Famous writers of the 19th century. Houses where Russian writers of the 19th century were born

Aksakov Ivan Sergeevich (1823-1886)- poet and publicist. One of the leaders of Russian Slavophiles.

Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich (1817-1860)– poet, literary critic, linguist, historian. The inspirer and ideologist of Slavophilism.

Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich (1791-1859) – writer and public figure, literary and theater critic. Wrote a book about fishing and hunting. Father of writers Konstantin and Ivan Aksakov. The most famous work: the fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower”.

Annensky Innokenty Fedorovich (1855-1909)– poet, playwright, literary critic, linguist, translator. Author of the plays: “King Ixion”, “Laodamia”, “Melanippe the Philosopher”, “Thamira the Kefared”.

Baratynsky Evgeniy Abramovich (1800-1844)- poet and translator. Author of the poems: “Eda”, “Feasts”, “Ball”, “Concubine” (“Gypsy”).

Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787-1855)- poet. Also the author of a number of well-known prose articles: “On the character of Lomonosov”, “Evening at Kantemir’s” and others.

Belinsky Vissarion Grigorievich (1811-1848)- literary critic. He headed the critical department in the publication Otechestvennye zapiski. Author of numerous critical articles. He had a huge influence on Russian literature.

Bestuzhev-Marlinsky Alexander Alexandrovich (1797-1837)– Byronist writer, literary critic. Published under the pseudonym Marlinsky. Published the almanac "Polar Star". He was one of the Decembrists. Author of prose: “Test”, “Terrible fortune-telling”, “Frigate Nadezhda” and others.

Vyazemsky Pyotr Andreevich (1792-1878)– poet, memoirist, historian, literary critic. One of the founders and first head of the Russian Historical Society. Close friend of Pushkin.

Venevetinov Dmitry Vladimirovich (1805-1827)– poet, prose writer, philosopher, translator, literary critic. Author of 50 poems. He was also known as an artist and musician. Organizer of the secret philosophical association “Society of Philosophy”.

Herzen Alexander Ivanovich (1812-1870)- writer, philosopher, teacher. The most famous works: the novel “Who is to Blame?”, the stories “Doctor Krupov”, “The Thieving Magpie”, “Damaged”.

Glinka Sergei Nikolaevich (1776-1847)– writer, memoirist, historian. The ideological inspirer of conservative nationalism. Author of the following works: “Selim and Roxana”, “The Virtues of Women” and others.

Glinka Fedor Nikolaevich (1876-1880)- poet and writer. Member of the Decembrist Society. The most famous works: the poems “Karelia” and “The Mysterious Drop”.

Gogol Nikolai Vasilievich (1809-1852)- writer, playwright, poet, literary critic. Classic of Russian literature. Author: “Dead Souls”, the cycle of stories “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”, the stories “The Overcoat” and “Viy”, the plays “The Inspector General” and “Marriage” and many other works.

Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich (1812-1891)- writer, literary critic. Author of the novels: “Oblomov”, “Cliff”, “An Ordinary Story”.

Griboedov Alexander Sergeevich (1795-1829)- poet, playwright and composer. He was a diplomat and died in service in Persia. The most famous work is the poem “Woe from Wit,” which served as the source of many catchphrases.

Grigorovich Dmitry Vasilievich (1822-1900)- writer.

Davydov Denis Vasilievich (1784-1839)- poet, memoirist. Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. Author of numerous poems and war memoirs.

Dal Vladimir Ivanovich (1801-1872)– writer and ethnographer. Being a military doctor, he collected folklore along the way. The most famous literary work is “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language.” Dahl worked on the dictionary for more than 50 years.

Delvig Anton Antonovich (1798-1831)- poet, publisher.

Dobrolyubov Nikolai Alexandrovich (1836-1861)- literary critic and poet. He published under the pseudonyms -bov and N. Laibov. Author of numerous critical and philosophical articles.

Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich (1821-1881)- writer and philosopher. Recognized classic of Russian literature. Author of works: “The Brothers Karamazov”, “Idiot”, “Crime and Punishment”, “Teenager” and many others.

Zhemchuzhnikov Alexander Mikhailovich (1826-1896)

Zhemchuzhnikov Alexey Mikhailovich (1821-1908)- poet and satirist. Together with his brothers and the writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov. Author of the comedy “Strange Night” and the collection of poems “Songs of Old Age”.

Zhemchuzhnikov Vladimir Mikhailovich (1830-1884)- poet. Together with his brothers and the writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov.

Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich (1783-1852)- poet, literary critic, translator, founder of Russian romanticism.

