Kokle is a Latvian stringed plucked folk musical instrument. Latvian folk music See what "Music of Latvia" is in other dictionaries

MISCELLANEOUS NEWS OF THE CITY OF RIGA IN LATVIA

Today, August 18, the celebrations of the Riga City Day are coming to an end and in the late evening at 22:45 all tourists and residents of the city are waiting for colorful fireworks. But more details about everything in the news. | 08/17/2013

When the repair comes to an end, you always want to quickly wash off the dust and throw away construction debris, and finally add something truly beautiful to the apartment. Such a good touch to complete the overall look of the apartment can be stylish glass doors.

According to eyewitnesses, cycling marathon passing all over resort city of Latvia, Jurmala, it is almost impossible to enter and move around the city by car. | 06/09/2013

The Russians managed to acquire a fairly large-scale purchase in the center of Riga for 6 746 918 lats. Acquisition of an entertainment center "Venice" became quite a profitable purchase, because 4689 sq. m. adjoins the Center. m of land. | 02.07.2013

The draft Decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin on the payment of allowances to Latvian pensioners was condemned in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia. The Foreign Ministry is not satisfied with the text of the explanatory note that is attached to the decree. It says that in the Baltic countries, participants in the Great Patriotic War are infringed on their veteran rights.
| 03.10.2013

Every year Riga celebrates Mikelis Day, a traditional harvest festival. On Saturday, September 28, a large fair is scheduled to be held from 10 am to 5 pm on Dome Square. | 09/27/2013

Today is August 2 in one of the buildings Riga Clinical University Hospital started suddenly fire . At present, the admission department of the hospital is not functioning and no operations are being performed. According to the first information fire covered the cardiological resuscitation department and, as a result of the blast wave, all windows were broken in the area of ​​​​2 floors. The evacuation of doctors and patients is taking place in an accelerated mode. Further in the full source. | 02.08.2013

The State Police received the results of the DNA examination. The results of the examination confirmed the version of the police that in the forest near Ragaciems, Tukums district, the corpse of US citizen millionaire Leonid Rozhetskin was found.
| 17.11.2013

E-cigarette smoking is mistakenly considered harmless by consumers. This information was shared by the Ministry of Health of Latvia. In this regard, a proposal to amend the Law on Restriction of the Sale and Use of Tobacco Products was considered at a meeting of secretaries of state.

Santa Claus from Veliky Ustyug started his New Year's Eve trip to Latvia. At the very beginning of his journey across the country, Santa Claus congratulated the patients of the Children's Clinical Hospital in Riga on the upcoming holiday.

Since the beginning of 2014, the Riga City Council is going to increase the prices for public transport for passengers who have declared their place of residence outside of Riga. It is planned to talk about the upcoming changes today, September 25, at a press conference. This was announced by the mayor of the Latvian capital Nil Ushakov. | 09/25/2013

If you focus on the development of the shoulder girdle, then here you simply cannot do without a barbell. There are a huge number of exercises with this projectile that can increase the muscle mass of this part of the body and, of course, relief.

On August 25, the new season of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) began. In this regard, the Latvian hockey club "Dinamo" (Riga) received an unexpected and extraordinary gift from the construction company Skonto Būve. | 08/25/2013

The popular online store of materials for restoration presents a wide range of products for industrial, commercial and restoration purposes.
| 20.02.2014

For several years now, business cards have become increasingly popular among people interested in their own successful activities. And it is very easy to understand - for a business person... | 12/14/2013

Alfred Rubiks, a well-known Latvian politician, believes that there is a need to consider the extraction of Latvian sapropel as a completely acceptable type of business. On this occasion, a scientific-practical conference "Sapropel: extraction, processing, use" was held in Riga. MEP Alfred Rubiks was the organizer of the conference and fully supported the idea of ​​the conference. | 06.12.2013

For the export of Latvian goods, entrepreneurs have recently been thinking about cooperation with African countries. So far, the market for Latvian exporters in such countries is open and they have a good opportunity to win a leading position there. Latvian goods are in great demand in Africa. | 01.01.2013

With a strong desire to get to Latvia a citizen of Georgia came up with an unusual way of illegally crossing the border. According to the BelaPAN news agency, such lawlessness when crossing Belarusian-Latvian border they had never seen before, and at first they were even a little confused at the sight of the passenger of the carriage, soiled in the corner. The rest is in the full review of the topic. | 07/31/2013

Riga City Council is currently resolving the issue of places in kindergartens which are sorely lacking. At the moment, a decision has been made to allocate 2,000,000 lats for almost 550 places. For this will be by 8 preschool extensions were made to the buildings to expand the area to new places for preschool children. Further in the full review of the topic. | 09.08.2013

The cashier who was injured in the collapse of the roof in the Maxima shopping center demands compensation in the amount of 50 million lats. The victim's lawyer is filing a lawsuit on behalf of Mārtiņš, who is still in serious condition in the hospital.

