Rudyard Kipling fairy tales main idea. Book Just Fairy Tales - Artistic Analysis

Rudyard Kipling
(1865-1936)
"Tales Just Like That"

The lesson is integrated.
"The Structure of the Book"; the concept"Translator".

Target:

Tasks:

§ introduce the biography of R. Kipling;

§ cause: emotional attitude to the read text, cognitive interest;

§ open the mind;

§ consolidate knowledge about the structure of the book;

§ to reveal the content of the concept of "translator";

Lesson form:
Method:
Work form: collective, individual.
Equipment: whiteboard, book fair, crosswords, tablets, video

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Preview:

Rudyard Kipling. Fairy tales just like that

And now we will get acquainted with another wonderful fairy tale by R. Kipling from the series "Fairy tales for no reason", which is called "Where did the Armadillos come from" (Viewing an excerpt from the cartoon "Hedgehog plus a turtle" based on a fairy tale).

Once you shed your skin, you can't put it back on again. - (Kaa)

People certainly need to set traps for other people, and without this they will all be unhappy. - (Mowgli)

Everyone has their own fear. - (Hathi)

The law is like a clinging vine: it grabs everyone and no one can get away from it. - (Baloo)

Money is something that passes from hand to hand and does not get warmer. - (Mowgli)

It is better to be torn apart by animals than killed by people - (Messui's husband)

There are many words in the jungle, the sound of which is at odds with the meaning. - (Bagheera)

All the jungle will think tomorrow the way monkeys think today. - (Bandar Logi)

Grief does not interfere with punishment - (Baloo)

One of the beauties of the Law of the Jungle is that punishment ends all accounts. There are no quibbles after it.

Animals say that man is the weakest and most defenseless of all living creatures and it is unworthy of a hunter to touch him. They also say - and it's true - that cannibals eventually get lousy and their teeth fall out.

Every dog ​​barks in his yard! - (Sherkhan)

Words are the most powerful drug humanity uses.

And the secret that was buried
At the foot of the pyramids
It only consists
What a contractor though he
Respected the law
Lightened Cheops by a million.

The most stupid woman can cope with a smart man, but only the smartest can cope with a fool

What does the Law of the Jungle say? Strike first, then speak up. By your carelessness alone, they recognize you as a person. Be prudent. - (Bagheera)

Brave heart and courteous speech. You will go far with them. - (Kaa)

At least a hundred villagers came running: they stared, chatted, shouted and pointed at Mowgli with their fingers. "How ignorant they are, these people!" said Mowgli to himself. "Only gray monkeys behave like that."

People are people, and their speech is like the speech of frogs in a pond. - (Grey Brother)

The Law of the Jungle taught Mowgli to restrain himself, for life and livelihood depend on it in the jungle. But when the children teased him for not wanting to play with them or flying a kite, or because he did not pronounce a word like that, the mere thought that it was unworthy of a hunter to kill small, defenseless cubs did not allow him to seize and tear them in half.

People kill because they don't hunt, out of idleness, for fun. - (Mowgli)

The people of the Jungle know that one should not rush during meals, because you cannot return the lost time.

The puppy is ready to drown himself, just to bite the moon in the water - (Mowgli)

People are always more willing to eat than run - (Mowgli)

RUDYARD KIPLING (1865-1936) "Once upon a time there was Rudyard Kipling. Just, purr-meow, don't say:" And who is this? "Of course, a writer. And also very famous. For example, he wrote about one my close relative - a cat that walks by itself. And in general, he knew animals, loved and composed many fairy tales about them. Do you remember Riki-Tiki-Tavi, the brave mongoose? And the inquisitive Baby Elephant, who wanted to meet the Crocodile? And the wise bear Baloo the mighty boa constrictor Kaa and the wolf leader Akella? And, of course, you know Mowgli! That's how many wonderful stories Rudyard Kipling wrote for you in his long life. But, by mustache and tail, you don't even suspect how hard his life was when he was a child, when he was the same age as you are now. Well, that is, that Rudyard Kipling is an Englishman, I hope you know. But if you think that he was really born in England, you are deeply You're wrong, because he was born in India Rudyard's dad was a decorative artist, but something went wrong with his work in England, and he went to India. Of course, I took my mother with me. And there Rudyard was born to them. And the first six years of his life he lived in India. By the way, he considered these years the happiest in his life. Father's affairs in India improved, they lived quite richly, and there was a whole crowd of servants in the father's house. All the servants adored little Rudyard. And he loved them, was friends with them, and did not address the servant other than "brother". Well, as is usual with adults, Rudyard's mother was sometimes out of sorts and began to scold the servants. However, often for business. And little Rudyard settled these quarrels, standing up for his friends - laundresses, sweepers of the yard ... And quite successfully.

