Chinese painting presentation on the Moscow Art Gallery. Presentation on the topic of Chinese painting
The Birth of Chinese Painting
- tradition attributes the creation of Chinese painting to four founding fathers:
- Gu Kaizhi (344 - 406)
- Lu Tanwei (mid 5th century)
- Zhang Sengyao (ca. 500 - ca. 550)
- Wu Daozi (680 - 740)
- However, as a result of archaeological research, today's scientists push back the birth of Chinese painting 1000 years earlier, to the era of the warring states of Zhang Guo
Main genres of Chinese painting
- A genre of plant painting, in particular bamboo painting. The founder of bamboo painting was Wen Tong.
- Painting of Flowers and Birds.
- Mountain Scenery (山水， shan shui, i.e. "mountains and waters").
- Animalistic genre (翎毛. ling mao. those. "feathered and furry").
- Portrait genre
Gu Kaizhi: six laws - "loofah"
- Shen - spirituality,
- Tianqu - naturalness,
- Goutu - composition of a painting,
- Gusyan is the constant basis, that is, the structure of the work,
- Mose - following tradition, ancient monuments,
- Yunbi - high technique of writing with ink and brush
Emperor-artist
- Zhu Zhanji(1398-1435) - Emperor of China of the Ming Dynasty. He succeeded his father Zhu Gaochi to the throne. His motto was "Proclamation of Virtue"
A pagoda is a type of monumental Buddhist place of worship that originated in India
- Buddhism penetrated into China during the reign of the Han Emperor Mindi (58 - 75), in 68 the first Buddhist temple was built - Baimasy (in Luoyang), and in the era of the Three Kingdoms (220 - 265) - the first pagoda
Pagoda shapes
- Pagodas in China come in a wide variety of shapes - square, hexagonal, octagonal, usually with an even number of corners and multi-tiered. Their building materials are wood, brick, stone, glazed tiles, and iron. By their design, they look like towers or pavilions with numerous cornices
Bamboo books
- From the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. e. The Chinese began to use bamboo slats for writing. Each such tablet contained approximately forty hieroglyphs (words). The planks were strung on a rope and connected into bundles
- In the 3rd century. BC e. The Chinese began to use silk for writing
- They painted on silk with natural paints using a special brush, the invention of which is credited Myn Tianyu
Invention of paper
- The great invention was paper making, whose production began in 105 AD. It was cooked from tree bark, rags, and hemp. The author of this largest discovery in the history of mankind was an official Tsai Lun. Around the same time, mascara was created
Hieroglyphs
- IN Chinese number in dictionaries hieroglyphs sometimes reaches 70 thousand
Symbol of happiness
- The symbol of happiness in ancient China was the bat.
- Five bats meant many lucky blessings, most notably longevity, wealth, health, good behavior and natural death
Great Chinese wall
- Construction of the first wall began in the 3rd century BC. e. during the reign of the emperor Qin Shi Huangdi to protect the state from attacks by the nomadic Xiongnu people. A fifth of the then population of the country, that is, about a million people, took part in the construction
- The length of the wall with all branches is 8 thousand 851 kilometers and 800 meters
- The length of the wall itself from edge to edge is two thousand five hundred kilometers
- The width of the Great Wall is 5-8 meters and the height is 6.6 meters (in some areas the height reaches 10 meters)
Poetry of Tao Yuan Ming
“In the world, human life has no deep roots.
It will flutter away like light dust over the road...
I want one thing - not to know old age,
So that my relatives gather under one roof,
Each of my sons and grandsons are all in a hurry to help each other...”
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CHINA
CHINA
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The history of China is considered one of the oldest in the world, spanning five thousand years of historical and cultural development. During this time, the Chinese fought a lot and seized lands; the country was also constantly raided by nomadic tribes or troops of neighboring powers. However, despite all this, Chinese traditions continued to form and develop. It was in China that writing arose in ancient times, the Chinese were the first to use paper for writing, Chinese craftsmen made good weapons, and the art of combat became an example for warriors in other countries.