In the city of Rezekne, the city council has developed new mandatory rules for keeping pets. Amendments and additions have also been made to the regulation on the duty for keeping dogs within the city | 11/15/2013

Opened direct air communication between Riga and Abu Dhabi. A solemn event dedicated to the opening of a new route was held at the Riga International Airport. The ceremony was attended by acting. Prime Minister of the Republic of Lithuania Valdis Dombrovskis, government officials, senior management of the airline, major entrepreneurs and representatives of travel agencies.

Officials of the European Union received a kind of gift from the prisoners of the Panevėžys Correctional House. During this summer, the women serving sentences in this penitentiary knitted 100 pairs of mittens, which were presented as a gift to people who participated in the events of the Lithuanian Presidency of the Council of the EU in Vilnius.

Annually in Riga an incredibly interesting event is being held - restaurant week , which this year will be held from 5 to 11 August. It's on days like these inhabitants of Riga and its guests will be able to taste the dishes of 13 of the best restaurants for a symbolic price, which will be approximately 10 lats and 50 santims.

For the last week, namely until September 29, the citizens have the opportunity to see the Humboldt penguins, which have been living in the territory of the Riga Zoo since July 23 this year. | 09/27/2013

For several years already, the Riga Social Service has been helping people who have significant problems with the Latvian language and finding a new job. This service operates in addition to the standard training package from the State Employment Agency.
| 11.04.2013

Every day, the number of trains with free WiFi is growing, which attracts schoolchildren and students to use this particular vehicle. | 05.10.2013

Foreigners do not stop having fun in Riga. As recently as Friday, two foreign tourists raged on Valdemara Street. The taxi driver announced to his passengers the cost of the trip. | 04/23/2013

According to the plot of the famous children's fairy tale about the three little pigs, it was found that the most durable house is the one built of bricks. And this does not contradict reality. Brick-based buildings can stand without any destruction in a row for several centuries.

Despite the fact that many people like Krasnodar so much that they don’t even think about traveling abroad, but now the conditions and quality of life are growing, and the world is open like never before, which should be used immediately! | 01/18/2014

In 2014, Riga will be the European Capital of Culture. The Year of the Capital of Culture will solemnly open in the capital of Latvia in mid-January, on the 15th. The opening will be accompanied by numerous festive events. | 12/15/2013

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed bewilderment due to the fact that Oleg Gazmanov performed the song "Made in the USSR" at the events on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in the Great Hall of the Kremlin. The song is simple and loved by many, because, to be honest, many people were made in the USSR and are not shy about declaring it. | 12/15/2013

More and more often smugglers come across on European territory. And each time they are more and more inventive in the methods of crossing the border and transporting prohibited or undeclared goods in their luggage. This incident happened very recently. | 12/23/2013

Innovations, in recent years, more and more surprises us. This time - the reforms touched the traffic police. Now the brave traffic cops will use brand new wands.

Each person strives to make his home individual and beautiful. The most noticeable part of the interior of the interior is the ceiling. A beautifully designed ceiling must be in line with the overall interior.
| 19.11.2013

The musical instruments of Latvia include many instruments, but the main one is the kokle. Moreover, it is the oldest musical instrument in the Baltics. And besides, it is the national musical symbol of the Latvian people. The canons of Latvian culture include the kokle as a musical instrument and the basics of playing the kokle.

Types of kokle

The oldest of all kokles is still preserved in the Latvian museum and it dates back to 1710. The aforementioned kokle was found in the vicinity of Durbe, in Liepaja County. According to their appearance, kokles come from the western part of the country and from the east. Accordingly, this is:

1. Kurzeme type
2. Latgalian type.

Those of the oldest Kurzeme kokles that have survived to this day resemble a boat in their appearance and shape. And the upper part of the musical instrument is decorated with an ornament.

Such ancient kokles have only 5 strings, which in ancient times were made using household intestines. But such samples have not reached us. Only koklé with metal strings have survived.

As for the Latgale kokles, they are distinguished by their large size, their shape resembles a trapezoid, and the lower plank is straight.

Kokle as a symbol of the Latvian people

The musical instruments of Latvia carry the rich history of this nation.

For example, a valuable relic has been preserved in the museum. This is a kokle with 10 strings, Latgalian type. It was discovered in Dauvgalpill parish, Preili district. This kokle dates back to the 19th century.