Zagoskin Mikhail Nikolaevich (1789-1852)- writer and playwright. Author of the first Russian historical novels. Author of the works “The Prankster”, “Yuri Miloslavsky, or the Russians in 1612”, “Kulma Petrovich Miroshev” and others.

Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich (1766-1826)- historian, writer and poet. Author of the monumental work “History of the Russian State” in 12 volumes. He wrote the stories: “Poor Liza”, “Eugene and Yulia” and many others.

Kireevsky Ivan Vasilievich (1806-1856)– religious philosopher, literary critic, Slavophile.

Krylov Ivan Andreevich (1769-1844)- poet and fabulist. Author of 236 fables, many of which became popular expressions. Published magazines: “Mail of Spirits”, “Spectator”, “Mercury”.

Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich (1797-1846)- poet. He was one of the Decembrists. Close friend of Pushkin. Author of works: “The Argives”, “The Death of Byron”, “The Eternal Jew”.

Lazhechnikov Ivan Ivanovich (1792-1869)- writer, one of the founders of the Russian historical novel. Author of the novels “The Ice House” and “Basurman”.

Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich (1814-1841)- poet, writer, playwright, artist. Classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: the novel “Hero of Our Time”, the story “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, the poems “Mtsyri” and “Masquerade”.

Leskov Nikolai Semenovich (1831-1895)- writer. The most famous works: “Lefty”, “Cathedrals”, “On Knives”, “Righteous”.

Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich (1821-1878)- poet and writer. Classic of Russian literature. Head of the Sovremennik magazine, editor of the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine. The most famous works: “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, “Russian Women”, “Frost, Red Nose”.

Ogarev Nikolai Platonovich (1813-1877)- poet. Author of poems, poems, critical articles.

Odoevsky Alexander Ivanovich (1802-1839)- poet and writer. He was one of the Decembrists. Author of the poem "Vasilko", the poems "Zosima" and "Elder Prophetess".

Odoevsky Vladimirovich Fedorovich (1804-1869)– writer, thinker, one of the founders of musicology. He wrote fantastic and utopian works. Author of the novel “Year 4338” and numerous short stories.

Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich (1823-1886)– playwright. Classic of Russian literature. Author of plays: “The Thunderstorm”, “Dowry”, “The Marriage of Balzaminov” and many others.

Panaev Ivan Ivanovich (1812-1862)- writer, literary critic, journalist. Author of works: “Mama’s Boy”, “Meeting at the Station”, “Lions of the Province” and others.

Pisarev Dmitry Ivanovich (1840-1868)– literary critic of the sixties, translator. Many of Pisarev’s articles were dismantled into aphorisms.

Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich (1799-1837)- poet, writer, playwright. Classic of Russian literature. Author: the poems “Poltava” and “Eugene Onegin”, the story “The Captain’s Daughter”, the collection of stories “Belkin’s Tales” and numerous poems. Founded the literary magazine Sovremennik.

Raevsky Vladimir Fedoseevich (1795-1872)- poet. Participant in the Patriotic War of 1812. He was one of the Decembrists.

Ryleev Kondraty Fedorovich (1795-1826) – poet. He was one of the Decembrists. Author of the historical poetic cycle "Dumas". Published the literary almanac "Polar Star".

Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Efgrafovich (1826-1889)- writer, journalist. Classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: “Lord Golovlevs”, “The Wise Minnow”, “Poshekhon Antiquity”. He was the editor of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.

Samarin Yuri Fedorovich (1819-1876)- publicist and philosopher.

Sukhovo-Kobylin Alexander Vasilievich (1817-1903)– playwright, philosopher, translator. Author of the plays: “Krechinsky’s Wedding”, “The Affair”, “The Death of Tarelkin”.

Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich (1817-1875)- writer, poet, playwright. Author of the poems: “The Sinner”, “The Alchemist”, the plays “Fantasy”, “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich”, the stories “The Ghoul” and “The Wolf’s Adopted”. Together with the Zhemchuzhnikov brothers, he created the image of Kozma Prutkov.

Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich (1828-1910)- writer, thinker, educator. Classic of Russian literature. Served in the artillery. Participated in the defense of Sevastopol. The most famous works: “War and Peace”, “Anna Karenina”, “Resurrection”. In 1901 he was excommunicated from the church.

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich (1818-1883)- writer, poet, playwright. Classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: “Mumu”, “Asya”, “The Noble Nest”, “Fathers and Sons”.

Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803-1873)- poet. Classic of Russian literature.

Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich (1820-1892)– lyric poet, memoirist, translator. Classic of Russian literature. Author of numerous romantic poems. Translated Juvenal, Goethe, Catullus.

Khomyakov Alexey Stepanovich (1804-1860)- poet, philosopher, theologian, artist.