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The dragon is a cultural symbol of the Chinese people
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The ancient Chinese called their country the “Celestial Empire” or the “Middle Kingdom”, because they believed that it lay in the middle of four seas: East, South, Sand and Rocky.
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PERIODS
SHAN STATE (Neolithic) 1500 BC EMPIRE QIN DYNASTY 221-207 BC HAN DYNASTY 207 BC – 2 AD TANG DYNASTY 618 – 907 SONG DYNASTY 960 – 1279 YUAN DYNASTY (Mongolian) 1279 – 1368 MING DYNASTY (Chinese) 1368 – 1644 QING DYNASTY (Manchu) 1644 – 1912
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CULTURE OF CHINA
BASIS – HARMONY OF TWO POLAR PRINCIPLES YANG AND YIN
HUANGHE RIVER
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SPACE GIANT PAN-GU
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ARCHITECTURE. KEY FEATURES
the most typical house design is a frame-and-post construction material - wood - the effect of a holistic composition, i.e. an ensemble of many houses. Ancient Chinese architecture is characterized by the use of colors (roofs - yellow, cornices - blue-green, walls, pillars and courtyards - red) .
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The only building that always stood separately on the outskirts of the village was a watchtower-pagoda: protection from external enemies, protection from evil spirits, temples were built in the form of pagodas
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Pagodas must have an odd number of tiers (3, 5, 9, 11). Pagodas have a variety of shapes: (square, six-, eight-, dodecagonal, round).
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Dayanta, or Great Wild Goose Pagoda (Xi'an, 7th-8th century). Its dimensions: 25m. at the base and 60m in height; consists of 7 tiers
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Ancient China is also famous for its unique monuments of architecture and art. Quirky structures, interesting rooftops, rich palaces of emperors and exquisitely decorated temples.
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Ancient rope bridges
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Beijing's temples were located in large complexes.
The temple ensemble Tiantan (“Temple of Heaven”) was associated with the ancient religious rites of the Chinese, who revered heaven and earth as givers of the harvest.
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TEMPLE OF HEAVEN IN BEIJING (XV-XVI centuries)
THE EMBODIMENT OF HARMONY BETWEEN SKY AND EARTH
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THE TEMPLE WAS DESIGNED AS A PLACE OF SACRIFICES TO HEAVEN
NORTH
SOUTH
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THE WAY OF THE UNIVERSE - TAO
DAO – THE ORIGINAL BEGINNING OF ALL THINGS, THE UNIVERSAL WOMB WHERE THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING THAT COMPOSES IT COME FROM
THE ETERNAL AND INFINITE TAO GIVES AN IMPULSE TO YANG AND THE HARMONY OF HEAVEN AND EARTH
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GATES
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ABSTINENCE HALL
palace for three days of fasting in spring, summer and winter before religious ceremonies
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"ALTAR OF HEAVEN"
SACRIFICES ANNUALLY (winter solstice day) SACRED NUMBERS 3 and 9
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"Temple of the Rich Harvest"
BASE - marble terrace, consisting of three tiers. Eight wide staircases lead to the Temple. Prayers for rain and a good harvest took place in the Temple. There is no altar or statues in it
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The round terraces of the altar and the blue roofs of the temples symbolized the sky, while the square area of the ensemble symbolized the earth.
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SEASONS
12 MONTHS
12 DOUBLE HOURS
28 IMPORTANT STARS
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GARDENS AROUND THE TEMPLE
THE EMBODIMENT OF THE POWERS OF THE SKY – YANG – BULK SLIDE, GAZERBOARDS, INCENSE BURNERS, TREES THE POWERS OF THE EARTH – YIN – WATER
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STONE STONES
SYMBOLIZE THE CONSTELLATION URSA MAJOR AND THE POLAR STAR
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Every Chinese city was surrounded by a wall (“wall” and “city” were denoted by the same word “cheng”).
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FORTIFICATIONS
Great Wall of China
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
The largest architectural monument. It runs through northern China for 8851.8 km (including branches), and on the Badaling section it passes in close proximity to Beijing.