In the museum, this kokle is the only copy with a carved wooden sculpture in the form of a woman's head. The body is carved from elm, and the sculpture itself from linden. The extension of the sound board ends in a wave-like contour, which is reminiscent of the bottom edge of a ladies' garment. And a five-pointed star and 2 flowers are carved on top.

Kokle is a kind of reminder of the traditional Latgale wood carving, which was used to decorate not only sculptures, but also buildings and even crucifixes. The image of a kokle is associated with a sacred statue, reveals folk customs and traditions and demonstrates the originality of this region.

The musical instruments of Latvia are, first of all, the kokle. This instrument is a frequent guest in epics, fairy tales and legends. The Latashi people honor this instrument and speak of it very reverently. In the legends of Latvia, those people who play the kokle embody spiritual power.

And the kokle, which dates back to 1710, also bears its own legend. In winter, plague prevailed in Kurzeme and only 2 children remained alive in the Durbes parish. And the eldest of the surviving children seated the youngest on a kokle, as if on a sled, and drove through the snow towards the neighbor's house. This case shows how the kokle folk instrument saved the precious lives of 2 children.

Kokle, which is in the museum's collection, was received as a gift from the Riga Latvian community at the very end of the 19th century.

Video: Playing the kokle

Flute instruments have been found. By the end of the first millennium, the peoples inhabiting the territory of modern Latvia created many instruments, such as the kokle (stringed plucked instrument of the zither family), whose design has survived to this day.

By the time of the conquest of the territory of modern Latvia crusaders(XIII century) the musical culture of this region was predominantly folk. Until the 19th century, the musical culture of Latvia was based almost exclusively on German traditions. From the thirteenth century, it developed catholic, and from the 16th century also Protestant church music. In Riga, there were guilds and workshops of city musicians, consisting only of Germans. The first books of liturgical chants in Latvian texts were published in Königsberg in 1587 and Riga― in 1615. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, the musical life of Latvia was closely connected with European culture. The Musical Society (from 1760) and the City Theater (from 1782) operated in Riga, and at the court of the Duke of Kurzeme in Mitau (now Jelgava) famous musicians such as Johann Fischer, Franz Adam Weichtner, Johann Adam Hiller worked. From 1753 to 1788 a student worked in Riga Bach Johann Gottfried Mutel.

In the 18th-19th centuries, many Latvian churches were equipped with bodies, about 250 historical instruments have survived to this day. The organ of the Dome Cathedral in Riga with four manuals and 125 registers, built in 1884, was the largest in Europe at the time of its opening. In Latvia, lying on the way between the largest concert centers in Western Europe and St. Petersburg, concerts of famous organ virtuosos of that time began to take place. The cultural ties of the Latvian intelligentsia with Königsberg University have been strengthened. In 1764–1769, the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803), who was the first to publish Latvian folk songs in Europe, lived in Riga. Among other well-known cultural figures whose biography was associated with Latvia is the music publisher Johann Friedrich Hartknoch (1740-1789).

In the first half of the 19th century, people came to Riga with concerts John Field , Robert And Clara Schumann , Franz Liszt , Hector Berlioz , Anton Rubinstein. In 1837-1839 he lived in the city Richard Wagner, here he began work on the opera " Rienzi ».

The second half of the 19th century is the time of the formation of the Latvian national music school. One of its first representatives was the composer Karlis Baumanis (1835-1905), the author of text and music Latvian national anthem, and Janis Cimze (1814-1881), who collected and processed folk music. Among musical genres, the most actively developed choral singing, in 1873 the first song festival was held, which has become traditional and is held every five years.

Music education in Latvia in the 19th century was available only in seminaries and a few music schools, and for a more complete education, musicians went abroad or to St. Petersburg. Late-century Latvian academic music, like in many other Eastern European countries, was heavily influenced by folklore. Composers such as Andrey Yuryans, Jazeps Vitols and Emilis Melngailis, often used direct quotation of folk songs in their writings, others ( Alfred Kalninsh, Emil Darzins) avoided this, but elements of folklore also occupy a significant place in their works.

The short-term period of the independent republic (1918-1940) is the era of the rapid development of the musical culture of Latvia. The Latvian National Opera opens in Riga (the first Latvian opera performance, Banyuta by Alfred Kalnins, was staged in 1920), the Latvian Conservatory (now Jazeps Vitols Latvian Academy of Music, 1919), music schools, founded the first permanent symphony orchestra (Riga Radio Orchestra, 1926) and a number of chamber ensembles. Various directions of composing art are represented by Jazeps Vitols, Alfreds Kalnins, Jazeps Medins (national romanticism), Janis Medins and Janis Kalnins (post-Wagnerism), Janis Knepitis and Janis Zalitis (impressionism) and others.