Chernyshevsky Nikolai Gavrilovich (1828-1889)- writer, philosopher, literary critic. Author of the novels “What to do?” and “Prologue”, as well as the stories “Alferyev”, “Small Stories”.

Chekhov Anton Pavlovich (1860-1904)- writer, playwright. Classic of Russian literature. Author of the plays “The Cherry Orchard”, “Three Sisters”, “Uncle Vanya” and numerous short stories. Conducted a population census on Sakhalin Island.

(estimates: 50 , average: 4,00 out of 5)

In Russia, literature has its own direction, different from any other. The Russian soul is mysterious and incomprehensible. The genre reflects both Europe and Asia, which is why the best classical Russian works are extraordinary, striking in their soulfulness and vitality.

The main character is the soul. For a person, his position in society, the amount of money is not important, it is important for him to find himself and his place in this life, to find the truth and peace of mind.

The books of Russian literature are united by the features of a writer who has the gift of the great Word, who has completely devoted himself to this art of literature. The best classics saw life not flatly, but multifacetedly. They wrote about life not of random destinies, but of those expressing existence in its most unique manifestations.

Russian classics are so different, with different destinies, but what unites them is that literature is recognized as a school of life, a way of studying and developing Russia.

Russian classical literature was created by the best writers from different parts of Russia. It is very important where the author was born, because this determines his formation as a person, his development, and it also affects his writing skills. Pushkin, Lermontov, Dostoevsky were born in Moscow, Chernyshevsky in Saratov, Shchedrin in Tver. Poltava region in Ukraine is the birthplace of Gogol, Podolsk province - Nekrasov, Taganrog - Chekhov.

Three great classics, Tolstoy, Turgenev and Dostoevsky, were completely different people from each other, had different destinies, complex characters and great talents. They made a huge contribution to the development of literature, writing their best works, which still excite the hearts and souls of readers. Everyone should read these books.

Another important difference between the books of Russian classics is that they ridicule the shortcomings of a person and his way of life. Satire and humor are the main features of the works. However, many critics said that this was all slander. And only true connoisseurs saw how the characters are both comical and tragic at the same time. Such books always touch the soul.

Here you can find the best works of classical literature. You can download books of Russian classics for free or read them online, which is very convenient.

We present to your attention the 100 best books of Russian classics. The full list of books includes the best and most memorable works of Russian writers. This literature is known to everyone and is recognized by critics from all over the world.

Of course, our list of top 100 books is just a small part that brings together the best works of the great classics. It can be continued for a very long time.

A hundred books that everyone should read in order to understand not only how they used to live, what were the values, traditions, priorities in life, what they were striving for, but to find out in general how our world works, how bright and pure the soul can be and how valuable it is for a person, for the development of his personality.

The top 100 list includes the best and most famous works of Russian classics. The plot of many of them is known from school. However, some books are difficult to understand at a young age and require wisdom that is acquired over the years.

Of course, the list is far from complete; it can be continued endlessly. Reading such literature is a pleasure. She doesn’t just teach something, she radically changes lives, helps us understand simple things that we sometimes don’t even notice.

We hope you liked our list of classic books of Russian literature. You may have already read some of it, and some not. A great reason to make your own personal list of books, your top ones that you would like to read.

The ideas of great Russian literature and its humanistic pathos are close and understandable to the broad masses of readers in all corners of the globe.

Realizing the importance of poetic form, Russian writers of the 19th century. strived to enhance the artistic expressiveness of the techniques used, but this did not become the end in itself of their creativity. Intensive improvement of artistic forms was carried out by writers on the basis of deep insight into the essence of the socio-economic and spiritual processes of life. This is the source of the creative insights of the leading writers of Russian literature. Hence its deep historicism, due primarily to the truthful depiction of social contradictions, a broad identification of the role of the masses in the historical process, and the ability of writers to show the interconnection of social phenomena. Thanks to this, historical genres themselves take shape in literature - the novel, drama, story - in which the historical past receives as truthful a reflection as the present. All this became possible on the basis of the widespread development of realistic trends dominant in Russian literature of the 19th century.

Realistic creativity of Russian writers of the 19th century. received high praise from the largest representatives of Western European culture and art. P. Merimee admired the laconicism of Pushkin's prose; G. Maupassant called himself a student of I. S. Turgenev; L. N. Tolstoy's novels made a strong impression on G. Flaubert and influenced the work of B. Shaw, S. Zweig, A. France, D. Galsworthy, T. Dreiser and other writers of Western Europe. F. M. Dostoevsky was called the greatest anatomist” (S. Zweig) of the human soul, wounded by suffering; the structure of polyphonic narration, characteristic of Dostoevsky’s novels, was used in many Western European prose and dramatic works of the 20th century. The dramaturgy of A.P. Chekhov with its gentle humor, subtle lyricism, and psychological overtones has become widespread abroad (especially in the Scandinavian countries and Japan).