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INTERESTING FACTS
When laying the stone blocks of the wall, sticky rice porridge mixed with slaked lime was used. The popular athletics marathon “The Great Wall” is held annually, in which athletes run part of the distance along the crest of the Wall. Contrary to popular belief, the Great Wall of China cannot be seen with the naked eye from an orbital station, although it can be seen in satellite images.
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The Great Wall of China (over 3,000 km long). The wall is 5 to 8 meters wide and 5 to 10 meters high. The wall was first assembled from compacted wood and reeds, then it was lined with brick.
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Along the surface of the wall there are battlements and a road along which soldiers could move. Turrets are placed along the entire perimeter, every 100 - 150 meters, to provide light warning of the approach of the enemy.
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ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
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Planning of urban ensembles.
Beijing was designed as a powerful fortress. Massive brick walls with tower gates surrounded the capital on all sides. Beijing has the correct layout of streets. In the form of a grid.
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The “Forbidden City” (now turned into a museum), surrounded by walls and surrounded by a moat, was a kind of city within a city, in the depths of which were hidden the chambers of the imperial wives, entertainment facilities, a theater stage and much more.
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GARDEN AND PARK ART
The purpose of the Chinese garden was to evoke a philosophical mood in the viewer; the gardens symbolized heaven on Earth.
The parks abound with small lakes, with characteristic high bridges, pavilions with tiled roofs, kiosks, and arches.
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The entire territory is divided into three parts - middle, eastern and western. The center of the garden is usually a pond or an artificial hill.
Around it there are pavilions connected by open galleries, stone compositions in the form of slides, walls or individual original sculptures, bridges, gazebos, and water channels.
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Beihai Park is an ancient park in Beijing, located in the northwest of the Forbidden City. The park area is more than 700,000 sq.m., most of which is water. The central place of the park is Qionghuadao Island, on which the White Pagoda rises.
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GARDEN AND PARK ARCHITECTURE
Beihai Park
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
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BRIDGES
Baodayqiao "Bridge of the Precious Belt") is an ancient arched bridge spanning the Great Canal of China near the city of Suzhou in Jiangsu Province.
A distinctive feature of the bridge is the three raised central spans through which boats with cargo sailed. The bridge is 317 meters long and 4.1 meters wide and consists of 53 arched spans.
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
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Jade Belt Bridge, or Camel's Hump Bridge, in Beijing
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
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PALACE ARCHITECTURE
Beijing, Forbidden City
www.portalostranah.ru
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
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Beijing, wall of the Forbidden City
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
PALACE ARCHITECTURE
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MEMORIAL STRUCTURES
Pailou or Paifang are carved ornamented triumphal gates made of stone or wood, erected in China in honor of rulers, heroes, and outstanding events. Covered with one or more roofs depending on the number of spans.
Pailou in Pingyao
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
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Gate in the southern Chinese village of Sidi
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
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TOMBS
Gate leading to the burial complex.
Tombs of the Emperors of the Ming Dynasty - a complex of mausoleums of thirteen emperors of the Chinese Ming Dynasty (XV-XVII centuries)
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Chinese art developed in a wide variety of directions. Only in this country could one find craftsmen who perfectly produced the finest silk, or potters famous for the production of decorative porcelain. Chinese painters could paint not only the walls of temples and palaces, but also small ceramic and fabric items.
Chinese woman cut out a paper picture for five years
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One of the highest achievements of ancient Chinese art is painting, especially scroll painting. Chinese scroll painting is a completely new type of art, created specifically for contemplation, freed from subordinately decorative functions. The main genres of painting on the scroll were historical and everyday portraits, portraits associated with funeral cults, landscapes, and the “birds and flowers” genre.
PAINTING
www.kulichki.com
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PAINTING
In a Chinese painting, every object is deeply symbolic, every tree, flower, animal or bird is a sign of a poetic image: a pine tree is a symbol of longevity, bamboo is a symbol of perseverance and happiness, a stork is a symbol of loneliness and holiness, etc. The shape of Chinese landscapes - an elongated scroll - helped to feel the immensity of space, to show not just some part of nature, but the integrity of the entire universe.