The main opera venue of the Latvian SSR was the State Opera and Ballet Theatre. Both classical and modern operas were staged on its stage, including the latest works by Latvian composers. At various times, the conductors in this theater were Leonids Wigners, Edgars Tons, Rihards Glazups, Alexander Vilyumanis, as well as foreigners - Leo Blech, Gintaras Rinkevičius and others.

Modern Latvia is a major center of European musical culture. Concerts of the world's largest musicians, international music competitions and festivals are regularly held in Riga and other cities. The festivals in Jurmala (Dzintari) and Sigulda are especially famous.

Among the Latvian musicians who gained world fame in the second half of the 20th and early 21st Janis Ivanov, Paul Dambis, Maya Einfelde, Arthur Grinups, Imants Kalnins , Romualds Kalsons, Peteris Plakidis, Georg Pelecis, Juris Karlsons, Peteris Vasks , Raymond Pauls, Romuald Kalsons, Imants Zemzaris, conductors Arvid Jansons and his son Maris, Andris Nelsons, singers Karlis Zarins, Janis Sprogis, Ingus Petersons, Samson Izyumov, Alexander Antonenko, singers Germaine Heine-Wagnere, Inesse Galante, Elina Garanca, Maya Kovalevska, pianists Artur Ozolinsh, Ilze Graubiņa, Vestards Simkus, violinists Baiba Skride, Ieva Graubina-Bravo, Rasma Lielmane-Kortesa, Valdis Zarinsh and Gidon Kremer, piano duet Nora Novick And Raffi Kharajanyan, horn player Arvids Klishans, cellist Eleonora Testelec, choir conductors Imants Cepitis, Imants and Guido Kokarsy, organists Talivaldis Deksnis, Iveta Apkalne.

folk music

Latvian folk musical instruments on a postage stamp of the USSR

Literature

• Musical Encyclopedia edited by J. Keldysh, article “Latvian Music” (author J. Ya. Vitolin
• Sat. Music of Soviet Latvia. Riga, 1988.

Links

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

• Music of Buryatia
• Music in Liechtenstein

See what "Music of Latvia" is in other dictionaries:

Music of Russia- Contents 1 Folk music 2 Classical music, opera and ballet 3 Popular music ... Wikipedia

Music

Music- I Music (from the Greek musike, literally the art of the muses) is a type of art that reflects reality and affects a person through meaningful and specially organized sound sequences, consisting mainly of tones ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Music- (Greek moysikn, from mousa muse) a type of suit that reflects reality and affects a person through sound sequences that are meaningful and specially organized in height and time, consisting mainly of tones ... ... Music Encyclopedia

Culture of Latvia- List of Latvian cultural figures Contents 1 Writers and poets 2 Composers 3 Artists 4 ... Wikipedia

On April 11, 2014, the Latvian Post, within the framework of the joint issue under the international program "EUROPA", issues two stamps on the theme "National musical instruments" - bagpipes and kokle (harp). The release artist is Lily Dinere.

Gusli (kuōkle) is a national Latvian plucked musical instrument that can be used to play both folk melodies and classical pieces. . By design, they are similar to the Lithuanian kankles, Russian gusli, Estonian kantele and Karelian-Finnish kantele. The first written information about this instrument appeared in the 15th century. They were made from 20-year-old wood. To create a professional kokle, only maple is used. The harp has a hollow trapezoidal shape with a thin wooden deck. Wooden tuning pegs are mounted at the wide end of the body, while the narrow end is a metal rod on which the strings are attached. For strings, animal guts, vegetable fibers can be used. Traditionally, there were 6-9 strings on the kokle, over time their number increased to 10.

Bagpipes (dūdas) - a wind musical instrument, one of the many varieties of bagpipes. The peak of popularity in Latvia fell on the 16th-18th centuries. The fur is based on badger, goat or calf skin or animal bladder with several tubes (playing and for pumping air), which are inflated by the performer himself or used as an air reservoir. Usually one of these pipes is used to play a melody, it is played by pinching the playing holes with the fingers; each of the other accompanying pipes ("bourdons") produces only one tone. The bagpipe was often played at merry celebrations: weddings, market festivities. Most often, the piper played in the orchestra along with other musicians: violinists, clarinetists, etc.

Issue form: in sheets of 10 stamps (5 tete-beches) with decorated margins
The circulation of the Gusli brand is 54,000 copies.
Circulation of the brand bagpipes - 30 thousand copies

The denominations of the stamps are €0.78 and €1.71, which is equivalent to the cost of sending letters to EU countries in regular and priority class.

The First Day Cancellation will take place on April 11, 2014 in the postal center of Riga

Earlier, in 1991, the post office of the USSR in the series "folk musical instruments"

Coming soon!
Pre-orders for all materials of the issue are accepted by e-mail: