Essay on the topic: “Take care of your honor from a young age. “Take care of your honor from a young age” - about the meaning of morality in the modern world Why a new dress is good

(based on the story by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”)

The story “The Captain's Daughter” is one of the historical works of A. S. Pushkin. The writer recreated the history of the Pugachev rebellion in the form of notes from a participant in the events, an officer in Catherine’s army, Pyotr Grinev. Historical events influence and determine the fate of all the characters in the story. An important problem in the story is the problem of honor and duty. It is no coincidence that the epigraph to the work is the popular proverb: “Take care of your dress again, and take care of your honor from a young age.” It is also the main principle of the life of Grinev Sr.

For Andrei Petrovich Grinev, who is a representative of the old service nobility, the concept of honor is, first of all, the honor of an officer and a nobleman. “Serve faithfully to whom you pledge allegiance. “Listen to your superiors...” is how the father instructs his son. Matching Grinev the father is the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, Mironov, who refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev: “You are not my sovereign. You are a thief and an impostor." He understands that he will be hanged, but even under pain of death he does not break his oath. Ivan Kuzmich fulfilled his duty, defending the fortress until the last minute and not fearing death: “To die like that is a serviceable deed.” For Grinev the father, death is also not terrible, but the loss of honor is terrible: “It is not execution that is terrible... But for a nobleman to betray his oath...”. He sees the duty of an officer in serving the Fatherland, and not in duels and burning money in the capital, which is why he sends his son Peter to serve in the Belogorsk fortress.

Pyotr Grinev is a representative of a different generation, therefore his concept of honor is somewhat different. He expands this concept to a universal and civil meaning. Peter enters the battle for the honor of Masha Mironova; fights duels, knowing that they are prohibited. He puts human honor above that of an officer. Grinev recognizes the heroic qualities of the leader of the uprising, but this does not mean that he can break the oath: “I am a natural nobleman, I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you.” He will go against Pugachev: an officer’s duty commands him to fight against an impostor, a thief and a murderer. The sense of duty stands above personal interests, above his feelings: “... the duty of honor required my presence in the army of the empress.”

Shvabrin is a completely different person. Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin is a former guards officer, transferred to serve in the Belogorsk fortress for a duel. He betrays his oath and goes into the service of Pugachev, although he deeply despises both the people and the leader himself. For him, the concepts of “honor”, ​​“duty”, “oath” do not exist; It is important for him to save lives in any way. Shvabrin betrays the officer's duty. And he most likely courted Masha Mironova because of the boredom of garrison life. Rejected, he is filled with a thirst for revenge and tries in every way to denigrate Masha.

Grinev, communicating with Pugachev, understands that in front of him is not just a rebel, but a man with his own principles, with a sense of duty and honor. “Debt is worth paying,” says Pugachev. Having appreciated Grinev's kindness and courage, the impostor cannot hang him. “Execute like that, execute like that, favor like that.” He does not see Grinev as an enemy. Subsequently, Pugachev will help Peter and punish Shvabrin.

For us, as for A.S. Pushkin, the uprising led by Pugachev is history. But the eternal choice remains: honor or dishonor, duty or irresponsibility.

In literature lessons, we became acquainted with A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter,” where most attention is paid to the issue of honor. Using the example of two heroes of the work: Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin, the author showed us how people can behave differently in the same situations.

From childhood, Peter Grinev was taught that he should always and in any situation be an honest and noble person. Grinev was a well-mannered man and lived among moral people with strong moral principles. Sending him to serve, his father gave the order: “serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; Don’t chase their affection; don’t ask for service; do not turn away from service; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.” Grinev was only 17 years old at the time, but he remembered his father’s words very well.

When Peter lost one hundred rubles to Zurin, despite Savelich’s protests, he forced him to return the lost money, as it was a matter of honor. So in the work we first noticed the nobility of this man.

In the Belgorod fortress, Grinev had the opportunity to meet Alexei Shvabrin. This man had a good education, but at the same time he was selfish, vindictive and ignoble. Shvabrin spoke with contempt about the inhabitants of the fortress, slandered Masha only because she did not reciprocate his feelings; he constantly spread gossip and never punished himself for it - for him it was an ordinary thing. Grinev, showing his nobility, immediately stood up for the lady and challenged Shvabrin to a duel, although he knew that duels were prohibited. It’s just that Grinev values ​​a person’s honor as much as an officer’s honor.

