Why does the actor so diligently reproduce the character? Creative interaction between director and actor

Genrikh Saulovich Altshuller, creator of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), born October 15, 1926 in Tashkent. Parents were from Baku. My father worked in the editorial office of the newspaper “Zarya Vostoka”. When the boy was 5 years old, his parents returned to Baku. He lived in this city almost his entire life.

He went to the library very early and read science fiction avidly. Lucky with teachers. I dreamed of becoming a sailor. In the 8th grade he entered a naval special school. When the war began, the entire school graduating class was taken to the front. He was a year younger than everyone else, so they left him. I had to go back to regular school.

In those years, just a boy, G.S. Altshuller designed a boat with a chemical engine. He studied in two circles: naval and chemical. And in both, it was necessary to do a final work at the end of the year. As a result of the combination of works, a boat with a chemical engine appeared. The idea of ​​the engine was simple: if you pour water into the carbide, a violent reaction will begin, releasing gas. If you ignite the gas, you get a jet engine. He realized his idea: he built a boat that could support a person. And here are the tests. They poured water into the engine, nothing happened for several seconds, suddenly a sharp shock threw the tester overboard, as it turned out, fortunately, because after a few seconds the boat flew across the entire pond, jumped ashore and exploded... (See details).

He also wanted to build a Nautilus or just some kind of apparatus that would allow him to swim underwater. Scuba gear had not yet been invented, and where did you get a compressor to compress air? Liquid air would have been suitable, but, of course, the boy couldn’t have had a refrigeration machine either. Is it possible to obtain liquid air without liquefaction? Theoretically impossible... And yet he managed to circumvent the ban. He decided to use a liquid that has a lot of oxygen - hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2. To release oxygen, it is enough to heat it. And it turned out to be easy to get hydrogen peroxide - it is sold in pharmacies. The apparatus was built. Still at school G.S. Altshuller received a copyright certificate for his first invention.

After school he was drafted into the army. He ended up in a reserve rifle regiment, from which he was sent to a flight school. The end of the school coincided with the end of the war, and G.S. Altshuller asked to be sent to Baku, to the naval flotilla.

In the navy he ended up working in the patent department. I had to invent a lot myself and teach it to others. He had a strange situation: people twice and sometimes three times his age asked for help in inventing. How can I help them? He rushed to libraries, rummaged through a huge number of books in search of advice, rules on how to invent, and found nothing. It turned out that there was nothing to teach. There was a need to study or create invention techniques yourself. He did not immediately realize that he had achieved a great goal that was extremely important for all of humanity - to create a method that would allow everyone to learn to invent and solve creative problems in various areas of human activity. And for the rest of my life G. S. Altshuller subordinated to the achievement of this goal. Unlike psychologists who studied the person who makes inventions, Altshuller began to study the inventions themselves, i.e. technical systems created by man. He began to look for the differences between strong inventions and weak ones. I used contradiction as a criterion. The entire fund of copyright certificates and patents was analyzed and standard methods for resolving technical contradictions were identified.

In 1948, when the first results were obtained, G.S. Altshuller together with a comrade whom he recruited to work on the goal, they wrote a letter to Stalin. It was voluminous - several dozen pages and contained an analysis of the very deplorable state of invention in the country. It took six months to write it. The letter proposed measures to improve invention, primarily by teaching inventors new inventive techniques. The letter was businesslike, dry, without the assurances of personal love and devotion obligatory for that time; it looked like a reproach to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, who, according to the authors, performed his duties poorly. At the end of the letter it was reported that a technique had been created that allowed solving inventive problems. This technique had to be taught.

Many asked later Genrikh Saulovich about this letter - did he really not understand what it threatened? I understood. But I could not remain indifferent to the terrible devastation in which our country found itself in the post-war years, to the threat of nuclear war. He was confident that he had the opportunity to help restore the country, and could not help but try to do it. But the response to the letter was arrest, absurd accusations, torture, and a sentence of 25 years in the camps.

Work on TRIZ did not stop in the camp, despite the starvation, inhuman living conditions and, in addition, one of the most mocking deprivations - the ban on taking notes - everything had to be kept in mind. And yet Altshuller believes that exactly TRIZ helped him survive: the first to die were those who broke down, resigned themselves to hopelessness and lost their purpose, the meaning of life. For example, Genrikh Saulovich told such an episode. During the period of the so-called “investigation”, the jailers used to sophisticatedly mock the defendants. One of such bullying was their actions. The prisoner was called in for interrogation at night. In the brightly lit cell where the interrogation was to take place, the prisoner was seated on the only chair in the cell, facing an iron door that had a viewing window. He was left alone. The prisoner had to sit on this chair for many hours at a time and was forbidden to sleep. The guard located outside regularly looked through the observation window and, if he saw that the prisoner had closed his eyes, he immediately burst into the cell and began beating him with a rubber truncheon. Depriving a person of sleep is a very terrible torture.

