Who wrote Barmaley author first name last name. Interesting facts

Barmaley- a fictional pirate and cannibal who hunted in Africa, who especially loved to eat small children, a character in the poetic fairy tales “Barmaley” () and “Let's Defeat Barmaley! "()), as well as the prose story "Doctor Aibolit" (). Antagonist of the good doctor Aibolit.

History of the character

As for the terrible villain Barmaley, then I was lucky<…>in April 1966, to find out where and how he was born from the largest authority on “Barmaley studies”, from Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky himself.

Many years ago, Korney Ivanovich walked along the Petrograd side of our city (this is such a district of it) with the famous artist Mstislav Dobuzhinsky. They went out onto Barmaleeva Street.

Who was this Barmaley, after whom the whole street was named? - Dobuzhinsky was surprised.

“I,” says Korney Ivanovich, “began to think. One of the empresses of the 18th century could have had a doctor or perfumer, an Englishman or a Scot. He could bear the surname Bromley: Bromleys are not uncommon there. He could have a house on this small street. The street could be called Bromleeva, and then, when the surname was forgotten, it could be changed to Barmaleeva: it sounds better in Russian...

But the artist did not agree with this guess. She seemed boring to him.

Not true! - he said. - I know who Barmaley was. He was a terrible robber. This is what he looked like...

And on a piece of paper from his sketchbook, M. Dobuzhinsky sketched a ferocious villain, bearded and mustachioed...

So on Barmaleeva Street the evil Barmaley was born.

Perhaps Barmaley, whom Chukovsky was going to defeat on the pages of […] the fairy tale, was not just made up...

Barmaleeva street

For the origin of the street name, see: Barmaleeva Street.

Barmaley in the cinema

• In 1941, the cartoon “Barmaley” was created at the Soyuzmultfilm film studio.
• Barmaley was played by Rolan Bykov in the film “Aibolit-66”.
• Cartoon “Aibolit and Barmaley”, “Soyuzmultfilm”, 1973. Barmaley was voiced by Vasily Livanov.
• Cartoon “Doctor Aibolit”, “Kievnauchfilm”, 1984-1985. Barmaley was voiced by Georgy Kishko (in episodes 2, 3 and 4) and Semyon Farada (in episodes 5-7).

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Notes

Barmaley is a pirate and cannibal who hunted in Africa, a character in the poetic fairy tales “Barmaley” (1925) and “Let’s Defeat Barmaley!” (1942), as well as the prose story “Doctor Aibolit” (1936). Antagonist of the good doctor Aibolit.

History of origin

Korney Chukovsky and the artist Mstislav Dobuzhinsky were walking around the city one day. They wandered onto the Petersburg side, which was not very well known to them, and on the corner of a narrow alley they saw the inscription: “Barmaleeva Street.”

The artist Dobuzhinsky was an inquisitive person. He demanded from the writer Chukovsky an explanation of this name. “If the street is whose? - Barmaleeva, so it was - who? “Barmaley,” he reasonably asserted and wanted to know who Barmaley is, why is he Barmaley and for what reason was the street named after him?

Having assessed the possibilities, Korney Ivanovich put forward the following hypothesis. It could easily have happened that in the 18th century, say, a person moved to St. Petersburg from England with the surname Bromley, which was quite common for people from this country. He could have ended up here as some overseas gallant craftsman - well, at least as a court barber, pastry chef, or someone else. Bearers of this surname were known in Russia. One of them could freely purchase land on Petrogradskaya, build a house or houses here along some insignificant and empty run or along the road... The resulting street could be nicknamed Bromleyeva. But they changed the name “Holliday Island” to “Goloday Island”. They could have “rebuilt” Bromleeva Street into Barmaleeva Street. When names move from language to language, other things happen!..

It would seem that the explanation turned out to be no worse than any other. But Mstislav Valerianovich Dobuzhinsky was indignant:
- Don't want! – he protested resolutely. – I don’t want hairdressers or perfumers! I myself know who Barmaley was. It was a terrible robber. Here it is. Opening the sketchbook, he sketched a terrible, mustachioed villain on a piece of paper and, tearing out the leaf, presented the sketch to Korney Ivanovich. And so a new beech was born - Barmaley, and the children's writer Chukovsky did everything that was necessary for this newborn to live a fruitful and impressive life.