When the siege of the fortress began, Shvabrin realized that victory would be on Pugachev’s side, and therefore immediately went over to his side. For Grinev, it was better to die than to betray the Motherland and break the oath. Peter saved himself from hanging thanks to his own kindness: in Pugachev he recognized his guide, to whom he had once given a hare sheepskin coat; Emelyan, in turn, also remembered this manifestation of goodness and pardoned Grinev. Pugachev offered to serve him, but Peter refused, explaining that he had already sworn an oath to serve the empress and would not be able to break the oath of allegiance. Grinev honestly admitted to Pugachev that if he was ordered, he would fight against him. But, despite this, Pugachev released Peter.

At the end of the story, Shvabrin is executed for treason, but he manages to inform Grinev that he was on good terms with Pugachev. Masha managed to achieve justice and Peter was released from lifelong exile. Masha tells the empress the whole truth, although Peter, for reasons of honor, decided not to speak at the trial about Masha’s involvement in this case, so that she would not have to relive the horrors that she suffered in the fortress. Grinev comes to Pugachev’s execution, thereby expressing his gratitude for saving Masha and their happiness.

In his story, A.S. Pushkin wanted to show that honor in society is not an empty word, great meaning is invested in it, and that a man of honor is much happier and luckier than a dishonest man.

Along with the article “Essay on the topic “Take care of honor from a young age”” read:

In A. S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter,” the main place is given to the issue of honor. Using the example of two heroes: Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin, Pushkin showed how people can behave differently in the same situations.

From childhood, Peter Grinev was taught that, regardless of the circumstances, he must be honest and noble. Grinev received a good upbringing and lived among moral people with strong moral principles. Sending him to serve, his father gave the order: “serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; Don’t chase their affection; don’t ask for service; do not turn away from service; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.” Grinev was only 17 years old at the time, but he remembered his father’s instructions well.

One day Peter lost one hundred rubles to Zurin, despite protests from Savelich, he forced him to repay the debt, as it was a matter of honor. This is how we first noticed Grinev’s nobility.

In the Belgorod fortress, Grinev met Alexei Shvabrin, who was a nobleman with a good education, but by nature he was a very selfish, vindictive and ignoble person. Shvabrin spoke with contempt about the inhabitants of the fortress and slandered Masha only for the reason that she did not reciprocate his feelings. He spread gossip and was not at all bothered by the consequences. Grinev immediately stood up for the girl and challenged Shvabrin to a duel, although he knew that duels were prohibited. It’s just that for Grinev, a person’s honor was no less important than an officer’s honor.

When the siege of the fortress began, Shvabrin without hesitation went over to Pugachev’s side. Grinev decided that it was better to die than to allow treason to the Motherland and break the oath. Peter was saved from hanging by his own kindness: in Pugachev he recognized his guide, to whom he had once given a hare sheepskin coat; in turn, Emelyan also remembered the good and pardoned Grinev. Pugachev also invited Grinev to serve him, but Peter refused, citing the fact that he had already sworn to serve the Empress and would not break the oath of allegiance. He honestly admitted to Pugachev that if ordered, he would enter into battle against him, but Pugachev still decided to let Peter go, since there was at least some generosity in his soul.

At the end of the story, Shvabrin is executed for treason, but he manages to inform Grinev that he was on good terms with Pugachev. Thanks to Masha, Peter is released from lifelong exile. Masha told the empress the whole truth, although Grinev did not speak at the trial about Masha’s involvement in this case, so that she would not have to relive the horrors that she suffered in the fortress. Grinev comes to Pugachev’s execution in order to express his gratitude for Masha’s salvation and their happiness.

In his story “The Captain's Daughter” A.S. Pushkin wanted to show the importance of honor, what meaning is invested in it and that a man of honor is always happier and luckier than a dishonest man.

Along with the article “Essay on the topic “Take care of honor from a young age”” read:

(based on the story by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”)

The story “The Captain's Daughter” is one of the historical works of A. S. Pushkin. The writer recreated the history of the Pugachev rebellion in the form of notes from a participant in the events, an officer in Catherine’s army, Pyotr Grinev. Historical events influence and determine the fate of all the characters in the story. An important problem in the story is the problem of honor and duty. It is no coincidence that the epigraph to the work is the popular proverb: “Take care of your dress again, and take care of your honor from a young age.” It is also the main principle of the life of Grinev Sr.