Ma Lin. Listening to the wind in the pine trees
www.bibliotekar.ru
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The traditional genre of Chinese painting is “guohua”. The paintings are painted in black or gray ink using a brush on paper or silk. In some cases, the master, with the help of just a few strokes of black ink of varying thickness, creates the general outlines of the landscape and human figures, without writing out the details. This direction is called “this”. Another direction, called “gunbi,” requires careful reproduction of the smallest details: the hairstyles of the people depicted, the plumage of birds, etc.
Ni Zan, "Trees and Valleys of the Mountain"
Zhao Mengfu. Autumn colors in the mountains
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
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Portraits of Emperors
Emperor Taizu (Ming Dynasty)
Li Hong-chiao
Emperor Kublai Khan
PAINTING
www.kulichki.com
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PAINTING
name unknown
Liang Shu-nian
Qin Ling-yun
name unknown
www.kulichki.com
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Butterfly and pink color
Lee Rong-wei
Bird among the lotus
PAINTING
www.kulichki.com
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ART OF NATURE
In China, the cult of nature has existed from time immemorial to the present day. The painting by the Chinese artist is not just a landscape, but a kind of model of the universe, where Heaven and Earth are connected by mountains. Landscape painting appeared in China a thousand years earlier than in Europe.
Ma Yuan. Humming on the way
www.bibliotekar.ru
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Ancient Chinese painting was very different from European painting. In Europe, the possibilities of color and shadows were widely used, and in China, painters created amazing paintings using the play of lines. The main thing that distinguishes Chinese painting from European painting is the desire to convey the “spirit of the picture,” or, as the Chinese say, “to express the mood using form.”
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Theatrical skill is considered a separate type of ancient Chinese art. The Chinese skillfully combined music and body movements, martial arts and religion in their theatrical performances.
Shadow theater as part of Chinese drama
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ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
CALLIGRAPHY
Writing in traditional Chinese culture is considered a special area of ethics and aesthetics.
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CALLIGRAPHY
Chinese calligraphy is considered the “ancestor” of Japanese calligraphy; the first mentions of it date back to the mid-2nd - mid-1st millennium BC. Calligraphy has been elevated to the rank of a national art in China.
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
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CHINESE PORCELAIN.
Dish with dragon
Ge type bowl
www.bibliotekar.ru/china1
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Chinese vases
www.bibliotekar.ru/china1
CHINESE PORCELAIN.
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Temple vase
Vase with peonies
Vase in the shape of a melon
www.bibliotekar.ru/china1
CHINESE PORCELAIN
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http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
Glazed vessel. Three Dynasties Period
Chinese tricolor glazed horse. Tang Dynasty.
SCULPTURE
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Buddha Vairocana in the Longmen Cave Temples
archi.1001chudo.ru/china
The large statue of Vairochana Buddha in the Longmen Cave Temples stands out not only for its size. It is also valued as one of the highest examples of art from the Tang Dynasty. Buddha Vairocana sits in the open Fengxian Grotto. Perhaps the dimensions are intended to emphasize the greatness of Vairocana: the height of the statue is 17.4 meters, only the head of the Buddha is 4 meters, and the elongated ears are 1.9 meters.
But the main thing about a statue is not its height. The Buddha is considered both the largest and most beautiful statue of the local cave temples, the pearl of Longmen.
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Terracotta sculpture from the burial ground of Emperor Qin Shihuang
www.legendtour.ru/rus/china
Museum of Terracotta Figures.