And how many fairy tales and stories they told him! If you ask in what language they did it, then I will tell you straight: this language was called Urdu, and Rudyard at that time knew it better than English, in which he later wrote his wonderful books ... In general, it was sunny, happy life, full of love and brotherhood. And then Rudyard was six years old, and it was all over! .. Because an English boy at that age began to learn. And it was considered better to study at home, in England. And Rudyard was sent from his beloved sunny India to his native foggy land, to a boarding house, which was supported by one of his relatives. It was then that his great misfortunes began. Because the aunt-relative did not like the nephew from India very much. Somehow he wasn't like that. Dreamer, silly, did everything in his own way, and not as expected. And this strict educator took the most drastic measures in order, as they say, to make a decent person out of an idiot. She was not too lazy to lecture him and pester him with remarks. She struggled with his fantasy, which, you know, she called a lie, with all her not small forces - and succeeded: the cheerful inventor turned into a pale, silent, sad boy. However, at times, he still continued to fantasize. That is, from the point of view of the teacher, "shamelessly lie!" Once, as a punishment for this, she sent him to school, hanging a cardboard sign on his chest, on which it was written in large letters: "LIAR" ... And Rudyard, unable to bear this last humiliation, fell seriously ill. He was blind and nearly lost his mind...

On this, thank God, aunt's "good upbringing" ended: the urgently arrived mother of Rudyard realized what was happening with her boy and took him away from the boarding house. Having recovered, Rudyard studied at a private male school, where there was also enough drill, cramming, and resentment. But he endured. And then he even wrote in one of his stories: he is grateful to the school for preparing him for life and tempering his soul. After all, adult life, I’ll tell you a secret, is also not smeared with honey, and a person should be able to resist misfortunes, try to endure in difficulties and at the same time not be angry at the whole world, but remain kind and sympathetic. Is not it? When Rudyard grew up and became a world-famous writer, the children of the English and Russians, Indians and French began to read his wonderful tales, and adults began to read his stories, poems, stories. What Kipling created for children is unlikely to ever be forgotten.

And, keeping the memory of me, One short moment, Ask about me Only at my own books. R. Kipling "Request"

A translator is a specialist in translations from one language to another.

"The time will come when people will call it the ability to write."

Journey of the Chief A rock inscription from North America tells how a chief named Mayenguk set off on a journey in 5 canoes. The journey lasted 3 days (3 suns under a curved sky). The eagle is a symbol of courage. Other animals are images of good guardian spirits.

Game "We are primitive artists"

Later, people realized that it was much faster and more convenient to write with icons - each icon denoted a word.

Finally, people decided that the easiest, most accurate and most convenient way is for the picture to correspond not to the whole word, but to the spoken sounds of speech. Letters appeared.

How can a modern person convey information? verbal communication from person to person alphabet of gestures drawing written message telephone communication radio communication color signals (colored plates) sound signals light signals (bonfire, signal rocket) semaphore alphabet (signalman with flags on a ship) flags of the international code of signals (on ships) musical alphabet mathematical Morse code formulas, etc.

"Where did the armadillos come from"

Introduction

Reading books is one of my favorite activities. Until recently, I was attracted to the plot. I loved to find myself in unusual situations, mysterious places, overcame difficulties together with the heroes of books, fought for justice, searched for treasures. Growing older, I began to pay attention to the style of sentences, the methods by which the authors achieve the brightness and imagery of plots: epithets, metaphors, comparisons, which abound in the poems of M.Yu. Lermontov, A.S. Pushkin, I. Bunin, S. Yesenin, epics, Russian folk tales.

A fairy tale is a universal genre, covering all the phenomena of the surrounding life and nature. The genre of the Russian fairy tale is characterized by figurativeness, emotionality, accessibility, expressiveness, which manifests itself in phonetics, vocabulary, and syntax.

And on what techniques is the British fairy tale tradition based? How is emotionality and imagery achieved in English fairy tales, when it is well known that the English language is much poorer, reserved and conservative? The animalistic tales of Rudyard Kipling from the collection "Just so stories" were chosen as the object for my research.

The subject of the study is the means of expressiveness of animal images, the features of the construction of sentences, poetics in these fairy tales.

Research hypothesis: after analyzing Kipling's fairy tales from the point of view of style, vocabulary, grammar, I will learn about stylistic devices, means of expressiveness of the English language, which in the future will help me better understand the culture of the people and language, expand my knowledge in learning English.

The purpose of the study: to identify the means of expression in the English language through a linguo-stylistic analysis of R. Kipling's animalistic fairy tales. In accordance with the hypothesis put forward, the subject and purpose of the study, specific tasks were identified:

to characterize the features of the artistic method of R. Kipling;

consider the linguistic and stylistic features of the language of R. Kipling's fairy tales;

identify the features of poetics and the system of images.

The novelty of this work is due to its purpose, objectives and the very choice of research material. For the first time, I turned to the analysis of an English text, in particular, an animalistic fairy tale.

The practical significance of the work lies in expanding knowledge about the culture of the language being studied, deepening knowledge in the field of vocabulary, grammar, word formation. It is determined by the possibility of using the material and results of the study in the further study of English oral folk art.

In accordance with the purpose and objectives of the work, the method of comparative analysis of the original text and its translation was used.

linguistic and stylistic feature of Kipling's fairy tale

Main part

Before proceeding to the analysis of fairy tales, I got acquainted with the work of the writer and found that Kipling began to “invent, present and write down fairy tales in response to the very first “What, Where and Why?” his eldest daughter Josephine. D.M. damage. Preface to the third edition of “Just so stories” .p. 5 Then there were other little listeners (Josephine's friends) and new tales. So there was a whole collection of fairy tales about animals.