For Andrei Petrovich Grinev, who is a representative of the old service nobility, the concept of honor is, first of all, the honor of an officer and a nobleman. “Serve faithfully to whom you pledge allegiance. “Listen to your superiors...” is how the father instructs his son. Matching Grinev the father is the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, Mironov, who refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev: “You are not my sovereign. You are a thief and an impostor." He understands that he will be hanged, but even under pain of death he does not break his oath. Ivan Kuzmich fulfilled his duty, defending the fortress until the last minute and not fearing death: “To die like that is a serviceable deed.” For Grinev the father, death is also not terrible, but the loss of honor is terrible: “It is not execution that is terrible... But for a nobleman to betray his oath...”. He sees the duty of an officer in serving the Fatherland, and not in duels and burning money in the capital, which is why he sends his son Peter to serve in the Belogorsk fortress.

Pyotr Grinev is a representative of a different generation, therefore his concept of honor is somewhat different. He expands this concept to a universal and civil meaning. Peter enters the battle for the honor of Masha Mironova; fights duels, knowing that they are prohibited. He puts human honor above that of an officer. Grinev recognizes the heroic qualities of the leader of the uprising, but this does not mean that he can break the oath: “I am a natural nobleman, I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you.” He will go against Pugachev: an officer’s duty commands him to fight against an impostor, a thief and a murderer. The sense of duty stands above personal interests, above his feelings: “... the duty of honor required my presence in the army of the empress.”

Shvabrin is a completely different person. Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin is a former guards officer, transferred to serve in the Belogorsk fortress for a duel. He betrays his oath and goes into the service of Pugachev, although he deeply despises both the people and the leader himself. For him, the concepts of “honor”, ​​“duty”, “oath” do not exist; It is important for him to save lives in any way. Shvabrin betrays the officer's duty. And he most likely courted Masha Mironova because of the boredom of garrison life. Rejected, he is filled with a thirst for revenge and tries in every way to denigrate Masha.

Grinev, communicating with Pugachev, understands that in front of him is not just a rebel, but a man with his own principles, with a sense of duty and honor. “Debt is worth paying,” says Pugachev. Having appreciated Grinev's kindness and courage, the impostor cannot hang him. “Execute like that, execute like that, favor like that.” He does not see Grinev as an enemy. Subsequently, Pugachev will help Peter and punish Shvabrin.

For us, as for A.S. Pushkin, the uprising led by Pugachev is history. But the eternal choice remains: honor or dishonor, duty or irresponsibility.

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The popular proverb that honor must be preserved from a young age, being an epigraph to Alexander Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter,” makes it clear the meaning of this work as a kind of hymn to honor. Following the code of honor in the world of Pushkin’s heroes is the main virtue, which turns out to be above any military confrontation.

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One of the main problems raised in Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter” can be called the problem of maintaining honor. It is not for nothing that the epigraph to the novel is the folk proverb “Take care of your honor from a young age,” which acts as a kind of key to understanding the essence of the work.

The tragedy of the heroes of “The Captain's Daughter”, and at the same time, the whole meaning of their life lies in their dependence on the duty of honor. The concept of honor among Pushkin’s heroes means a code of conduct, rules of life developed by nature and society itself. They are not chosen, they do not depend on personal will, but following these rules gives a person the right to be called honest. At the same time, honor is not just a class prejudice; a person who has lost honor in the world of Pushkin’s heroes is subject to unequivocal condemnation.

The code of honor can interfere with the heroes, so it is honor that creates obstacles to the marriage of Pyotr Grinev and Maria Mironova, since the honest captain's daughter insists that she will not marry a young nobleman without the blessing of his parents. However, it is honor that allows the heroes, in the tragic time of the novel, which fell during the years of the Pugachev era, to preserve human traits in themselves until the last.

The work describes the period of the civil war led by Emelyan Pugachev, where the Russian army, defending the state and order, confronts the brutal robbers from among the rebellious Cossacks. At the same time, the key feature of “The Captain’s Daughter” is that adherence to the code of honor is inherent not only in unconditionally positive officers and brave military men.

Moreover, the example of Shvabrin, who appears in the novel as the main opposite of the honest Grinev, shows that it is not so much the ferocious robber Pugachev who is terrible as the dishonest officer, who in the end became completely pathetic, but even in prison did not lose his meanness. And vice versa, no matter how monstrously bloody Pugachev’s ferocity was, this terrible man cannot come to terms with the fact that someone dares to offend a defenseless orphan. It is precisely the fact that Pugachev manages to preserve his idea of ​​honor that makes him attractive to Grinev.