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The Terracotta Army was accidentally discovered in 1976 by peasants working the land. The place where underground crypts with terrorist figures of warriors were discovered, who, according to the plans of the then Chinese rulers, were supposed to serve Emperor Qinyihuang (259 - 210 BC) in the afterlife, is located 4 km away. east of Xi'an and at a distance of 1.5 km. from the burial mound of Qinshihuang. Arriving archaeologists discovered that life-size equestrian statues were “guarding” the tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who died in 210 BC and was famous for uniting the Chinese states into a single Celestial Empire and ordering the construction of the Great Wall of China. He also went down in history as one of the most cruel rulers of the world. The entire complex consists of 4 zones: two huge fields for life-size clay figures of warriors, a command post and one empty mine. 7,000 sculptures of warriors and horses arranged in battle formations are on display. The burial is called the “eighth wonder of the world” and it really makes a grandiose impression. The complex also contains two chariots, made of many metal parts and also considered a unique find, confirming the level of development of ancient China. In total, three underground crypts with a total area of more than 20 thousand square meters were opened. meters. Crypt No. 1 has a length from east to west of 230 meters, from north to south 62 meters, an area of 14,260 square meters. meters. The crypt contains 6 thousand terracotta figures of warriors and war horses, painted in different colors, the sizes of which are close to the natural sizes of human figures and horses. The formation of the army is clearly visible: three lines of the vanguard, followed by 38 columns. To the east of crypt no. 1 is crypt no. 2, which has a curved shape. The set of figures here is even more diverse than in crypt No. 1. Crypt No. 3 has an area of more than 500 square meters and is intended as the location of the headquarters of the underground army. In fact, the terracotta figures of warriors and their formation in miniature copy the original army of the Qinshi Huang period, which makes these finds very important for the study of the military history of China. No wonder they were nicknamed “the eighth wonder of the world.”
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Chinese Painting Chinese painting is also called traditional Chinese painting. Traditional Chinese painting dates back to the Neolithic period, about eight thousand years ago. Colored pottery with painted animals, fish, deer, and frogs found in excavations shows that the Chinese had already begun to use brushes for painting during the Neolithic period. China's painting is an important part of traditional Chinese culture and a priceless treasure of the Chinese nation, it has a long history and glorious tradition in the field of world arts.
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Features of Chinese Painting Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy are closely related because both art forms use lines. The Chinese developed simple lines into highly developed art forms. Lines are used not only to draw contours, but also to express the artist’s concept and feelings. Different lines are used for different objects and purposes. They can be straight or curved, hard or soft, thick or thin, pale or dark, and the paint can be dry or flowing. The use of lines and strokes is one of the elements that gives Chinese painting its unique qualities.
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Traditional Chinese Painting Traditional Chinese painting is a combination of several arts - poetry, calligraphy, painting, engraving and printing - in one painting. In ancient times, most artists were poets and masters of calligraphy. For the Chinese, “Painting in poetry and poetry in painting” was one of the criteria for beautiful works of art. Inscriptions and seal impressions helped explain the artist's ideas and moods, and also added decorative beauty to Chinese painting.
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In the paintings of Ancient China, artists often depicted pine trees, bamboo and plum trees. When inscriptions were made on such drawings - “exemplary behavior and nobility of character,” then the qualities of people were attributed to these plants and they were called upon to embody them. All Chinese arts - poetry, calligraphy, painting, engraving and printing - complement and enrich each other.
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Styles of Chinese Painting Based on the means of artistic expression, traditional Chinese painting can be divided into complex painting style, liberal painting style, and complex liberal painting style. Complex style - the painting is drawn and painted in a neat and orderly manner, the complex painting style uses an extremely refined brushwork to paint objects.
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The liberal style of painting uses loose brushwork and brief strokes to describe the appearance and spirit of objects, and to express the artist's feelings. When painting in the liberal style of painting, the artist must place the brush exactly on the paper, and each stroke must be skillful in order to be able to express the spirit of the painting. The complex liberal painting style is a combination of the two previous styles.
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Masters of Chinese Painting Qi Baishi (1863–1957) is one of the most famous Chinese artists of our time. He was a versatile artist, he wrote poetry, was a stone carver, was a calligrapher, and also dabbled in painting. Through many years of practice, Qi found his own special, personal style. He was able to depict the same theme in any style. His works are distinguished by the fact that in one picture he could combine several styles and methods of painting.
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Thanks to Qi Baishi, Chinese and world painting took another step forward: he was able to create his own individual artistic language, unusually bright and expressive. He left a profound mark in the history of Guohua.