Being in this situation, Genrikh Saulovich formulated a contradiction for himself: he must close his eyes in order to sleep, and must not close his eyes so as not to give the guards a reason to beat him. He resolved this contradiction in the following way: he cut out small oblong pieces of paper and drew the dark pupils of his eyes on them with charcoal. When he was once again called in for questioning, he took these pieces of paper with him. Left alone on a chair in the torture chamber and waiting for a moment when he was not being watched, he closed his eyes and stuck pieces of paper with saliva on his eyelids. The warden looked into the cell - the prisoner's eyes were open. But in fact he was sleeping.

Once at the camp, G.S. Altshuller I quickly realized that if you work the way the guards demanded of prisoners, you won’t last long. Despite the fact that those going to work were entitled to a significantly larger ration than those who were no longer able to go to work, the conditions and workload were such that this ration could not possibly be enough to restore strength. “A big solder is ruining,” I realized Genrikh Saulovich and voluntarily abandoned it, ceasing to go to work and moving into the category of “wanderers” - dying people whom everyone gave up on.

There were many of these in the barracks. People were dying every day. Among the “go-getters” were many representatives of the technical intelligentsia: specialists in various fields of technology, professors and associate professors of technical universities. All of these were elderly people, very weakened and in the stage of slow dying.

And then Genrikh Saulovich opened a “university of one student” in the barracks. Every day, according to a certain schedule, he listened to lectures from one of his fellow sufferers. People came to life. They had a goal: to pass on their knowledge to a young man. And the people in the barracks stopped dying!

In 1953, after another refusal to pardon her son, the mother Altshuller committed suicide. My father died even earlier. And in 1954 G.S. Altshuller was completely rehabilitated.

In 1956 in the magazine “Questions of Psychology” outlining the basics TRIZ. The main idea is that technology develops according to objective laws that must be studied. Any inventive task is identification and resolution of contradictions.

For two years, experts struggled with the problem of creating a gas-heat-protective suit for mountain rescuers. The problem was that the weight of the suit, including the breathing apparatus and cooling system, should not have exceeded 20 kilograms, while only the breathing apparatus weighed 16 kilograms and the cooling system a little less. An all-Union competition was announced. And the first three places in it were taken by three variants of the spacesuit developed G.S. Altshuller together with a friend. They found a beautiful solution to the problem: combining cooling and breathing systems. First, liquid oxygen is used for cooling, and evaporated oxygen is used for breathing; Of course, the path from idea to design was not close; along the way, the friends had to make several more inventions before the projects were ready.

After returning from hard labor Altshuller got a job at a steel rope factory, worked in the editorial office of the newspaper “Baku Worker”, then at the Ministry of Construction of Azerbaijan. Graduated from college.

But the attitude towards former “prisoners” in our country was quite negative. They tried not to hire him, and if they did, they tried to get rid of him at the first opportunity. However, it was necessary to earn a living. Altshuller I again formulated a contradiction for myself: you have to work to earn money, but you can’t work because they don’t hire you. He found a resolution to this contradiction in engaging in literary work.

Since the late 50s Altshuller- science fiction writer. He wrote fiction under a pseudonym Genrikh Altov(see details).

However, gradually work on the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) replaced science fiction and took up my entire life.

The implementation of the technique was difficult. For ten years, from 1958 to 1967, correspondence was conducted with the VOIR Central Committee. Altshuller asked to listen to him and received refusals for ten years.

In 1970, the VOIR Central Council decided to create Public Laboratory of Invention Methodology (OLMI) , and in 1971 it was opened Azerbaijan Public Institute of Inventive Creativity (AzPOIIT) . It grew out of the country's first youth invention school.

Huge effort G.S. Altshuller contributed to the organization of research work. OLMI employees worked on a relay race principle. Those who could not stand it and left transferred the materials to other developers. Altshuller managed to create a good creative team of theory developers.

Schools began to spring up all over the country, teaching TRIZ.

In 1974, the VOIR Central Center closed OLMI, because G.S. Altshuller did not stop creating schools throughout the country at the request of the VOIR Central Committee. The process of creating schools was becoming uncontrollable for the VOIR Central Committee. After the closure of OLMI G.S. Altshuller left AzOIIT. Other teachers left with him. OLMI existed for another 10 years on a voluntary basis.

The period of recognition began in the 90s TRIZ abroad, in the largest countries of the world. This was facilitated by the creation of an intellectual program for personal computers, “The Inventing Machine.”

Altshuller's literary heritage is enormous: dozens of books, hundreds of articles. Many of them have been translated into foreign languages ​​and published abroad. Mass implementation has now begun TRIZ in pedagogy and other areas of human activity.

So many G.S. Altshuller did for the organization TRIZ movements, uniting everyone who uses TRIZ. In 1989 it was created All-Union TRIZ Association. Was elected President of the Association G.S. Altshuller.