Of all the rebels, Grinev remains not indifferent to Pugachev’s fate; he is frightened by the thought of the execution of this wild, but at the same time honest impostor: “Emelya, Emelya! Why didn’t you stumble on a bayonet or turn under buckshot? You couldn’t think of anything better.” However, Grinev cannot go over to the side of the rebels, since his position as a “natural nobleman” forces him to follow the code of honor prescribed for him. Grinev has nothing to repent of, because he still managed, despite all the trials, to preserve his honor from a young age.

Grinev not only preserves his honor, he helps and protects in every possible way the main symbol of honor in the novel - the captain's daughter Maria Mironova. It is in relation to this, perhaps not very remarkable girl, that the main characters’ idea of ​​honor is revealed. For Grinev, Maria is his beloved, for whom he is ready to fight and whom he is ready to save with all his might; for Pugachev, this is an unfortunate orphan whom he will not give offense to anyone; for Shvabrin, this is a stupid girl with whom you can do anything.

The image of Maria is honor revived in the novel: simple, defenseless, but at the same time ready to fight to the last for the honorable name of the decent Grinev. The story of Mary’s rescue of her innocently convicted lover shows that even the mighty of this world cannot resist the power of honor, just as Catherine II could not resist a weak provincial girl. The author emphasizes that noble people will always be rewarded for their adherence to the code of honor.

Even more essays on the topic: “Take care of your honor from a young age”:

One of the main themes in Pushkin's story “The Captain's Daughter” is the theme of honor and duty. This theme is already set by the epigraph to the work - the Russian proverb “Take care of your honor from a young age.” The father gives the same parting words to Petrusha Grinev, seeing off his son to military service.

And the very act of Andrei Petrovich Grinev, who instead of St. Petersburg sends his son to a “deaf and distant side” so that Petrusha becomes a real officer, characterizes him as a man of honor and duty. The Grinevs are an old noble family. Pushkin emphasizes the strictness of Andrei Petrovich’s morals, his wisdom, and self-esteem.

It is characteristic that the concept of “honor and duty” in the story is ambiguous. In the story of Petrusha Grinev’s acquaintance with Zurin, when the young man lost a hundred rubles to his new acquaintance, we are talking about noble honor. Petrusha’s money was kept by Savelich, and the young man had to quarrel with his uncle in order to get the required amount. Amazed by the size of this amount, Savelich tries to dissuade Grinev from paying the debt. “You are my light! listen to me, the old man: write to this robber that you were joking, that we don’t even have that kind of money,” he persuades his pupil. However, Grinev cannot help but pay his billiard debt - for him it is a matter of noble honor.

The theme of honor is also realized in the history of Grinev’s relationship with Masha Mironova. Defending the honor of his beloved girl, the hero challenges his rival, Shvabrin, to a duel. However, the intervention of the commandant prevented the duel, and only then did it resume. Here we are talking about the lady’s honor, about the duty to her.

Having fallen in love with the daughter of Captain Mironov, Grinev feels responsible for her fate. He sees his duty as protecting and preserving his beloved girl. When Masha becomes Shvabrin's prisoner, Grinev is ready to do anything to free her. Not finding support from the official authorities, he turns to Pugachev for help. And Pugachev helps young people despite the fact that Masha is the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, the daughter of an officer of the enemy troops. Here, along with the theme of knightly honor, the motif of male honor arises. By rescuing Masha, his bride, from Shvabrin’s captivity, Grinev simultaneously defends his masculine honor.

After Grinev's arrest, a trial took place. However, while defending himself, the hero could not reveal the true state of affairs, because he was afraid to involve Masha Mironova in this story. “It occurred to me that if I named her, the commission would demand her to answer; and the thought of entangling her name among the vile reports of villains and bringing her herself into a confrontation with them - this terrible thought struck me so much that I hesitated and became confused.” Grinev prefers to suffer an undeserved punishment rather than insult the good name of Marya Ivanovna. Thus, in relation to Masha, the hero behaves like a true knight protecting his lady.

Another meaning of the concept of “honor and duty” in the story is military honor, loyalty to the oath, loyalty to duty to the Fatherland. This theme is also embodied in the history of the relationship between Grinev and Pugachev. After the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, Pugachev saved the hero from the death penalty and pardoned him. However, Grinev cannot recognize him as the sovereign, since he understands who he really is. “I was again brought to the impostor and made to kneel before him. Pugachev extended his sinewy hand to me. “Kiss the hand, kiss the hand!” - they said around me. But I would prefer the most brutal execution to such vile humiliation,” recalls Grinev. However, this time everything worked out: Pugachev only joked that the young man was “stupified with joy” and let him go.