Kipling traveled a lot and saw a lot. He knew history, archeology, geography, ethnography, zoology well. Fiction in fairy tales is based on his encyclopedic knowledge, so the descriptions of animals, nature, landscape are very accurate and reliable. The plots of fairy tales are inspired by African folklore, but none of Kipling's fairy tales has anything in common with the animal epic of the peoples of Central and South Africa. Thus, fairy tales are pure fiction, where the author, intertwining fiction with real facts, tells children in an interesting, witty and instructive way about how the world around him arose and developed. Konstantin Paustovsky wrote about R. Kipling this way: “His talent was inexhaustible, his language was precise and rich, his fiction was full of plausibility, all his amazing knowledge, torn from real life, sparkles in abundance on the pages of his books.”

Rudyard Kipling was a wonderful storyteller, an amazing actor. When telling his stories to children, he opened his mouth exactly as Keith did or said “Humph!” the way Camel could pronounce it. Therefore, Josephine asked her father to write down the tales exactly as he told them, without changing a single word. The combination just so occurs repeatedly in the text. Talking about the origin of the alphabet, Kipling insists that it happened exactly like this (it was just so): a curious Baby Elephant is trying to find out why melons tasted just so (why melons tasted just so), etc. This led to the name of the cycle "Just so stories".

Three fairy tales from the cycle were taken for the study:

How the Whale got his throat (How Keith got his throat);

How the Camel got his hump (How the Camel got his hump);

The Elephant's Child (Elephant).

Fairy tales are written in a "lofty style" in an entertaining form, they use a variety of words created by the author - perhaps a comic exaggeration and a change in words heard in India, Africa. Throughout the book, he addresses the reader "O my Best Beloved" (my dear, my dear), which creates an atmosphere of special closeness between the narrator and the listener, between the author and the reader. In addition, as already mentioned, images of animals create special trust and reality. The text testifies to this. For example, talking about Keith, he said: “All the fishes he could find in all the sea he ate with his mouth - so!” (All the fish he could find in the sea, he ate that way), “He swallowed them all down into his warm, dark, inside cupboards and then he smacked his lips -so…” (He swallowed them all into a warm and dark closet , which was called Keith's stomach and smacked his lips like this ....) R. Kipling. “How the Whale got his throat” pp. 30, 32. In the fairy tale about the Elephant “The Elephant's Child” we read: “the Crocodile winked one eye like this” (the crocodile winked with one eye - like this). Kipling even tries imitate the speech of the Baby Elephant when the Crocodile grabbed his nose: "Led go! You are hurtig be!" (Dovoldo. I'm more de god) R. Kipling "The Elephant" s Child "pp. 81,82.

The fairy-tale narration begins with a "beginning" that introduces the listener into the world of the distant past. He emphasizes the unusualness of the situation and thus, as it were, justifies the unusualness of what is described. For example: “Once upon a time” (How the Whale got his throat), “In the beginning of years, when the world was so new-and-all” (How the Camel got his hump), “In the High and Far -Off Times” (The Elephant's Child).

The composition of fairy tales is simple: it is usually built on the triple (or multiple) repetition of the same action. The repetition of action, as a rule, is associated with the repetition of verbal formulas in the form of a dialogue or some kind of remark. For example, in the tale “How the Whale Got His Throat,” the author asks the reader three times not to forget the suspenders (“you must not forget the suspenders”, “Have you forgotten the suspenders?”, “now you know why you were not to forget the suspenders"). Or in the tale “How the Camel Got His Hump” the Camel always says only one word “Humph”, and the Horse, Dog, and Donkey address the Camel three times (“Camel, O Camel, come out and (trot, fetch, plough) like the rest of us”). In the fairy tale "Elephant Baby", the Elephant's politeness is emphasized by the repeated repetition of the politely adverb, and his curiosity - by repeating the question "What does the Crocodile have for dinner?" (What does Crocodile eat for dinner?)

Kipling makes extensive use of retardation (delayed development of the action), which is achieved by the already mentioned method of tripling, as well as by detailing the description. The Baby Elephant Python is depicted as “Bi-Coloured -Python -Rock -Snake” (Bicolor Python, Rock Serpent), and the Crocodile is “yonder self-propelling man-of-war with the armor-plated upper deck” (warship with live propeller and armored deck). The rhythmic organization of speech and the use of consonances and even rhyme creates a special dimension in the narrative. At times it resembles the rhythm of lullabies. In the fairy tale “How the Whale Got His Throat”, the list of fish and marine animals that the Whale ate is written in the form of rhythmic and rhyming prose (the main size is anapest) “ He ate the starfish and the garfish, and the crab and the dab, and the plaice and the dace, and the skate and his mate…. (He ate both bream, and ruff, and beluga, and stellate sturgeon, and herring, and herring aunt ...). We again meet the reception of rhythmic rhyming repetitions in the description of the moment how the Sailor behaved inside the Whale “He stumped and he jumped and he thumped and he bumped and he pranced and he danced and he banged and he clanged, and he hit and he bit…” (he stomped and jumped, pounded and strummed, danced, pranced, thrashed, pounded ...). The fairy tale “Elephant Baby” is filled with rhyming epithets: “scalesome, flailsome tail” (tail like a threshing flail and covered with scales), “musky,tusky mouth” (toothy, fanged mouth), “a mere-smear nose” (tiny nose).

Against the background of a neutral or softly colored familiar-colloquial context, Kipling makes extensive use of two categories of stylistically colored words - children's vocabulary (the so-called nursery words) and literary-bookish vocabulary.

After reading the fairy tales "How the Whale got his throat", "How the Camel got his hump", "The Elephant's Child", I singled out the following children's vocabulary: twirly - whirly (eel loach). This is a children's neologism, formed from verbs to twirl - twist and to whirl - twirl with the help of the suffix -y, which gives the word a pronounced emotional coloring, playful or affectionate, characteristic of children's vocabulary. in the sentence “This man is very nubbly” (this person is not to my taste) is formed from the noun nubble (piece, lump) with the suffix -y Fairy tale “How the Whale got his throat” page 33 Adjective snarly -yarly ( grumbling, creaky), formed from the verb to snarl (to growl, snarl) using the suffix -y and the word yarly invented by Kipling for the rhyme. Fairy tale “How the Camel got his hump” p. , insatiable), scuse me (excuse me) - a truncated childish word from excuse me and hijjus - a childish misuse of the adjective hideous (terrible, cruel). Fairy tale “The Elephant's child” p. 81

To create an unexpected, most often humorous effect, Kipling skillfully intertwines the narrative, which is conducted in a simple colloquial manner, with words that he invents on the model of children's vocabulary, and word-terms, book words and phrases, even archaisms. In the cunning Fish's address to Keith, "Noble and generous Cetacean," Kipling deliberately uses the term Cetacean to give importance and pomposity. Fairy tale “How the Whale got his throat” page 30

The speech of the Python and the Crocodile from the fairy tale about the Baby Elephant abounds with archaisms: “Come hither, Little One”, said the Crocodile” (“Come here, my baby”, “yonder limped stream” (that transparent stream), so the Python speaks of the Limpopo River. The words hither (modern here) and yonder (modern that) are archaisms.

To give fairy tales a special sound and intonation expressiveness, the author actively uses the technique of alliteration (repetition of homogeneous consonant sounds), synonymous rhyming repetition, epithets (figurative definition of the subject). , 394 .. I found the greatest number of alliteration techniques in the fairy tale “The Elephant's Child”, and alliteration is accompanied by epithets and synonymous rhyming repetitions. For example: “the great gray-green, greasy Limpopo River” (sleepy, fetid, muddy green the Limpopo River), “scalesome, flailsome tail”, “musky, tusky mouth”, “sloshy-slushy”, “slushy-squshy”. Thus, neologisms were formed, which later entered the vocabulary of the English language as stable phrases: “a man of infinite-resource-and-sagacity” (a man of infinite wisdom and ingenuity), Fairy tale “How the Whale got his throat” p.32 “black and blue” (1. blue-black, 2. bad mood) Fairy tale “How the Camel got his hump” p. 45, “In the High and Far-Of Times” (in the old days), “crocodile tears” (crocodile tears) Fairy tale “The Elephant's child” p. 80.

From the point of view of grammar, Kipling most often uses past tense verbs, which he also arranges in a rhyming series. For example, in the fairy tale “How the Whale got his throat” we read “He stumped and he jumped and he thumped and he bumped…and he stepped and he lepped”… The word lepped (irregular past tense of the verb to leap (leapt) - “jump” formed by Kipling to rhyme with the word stepped - “to do pa.” In the sentence “I have stopped your ating” -I stopped your throat, the neologism ating is formed using the productive suffix -ing from the past tense form (ate) of the verb to eat for rhyming with the word grating. “By means of a grating, I have stopped your ating.” Tale “How the Whale got his throat” p.35

Conclusion

The British fairy tale tradition is a rich treasury of vivid images, folk humor, extraordinary adventures, and magical events. British fairy tales are carriers of national identity, a kind of generalization of the British spirit and way of thinking. Incorporating folklore and literary material, enriched with borrowings from the culture of other peoples (as Kipling did), fairy tales are a unique synthesis of images, plots, and ideas. It is in fairy-tale works that the author expresses many of his views on the world, art, social relations; it is in fairy tales that the features of the artistic method, the love for colorful, rich descriptions, are fully manifested. I was convinced of this by reading and analyzing the fairy tales of Rudyard Kipling. Mystery and confidence in the narrative is given by the author's oriental appeal to the reader, as well as an indication of the long, long time ago when the event takes place, which in turn fascinates and arouses keen interest in the fairy tale. The repetition of repeated actions or descriptions at first causes a protest, but then you understand that Kipling is "conducting" a conversation with you, "wants" you to fully understand what he wants to say.

I saw the poetics of fairy tales through alliteration, synonymous rhymed repetition, epithets. Children's words, Kipling's original neologisms, which play an expressive and emotional role in the text, and stable phrases give special emotionality and expression to fairy tales. I am sure that Kipling still has a lot of interesting words that develop, enrich the language, a lot of tricks and methods with the help of which a real miracle is created from ordinary letters, words and sentences - a fairy tale.

Literature

Rudyard Kipling. Just so Stories.-M.: Raduga, 2000.- 254

English-Russian dictionary. / Compiled by: V.D. Arakin, Z.S. Vygodskaya - M.: Russian language, 1998. - 848 pages.

Great Britain: Linguistic reference book / A.R.U. Room, G.A. Pasechnik-M.: Russian language, 1978.- 480 pages.

Literature. 8 cells Textbook for educational institutions. At 2 h. Part 2 / ed. V.Ya. Korovina.-M.: Enlightenment, 2008.-339 p.

R.D. Kipling Tales [Text] / R.D. Kipling M.: Children's Literature, 1991.- 59p.

Municipal state-owned special (correctional) educational institution for students, pupils with disabilities "Special (correctional) primary school-kindergarten No. 10" V type

extracurricular reading

Fairy tale by Rudyard Kipling

"Where did the armadillos come from?"

Prepared and hosted:

Novokuznetsk city district

Purpose of the lesson: to acquaint pupils with the work of R. Kipling; broaden the reader's horizons; develop expressive reading, improve reading technique, sense of humor; to instill interest and love for the book; educate respect for books.

Material for the educator

Rudyard Kipling is a poet and prose writer of great talent. An inexhaustible wealth of pictorial means, precise and bold language, vivid imagination, keen observation, extensive and versatile knowledge - all these wonderful properties, combined together, make Kipling a writer belonging to all mankind.

Kipling's jokingly ironic "fairy tales" attract young readers with their original invention, brightness of colors and lively colloquial language. As if answering countless children's questions “why” and “why”, the author tells with sly humor where the elephant’s trunk came from, why the leopard became spotted, how the hump appeared on the camel, why the rhinoceros has a rough skin in folds, why the whale has a narrow throat how the first letter was composed and how the first alphabet was invented, how pets appeared. Answering all these questions, Kipling gives vent to creative imagination and at the same time makes children think about many things.

Kipling's fairy tales are full of funny jokes and jokes. His tales are unexpectedly interrupted by appeals to small listeners. The main text is complemented by cheerful poems and expressive author's illustrations with witty explanations. All of these are part of the same idea.

"Where did the armadillos come from"Decipher the title of the story

1620122151 393313101930 218161561516192429

Answer:"Where did the armadillos come from."

Content Questions

Did you like the fairy tale?

What impression did she make on you?

What was especially memorable?

Where do the events in the story take place? (On Amazon.)

Name the main characters in the story?

Tell us how the hedgehog and the turtle lived?

How did the jaguar spend his time?

Who explained to the jaguar how to catch turtles and hedgehogs?

What advice did the mother give to her son?

Tell us, how did the first meeting of the jaguar with the turtle and the hedgehog take place?

Why didn't the jaguar catch anyone?

Tell us how the animals confused the jaguar?

Did the jaguar try to catch the hedgehog and the turtle again?

How did the hedgehog and the turtle manage to fool the jaguar?

What has the hedgehog learned?

What has the turtle learned?

What question does the story ask us?

What animals did the tortoise and hedgehog turn into?

Kipling wrote an entertaining, interesting fairy tale, but it cannot be recognized as a scientific fact. Why?

Where can we get reliable information and scientific answers to the questions: who are armadillos? What is known about the life of a hedgehog and turtles? (Encyclopedias, reference books.)

Find the heroes of the fairy tale in the table

Horizontally: hedgehog, turtle, armadillo. Vertically: jaguar.

Digital dictation

The teacher reads statements to the children, if the children agree with the statement, put 1 (one), if they do not agree - 0 (zero).

1. The events in the fairy tale take place on the Amazon River.

2. The turtle ate the frogs. (Green salad.)

3. The hedgehog ate snails.

4. The hedgehog was called Angry-Thorn.

5. The turtle was called Hurry. (Slow.)

6. Jaguar was called Painted.

7. The hedgehog is not afraid of water. (Fears.)

8. Mother taught the jaguar to catch turtles and hedgehogs.

9. The turtle pricked the jaguar. (Hedgehog.)

10. The hedgehog learned to curl up. (Turtle.)

11. A hedgehog with a turtle turned into armadillos.
Answers: 101 101 010 01.

Test

2. On what river did the events take place?
a) On the Volga b) On the Amazon

3. What kind of water was in the river?

a) cloudy b) clear

4. Who hunted the turtle and the hedgehog?
a) Leopard b) Jaguar

5. What was the name of the hedgehog?

a) thorn-thorn b) prickly side

6. What was the name of the turtle?

a) Hasty b) Slow

7. What was the name of the Jaguar?

a) Painted b) Clockwork

8. What did the turtle learn?

a) swim b) run

9. What did the hedgehog learn?

a) swim b) run c) jump

10. What did the turtle and hedgehog have after bathing?

a) Scales b) Spines c) Carapace

11. What animals did the hedgehog and the turtle turn into?

a) Jaguars b) Turtles c) Armadillos

Answer: 1 - in; 2 - b; 3 - a; 4 - 6; 5 - a; 6 - in; 7 - a; 8 - in; 9 - a; 10 - a I - c.

Decipher the characters of the fairy tale

I. Cross out all repeated letters and read the word.

Answer: jaguar.

