What I accept and do not accept in the character and actions of Yevgeny Bazarov (based on the novel by I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")
Pisarev Dmitry Ivanovich (1840 - 1868), critic, publicist.
Born on October 2 (14 n.s.) in the village of Znamenskoye, Oryol province, in a poor noble family. Childhood years passed in the parental home; his mother was involved in his initial education and upbringing. Varvara Dmitrievna. At the age of four, he was fluent in Russian and French, then he mastered German. In 1952 - 56 he studied at the St. Petersburg gymnasium, after which he entered the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University. Beginning in 1859, Pisarev regularly appeared with reviews and articles in the journal "Dawn" ("Oblomov" - Roman Goncharova; "Nest of Nobles" - Roman I. Turgenev; "Three Deaths" - The story of Count L. Tolstoy). Dissatisfied with the university program, he purposefully engages in self-education. In 1860, as a result of overwork and personal experiences on the basis of many years of unrequited love for his cousin R. Koreneva, Pisarev became mentally ill and spent four months in a psychiatric hospital. After recovering, he continued his university course and successfully graduated from the university in 1861. Actively collaborated with the Russian Word magazine (until it was closed in 1866), becoming its leading critic and practically co-editor. His articles attract the attention of readers with their sharpness of thought, sincerity of tone, and polemical spirit. In 1862 he published the article "Bazarov", which exacerbated the controversy around the so-called "nihilism" and "nihilists". The critic openly sympathizes with Bazarov, his strong, honest and stern character. He believed that Turgenev understood this new human type for Russia "as truly as none of our young realists will understand." In the same year, outraged by the repressions against the "nihilists" and the closure of a number of democratic educational institutions, Pisarev wrote a pamphlet (regarding the pamphlet of Shedo-Ferroti, written by order of the government and directed against Herzen), calling for the overthrow of the government and the physical liquidation of the reigning house. July 2, 1862 was arrested and imprisoned in solitary confinement in the Peter and Paul Fortress, where he spent four years. After a year in prison, he received permission to write and publish. The years of imprisonment are the heyday of Pisarev's activities and his influence on Russian democracy. During this time, there were almost forty of his publications in the Russian Word (article "Motives of Russian Drama", 1864; "Realists"; "Pushkin and Belinsky", 1865; "Thinking Proletariat about Chernyshevsky's novel" What is to Be Done?, etc.) Released early on November 18, 1866 under an amnesty, Pisarev first works with his former co-editor, who now publishes the journal Delo, but in 1868 accepts an invitation from N. Nekrasov to cooperate in "Notes of the Fatherland", where he publishes a number of articles and reviews. Pisarev's creative path at the age of 28 suddenly ended: during a vacation near Riga, he drowned, swimming in the Baltic Sea. He was buried at the Volkovo cemetery in St. Petersburg.
Abstract
For what purpose does real criticism turn to the analysis of the thin. Artworks?
The study of the "past generation"
Turgenev's opinions and judgments do not change a hair's breadth of our view of the younger generation and the ideas of our time; we will not even take them into consideration, we will not even argue with them; these opinions, judgments and feelings ... will only provide materials for characterizing the past generation in the person of one of its best representatives.
Who is the analysis for?
To the younger generation
All our young generation, with their aspirations and ideas, can recognize themselves in the protagonists of this novel.
Why does Pisarev write out the name of the hero Turgenev in the title of his article, without supplying him with any evaluative definitions?
Estimated definitions do not suit Bazarov, because this is a collective type.
He (Bazarov) is a representative of our young generation; in his personality are grouped those properties that are scattered in small shares in the masses, and the image of this person clearly and clearly emerges before the reader's imagination.
What did the critic see as the task of his article?
Understand the cause of conflicts between the old and the new generation.
It is curious to trace how the ideas and aspirations that stir in our young generation act on a person. ... to find the cause of that discord in our private life ... from which young lives often perish ... old men and women grunt and groan ...
What are the fundamental properties of the Bazarov type and what are they due to?