However, further the drama and tension in the story increase. Pugachev asks Grinev if he recognizes his “sovereign” and if he promises to serve him. The position of the young man is very ambiguous: he cannot recognize the impostor as sovereign, and, at the same time, he does not want to expose himself to useless risks. Grinev hesitates, but the sense of duty triumphs “over human weakness.” He overcomes his own cowardice and frankly admits to Pugachev that he cannot consider him a sovereign. A young officer cannot serve an impostor: Grinev is a natural nobleman who swore allegiance to the empress.

Then the situation becomes even more dramatic. Pugachev is trying to make Grinev promise not to oppose the rebels. But the hero cannot promise him this either: he is obliged to obey the requirements of military duty, to obey orders. However, this time Pugachev’s soul softened - he let the young man go.

The theme of honor and duty is also embodied in other episodes of the story. Here Ivan Kuzmich Mironov refuses to recognize the impostor as sovereign. Despite the injury, he fulfills his duty as the commandant of the fortress to the end. He prefers to die rather than betray his military duty. Ivan Ignatyich, the garrison lieutenant who refused to swear allegiance to Pugachev, also dies heroically.

Thus, the theme of honor and duty receives the most varied embodiment in Pushkin’s story. This is noble honor, knightly honor and lady's honor, male honor, military honor, human duty. All these motives, merging together, form a semantic polyphony in the plot of the story.

Source: sochineniesuper.ru

In the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” the main place is occupied by the issue of honor. Using the example of two heroes: Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin, he showed how people behave differently in the same situations.

From childhood, Peter Grinev was taught that, regardless of the circumstances, he should always be honest and noble. Grinev received a good upbringing and lived among moral people who had strong moral principles. When his father sent him to serve, he gave the order: “serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; Don’t chase their affection; don’t ask for service; do not turn away from service; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.” Although Grinev was only 17 years old, he remembered his father’s words well and did not deviate one step from his covenant.

When Peter lost one hundred rubles to Zurin, despite Savelich’s protests, he forced him to repay the debt, as it was a matter of honor. Thus, for the first time, we noticed his nobility.

In the Belgorod fortress, Grinev met Alexei Shvabrin, who was a nobleman and had a good education, but was very selfish, vindictive and ignoble. Shvabrin spoke with contempt about the inhabitants of the fortress, slandered Masha, only because she did not reciprocate his feelings; spreading gossip was a common thing for him. Grinev, as a noble man, immediately stood up for her and challenged Shvabrin to a duel, although he knew that duels were prohibited. It’s just that for Grinev, a person’s honor is as important as an officer’s honor.

When the siege of the fortress began, Shvabrin realized that Pugachev’s gang would win, and therefore immediately went over to their side. Grinev preferred death to treason and violation of the oath. Peter was saved from hanging by his own kindness: in Pugachev he recognized his guide, to whom he gave a hare sheepskin coat; in turn, Emelyan also remembered the good and pardoned Grinev. But when Pugachev offered to serve him, Peter refused, citing the fact that he had already sworn an oath to serve the empress and could not break the oath of allegiance. He honestly told Pugachev that if they ordered him, he would fight against him, but Pugachev still let Peter go, since even though Emelyan was a bandit, he had some kind of generosity.

At the end of the story, Shvabrin is executed for treason, but he manages to inform Grinev that he was on good terms with Pugachev. Masha seeks justice, and Peter is released from lifelong exile. Masha tells the empress the whole truth, although Grinev, for reasons of honor, chose not to speak at the trial about Masha’s involvement in this case, so that she would not relive the horrors that she suffered in the fortress. Grinev comes to Pugachev’s execution in order to express his gratitude for Masha’s salvation and their happiness.
In his story, A.S. Pushkin wanted to show that in society honor is not an empty word, but that great meaning is invested in it, and that a man of honor is always happier and luckier than a dishonest man.

Source: www.sdamna5.ru

I believe that honor ranks first among moral symbols. You can survive the collapse of the economy, you can come to terms, although it is very difficult, with the collapse of the state, you can finally endure even parting with your dearest people and with your homeland, but not a single people on earth will ever come to terms with the decay of morality. Human society has always treated dishonest people with contempt.

The loss of honor is a decline in moral principles, followed by inevitable punishment: entire states disappear from the map of the earth, peoples disappear into the black hole of history, and individuals die.

