Three-dimensional images in sculpture. The great Italian master Michelangelo Buonarotti called sculpture “the art of cutting off the superfluous.”

Once upon a time, so says the legend, the sculptor Pygmalion lived on the island of Crete in the Mediterranean Sea. Among the residents of Cyprus there was no one whom the sculptor wanted to marry - he decided to remain single for the rest of his life. He avoided everyone and worked all day in his workshop. But in his imagination lived the image of a beautiful woman. He created a magnificent statue from ivory and called it Galatea. The statue turned out to be of such extraordinary beauty that the sculptor fell in love with it. On one of the holidays in honor of the goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite, Pygmalion went to the temple of this goddess, made a sacrifice to her and began to beg her to give him a woman as beautiful as his statue as his wife. The goddess could not find such a woman among the living, but she really wanted to fulfill the artist’s request... Pygmalion returned home, went up to kiss his statue, and - lo and behold! – under the kisses the statue came to life and turned into a beautiful woman.

Lesson topic : 3D IMAGES IN SCULPTURE

Purpose of the lesson : to develop an understanding of the expressive capabilities of three-dimensional images, an understanding of the connection with the surrounding space; learn to see the constructive form of an object, master the skills of a three-dimensional image of an object, actively perceive various types of fine art, and use appropriate art materials.

Lesson type: lesson in learning new knowledge

Planned educational results:

Subject : study of the expressive capabilities of three-dimensional images; classification on given grounds (types of sculpture); use of artistic materials and tools; organization of the workplace.
Metasubject :
- regulatory control systems- determine the goal, problem in educational activities, realize the insufficiency of one’s knowledge;
- cognitive UUD- independently distinguish between artistic materials and look for ways to work with them; understand the learning objective of the lesson;
- communicative UUD- answer questions, ask questions to clarify educational activities; consciously use speech means in accordance with the learning situation
Personal : expression of a positive attitude towards the learning process: manifestation of attention, surprise, desire to learn more. Evaluating your own educational activities: your achievements, independence, initiative, responsibility, reasons for failures.

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“Presentation of a fine arts lesson on the topic: “Three-dimensional images in sculpture””

Municipal educational institution of the city of Dzhankoy, Republic of Crimea

"Secondary School No. 3"

Fine arts lesson in 6th grade on the topic:

"Three-dimensional images in sculpture"

Fine Arts Teacher:

Emirosmanova Z.K.

Round sculpture

Relief and its varieties

Sculpture and its varieties

Sculpture– a type of fine art that provides a three-dimensional image of objects.

The word itself comes from the Latin " skulper ", which means " carve ».

An artist who devotes himself to the art of sculpture is called a sculptor or sculptor.

His main task is to convey the human figure in a real or idealized form, animals play a secondary role in his work, and other objects appear only as subordinates or are processed exclusively for ornamental purposes.

Types of sculpture:

ROUND SCULPTURE

RELIEF

(statue, group, figurine, bust), viewed from different sides and surrounded by free space;

everything depicted is created using volumes protruding from the background plane.

Main genres of sculpture

portrait;
historical;
mythological;
domestic;
symbolic;
allegorical;
animalistic.

Round sculpture

Poseidon sculpture

in Copenhagen

Discus thrower.

Miron. V century BC

SOCRATES

(469-399 BC)

Relief and its varieties

The image protrudes above the background plane by more than half its volume

The image protrudes above the background plane Not more than half the volume

View of in-depth relief

BAS-RELIEF

COUNTERRELIEF

HIGH RELIEF

BAS-RELIEF

COUNTERRELIEF

Methods for obtaining a sculpture. Materials

The method of obtaining a sculpture depends on the material:

plastic - increasing the volume of a sculpture by adding soft material (clay)

sculpting - cutting off excess parts of a solid material (stone)

casting - a work created by pouring molten metal into a mold

Artistic and practical activities

From the film “Plasticine Crow”

Sources used:

Kosminskaya V.B. Fundamentals of fine arts and methods of guiding children’s visual activities: lab. workshop [textbook] manual for pedagogical students. Institute] / V.B Kosminskaya, N.B. Khalezova. – M.: Education, 1981. – 144 p.
Nemenskaya L.A. Fine arts. Art in human life. 6th grade: educational. for general education Organizations / L.A. Nemenskaya; edited by B.M. Nemensky. – M.: Education, 2014. – 175 p.
Sculpture [Electronic resource] – access mode: http://www.izmailovart.ru/glossari/97-skulptura.html. – Title from the screen.