Lev Uspensky. "Notes of an old Petersburger"

About Barmaleeva Street

Barmaleeva Street runs in the Petrogradsky district of St. Petersburg from Bolshaya Pushkarskaya Street to Chkalovsky Avenue and Levashovsky Avenue.

The street was laid in the 1730s on the territory of the settlement of the St. Petersburg garrison regiment.
Origin of the name
The street was named Barmaleeva in the second half of the 18th century after the surname of the homeowner (this name was first recorded on maps of St. Petersburg in 1798) and has the form of a short feminine possessive adjective in its name.
Before that, it was sometimes called Perednyaya Matveevskaya after the nearby Church of St. Apostle Matthias.

According to one version, the merchant Barmaleev kept warehouses here at the beginning of the reign of Catherine the Great. According to another, the street was named at the end of the 18th century after the surname of Major or Lieutenant Colonel Stepan Barmaleev. Note that these two versions are not mutually exclusive. According to St. Petersburg historian Larisa Broitman, police warrant officer Andrei Ivanovich Barmaleev lived here with his wife Agrippina Ivanovna and children in the middle of the 18th century, then his son, sergeant Tikhon Barmaleev, owned the house. The fact that the Barmaleevs lived on City Island in the first half of the 19th century is recorded in the address books of that time.
According to an alternative, often mentioned version, the name comes from the distorted surname of a settler from England Bromley, but this is “folk etymology”, which is not confirmed in historical documents, but is the fruit of a guess by K. I. Chukovsky.
From 1804 to 1817, the street had a second name - 16th Street.
On December 15, 1952, the street was renamed Sumskaya, but on January 4, 1954, its historical name was returned - Barmaleeva Street.

Who is Barmaley? The same terrible villain and robber, because of whom children should under no circumstances go for a walk in Africa. In fact, Barmaley is a distorted Turkic-Muslim name Bairam-Ali.

Korney Chukovsky did not know about this, but on a whim he settled his fabulous Barmaley in Africa, where the Turks often “worked” as pirates.

The name of the character from the poetic fairy tale Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky was not born by chance, but thanks to the humor and artistic inspiration of two creative people - Korney Ivanovich himself and the artist Mstislav Dobuzhinsky.

While walking along the Petrograd side of St. Petersburg, Dobruzhinsky and Chukovsky discovered a street with the unusual name Barmaleeva. Dobruzhinsky was surprised: “Who was this Barmaley, after whom the whole street was named?”

Chukovsky tried to draw logical conclusions. Barmaley, he reasoned, could probably turn out to be a distorted surname “Bromley”, the owners of which often ended up in the Russian Empire in the 18th century.

Korney Ivanovich suggested that this Bromley could have been the empress’s favorite doctor or perfumer, and so he was honored to be immortalized on the map of the city. And it was on this street that, for example, his house could stand, Chukovsky continued.

But Dobruzhinsky, like a true artist, was not satisfied with such an assumption. He jokingly suggested that Barmaley was a terrible robber, and immediately sketched a ferocious bearded man on a piece of sketchbook paper.

The image of the villain Barmaley seemed so expressive to Chukovsky that he built an entire fairy tale around this character. Several generations have already grown up on these verses:

Little children!

Not for the world

Don't go to Africa

Go for a walk in Africa!

It is curious that Chukovsky, who was generally mistaken in his theory about the origin of Barmaley, nevertheless placed him on the “correct” continent. In fact, Barmaley is a corruption of “Bayram-Ali,” a proper name of Turkic-Muslim origin. "

Bayram" means holiday, "Ali" means highest, mighty. In Turkmenistan there is a city called Bayramali, the name of which also comes from a man's name. In St. Petersburg, Barmaleeva Street is located on the Petrograd side, not far from the place where the Tatarskaya Sloboda used to be.