Russian writers have always addressed the problem of honor in their works. We can say that this problem was and is one of the central ones in Russian literature.

The concept of honor is brought up in a person from childhood. Using the example of the story by A.S. Pushkin’s “The Captain’s Daughter” clearly shows how this happens in life and what results it leads to.

The main character of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, was brought up from childhood in an atmosphere of high everyday morality. He had someone to follow by example. Pushkin, through the mouth of Savelich, on the first pages of the story introduces readers to the moral principles of the Grinev family: “It seems that neither the father nor the grandfather were drunkards; there’s nothing to say about mother...” With these words the old servant brings up his ward Pyotr Grinev, who got drunk for the first time and behaved unsightly.

The first time Pyotr Grinev acted honorably, returning the gambling debt, although in that situation Savelich tried to persuade him to evade payment. But nobility prevailed.

A man of honor, in my opinion, is always kind and selfless in his interactions with others. For example, Pyotr Grinev, despite Savelich’s dissatisfaction, thanked the tramp for his service by giving him a hare sheepskin coat. His action saved both of their lives in the future. This episode seems to say that fate itself protects a person who lives by honor. But, of course, it’s not a matter of fate, but simply there are more people on earth who remember good than evil, which means that a noble person has a better chance of everyday happiness.

Moral tests awaited Grinev in the fortress where he served. Officer Shvabrin interferes with Grinev’s love for Masha Mironova and weaves intrigues. In the end it comes down to a duel. Shvabrin is the complete opposite of Grinev. He is a selfish and ignoble man. This shows up in everything. Even during the duel, he did not hesitate to take advantage of a dishonorable situation to strike. Fate in the future will also present him with a bill for his position in life, but completely different than for Grinev. Shvabrin will side with Pugachev, and he will be condemned as an officer who betrayed the oath. Using the example of Shvabrin, the author wants to show that external culture has little influence on the development of a person’s character. After all, Shvabrin was more educated than Grinev. I read French novels and poems. He was a smart conversationalist. He even got Grinev addicted to reading. Apparently, the family in which a person was raised is of decisive importance.

During the Pugachev rebellion, the moral qualities of some heroes of the story and the baseness of the feelings of others were especially clearly revealed. We learned that Captain Mironov and his wife chose death, but did not surrender to the mercy of the rebels. Pyotr Grinev did the same, but was pardoned by Pugachev. It seems to me that the author made it clear to the reader that Pugachev showed generosity towards the young officer not only out of a feeling of gratitude for the old favor. He equally, it seemed to me, appreciated Grinev as a man of honor. The leader of the popular uprising himself set noble goals for himself, so he was not alien to the concepts of honor. Moreover, thanks to Pugachev, Grinev and Masha found each other forever.

Shvabrin, too, was powerless in implementing his selfish plans. Pugachev not only did not support Shvabrin, but also clearly made it clear to him that he was dishonest and therefore not a competitor to Grinev.

Grinev’s morality even influenced Pugachev himself. The chieftain told the officer a fairy tale he had heard from an old Kalmyk woman, in which it was said that it was better to drink fresh blood once than to feed on carrion for three hundred years. Of course, the fairy eagle and the raven were arguing at the moment, solving a purely human problem. Pugachev clearly preferred the eagle that feeds on blood. But Grinev boldly answered the chieftain: “Intricate... But to live by murder and robbery means, for me, to peck at carrion.” After such an answer from Grinev, Pugachev plunged into deep thoughts. Therefore, deep down in his soul, Pugachev had noble roots.

The ending of the story is interesting. It would seem that a connection with the rebellious chieftain would be fatal for Grinev. He is actually arrested based on a denunciation. He faces the death penalty, but Grinev decides, for reasons of honor, not to name his beloved. If he had told the whole truth about Masha, for the sake of saving whom he, in fact, found himself in such a situation, then he would probably have been acquitted. But at the very last moment, justice triumphed. Masha herself turns to a lady close to the Empress for Grinev’s pardon. The lady takes the poor girl at her word. This fact suggests that in a society where most people live by honor, justice is always easier to prevail. The lady turns out to be the empress herself, and the fate of her beloved Masha is decided for the better.

Grinev remained a man of honor to the end. He was present at the execution of Pugachev, to whom he owed his happiness. Pugachev recognized him and nodded his head from the scaffold.

So, the proverb “take care of your honor from a young age” has the meaning of a life talisman that helps you overcome harsh life trials.