Disgust for everything that goes away.
This kind of disgust for everything that is detached from life and vanishes in sounds is a fundamental property of people of the Bazarov type. This fundamental property is developed precisely in those heterogeneous workshops in which a person, refining his mind and tensing his muscles, fights nature for the right to exist in this world.
What, according to Pisarev, controls the actions of the hero?
Moving along the path of least resistance.
In addition to direct attraction, Bazarov has another leader -
calculation. He chooses the lesser of two evils.
How does the critic explain Bazarov's honesty?
Bazarov's honesty is explained by his cold-blooded calculation.
Being honest is very beneficial... any crime is dangerous and therefore inconvenient.
How does Bazarov compare with the heroes of the previous era?
There are no fundamental differences. Only people of the Bazarov type understood the unattainability of the goal.
In practical terms, they are also powerless, like the Rudins, but they realized their powerlessness and stopped waving their arms. Pechorin has a will without knowledge, Rudin has knowledge without a will; Bazarov has both knowledge and will; thought and deed merge into one solid whole. People of the present do not whisper, do not look for anything, do not settle down anywhere, do not succumb to any compromises and do not hope for anything.
What answer does Pisarev give to the question: "What to do?"
Live while you live.
Live while you live, eat dry bread when there is no roast beef, be with women when you can’t love a woman, and in general, don’t dream of orange trees and palm trees, when there are snowdrifts and cold tundras under your feet.
What, from the point of view of Pisarev, is Turgenev's attitude to the hero
(to the Bazarov type in general and to the death of the hero in particular)?
Turgenev cannot bear the society of Bazarov.
The whole interest, the whole meaning of the novel lies in the death of Bazarov. Turgenev obviously does not favor his hero. ... his soft loving nature, striving for faith and sympathy, is warped by corrosive realism ... Turgenev shrinks painfully from the softest touch with a bouquet of Bazarovism.
Literature
Answer to ticket number 16
The image of Bazarov in the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, the attitude of the author to him.
1. Socio-political situation in the creation of the novel "Fathers and Sons".
2. I.S. Turgenev about his hero.
3. Bazarov - "new man": democracy; harsh life school; “I want to work”: passion for natural sciences; the humanism of the hero; self-esteem. Nihilism of Bazarov.
5. Love in the life of Bazarov and its influence on the views of the hero.
6. The death and worldview of Bazarov is the main meaning of the finale.
1. The novel “Fathers and Sons” was written by I.S. Turgenev during the revolutionary situation in Russia (1859-1862) and the abolition of serfdom. The writer revealed in the novel a turning point in the public consciousness of Russia, when noble liberalism was supplanted by revolutionary democratic thought. This division of society was reflected in the novel in the person of Bazarov, a raznochint-democrat (“children”) and the Kirsanov brothers, the best of the liberal nobles (“fathers”).
2. Turgenev himself ambivalently perceived the image he created. He wrote to A. A. Fet: “Did I want to scold Bazarov or exalt him? I don’t know this myself, for I don’t know whether I love him or hate him!” And in a note on “Fathers and Sons,” Turgenev writes: “Bazarov is my favorite brainchild ... This is the prettiest of all my figures.”
3. The personality of Bazarov, the spokesman for the ideas of revolutionary democracy, is of interest to Turgenev, because he is a hero of the time, who has absorbed the distinctive features of the era of social change. Turgenev singles out democracy in Bazarov, manifested in the noble habit of work, which is developed from childhood. On the one hand, the example of parents, on the other - a harsh school of life, studying at the university for copper pennies. This feature distinguishes him from the Kirsanovs and for Bazarov is the main criterion for evaluating a person. The Kirsanovs are the best of the nobles, but they do nothing, they do not know how to get down to business. Nikolai Petrovich plays the cello, reads Pushkin. Pavel Petrovich carefully monitors his appearance, changes clothes for breakfast, lunch, dinner. Arriving to his father, Bazarov says: "I want to work." And Turgenev constantly. emphasizes that the "fever of work" is characteristic of the hero's active nature. A feature of the generation of Democrats of the 60s is a passion for the natural sciences. After graduating from the Faculty of Medicine, Bazarov instead of rest “cuts frogs”, preparing himself for scientific activity. Bazarov does not confine himself only to those sciences that are directly related to medicine, but reveals extensive knowledge in botany, and in agricultural technology, and in geology. Realizing the limitations of his abilities due to the deplorable state of medicine in Russia, Bazarov still never refuses to help those in need, regardless of his employment: he treats both his son Fenichka and the peasants of the surrounding villages, helps his father. And even his death was due to infection at autopsy. Bazarov's humanism is manifested in his desire to benefit the people, Russia.
Bazarov is a man with a great sense of his own dignity, in no way inferior to aristocrats in this respect, and in some ways even surpasses them. In the story of the duel, Bazarov showed not only common sense and intelligence, but nobility and fearlessness, even the ability to make fun of himself at the moment of mortal danger. Even Pavel Petrovich appreciated his nobility: “You acted nobly ...” But there are things that Turgenev denies in his hero - this is Bazarov’s nihilism in relation to nature, music, literature, painting, love - everything that makes up the poetry of life that elevates a person. Everything that is devoid of a materialistic explanation, Bazarov denies.
He considers the entire political system of Russia to be rotten, therefore he denies “everything”: autocracy, serfdom, religion - and what is generated by the “ugly state of society”: popular poverty, lack of rights, darkness, ignorance, patriarchal antiquity, family. However, Bazarov does not put forward a positive program. When P.P. Kirsanov tells him: “... You are destroying everything ... Why, you need to build,” Bazarov replies: “This is no longer our business ... First we need to clear the place.”
4. When Bazarov stigmatizes exaggerated, abstract "principles", he wins. And the author shares his position. But when Bazarov enters the sphere of refined experiences, which he never accepted, not a trace remains of his confidence. The harder it is for Bazarov, the more tangible is the author's empathy for him.
5. In love for Odintsova, Bazarov’s ability to have a strong feeling and respect for a woman, her mind and character were expressed - after all, he shared his most cherished thoughts with Odintsova, filling his feeling with reasonable content.
Turgenev reflects the deep psychological experiences of the hero, their passionate tension, integrity and strength. In a love conflict, Bazarov looks like a big personality. Rejected, he wins a moral victory over a selfish woman, but his feelings for her and the gap are tragic for Bazarov. Love for Odintsova helped Bazarov reconsider his views, rethink his convictions. He has a new psychological attitude: isolation, introspection, attraction to problems previously alien to him. Bazarov speaks with pain about the brevity of human existence: “The narrow place that I occupy is so tiny in comparison with the main space ... and the part of the time that I manage to live is so insignificant before eternity ...” A complex reappraisal of values begins. For the first time, Bazarov loses faith in his future, but does not give up his aspirations and opposes complacency. Boundless Rus' with its dark, dirty villages becomes the subject of his close attention. But he never acquires the ability to “talk about the affairs and needs” of the peasants and only helps the rural population in the medical practice of his father.
6. Turgenev showed the greatness of Bazarov during his illness, in the face of death. In the speech of the dying, pain from the consciousness of the near inevitable end. Each remark addressed to Odintsova is a clot of spiritual suffering: “Look, what an ugly sight: a half-crushed worm” and also bristles. And after all, I also thought: I’ll break off my grandfather a lot, I won’t die, where! There is a task, because I am a giant!.. Russia needs me... No, apparently, it is not needed. And who is needed? Knowing that he will die, he comforts his parents, shows sensitivity to his mother, hiding the danger that threatens him from her, makes a dying request to Odintsova to take care of the old people: “After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day with fire. ..” The courage and steadfastness of his materialistic and atheistic views manifested itself in his refusal to confess when, yielding to the pleas of his parents, he agreed to take communion, but only in an unconscious state, when a person is not responsible for his actions. Pisarev noted that in the face of death, "Bazarov becomes better, more humane, which is proof of the integrity, completeness and natural wealth of nature." Having not had time to realize himself in life, Bazarov only in the face of death gets rid of his intolerance and for the first time truly feels that real life is much wider and more diverse than his ideas about it. This is the main point of the ending. Turgenev himself wrote about this:
“I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, vicious, honest - still doomed to death - because it still stands on the eve of the future.”
The greatest creation of the master of psychology I.S. Turgenev. He created his novel in a critical era, when progressive people of society were interested in the future of Russia, and writers were interested in the search for a hero of the time. Bazarov (the characterization of this character clearly demonstrates what the most developed youth of that time was like) is the central character of the novel, all threads of the narrative come down to him. He is the brightest representative of the new generation. Who is he?
General characteristics (appearance, occupation)
As a writer-psychologist, Turgenev thought through everything to the smallest detail. One of the ways to characterize a character is the appearance of the hero. Bazarov has a high forehead, which is a sign of intelligence, narrow lips, speaking of arrogance and arrogance. However, the clothes of the hero play a big role. Firstly, it shows that Bazarov is a representative of raznochintsy democrats (the younger generation, opposed to the older generation of liberal aristocrats of the 1940s). He is dressed in a long black hoodie with tassels. He is wearing loose trousers made of coarse fabric and a simple shirt - this is how Bazarov is dressed. The image turned out to be more than speaking. He does not pursue fashion trends, moreover, he despises the elegance of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, whose appearance is completely opposite. Simplicity in dress is one of the principles of the nihilists, whose position the hero has taken, so he feels closer to the common people. As the novel shows, the hero really manages to get close to ordinary Russian people. Bazarov is loved by the peasants, followed by the yard children. By occupation, Bazarov (characteristic of the hero in terms of profession) is a doctor. And who else could he be? After all, all his judgments are based on German materialism, where a person is considered only as a system in which its own physical and physiological laws operate.
Nihilism Bazarov
Bazarov, whose character is certainly one of the most striking in the literature of the 19th century, adhered to one of the most popular teachings of that time - nihilism, which means "nothing" in Latin. The hero does not recognize any authorities, does not bow to any life principles. The main thing for him is science and knowledge of the world by experience.
External conflict in the novel
As noted above, Turgenev's novel is multifaceted, two levels of conflict can be distinguished in it: external and internal. At the external level, the conflict is represented by the disputes between Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov.
Disputes with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov concern different aspects of human life. The most irreconcilable Bazarov is in relation to art, especially poetry. He sees in it only empty and useless romanticism. The second thing the characters are talking about is nature. For people like Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich, nature is God's temple in which a person rests, they admire her beauty. Bazarov (the character's quotes confirm this) is categorically against such chanting, he believes that nature is "a workshop, and a person is a worker in it." In a conflict with Pavel Petrovich, the hero often behaves rather rudely. He speaks unflatteringly about him in the presence of his nephew, Arkady Kirsanov. All this shows Bazarov not from the best side. It is for such an image of the hero that Turgenev will subsequently suffer. Bazarov, whose characterization in many critical articles is not in favor of Turgenev, turned out to be undeservedly scolded by the author, some even believe that Turgenev slanders the entire younger generation, undeservedly accusing him of all sins. However, one should not forget that the older generation is also not at all praised in the text.
Relationship with parents
Bazarov's nihilism clearly manifests itself at all moments of his life. Parents who have not seen their son for a long time are eagerly waiting for him. But they are slightly shy of their serious and educated child. The mother pours out her feelings, and the father embarrassedly apologizes for such intemperance. Bazarov himself seeks to leave his parental home as soon as possible, apparently because he is afraid of suddenly showing warm feelings himself. According to German materialism, a person cannot have any spiritual attachments. On his second visit, Eugene also asks his parents not to interfere with him, not to bother him with their care.
Internal conflict
The internal conflict in the novel is obvious. It lies in the fact that the hero begins to doubt his theory, he is disillusioned with it, but cannot come to terms with it. The first doubts about nihilism arise in Bazarov when he meets Sitnikov and Kukshina. These people call themselves nihilists, but they are too small and insignificant.