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ABOUT QI BAISHI THEY SAY: “HE SAW GREAT THINGS IN SMALL THINGS, FROM NOTHING HE GAVE MUCH THINGS OUT OF NOTHING.” His works are filled with light that penetrates flower petals and insect wings: it seems that it illuminates us too, giving rise to a feeling of joy and peace in the soul.
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Chinese painting. What is needed? Chinese painting differs from Western painting in the necessary materials for painting. Chinese painters use a brush, an ink stick, rice paper and an ink stone to paint a picture - all this is necessary in Chinese painting. Rice paper (Xuan paper) is an essential material for Chinese painting because it has a beautiful texture that allows the brush and ink to move freely over it, causing the strokes to fluctuate from shadow to light.
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Combination of Poetry, Calligraphy and Printing in Chinese Painting Chinese painting shows the perfect union of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing. Typically, many Chinese artists are also poets and calligraphers. They often add a poem to their painting and stamps of various seals after it is completed. The combination of these four arts in Chinese painting makes the paintings more perfect and beautiful, and a true connoisseur will receive aesthetic pleasure from contemplating Chinese painting.
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Genres of Chinese Painting The following genres are distinguished in Chinese painting: landscape (“mountain-water”), portrait genre (there are several categories), images of birds, insects and plants (“flower-birds”) and animalistic genre. It should also be added that in traditional Chinese painting such symbols as the phoenix bird and the dragon are very popular.
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Chinese Painting - Guohua Painting Guohua is a traditional painting of China. Guohua painting uses ink and water paints; the painting is done on paper or silk. Guohua is close in spirit to calligraphy. To apply paints, brushes made from bamboo and the hair of domestic or wild animals (rabbit, goat, squirrel, deer, etc.) are used.
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Chinese painting
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There are discrepancies regarding the origin of this art. Tradition itself attributes the creation of Chinese painting to four founding fathers: Gu Kaizhi (Chinese: 顧愷之) (344 - 406), Lu Tanwei (Chinese: 陆探微, mid-5th century), Zhang Sengyao (ca. 500 - ca. 550). ) and Wu Daozi (Chinese: 吴道子, 680 - 740), who lived from the 5th to the 8th centuries AD.
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The second famous representative of the “painting of intellectuals,” the famous landscape painter Guo Xi, in his treatise “On Painting,” considers the painting to be a kind of psychological portrait of the author, emphasizing the high meaning of the artist’s personality and nobility. The artist especially emphasizes the need for perfection of the master’s personality. He considers poetry to be another important aspect of a work of painting, citing a phrase belonging to an unknown author: “Poetry is painting without form; painting is poetry taken form.”
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Since the time of the artist Wang Wei (8th century), many “intellectual artists” have given preference to monochrome ink painting over flowers, believing that: “Among the ways of a painter, simple ink is superior to all. He will reveal the essence of nature, he will complete the work of the creator.” It was during this period that the main genres of Chinese painting emerged: The genre of plant painting, in particular bamboo painting. The founder of bamboo painting was Wen Tong.
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Since the birth of Chinese painting on silk and paper in the 5th century AD. e. Many authors have attempted to theorize painting. The first among all, perhaps, was Gu Kaizhi, at whose suggestion six laws were formulated - “loofa”: Shenqi - spirituality, Tianqu - naturalness, Goutu - the composition of a painting, Guxiang - a constant basis, that is, the structure of the work, Mose - following tradition , ancient monuments, Yunbi - high technique of writing with ink and brush.
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Chinese painting after the Song era
The reigns of the Tang and Song dynasties are considered the time of greatest flowering of Chinese culture. The same can be said about Chinese painting. Throughout the subsequent Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, artists were guided by samples from the Song period. Unlike the Tang and Song artists, painters of subsequent eras did not strive to create new styles, but, on the contrary, imitated in every possible way the styles of bygone eras. And they often did it at a very good level, like the artists of the Mongol Yuan dynasty that followed the Song era.
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Chinese painting of the 18th – 20th centuries. The era of change.