As for the “correct” place of residence of Barmaley from the fairy tale, this is not a mistake. Turkey does not belong to Africa, but, given Barmaley’s occupation from Chukovsky’s fairy tale, he could well have ended up there: in former times, it was people from Turkish lands who engaged in piracy in Africa. Chukovsky’s linguistic instinct did not deceive him even when he put the word “Karabas” into Barmaley’s mouth:

He sparkles with terrible eyes,

He chatters with terrible teeth,

He lights a terrible fire,

He shouts a terrible word:

— Karabas! Karabas!

I'll have lunch now!

The fact is that “karabas” is a word of Turkic origin, so it is quite appropriate for Barmaley to pronounce it. A village with this name exists in the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan, but in the Turkish language there is a word Karabasan, which roughly means “nightmare”, something dark and oppressive. And actually “karabas” in Turkish means “black head”, “brunet”. Everything fits!

As for Barmaleyeva Street - the real birthplace of Barmaley, historians have several versions of the origin of its name. It is clear that it appeared on behalf of its own name, that same Bairam-ali. It is also known that the street was named in the second half of the 18th century after the surname of the homeowner.

According to one version, even at the beginning of the reign of Catherine the Great, the merchant Barmaleev kept warehouses here. According to another, the street was named after the surname of Major or Lieutenant Colonel Stepan Barmaleev. However, these two versions are not mutually exclusive.

According to Larisa Broitman, a historian of St. Petersburg and author of books, police warrant officer Andrei Ivanovich Barmaleev actually lived on this street with his wife Agrippina Ivanovna and children in the middle of the 18th century. Later, the house was owned by his son, sergeant Tikhon Barmaleev.

And in the first half of the 19th century, certain Barmaleevs lived on the Petrograd side; whether they were relatives of that ensign or not is no longer known. But in any case, Korney Ivanovich also missed the mark with the profession of the alleged Barmaley. And a court perfumer or doctor could not live in such a place: until the beginning of the 20th century, it was a poor, soldier-craft area.

Name of a character from a poetic tale Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky was not born by chance, but thanks to the humor and artistic inspiration of two creative people - Korney Ivanovich himself and the artist Mstislav Dobuzhinsky. While walking along the Petrograd side of St. Petersburg, Dobruzhinsky and Chukovsky discovered a street with the unusual name Barmaleeva. Dobruzhinsky was surprised: “Who was this Barmaley, after whom an entire street was named?

Chukovsky tried to draw logical conclusions. Barmaley, he reasoned, could probably turn out to be a distorted surname “Bromley”, the owners of which often ended up in the Russian Empire in the 18th century. Korney Ivanovich suggested that this Bromley could have been the empress’s favorite doctor or perfumer, and so he was honored to be immortalized on the map of the city. And it was on this street that, for example, his house could stand, Chukovsky continued. But Dobruzhinsky, like a true artist, was not satisfied with such an assumption. He jokingly suggested that Barmaley was a terrible robber, and immediately sketched a ferocious bearded man on a piece of sketchbook paper.

The image of the villain Barmaley seemed so expressive to Chukovsky that he built an entire fairy tale around this character. Several generations have already grown up on these verses:

Little children!
Not for the world
Don't go to Africa
Go for a walk in Africa!

It is curious that Chukovsky, who was generally mistaken in his theory about the origin of Barmaley, nevertheless placed him on the “correct” continent. In fact, Barmaley - distorted "Bayram-Ali", a proper name of Turkic-Muslim origin. “Bayram” means holiday, “Ali” means highest, mighty. In Turkmenistan there is a city called Bayramaly, the name of which also comes from a man’s name. In St. Petersburg, Barmaleeva Street is located on the Petrograd side, not far from the place where the Tatarskaya Sloboda used to be located.

As for the “correct” place of residence of Barmaley from the fairy tale, this is not a mistake. Turkey does not belong to Africa, but, given Barmaley’s occupation from Chukovsky’s fairy tale, he could well have ended up there: in former times, it was people from Turkish lands who engaged in piracy in Africa. Chukovsky’s linguistic instinct did not deceive him even when he put the word “Karabas” into Barmaley’s mouth:

He sparkles with terrible eyes,
He chatters with terrible teeth,
He lights a terrible fire,
He shouts a terrible word:
- Karabas! Karabas!
I'll have lunch now!