Love line in the novel
The test of the hero by love is a classic for the genre of the novel, and the novel "Fathers and Sons" was no exception. Bazarov, an inveterate nihilist who denies any romantic feelings, falls in love with the young widow Odintsova. She conquers him at the first sight, when he sees her at the ball. She differs from other women in beauty, majesty, her gait is graceful, every movement is royally graceful. But her most important feature is intelligence and prudence. Just prudence will prevent her from staying with Bazarov. At first, their relationship seems friendly, but the reader immediately understands that a spark of love flashed between them. However, none of them is able to step over their principles. Evgeny Bazarov's confession looks ridiculous, because at the moment of revelation his eyes are more full of anger than love. Bazarov is a complex and controversial image. What makes him angry? Of course, that his theory collapsed. Man is and has always been a being with a living heart, in which the strongest feelings glimmer. He, who denies love and romance, is subdued by a woman. Bazarov's ideas collapsed, they were refuted by life itself.
Friendship
Arkady Kirsanov is one of Bazarov's most devoted supporters. However, it is immediately noticeable how different they are. In Arcadia, as in his family, there is too much romanticism. He wants to enjoy nature, he wants to start a family. Surprisingly, Bazarov, whose quotes to Pavel Petrovich are harsh and unfriendly, does not despise him for this. He guides him on his path, realizing at the same time that Arkady will never be a true nihilist. At the moment of the quarrel, he insults Kirsanov, but his words are rather thoughtless than evil. A remarkable mind, strength of character, will, calmness and self-control - these are the qualities that Bazarov possesses. The characterization of Arkady looks weaker against his background, because he is not such an outstanding personality. But at the end of the novel, Arkady remains a happy family man, and Yevgeny dies. Why?
Meaning of the end of the novel
Many critics reproached Turgenev for "killing" his hero. The end of the novel is very symbolic. For such heroes as Bazarov, the time has not come, and the author believes that it will never come at all. After all, humanity is kept only because it has love, kindness, respect for the traditions of ancestors, culture. Bazarov is too categorical in his assessments, he does not take half measures, and his sayings sound blasphemous. He encroaches on the most valuable - nature, faith and feelings. As a result, his theory breaks on the rocks of the natural order of life. He falls in love, cannot be happy just because of his beliefs, and in the end he dies altogether.
The epilogue of the novel emphasizes that Bazarov's ideas were unnatural. Parents visit their son's grave. He found peace in the midst of beautiful and eternal nature. In an emphatically romantic vein, Turgenev depicts a cemetery landscape, once again pursuing the idea that Bazarov was wrong. "Workshop" (as Bazarov called it) continues to bloom, live and delight everyone with its beauty, but the hero is no more.
During the classes
I. Repetition of the studied.
Sample questions:
1. Let's remember how the novel was created, where it was published, to whom it is dedicated, against whom it is directed. (The novel was conceived in 1860 in England, completed in Russia in 1861, published in Russkiy Vestnik in 1862, dedicated to V. G. Belinsky, directed against the nobility.)
2. What events of the novel do you consider the main ones?
3. What is the essence of the main conflict?
4. For what purpose does I. S. Turgenev confront Bazarov with other heroes of the novel? What is the “psychological couple reception”? What characters in the novel are involved?
5. What is "nihilism"?
6. What is the essence of Bazar's nihilism?
7. What is the role of Odintsova in revealing the main conflict of the novel?
8. Why did Turgenev "force" his hero to die? Did Bazarov believe in the immortality of the soul?
9. What, in your opinion, is outdated in the novel and what is modern?
10. What is your attitude to Turgenev's novel and its characters?
II. Discussion of the statements of Russian critics about the novel "Fathers and Sons".
I. S. Turgenev after the publication of Fathers and Sons, he wanted to leave literary activity forever and even said goodbye to readers in the story Enough.