The 16th - 17th centuries turned out to be an era of great changes for China, and not only because of the Manchu conquest. With the beginning of the colonial era, China began to become increasingly exposed to the cultural influence of Europeans. A reflection of this fact was the transformation of Chinese painting. One of the most interesting Chinese artists of the Qing era is Giuseppe Castiglione (1688 - 1766), an Italian Jesuit monk, missionary and court artist and architect in China. It was this man who became the first artist to combine Chinese and European traditions in his drawing.
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The 19th and 20th centuries became a great test of strength for China. China has entered an era of change on a scale never before seen. During the 19th century, China lost 2 opium wars to European colonialists and suffered significant devastation from the Europeans. In 1894 - 1895, China lost the war to Japan and was divided into zones of influence between the European colonial empires (including Russia), the USA and Japan.
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However, the most striking personality in Chinese painting of the 20th century was undoubtedly Qi Baishi (1864 - 1957), who combined two previously incompatible biographical features for a Chinese artist; he was an adherent of “painting of intellectuals” and at the same time came from a poor peasant family. Qi Baishi also received wide recognition in the West, and in 1955 he was awarded the International Peace Prize.
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Chinese oil painting
Today, many Chinese artists prefer European oils and canvas, instead of traditional ink, watercolors and thin bamboo and rice paper. The beginning of Chinese oil painting was laid by the Italian Jesuit monk D. Castiglione.
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Symbolism in Chinese painting
Chinese painting is also characterized by an extremely elegant language of images. Often when depicting something, a Chinese artist puts a certain subtext into the drawing. Some images are particularly common, for example, four noble plants: orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, meihua plum. In addition, each of these plants correlates with a certain character quality. The orchid is delicate and sophisticated, associated with the tenderness of early spring. Bamboo is a symbol of unyielding character, a true man of high moral qualities (Xun Tzu). Chrysanthemum is beautiful, chaste and modest, the embodiment of the triumph of autumn. The blooming wild plum meihua is associated with purity of thoughts and resistance to the adversities of fate. In plant subjects, other symbolism is also found: for example, by drawing a lotus flower, the artist talks about a person who has retained purity of thoughts and wisdom, living in a stream of everyday problems.
“Painting of China” - Chinese artists conveyed not so much the outlines of mountains. There are many symbols, often incomprehensible to Europeans. Li Qingzhao. Landscape painting. Famous poet and painter of the 8th century. Wang Wei. Nature. The portrait of Li Bo is a generalized image-symbol. Chinese painting. Ma Yuan. Medieval Chinese painting reached a brilliant peak.
“The Artistic Culture of Ancient China” - The Celestial Empire. Masters. Confucius. Artistic culture of ancient China. Which, according to Confucius, is a means of education. The longest cemetery. It was believed that everything that a person had during life, he should have after death. Ancient Chinese traditional orchestra. Chinese word. Path.
"Bolshoi Theater of China" - Bolshoi Theater of China (Pearl on the Water). Opinions. The smallest of the three, the theater hall is completely lined inside with silk: stripes of red, purple and orange. Theater dome. The huge dome is lined with Brazilian mahogany panels on the inside, and the floor is lined with slabs of white, yellow and gray marble, mined in 22 Chinese provinces.
"Architecture of Ancient China" - Yangtze. Ancient China. Every Chinese city. Pagodas. River feeding. Forbidden City. Cogs and road. Territory. A building that has always stood alone. Yellow River. The Great Wall of China. Round terraces of the altar. Architecture. Landscape art. Temples of Beijing. Ancient Chinese. Yellow River. Dayanta.
"Chinese Theater" - Iyansky Theater. The formation of theatrical art in China. Peking Opera. Traditional Chinese theater. Booths. Tang performances. Yuju. Shadow theater. The rise of zaju drama. Kunshan Theater. Chuanju. Theater of China. Puppet theater.
“Myths of China” - in Chinese mythology, the first ancestor, the product of the life-giving forces of the universe, yin and yang. Nuiva. 2. God of war and wealth? Guandi. Questions: Pangu. Huangdi. 3. How many Basyans achieved immortality? god of war, god of wealth, and also the patron of officials. Yu became the first emperor of the mythical Xia dynasty. Chan E.
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