Sections: MHC and ISO

Class: 6

Goals:

To acquaint students with the expressive possibilities of three-dimensional images, types of sculptural images, the relationship of volume with the surrounding space and lighting, artistic materials used in sculpture, and their properties;
Learn to create three-dimensional images of animals using plasticine;
Cultivate interest in educational activities and sculptural art.

Equipment:

Presentation on the topic of the lesson “The Art of Sculpting” (Appendix 1) .
Images of sculptural forms.
Plasticine, jars of water, cloth for wiping hands, lining napkins, plasticine knives, stacks, sieve.
Demonstration tables “Modeling techniques”.

Dictionary: sculpture, modeling, relief

Lesson Plan

Organizational moment. (Appendix 2. Poem by V. Korkin “Me and the Sun”)
Lesson topic message.
Studying new material: messages from prepared students, presentation on the lesson topic “The Art of Sculpting.”
Setting an artistic task. Practical work.
Exhibition of children's works. Generalization of acquired knowledge.
Lesson summary. Assessment.
Homework.

Progress of the lesson.

1. Organizational moment. Checking the readiness of the workplace.

2. Report the topic of the lesson.

Guys, look and tell me, what type of art do you see on the board? (Sculptures.)

Do you think they got here by chance? (No, not by chance.)

What will we talk about in today's lesson? (About sculpture.)

From the first idols, from dolmens, magic stones, distant prototypes of today's monuments came the awareness of the possibility of sculpture, an understanding of the expressiveness and emotionality of its material.

In sculpture, perhaps more than in any other form of artistic creativity, its ability to provide a generalized metographic form of life phenomena is clear.

We have known the word “sculpture” for a long time, but we will get to know what possibilities a three-dimensional image has, what types of sculptural images exist, in today’s lesson. In addition, you yourself will play the role of sculptors and create an animal sculpture from plasticine.

3. Studying new material.

(Student messages are accompanied by a slide show and teacher comments.)

Sculpture is the oldest form of art that arose at the dawn of human existence. What is sculpture and how does it differ from other forms of art? (Slide 1.) In painting, an image is created with paints on the plane of the canvas. Sculpture, unlike painting, is a real, real, and not a depicted volume. The round statue can be walked around and seen from all sides, enjoying different perspectives. You can touch the sculpture with your hand, feel the rough or smooth surface of the stone, the roundness of the shape. Word "sculpture" originally meant carving, cutting out (sculpting) figures from solid materials. Subsequently, this concept also denoted works created through modeling.

1st student: What does the sculpture represent?

The main subject of the image in a round sculpture is a person, although sometimes sculptors depict animals and birds, and even more rarely, inanimate objects. (Slide 2.) The possibilities of sculpture differ significantly from the possibilities of painting. It is very difficult to reproduce pictures of nature in a round sculpture; it is impossible to show the features of the airy atmosphere. Depicting mostly only a person, sculptors, nevertheless, are able to express in his bodily form any ideas - from the lyrical, sincere to the most grandiose and majestic. (Slide 3.)

2nd student: Sculpture is not a copy of nature.

Like any artist, a sculptor must be able to accurately convey nature (that is, what is actually the subject of the image). He must know well the structure of the human body, its proportions, muscles, and be able to reliably show movement. (Slide 4.) but the sculptor does not at all strive to accurately copy what he sees in life. If you make an exact copy of a human face or figure, you will get something very unsightly - a frozen, lifeless double. In order to create a work of art that reflects the feelings and thoughts of the sculptor, it is necessary to display the most important, essential, remove unnecessary details, and highlight, emphasize, exaggerate something. A sculptor does not copy, he creates, creates a new form. (Slide 5.)

3rd student: Where can you find the sculpture?