"Fathers and Sons" made a sensation in a way that the author did not expect. With bewilderment and bitterness, he stopped before the "chaos of contradictory judgments" (Yu. V. Lebedev) .
In a letter to A. A. Fet, Turgenev remarked in confusion: “Did I want to scold Bazarov or exalt him? I don’t know this myself, because I don’t know whether I love him or hate him!”
1. D. I. Pisarev wrote two brilliant articles "Bazarov" (1862) and "Realists" (1864), in which he expressed his attitude to Turgenev's novel and the protagonist. The critic saw his task in "outlining Bazarov's personality with large features", showing his strong, honest and stern character, and protecting him from unfair accusations.
Pisarev's article "Bazarov". (2-4, 10, 11th chapters.)
1) What are the fundamental properties of the Bazarov type and what are they due to? (Pisarev, with his characteristic aphoristic precision, reveals the essence of the Bazarov type, which is generated by the harsh school of labor. It was labor that developed energy ... Pisarev explained Bazarov’s rudeness and harshness by saying that “hands become rougher from harsh labor, manners become rougher, feelings become rougher.”)
2) What, according to D. I. Pisarev, controls Bazarov’s actions?
(The reasons for vigorous activity, according to Pisarev, are “personal whim or personal calculations.” The critic, overlooking the revolutionary nature of Bazarov, could not clearly explain what “personal calculations” means. Pisarev also impoverished the concept of “personal whim”, without filling it with revolutionary content.)
3) How does Bazarov compare with the heroes of the previous era?
(D. I. Pisarev wrote about the attitude towards Bazarov and his predecessors in Russian literature: “... the Pechorins have a will without knowledge, the Rudins have knowledge without a will, the Bazarovs have both knowledge and will, thought and deed merge into one solid whole.")
4) What does the critic say about Turgenev's attitude to the Bazarov type in general? What do you think about the hero's death in particular? (For Turgenev, his hero stands “on the eve of the future.” Bazarov dies, and his lonely grave makes one think that the democrat Bazarov has no followers and successors.
Pisarev, as it were, is in solidarity with Turgenev, since he believes that Bazarov "has no activity." Well, if “there is no reason for him to live; so you have to see how he will die. The critic analyzes in detail the chapter on the illness and death of Bazarov, admires the hero, shows what gigantic powers and opportunities this new type has. “To die the way Bazarov died is the same as doing a great feat.”)
5) What statements of the Russian critic seem interesting to you?
2. D. D. Minaev1. The poem "Fathers or children? Parallel" (1862).
For many years without fatigue
Two generations are at war
bloody war;
And nowadays in any newspaper
"Fathers" and "Children" enter the battle.
Those and these destroy each other,
As before, in the old days.
We did what we could
Two generations parallel
Through the darkness and through the fog.
But the steam of fog scattered:
Only from Ivan Turgenev
Waiting for a new novel -
Our dispute was decided by the novel.
And we exclaimed in awe:
"Who can stand in an unequal dispute?"
Which one of the two?
Who has won? Who has the best rules?
Who forced himself to respect:
Whether Bazarov, Pavel Kirsanov,
caressing our ears?
Take a closer look at his face.
What tenderness, thinness of the skin!
Like light, a white hand.
In speeches, in receptions - tact and measure,
The greatness of the London "sir" -
After all, without perfume, without a travel bag
And his life is hard.
And what a morality! Oh Gods!
He is in front of Fenechka in alarm,
Like a high school student, he trembles;
For a man intervening in a dispute,
He is sometimes with the whole office,
Drawing with my brother in conversation,
"Calm, calm!" - repeats.
Raising your body
He does business without work,
Captivating old ladies;
Sits in the bath, going to bed,
Feeds terror to the new race,
Like a lion on Bryulevskaya terrace
Walking in the morning.
Here is the old press representative.
Can you compare Bazarov with him?
Hardly, gentlemen!
The hero can be seen by signs,
And in this gloomy nihilist
With his medicines, with his lancet,
There is no trace of heroism.
