Biography by dates. Biography of Pushkin by dates: briefly the most important things

1821– born on October 30 (November 11) in Moscow, in the family of a doctor at the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor. I spent my childhood on Novaya Bozhedomka.

1837- death of mother Maria Fedorovna.

1838 –1843– study at the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School.

1839- sudden death of father Mikhail Andreevich.

1843–1844– service in the drawing room of the engineering building at the St. Petersburg engineering team.

1844– retirement, beginning of literary activity.

1846- novel "Poor people". Extraordinary success. Positive feedback from Nekrasov and Belinsky. For the first time in the novel, images, themes and problems arise that will pass through all the writer's work (the image of St. Petersburg, the image of a "little" person, the theme of the psychological duality of the human personality. This theme continues in the works of the 40s: "Double", "Mr. Prokharchin" (1846), “White Nights” (1848), “Netochka Nezvanova” (1846–1849).

1847– becomes a member of M.V. Petrashevsky’s circle.
April-June - Dostoevsky's feuilletons "Petersburg Chronicle" are published in "Saint-Petersburg Vedomosti".

1848- September-October - at a meeting with Petrashevsky, Dostoevsky reads excerpts from "Poor People".
December- The story “White Nights” was published in Otechestvennye zapiski. Secret agent P. D. Antonelli begins surveillance of the Petrashevites; Dostoevsky becomes close to N. A. Speshnev.

1849 April 15 - Dostoevsky reads an illegal "Letter from Belinsky to Gogol" at a meeting with Petrashevsky.
April 23, 4 o'clock in the morning - along with other members of the circle, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Alekseevsky ravelin of the Peter and Paul Fortress. Eight months of investigation and the verdict of the military court was the death penalty.
December 22- waiting on the Semyonovsky parade ground for the sentence to be carried out. Replacing the death penalty with 4 years of hard labor.
December 25- the path in shackles to Siberia. Meeting in Tobolsk with the wives of the Decembrists.

1850–1854- years of hard labor in the Omsk prison.

1854–1859– service as a private in Semipalatinsk.

1859- resignation and return to St. Petersburg. Resumption of literary activity. The stories "Uncle's Dream", "The Village of Stepanchikovo and its Inhabitants".

1860 end of January – a two-volume collected works was published.
Spring- Becomes a regular visitor to A.P. Milyukov’s circle at the Svetoch magazine.
14th of April- participates in the play “The Inspector General” in favor of the Literary Fund in the role of postmaster Shpekin.

1861– January – the first issue of the magazine “Time” is published, where the publication of the novel “Humiliated and Insulted” begins. Dostoevsky participates in literary readings in favor of Sunday schools.
February 19 – The Manifesto for the Liberation of the Peasants was signed.
April– “Time” begins publication of “Notes from the House of the Dead.”

1861–1865- publication, together with his brother, of the magazine "Time" (1861–1863), and after its ban - the magazine "Epoch" (1864–1865).

1860–1880– creation of major works:
"Crime and Punishment" (1866)
"The Idiot" (1868)
"Demons" (1871–1872)
"Teenager" (1875)
"The Brothers Karamazov" (1879–1880).

1873–1881– “A Writer’s Diary” is published in the magazine “Citizen”, edited by Dostoevsky until 1874.

1880- opening of the “Book Trade of F. M. Dostoevsky”.
June 8– meeting of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. Dostoevsky gives a speech about Pushkin. A call to unite the warring party of Russian society and work together in the "native field".

1881 January 28 (February 9) – death of the writer in St. Petersburg. He was buried at the Tikhvin Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky- Russian prose writer, thinker and publicist, who in his work raised the most important problems of spiritual life and expanded the boundaries of a realistic depiction of a person. Dostoevsky's attention was focused on the theme of the struggle between "God and the Devil" in the human soul, for the artistic recreation of which he developed new methods of psychological analysis. The writer himself called his creative style “fantastic realism.”

Life of F. Dostoevsky in dates and facts

1837- entered the St. Petersburg Engineering School. In the same year, the writer's mother died, and two years later, under mysterious circumstances, his father passed away. After their death, Dostoevsky renounced the right to inherit land and serfs.

1843- completed a full course of study in the highest officer class and was enrolled in the engineering corps at the St. Petersburg engineering team, but the very next year he left military service and devoted himself to literary creativity.