Answer: hedgehog.

2. Match the numbers from the right column with the letters of the left column and read the word.

Answer: turtle.

3. Read only Russian letters.

DBFWRPYOLHNEZQHWOSCYEUцIW

Answer: armadillo

Game: "Guess who said?"

1. “If, son, you find a Hedgehog, rather throw him into the water. Hedgehog
unroll itself in the water. And if you find a Turtle, scratch it out of its shell with your paw.”

2. “I threw another animal into the water. He said his name was Turtle, but I didn't believe him. It turns out that it really was a Turtle. She dived into the water, into the muddy Amazon River, and I never saw her again. And so I was left hungry and I think that we need to move from here to other places. Here in the troubled waters of the Amazon, all the animals are so smart. I can't handle them poor."

3. “After all, if, as you say, I said what she said, what I said, then it turns out that I said what she said. And if you think that she said that you should turn me around with your paw, and not throw me into the water with my shell, I have something to do with it, don't I?

4. “You curl up so well - just like my brothers and sisters. Two holes, you say? Okay, just don't puff so loudly, or the Painted Jaguar will hear. Bolder! When you're done, I'll try to dive in and stay underwater longer. You say it's very easy. The Painted Jaguar will be surprised! But how the shields on your shell moved! Before they were side by side, and now one on top of the other.

Answers: 1. Mom jaguar. 2. Jaguar. 3. Turtle. 4. Hedgehog

Repair the deformed text. Insert missing words

“Darling .., I will tell you again ... about the Distant and Ancient Times. Lived then Zlyuchka-... Hedgehog. He lived on... the river.... he ate snails and different things. And he had..., a Turtle.... who also lived on the muddy Amazon River, ate different varieties and... lettuce. Everything went .... didn’t it, dear boy? ”

Reference words:boy, fairy tale, thorn, muddy, amazon,girlfriend, unhurried, green, good.

Answer:“Dear boy, I will tell you again the tale of Distant and Ancient Times. Lived then Zlyuchka-Prickly Hedgehog. He lived on the muddy Amazon River, ate snails and different kinds. And he had a girlfriend, Slow Turtle, who also lived on the muddy Amazon River, ate different varieties and green salad. Everything was going well, wasn't it, dear boy?"

Book Just Fairy Tales

It is the universal humanity, spilled in this novel by Kipling, as in his other best works, that seems to single out "Kim" from the ideology of this writer and attach him to the flow of high literature.

The same can be said about another amazing creation of Kipling, which appeared in the same years - the book "Just Tales" (1902).

Like many other things in this writer, they were created gradually.

Just Tales is Kipling's most "universal" book. ( This material will help to write correctly and on the topic of the Book Just Fairy Tales. The summary does not make it possible to understand the whole meaning of the work, therefore this material will be useful for a deep understanding of the work of writers and poets, as well as their novels, short stories, stories, plays, poems.) In it, he acted not only as a storyteller and poet, but also as an artist. For the family, this, I think, was not a surprise - after all, he even kept notebooks in a special way: instead of the usual notes, he streaked them with some kind of squiggles resembling hieroglyphs and amusing line drawings. But, of course, this was not known outside the family, and when Kipling also emerged as a strong professional artist who did not escape the influence of Burne-Jones, but was completely original, the public was amazed. Kipling's drawings have since constituted an invariable, organic part of every single edition of Just Tales.

True, calling this collection of Kipling so, one has to follow the tradition of the translation of Chukovsky, who conveyed this title in this way, nothing more. In English, it reads more like "Uncomplicated Stories." However, such "plainness" was only Kipling's power.

In order to write these fairy tales, one had first of all to love children very much. Kipling's sister Trix, married to Mrs. Fleming, recalled that during his walks he struck up a conversation with every child he met. “It was an incomparable joy to watch him when he played with a child, because he himself became a child at that time,” she wrote. As for Just Fairy Tales, she says, it “anticipates any question a child might ask; in illustrations, he takes care of precisely those details that the child expects to see. Children paid him the same unaccountable love. Once, during a sea voyage, a ten-year-old boy, whom his mother could not calm down, rushed to Kipling, sat on his lap and instantly stopped crying. It is easy to understand how Kipling was adored by his own children and nephews. For them, he began to tell stories for the first time, which were later included in the collection Just Fairy Tales. After The Jungle Books, he was no longer afraid to consider himself a children's writer, and the first listeners of his fairy tales confirmed this opinion at every turn. There were stories that Kipling told his daughter Effie (Josephine) in Vermont at bedtime, and when repeated, she would not allow a word to be changed in them. If he missed a phrase or word, she immediately put it in. There were other fairy tales intended for a large children's company - those were constantly twisted until they acquired their final form. In America, the first version of the fairy tale “A cat walking by itself” appeared. It is also known that stories about a rhinoceros, about a camel and about a whale were first told in Brattleboro. The researchers guessed that the last of them was born in America, but the fact that “braces” are indicated there by an American, not an English word, and the stations of Winchester, Ashuelot, Nashua, Kini and Ficeoro, which the whale lists, are railway stations on the road to Brattleboro. When the family left for South Africa in January 1898 for three months, there appeared a tale of a curious baby elephant and possibly a leopard. Returning to England, Kipling created the fairy tale “How the First Letter Was Written”, before a new trip to Africa, “The Crab Who Played with the Sea” was written, and in the first months of 1902, on the Rhodes estate, “The Moth That Stamped His Foot” and reworked "Cats". That is how this book evolved. Each fairy tale was born when it was due. He drew illustrations for the book with great pleasure, also consulting with the children all the time.