Understanding the laws of life processes, advanced Russian writers of the 19th century. placed great demands on themselves. They are characterized by intense, sometimes painful thoughts about the meaning of human activity, about the relationship of surrounding phenomena with the spiritual impulses of the individual, about the secrets of the universe, about the purpose of the artist. Works of writers of the 19th century. is distinguished by its extreme saturation with socio-philosophical and moral problems. Writers sought to answer questions about how to live, what to do to bring the future closer, which was thought of as a kingdom of goodness and justice. At the same time, all major writers of Russian literature, despite individual differences in political and aesthetic views, were united by a decisive denial, sometimes sharp criticism of property, landownership and capitalist slavery.

Thus, the works of Russian literature of the 19th century, which captured “great impulses of the spirit” (M. Gorky), even today help to form an ideologically steadfast person who loves his Motherland, distinguished by nobility of moral motives, the absence of nationalistic prejudices, and a thirst for truth and goodness.

Gogol, Dostoevsky, Pushkin - the works of all these writers and poets are studied in schools, they are considered great. However, during their lifetime, not all of them could boast of worldwide fame and high income. We found out what kind of fees writers of the nineteenth century received and what kind of life they could afford with this money.

Nikolai Gogol

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol often wrote letters from St. Petersburg to his mother. In December 1829, he sent her a report on his expenses in St. Petersburg. The writer spent more than one hundred rubles a month, receiving only four hundred rubles a year as an official. From the report it is clear that without the help of his mother, Gogol would not have survived in the big city.

“Living here is not entirely like a pig, that is, having cabbage soup and porridge once a day is incomparably more expensive than we thought.” We pay eighty rubles a month for the apartment, just for walls, firewood and water. It consists of two small rooms and the right to use the master's kitchen. Food supplies are also not cheap, he wrote to his mother.

Alexander Pushkin

Alexander Sergeevich received his first fee of 1,500 rubles for the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila.” With each subsequent work, the poet's earnings increased. For “Eugene Onegin” he received 5,400 rubles, and for a collection of poems eight thousand rubles.

The poet did not deny himself anything; at first he rented a nine-room apartment near the English Embankment in St. Petersburg for 2,500 rubles a year, then moved to twelve rooms for 3,300 rubles a year. In recent years, Pushkin’s family lived in the mezzanine of a house on the Moika for 4,300 rubles a year. He spent 3,500 rubles a year on food and the maintenance of servants and 3,600 rubles a year for four horses. Over all 17 years of literary activity, he earned almost 23 million rubles in modern money. If Pushkin lived now, he would receive 112 thousand rubles a month.

Mikhail Lermontov

When the Lermontov noble family fell into decline, the writer was saved by his fees. They were relatively small, but sufficient for the life of a nobleman. For example, for “Hero of Our Time” Lermontov received 1,500 rubles.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

During his lifetime, Fyodor Mikhailovich was not recognized as a writer of world significance. His fees were small compared to many other writers. For example, for “The Idiot” he received 7,000 rubles. It’s a lot of money, but it wouldn’t be enough to buy your own house.

Ivan Turgenev

Ivan Sergeevich lived either in Russia or abroad: he was a frequent guest in Paris, Germany, Austria and Italy. However, the writer always returned to his homeland: to the hereditary estate Spasskoye-Lutovinovo, 10 km from Mtsensk, Oryol province.

On average, Ivan Sergeevich earned about 4,000 rubles per work. The cult novel “Fathers and Sons” brought Turgenev 4,775 rubles. According to researchers, this amount would be enough for 30 carts, a box of Bohemian glass, one hundred double blankets and an entire wardrobe of clothes.

Leo Tolstoy

One of the richest writers of that time was Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. For example, for “Anna Karenina” he received a huge fee - 20 thousand rubles. With this money it was possible to buy a house in Moscow, an oak grove in Ryazan and all the necessary furniture.

For one of the subsequent novels, “Resurrection,” the writer received 21,915 rubles, which would allow him to buy another large house and live in it without denying himself anything.

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Books

• Russian poets of the 19th century. Reader, . The proposed anthology aims to give students of historical and philological faculties and literature teachers the most complete understanding of the development of Russian poetry of the 19th century according to...
• Russian poets of the 19th century. The proposed anthology aims to give students of historical and philological faculties and literature teachers the most complete understanding of the development of Russian poetry of the 19th century according to...