Like the most exemplary cynic,
He stan Madame de Odintsova
Pressed to his chest.
And even - what audacity, after all -
Hospitality rights not knowing
Once Fenya, hugging,
Kissed in the garden.
Who is dearer to us: the old man Kirsanov,
Lover of frescoes and hookahs,
Russian Togenburg3?
Or he, a friend of the mob and bazaars,
Reborn Insarov, -
Frogs cutting Bazarov,
A slob and a surgeon?
The answer is ready: after all, we are not without reason
We have a weakness for Russian bars -
Give them crowns!
And we, deciding everything in the world,
These questions have been resolved...
Who is dearer to us - fathers or children?
Fathers! Fathers! Fathers!
Interview with students on:
2) What are the features of the form of the poem? (Minaev’s ironic poem is reminiscent of Lermontov’s Borodino. The poet sees Turgenev’s attacks on the younger generation in the novel Fathers and Sons. According to Minaev, Turgenev’s sympathies are on the side of the fathers: “Who is dearer to us - fathers or children? Fathers! Fathers! Fathers !)
3. M. A. Antonovich"Asmodeus of Our Time" (1862).
Maxim Alekseevich Antonovich - publicist, literary critic and naturalist, belonged to the revolutionary-democratic camp, was a student of N. A. Dobrolyubov and N. G. Chernyshevsky. He carried his reverent attitude towards Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov through his whole life. Antonovich had a difficult relationship with Nekrasov.
According to the memoirs of his daughter, Antonovich had a very proud and intolerant character, which aggravated the drama of his fate in journalism.
In the article “Asmodeus of Our Time”, Antonovich spoke negatively about I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”. The critic saw in the novel the idealization of fathers and slander of children. In Bazarov, Antonovich found immorality and "porridge" in his head. Yevgeny Bazarov is a caricature, slander of the younger generation.
Some excerpts from the article.
“From the very first pages ... You are enveloped in some kind of deadly cold; you don’t live with the characters in the novel, you don’t get imbued with their life, but you begin to talk coldly with them, or, more precisely, follow their reasoning ... This shows that Mr. Turgenev’s new work is extremely unsatisfactory artistically ... the new work lacks ... psychological analysis , no ... artistic images of nature paintings ...
... in the novel ... there is not a single living face and living soul, but all only abstract ideas and different directions ... He [Turgenev] despises and hates his main character and his friends with all his heart ...
In disputes, he [Bazarov] is completely lost, expresses nonsense and preaches absurdities that are unforgivable to the most limited mind ...
There is nothing to say about the moral character and moral qualities of the hero; this is not a man, but some terrible creature, just a devil, or, more poetically, asmodeus. He systematically hates and persecutes everyone from his kind parents, whom he cannot stand, to frogs, which he cuts with merciless cruelty. Never a single feeling creeps into his cold heart; there is not a trace of any enthusiasm or passion in him ...
[Bazarov] is not a living person, but a caricature, a monster with a tiny head and a gigantic mouth, with a small face and a big nose, and, moreover, the most malicious caricature ...
How does the modern young generation of Mr. Turgenev imagine? He, apparently, is not disposed towards him, he even treats children with hostility; fathers he gives full priority ...
The novel is nothing but a merciless and destructive criticism of the younger generation...
Pavel Petrovich [Kirsanov], a single man ... endlessly immersed in worries about foppery, but an invincible dialectician, strikes Bazarov and his nephew at every step ... "
Some statements from Antonovich's article are written on the board, students are invited to challenge the opinion of the critic.
- "The new work of Mr. Turgenev is extremely unsatisfactory in artistic terms."
- Turgenev "despises and hates his main character with all his heart", and "gives full advantage to his fathers and tries to elevate them ..."
- Bazarov "is completely lost, expresses nonsense and preaches absurdities." Pavel Petrovich "strikes Bazarov at every step."
- Bazarov "hates everyone" ... "not a single feeling creeps into his cold heart."