Kipling's nephews later told how in his English house "Elms" ("Elms") they were invited to an office, a cozy room with a lantern window, and Uncle Ruddy read to them about a sailor - very resourceful, smart and brave, about his suspenders: " please don't forget your suspenders, my dear." In print, they recalled, "Just Tales" was nothing compared to what they heard. What pleasure they had when Uncle Ruddy told them in his deep, confident voice! There was something ritual about it. Each phrase was pronounced with a certain intonation, always the same, and without it, only one shell remained from them. There were inimitable modulations in his voice, he emphasized certain words, emphasized certain phrases, and all this, according to them, made his reading unforgettable.

In print, "Just Fairy Tales" also remained an outstanding work of literature. And for all their simplicity - not only children's literature. Of course, the word "simplicity" is applicable to them With certain reservations. First of all, it should be noted that the verses accompanying these tales are distinguished by a rare rhythmic and lexical sophistication, and the simplicity that distinguishes the main text of the tales is akin to the simplicity of a fable. These stories are simple because there is nothing superfluous in them.

But the main advantage of these tales is their extraordinary originality. The fairy tale tradition as a whole is distinguished by a certain “continuity”, and not only within the boundaries of any particular country. The common medieval roots of fairy tales are visible at every step, and it is extremely difficult to create something radically new in this area. Kipling, among the few, succeeded. Of course, this can not be said about all his fairy tales. The “crab that played with the sea” directly correlates with the mythological plot outlined in Walter Skeet’s book “Malay Magic” (1900), published a year earlier, and in the fairy tale “Where did the armadillos come from”, he seemed to have subordinated himself to that “logic of the absurd” , which features "Alice in Wonderland! and "Through the Looking-Glass" by Lewis Carroll, whom he loved - he knew both of these books almost by heart.

He was also familiar with Andrew Lang's Myth, Ritual, and Religion (1887), but from it he merely borrowed the names of the gods Nka, Nking, and Nkong in The Tale of the Old Kangaroo. They find small quotations and reminiscences from the Bible and the Koran in Kipling. The Moth That Stamped Its Foot was inspired by one of Robert Browning's poems. Connoisseurs of Eastern literature also talk about the influence that Buddhist legends had on Kipling. But Kipling not only found a new intonation of his own. In most cases, he himself invented the plots of his fairy tales. According to Roger Lanceline Greene, author of the famous book Kipling and the Children (1965), Just Tales gives the impression of something created out of nothing. We are not always even able to understand what kind of clay Kipling fashioned; his figures, and it is impossible not to appreciate the genius with which he breathed life into them. A characteristic feature of his tales, he continues, is, in his opinion, their "highly reliable unimaginability, proven with infallible logic." To this we can add another curious feature of Kipling's fairy tales. With their original ancient basis, they are full of modern details. In this respect, Kipling is reminiscent of Thackeray, in whose fairy tale "The Ring and the Rose" the hero, who lives in unknown times and in non-existent kingdom-states, cleans his boots with Warren's paste and generally does not refuse the benefits of modern civilization available to him.

Elizabeth Nesbit, who in her book A Critical History of Children's Literature (1953) diligently searches for the sources of "Mere Tales", also relates them not to any specific works of folklore, but only to the general spirit of the ancient fairy tale tradition. In her words, “These stories, written in the all-knowing twentieth century, are such a skillful recreation of the original impulses that give rise to so much “why and why” of the world's folklore that it is even hard to believe. Kipling, no worse than our prehistoric ancestor, grasps the main features or internal properties of an elephant and a camel, a leopard, a cat and a moth, and from all this he manages to weave a narrative in which an exhaustive explanation is given to everything shown ... But in any case, this is the same Kipling with with its unique style and flavor. Gilbert Keith Chesterton said something similar about this Kipling book in his review, published a month after its publication. “The special charm of these new Kipling stories,” he wrote, “is that they read not like fairy tales that adults tell children by the fireplace, but like fairy tales that adults told each other at the dawn of mankind. In them, animals appear as they were seen by prehistoric people - not as species and subspecies and a developed scientific system, but as independent creatures marked with originality and folly. The baby elephant is a weirdo with a shoe on his nose; a camel, a zebra, a tortoise - all these are particles of a magical dream, watching which is not at all the same as studying biological species.

Of course, Chesterton forgets that the spirit of European expediency is strong enough in Kipling's fairy tales, and no matter how incredible the way the baby elephant acquired his trunk, the author has no doubt that now he lives better than before. But the reviewer of the first edition of "Just Fairy Tales" rightly noted the author's understanding of the spirit of the most ancient world civilizations.