The point is that "karabas"- a word of Turkic origin, so it is quite appropriate for Barmaley to pronounce it. A village with this name exists in the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan, and in Turkish there is a word Karabasan, which roughly means "nightmare", something dark and oppressive. And actually “karabas” in Turkish means “black head”, “brunet”. Everything fits!

What about Barmaleeva Street- the real homeland of Barmaley, historians have several versions of the origin of its name. It is clear that it appeared on behalf of its own name, that same Bairam-ali. It is also known that the street was named in the second half of the 18th century after the surname of the homeowner. According to one version, even at the beginning of the reign of Catherine the Great, the merchant Barmaleev kept warehouses here. According to another, the street was named after the surname of Major or Lieutenant Colonel Stepan Barmaleev. However, these two versions are not mutually exclusive.

According to Larisa Broitman, a historian of St. Petersburg and author of books, police warrant officer Andrei Ivanovich Barmaleev actually lived on this street with his wife Agrippina Ivanovna and children in the middle of the 18th century. Later, the house was owned by his son, sergeant Tikhon Barmaleev. And in the first half of the 19th century, certain Barmaleevs lived on the Petrograd side; whether they were relatives of that ensign or not is no longer known. But in any case, Korney Ivanovich also missed the mark with the profession of the alleged Barmaley. And a court perfumer or doctor could not live in such a place: until the beginning of the 20th century, it was a poor, soldier-craft area.

Barmaleeva Street evokes an association in every person with the famous fairy-tale character. There is such a story described in “Notes of an Old Petersburger” by Lev Uspensky. One day, Korney Chukovsky and his friend Mstislav Dobuzhinsky were walking in the Petrogradsky district of St. Petersburg and turned onto Barmaleeva Street. The artist suddenly asked who this man was after whom the street was named. Chukovsky suggested that he could well be some important foreigner named Bromley and have a house in this area. So the street was called Bromleeva, and then changed to Barmaleeva, which is more harmonious for Russian people.

Dobuzhinsky was not satisfied with this explanation. He immediately began to draw something on a piece of paper, and then solemnly showed it to Chukovsky with the words: “It’s not true! I know who Barmaley was. He was a terrible robber. This is what he looked like...” This is exactly how the antagonist of the good doctor Aibolit Barmaley appeared.

How did this name actually come about?

Meanwhile, its name appeared long before 1926, when the Raduga publishing house first published a poetic fairy tale by Korney Chukovsky. More precisely, for at least one hundred and twenty-eight years, since for the first time it was marked under this name on the plan of 1798.

It's on her. He settled in the middle of the 18th century in a small wooden house. But not Barmaley, but Andrey Ivanovich Barmaleev. Chief police warrant officer.

As St. Petersburg researcher Larisa Broitman managed to find out, he lived here in his house with his wife Agrippina Ivanovna and children Vasily, Ivan and Anisya. In the confessional painting of the Church of St. Matthew, to which the street, sometimes called Perednyaya Matveevskaya in the 18th century, practically led, another son of Andrei Ivanovich, Tikhon, is mentioned. Most likely, the name Barmaleeva was assigned to the street at a time when the house was already owned by sergeant Tikhon Barmaleev.

Where the Barmaleevs lived, house number 5 now stands, built at the beginning of the twentieth century according to the design of Hermann Grimm. Architect Grimm is the namesake of famous storytellers, but the coincidence that he built the house on the site where Barmaleev lived, who, thanks to his unusual surname, contributed to the creation of another image of a fairy-tale hero, is very symbolic!

Where did such an unusual surname come from? In Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl’s “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” there is a verb “barmolit”, that is, “mumble, burr, lisp, speak indistinctly.” A person with slurred diction could well receive the nickname “Barmoley”, and due to the fact that in the 18th century the unstressed “o” often turned into “a”, and his surname could be written “Barmaleev”.

The Barmaleevs lived on City Island in the first half of the 19th century - this is recorded in the address books. Then, when they left here, their last name was forgotten, which is why in the 1920s Mstislav Dobuzhinsky and Korney Chukovsky were able to dream up, to the delight of the children.