4. Nikolai Nikolaevich Strakhov- literary critic, author of the article "I. S. Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons"". The article is devoted to the exposure of nihilism as a theory allegedly divorced from Russian life.
The critic believed that Bazarov was the image of a man trying to subjugate the "forces of life" that gave birth to him and dominated him. Therefore, the hero denies love, art, the beauty of nature - these are the forces of life that reconcile a person with the world around him. Bazarov hates reconciliation, he longs for struggle. Strakhov emphasizes the greatness of Bazarov. Turgenev's attitude, according to Strakhov, is the same towards both fathers and children. “This identical measure, this common point of view in Turgenev is human life, in its broadest and fullest meaning.”
Homework.
1. An essay based on Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons".
Sample topics:
1) The meaning of the title of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons".
2) Russian nobility in the image of Turgenev.
3) What is the strength and artistic appeal of Bazarov?
4) What do I like and what do I not accept in Bazarov?
5) “So you deny everything?” (Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.)
6) Attitude towards women of the heroes of the novel.
7) The role of landscape in Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons".
8) "Superfluous people" in the literature of the 19th century and the "new hero" of I. S. Turgenev.
9) Analysis of an episode from the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" (at the choice of students).
2. Biography of the poet F. I. Tyutchev.
3. Reading the poet's poems.
Analysis of Bazarov's behavior at a party. Artwork "Fathers and Sons" and received the best answer
Answer from Alina[guru]
In Maryina, Bazarov is a guest who differs in his democratic appearance from the landlords. And he disagrees with Arkady in the main thing - in the idea of \u200b\u200blife, although at first they are considered friends. But their relationship still cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. Throughout the novel, the subordination of a weak nature to a stronger one is observed: Arkady - Bazarov. But still, Arkady gradually acquired his own opinion and already ceased to blindly repeat after Bazarov the judgments and opinions of the nihilist. In disputes, he does not stand up and expresses his thoughts. One day, their argument came close to a fight.
The difference between the heroes is visible in their behavior in the “empire” of Kirsanov. Bazarov is engaged in work, studying nature, and Arkady is sybaritic, doing nothing. The fact that Bazarov is a man of action is immediately evident from his red bare hand. Yes, indeed, in any situation, in any home, he tries to do business. His main business is the natural sciences, the study of nature and the verification of theoretical discoveries in practice. Passion for science is a typical feature of the cultural life of Russia in the 60s, which means that Bazarov keeps up with the times. Arkady is the complete opposite. He does nothing, none of the serious cases really captivates him. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace, but for Bazarov - not to sit back, work, move.
They have completely different opinions about art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unreasonably. Arkady tries to prove to him the greatness of the poet. Arkady is always neat, tidy, well dressed, he has aristocratic manners. Bazarov, on the other hand, does not consider it necessary to observe the rules of good manners, which are so important in the life of the nobility. This is reflected in all his actions, habits, manners, speeches, appearance.
A major disagreement arose between the "friends" in a conversation about the role of nature in human life. Arkady's resistance to Bazarov's views is already visible here, gradually the "student" is getting out of the power of the "teacher". Bazarov hates many, but Arkady has no enemies. “You, gentle soul, are a weakling,” says Bazarov, realizing that Arkady can no longer be his associate. A “disciple” cannot live without principles. In this he is very close to his liberal father and Pavel Petrovich. But Bazarov appears before us as a man of a new generation, who replaced the "fathers" who were unable to solve the main problems of the era. Arkady is a man belonging to the old generation, the generation of the “fathers”.
Pisarev very accurately assesses the reasons for the disagreements between the “student” and the “teacher”, between Arkady and Bazarov: “Bazarov’s attitude towards his comrade casts a bright streak of light on his character; Bazarov has no friend, because he has not yet met a person who would not give in to him. Bazarov's personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no elements related to it at all.
Arkady wants to be the son of his age and puts on Bazarov's ideas, which definitely cannot grow together with him. He belongs to the category of people who are always guarded and never notice guardianship. Bazarov treats him patronizingly and almost always mockingly, he understands that their paths will diverge.