In 1998, the International TRIZ Association was created with headquarters in St. Petersburg. TRIZ movement develops in depth and breadth. In hundreds of cities in our country and abroad there are schools, people's universities, and centers for teaching invention to adults and children, where classes are taught by trained G. S. Altshuller students and students of his students.

Students begin to solve their production problems during the training process. Study Groups TRIZ work in factories, research institutes, Palaces of Culture and Technology, Houses of Scientific and Technical Propaganda, centers of scientific and technical creativity, universities, institutes for advanced training of engineers, cooperatives and commercial firms.

TRIZ It is studied not only by engineers, but also by doctors, teachers, sociologists, biologists, journalists, entrepreneurs - everyone who has to solve creative problems in their work. Lots of people are grateful G.S. Altshuller for the fact that he attracted them to work on a science, perhaps the most important one created in our time - the science of the development of a creative personality.

Genrikh Saulovich Altshuller (pseudonym Genrikh Altov, October 15, 1926, Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, USSR - September 24, 1998, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia) - author of TRIZ-TRTS (theory of solving inventive problems - theory of development of technical systems), author of TRTL ( theories of creative personality development), inventor, writer.

In 1931 the family moved to Baku (USSR, Azerbaijan). Parents are journalists.

I have been inventing since childhood. Among his first inventions were a boat with a rocket engine, a flamethrower pistol, and a spacesuit. He received his first copyright certificate for an invention at the age of 17 (priority application dated November 9, 1943). By 1950, the number of inventions exceeded ten. The most significant of them is the gas-thermal protective suit (AS No. 111144).

In 1946-48 The main goal of life was the development of TRIZ (the theory of solving inventive problems). The main postulate of TRIZ-TRTS: technical systems develop according to certain laws; these laws can be identified and used to create an algorithm for solving inventive problems.

To the creation and improvement of TRIZ-TRTS, and ultimately to the creation of the theory of strong thinking, G.S. Altshuller devoted his life - about 50 years.

Books (7)

Posted in accordance with the permission of the Copyright Holders: http://www.altshuller.ru/vested/

How to become a genius. Life strategy of a creative personality.

The life of a creative person is an exciting struggle between the individual and the external circumstances that interfere with it. It has its own laws and rules, ups and downs. The authors discovered them by studying the destinies of hundreds of outstanding people, and invite the reader to play an exciting chess game on the board called life.

To read the book, no prior special information is needed. It will make a high school student and a student think about the problem of choosing a Worthy Goal to which to devote their lives, a novice researcher will get into his hands a powerful tool for its implementation, a mature scientist will relive the vicissitudes of his struggle and will regret that this book did not come to him for many years ago.

So, this book is for those who would like to devote their lives to creativity, regardless of what area of ​​human activity it belongs to.

Reader comments

Natasha/ 10.17.2019 Where to buy books?

Sergey/ 05.20.2018 //Anatoly / 01.6.2017
I am delighted with TRIZ. Someone here correctly noted that this theory does not help in business. //
Why doesn't it help? At one time, I formulated several contradictions in retail trade and, with the help of TRIZ, managed to find solutions to them. For example, this: “you need to buy cheaper and sell more expensive” (it is clear that this contradicts each other - especially if the difference is large). However, even the simplest techniques of “separation in time and space” already suggest a solution - buy in the off-season, sell in the season, for example.

Anatoly/ 01/06/2017 I am delighted with TRIZ. Someone here correctly noted that this theory does not help in business. So this is because business is cannibalistic profit at the expense of others, bringing destruction of everything else around, disruption (and not creation) of the balance, and its shift in one’s favor, money and not creation in principle. This cannot be compatible with TRIZ. TRIZ is quite compatible with a normal economy aimed at Harmony in the System.

Rina/ 03/29/2016 Informative and relevant. Helps to expand the convolutions))

Victor/ 12/8/2015 TRIZ by G. Altshuller is a very interesting and useful technique, because helps to remove the blinders from the brain, shake it up and, accordingly, solve the problem in the best possible way. I used it and it always helped.

Phil/ 09.24.2015 It’s a pity, of course, that the heirs usurped Altov’s works. By turning them into your own business and your own wealth.

However, even God will not help them, because the RESOURCES to which Altov opened the eyes of the world have long been living an independent life. They have long become the ESSENTIAL world. And those who can understand this will understand me too:
It’s enough to get acquainted with Altov’s works in passing, but it won’t be enough if you then don’t create a HABIT of Systems Thinking (SM).
SM obliges you to focus your attention on TRENDS - they are always objective. Everything else is just limited images. Which you can spend your whole life without ever learning to use what is an OBJECTIVE RESOURCE.
With uv.
P.S. - PREFERENCES - minimize SM errors. Train yourself not to ignore preferences and you won’t even need TRIZ and ARIZ.

Andrey/ 07/06/2015 I highly recommend paying attention to this portal http://vikent.ru/altshuller/
It was created by a student of G. S. Altshuller. The portal is non-profit and aims to popularize creativity.
A worthy goal according to G.S. Altshuller