vicinity of the Novgorod province. As often happened in those days, being the property of a count, Tropinin’s father received freedom from slavery for his merits in his service, and his serf family, including the young artist Tropinin, was transferred to the ownership of Count Morkov I.I., who was related to Minikh, as part of the dowry with Minikh’s daughter Natalya .
On the Morkov estate, Vasily Tropinin was entrusted with managing the household. Then Morkov sent him to study the craft of a confectioner. Everything would have been fine, of course, but the count’s brother noticed that the boy had extraordinary drawing abilities and, having persuaded his brother to agree, began to persistently petition for Tropinin’s enrollment in the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg in 1798.
Having studied at the academy under the guidance of academician Stepan Semenovich Shchukin until 1804, he achieved silver and gold medals for his merits, at that time his notable work was the portrait “A Boy Longing for a Dead Bird”, the painting was exhibited at the academy and was liked by everyone, that even touched the empress herself, which prompted the leadership of the academy to think about giving freedom to a serf artist. But by chance this was not destined to come true; due to the death of Tropinin’s father, at the request of his owner, Count Morkov, he was forced to move to the new estate of the count, who settled in Ukraine in a village with the interesting name Kukavka.
On the estate, Tropinin was appointed manager of the count's estate. In absentia, the artist painted a lot and executed paintings commissioned by Morkov. prone to portraiture, he painted portraits of people from his environment, while simultaneously studying similar images of the serf people. He married in 1807, his chosen one was Katina A.N., and soon they had a son named Arseny.
In 1809, "Portrait of his wife Anna" was painted. In 1810, a painting with romantic accents, Boy with a Pipe, Portrait of I. Morkov, was painted, in the same year he painted a portrait of his son, Portrait of Arseny. In general, the artist loves to draw children and often creates compositions with images of children along with various pets
As we all know, in 1812, for obvious reasons, there was a fire in Moscow; in this fire, Morkov’s house was damaged, in particular, the artist’s paintings stored in this house also burned down along with other property. Tropinin was appointed by the count to leave for Moscow to restore the art gallery with paintings of the count's family and household after the fire.
After 1821, the couple of Count Morkov moved to Moscow along with their subjects. Having lived a little in more democratic Moscow, under pressure from his contemporaries, the count decided to give freedom not to the young artist Tropinin, but at the dawn of his creative powers and abilities. To celebrate, the artist worked with gusto, improving his abilities in a free field and in 1823 exhibited new paintings at an academic exhibition for the audience to see, revealing a new style of portraiture of that time, including the pleasant painting The Lacemaker, reflecting the comfort of life and the beautiful image of a beautiful girl slyly peering at the viewer. The work received many positive reviews from contemporaries.
Also on display at the exhibition were the following paintings: “A Beggar Old Man”, “Portrait of the Artist E. O. Skotnikov. For these works, Vasily Tropinin was awarded the title of designated artist. The artist, who expected more, does not lose heart and is again in search of new pictorial solutions and having already gained experience and With the ingenuity of the artist, he paints a portrait of Leberecht Karl Alexandrovich. The painting is exhibited at the academy in 1824 and Vasily Andreevich Tropinin is awarded the honorary title of academician. In 1826, the creation of the portrait of "Golden Seamstress" In 1827, the artist creates a portrait of the famous poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.
830 is the greatest dawn of Vasily Tropinin’s creativity, he receives many orders from the noble class, paints portraits of governors, officials of various ranks, famous actors and actresses of that time, a huge mass of merchants invite him to participate in various communities, studies at the Moscow School of Painting, in 1843 year was elected an honorary member of the Moscow Art Union.
During his creative history, the artist created simply a huge number of portraits; art researchers estimate there are more than three thousand. It is safe to say that Vasily Andreevich Tropinin lived a difficult but happy life as a sought-after artist; he died in the spring of 1857 on May 15, and the artist was buried in Moscow at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.
Tropinin's work is still studied by many contemporaries; his paintings can be seen in various museums, and more recently in the 20th century, in 1869, the Tropinin Museum was opened in Moscow in Shchetininsky Lane, building 10, building. 1, founded by Moscow collector Vishnevsky Felix Evgenievich
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Vasily Andreevich Tropinin (March 19, 1776, Karpovo village, Novgorod province - May 3, 1857, Moscow) - Russian painter, master of romantic and realistic portraits.
Vasily Andreevich Tropinin was born on March 30, 1776 in the village of Karpovo, Novgorod province, into the family of a serf, Andrei Ivanovich, who belonged to Count Anton Sergeevich Minikh. The count's daughter married the outstanding military leader I.M. Morkov, and the village of Tropinina and he himself became the property of Morkov. Vasily was hated by the other serfs, since his father was the headman, but Vasily never complained about the beatings and bullying of the serfs, including because he had been drawing people since childhood and discovering their characteristic features in his drawings.
Around 1798, Vasily was apprenticed to a confectioner in St. Petersburg, since confectionery also required the ability to depict human and animal figures. After his training in confectionery, Count Morkov’s cousin convinced him to send the young man, who had a natural talent and a penchant for drawing, as a volunteer to the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Here he studied with S.S. Shchukin. But when Vasily twice took first place in the Academy competitions and, according to the tradition established at the Academy, should have received his freedom, instead in 1804 he was recalled to the new estate of Count Morkov - the Podolsk village of Kukavka in Ukraine - and became at the same time a servant, a shepherd, an architect and artist of the count. A free settler married him, and husband and wife were supposed to have equal status by law, but instead of granting freedom to Tropinin, the count registered his wife as his serfs, and their children were to become eternal serfs of Morkov and his heirs. But Tropinin, as a kind person, wrote in his memoirs that he was grateful to the owner, since Ukraine made him a great artist.
He had a son - Arseny. Until 1821 he lived mainly in Ukraine, where he painted a lot from life, then moved to Moscow with the Morkov family.
In 1823, at the age of 47, the artist finally gained freedom - under the influence of new trends, the count released him free of charge. After some time, his relatives also become free. In September 1823, he presented the paintings “The Lacemaker”, “The Old Beggar” and “Portrait of the Artist E. O. Skotnikov” to the Council of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts and received the title of appointed artist. In 1824, for “Portrait of K. A. Leberecht” he was awarded the title of academician.
Since 1833, Tropinin has been working on a voluntary basis with students of a public art class that opened in Moscow (later the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture). In 1843 he was elected an honorary member of the Moscow Art Society.
In total, Tropinin created more than three thousand portraits. He died on May 3 (15), 1857 in Moscow. He was buried at the Moscow Vagankovskoe cemetery.
In 1969, the “Museum of V. A. Tropinin and Moscow artists of his time” was opened in Moscow.