The sculpture is created in the sculptor’s workshop, and it is found everywhere - on the streets and squares of cities, among the greenery of parks, on the facades of buildings, in the silence of museum halls and in the rooms of modern apartments. A sculptor creates his work with a specific environment in mind. The place where the sculpture will stand determines its size, the material from which it will be made, and the artistic features of its form. (Slide 6.)

FISMINUTKA (Appendix 3)

4th student: Types of sculpture.

There are several types of sculpture (Slide7).

Monumental sculpture.(Slide 8, 9.)

Monumental sculpture (from the Latin moneo - “to remind”) are monuments erected in honor of a historical event or depicting an outstanding person. They demonstrate the ability of sculpture to embody great ideas in generalized images. The more grandiose the idea, the more the sculptor must show creative imagination in order to achieve clarity and expressiveness of plastic forms.

5th student: Park sculpture.(Slide 10, 11.)

Marble and bronze statues often greet us in the alleys of ancient parks and decorate fountains. Such sculpture usually does not express large, significant ideas. It serves to decorate the natural environment: the skillful hand of the sculptor seems to compete with nature in creating perfect forms.

6th student: Sculpture of small forms.(Slide 12, 13.)

The sculpture can be intended for living in the interior. This is the so-called sculpture of “small forms”. These figurines are designed to be looked at for a long time. “interviews” with the owners of the house. They are performed especially carefully, paying special attention to small details and details. Small sculptures most often do not have a pedestal, only sometimes a small stand.

Teacher: Facades of palaces and temples (relief).(Slide 14, 15).

There are two main types of plastic art: round sculpture and relief. Their capabilities and features are very different. The round sculpture “lives” in free space; it can be walked around and viewed from all sides. Relief (from the Latin rilievo - “protrusion, convexity, rise”) is similar to a three-dimensional drawing made in clay or stone. On a flat stone surface. The sculptor sculpts, carves or carves images of figures and objects from wood or other material, often creating complex plot compositions. In this case, the image remains connected to the background, protruding from it - convexly or very slightly, remaining flat.

Sculptural reliefs are often part of the decorative decoration of temples and palaces. They are directly related to architecture, and their plots often “tell us about the building or its owner.

Types of relief.(Slide 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)

Depending on how voluminous the image of the figure is and how connected they are to the background, two types of relief are distinguished:

Bas-relief is a low, fairly flat relief. Used on medals and coins, to decorate architectural structures.
High relief is a high relief, the sculptural image recedes from the background and is given in almost full volume. In high relief the figures appear very convex, almost round. Sometimes they look like statues placed against a flat background.
Picturesque relief - in its features reminiscent of a picturesque painting.
Embedded relief - an image in such a relief does not protrude above the background, but, on the contrary, goes deeper. The contours and images seem to have been scratched by a sculptor on the surface of the stone.
Gems are reliefs on precious and semi-precious stones and jewelry. A recessed image, embedded deep into a solid mineral, is called an “intaglio,” and a convex image, protruding above the surface of the stone, is called a “cameo.”

Sculptor's materials.(Slide 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.)

- “He was not a sculptor. Who will tell you: I don’t care: this thing can be done in marble, it can be done in bronze,” wrote the Russian sculptor I. Efimov. Each material endows the sculpture with its own qualities, as if it gives a piece of its soul to the work. All sculptor materials can be divided into soft and hard.

Soft materials– this is clay, plasticine, wax. Working with these materials, the sculptor, in fact, is engaged in sculpting - he sculpts, gradually increasing the volume of the future statue.

Hard materials– various stones – marble, limestone, sandstone, as well as wood and ivory. Since ancient times, sculptures of tombs and temples have been carved from hard, durable stone.

Metal– Metals stand out among the sculptor’s materials: bronze, copper, cast iron and gold. The method of making metal sculptures is special - first a model of the future work is created, and then a metal casting is made from it.

FISMINUTKA (Appendix 3)

4. Statement of an artistic task. Practical work.

Today, each of you will have to play the role of a sculptor and create the figure of an animal. But first, let's review the basic sculpting methods. (Working on charts and tables)

Basic sculpting techniques: tear off, roll out, connect.