“Just Tales” is the last of the works of Kipling that have firmly entered the reader's everyday life and are recognized as classics. They were published in October 1902, in other words, more than two months before he was thirty-six years old - in the middle of his life. It can be said that just at this time the creative impulse received by Kipling in India was exhausted. Of course, later he also had successful stories and poems, but only from case to case. When, five years later, the Nobel Committee awarded him the prize for literature, it was given to a writer who had already done almost everything he was capable of - in a novel, in a story, in poetry.

Sources:

Rudyard Kipling Stories. Poetry. Fairy tales / Comp., foreword, comment. Yu. I. Kagarlitsky. - M .: Higher. school, 1989.-383 p.

annotation:

The collection of the remarkable English writer of the late XIX - early XX Rudyard Kipling's claim includes the most significant stories, poems, fairy tales written by him in different years.

The publication is supplied with a preface, a commentary, as well as a dictionary of oriental words found in the works of R. Kipling.

Joseph Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) spent his childhood years in India, where his English father served as an official, and forever fell in love with this country, its nature, its people and culture. He was born in the year when Carroll's Alice in Wonderland was published; I got acquainted with this book very early and knew it almost by heart. Like Carroll, Kipling liked to dispel false ideas and concepts that had ingrained in everyday consciousness.

Kipling's work is one of the most striking neo-romantic trends in English literature. His works show the harsh life and exoticism of the colonies. In his poetry and prose, the writer affirmed the ideal of strength and wisdom. An example of such an ideal for him were people who grew up outside the corrupting influence of civilization, and wild animals. He dispelled the common myth about the magical, luxurious East and created his own fairy tale - about the harsh East, cruel towards the weak; he told the Europeans about the mighty nature, which requires from every creature the tension of all physical and spiritual forces.

For eighteen years, Kipling wrote fairy tales, short stories, ballads for his children and nephews. Two of his cycles gained world fame: the two-volume "The Jungle Book" (1894-1895) and the collection "Just Like That" (1902). Kipling's works invite young readers to reflection and self-education. Until now, English boys memorize his poem "If ..." - the commandment of courage.

In the name "Jungle Books" reflected the desire of the author to create a genre close to the most ancient monuments of literature. The philosophical idea of ​​the two "Jungle Books" comes down to the assertion that the life of wildlife and man is subject to a common law - the struggle for life. The Great Law of the Jungle defines Good and Evil, Love and Hate, Faith and Unbelief. Nature itself, and not man, is the creator of moral precepts (which is why there is no hint of Christian morality in Kipling's works). The main words in the jungle: "You and I are of the same blood ...". The only truth that exists for a writer is living life, not bound by the conventions and lies of civilization. Nature already has the advantage in the eyes of the writer that it is immortal, while even the most beautiful human creations sooner or later turn to dust (monkeys frolic and snakes crawl on the ruins of a once luxurious city). Only fire and weapons can make Mowgli the strongest in the jungle.

The writer was aware of real cases when children were raised in a pack of wolves or monkeys: these children could no longer become real people. And yet he creates a literary myth about Mowgli, the adopted son of wolves, who lives according to the laws of the jungle and remains a man. Having matured and matured, Mowgli leaves the jungle, because he, a man armed with animal wisdom and fire, has no equal, and in the jungle the ethics of hunting presuppose a fair fight for worthy opponents.

The two-volume "The Jungle Book" is a cycle of short stories interspersed with poetic inserts. Not all short stories tell about Mowgli, some of them have independent plots, for example, the short story-tale "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi".

Kipling settled his many heroes in the wilds of Central India. The author's fiction is based on many reliable scientific facts, the study of which the writer devoted a lot of time. The realism of the depiction of nature is consistent with its romantic idealization.

Another "children's" book of the writer, which received wide popularity, is a collection of fairy tales, called by him "Just" (you can also translate “Just fairy tales”, “Simple stories”). Kipling was fascinated by the folk art of India, and his tales organically combine the literary skill of the "white" writer and the powerful expressiveness of Indian folklore. In these fairy tales there is something from ancient legends - from those legends in which adults also believed at the dawn of mankind. The main characters are animals, with their own characters, quirks, weaknesses and virtues; they look not like people, but like themselves - not yet tamed, not painted according to classes and types.

The little reader seems to be invited to consider what else could be done to avoid bad consequences. Because of his curiosity, the baby elephant forever remained with a long nose. The Rhino's skin was in folds - due to the fact that he ate a man's pie. Behind a small oversight or guilt - an irreparable great consequence. However, it does not spoil life in the future, if not to lose heart.

Each animal and person exists in fairy tales in the singular (after all, they are not yet representatives of the species), so their behavior is explained by the characteristics of each individual. And the hierarchy of animals and people is built according to their ingenuity and intelligence.

The stories themselves are witty and instructive.

To present the world differently than you know it - this alone requires the reader to have a vivid imagination and freedom of thought. Camel without a hump. A rhinoceros with a smooth skin fastened with three buttons, a baby elephant with a short nose, a leopard without spots on the skin, a turtle in a shell with laces. Kipling's fairy tale land is like a child's game with its lively mobility.

Kipling was a talented draftsman, and he drew the best illustrations for his own fairy tales.

In the early 1920s, fairy tales and poems by R. Kipling were translated by K. Chukovsky and S. Marshak. These translations make up the majority of his works published in our country for children.