1845- debuted as a novel "Poor people", which was highly praised in literary circles.

1846- met M. Petrashevsky, a follower of the teachings of the French utopian philosopher C. Fourier, and became part of a secret political circle, whose members set themselves the goal of carrying out a “coup in Russia” and were engaged in the distribution of illegal propaganda literature.

April 23, 1849- for participation in the activities of this circle, Dostoevsky was arrested and sentenced to death as “one of the most important” conspirators.

December 22, 1849- in St. Petersburg, a staged procedure was held to replace the execution of the “rebels” with a less severe sentence: a minute before the execution, the writer and his comrades were announced that they were sentenced to four years of hard labor with further military service. The period of punishment, which lasted ten years, enriched Dostoevsky with invaluable spiritual and life experience, which subsequently fed all his work. Immediate impressions of his time in hard labor were reflected in his famous "Notes from the House of the Dead"(1862).

1857— the wedding of F. Dostoevsky and M. Isaeva took place. This marriage turned out to be unhappy and ended with the death of Isaeva in 1864.

1859- thanks to the efforts of friends, the writer got the opportunity to return to St. Petersburg and again engage in literary activity.

First half of the 1860s — together with his brother Mikhail, he published the magazines “Time” (1861-1863) and “Epoch” (1864-1865). Journalistic work not only gave impetus to the development of the journalistic talent of the writer, but also inspired him to create novels "with a sequel" that could be published in parts in periodicals. The first such work was the novel "Humiliated and Offended"(1861).

1864- a “paradox story” appeared "Notes from the Underground", in which for the first time the type of “underground man” that was significant for Dostoevsky’s work appeared. In the same year, the writer’s elder brother, whose debts he took upon himself, died. Material from the site

1866- Dostoevsky married his secretary-stenographer A. Snitkina, who became a faithful companion until the end of his life. Dated the same year "Crime and Punishment"- the first in his top five novels, which also includes novels "Idiot"(1868), "Demons" (1872), "Teenager"(1875) and "The Brothers Karamazov"(1879-1880).

During 1876 -1878.— published his monthly "A Writer's Diary", in which he acted as a philosopher, moralist and preacher.

1880— at a meeting of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, I read Pushkin’s speech, which became a striking event in the cultural life of the country.

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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is a great Russian poet, writer, playwright, author of immortal poems, verses and fairy tales. Few people have not heard of this name; we have known the name of Pushkin since childhood. But few people are interested in the personal life and development of the poet’s work. In the article we will highlight the main facts from his biography, outline his creative path, presenting to your attention a brief biography of Pushkin by date.

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Early years: origins and childhood

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born on May 26 (June 6), 1799 in Moscow. The poet's family belonged to an untitled noble family. Alexander's ancestors were aristocrats, people who served their homeland honestly and proudly. The poet's grandfather was a colonel, his father was a wit. My maternal great-grandfather was an African, the famous “Arap” Hannibal, who served at the court of Peter I.

Summer time of childhood from 1805 to 1810 the poet spent his years with his grandmother in the village of Zakharov. The grandmother hired a nanny for the boy - Arina Rodionovna, whom the child loved so much. The childhood impressions received over the years are reflected in the writer’s work. He dedicated many of his works to Arina Rodionovna and was strongly attached to her.

Education

In 1811, the poet entered the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where his creative literary gift manifested itself. During his years of study, Pushkin established close contacts with famous writers Vyazemsky, Turgenev, Karamzin.

The poet’s first publications came in 1814, when his poem “To a Poet Friend” was published in the journal “Bulletin of Europe”. At the same time, the writer was accepted in absentia as a member of a literary club called “Arzamas”.

In 1817, Alexander graduated from the Lyceum and graduated with the rank of 12th grade secretary. After graduation, the poet moved to St. Petersburg, rather than returning to Moscow. In St. Petersburg he entered the service to the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, where the writer acted as an active participant in the meetings.

Creativity Pushkin

In 1819, Pushkin was accepted into the Green Lamp literary and theatrical society. Around the same period - 1829, the poet began to actively work on writing the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”.

In 1821, the poem “Prisoner of the Caucasus” was born. The poem allowed Pushkin to become the greatest writer among his contemporaries. The famous poem “Eugene Onegin” was written between 1823 and 1832. During two years of exile in Mikhailovsky (1824–1826) the writer wrote about a hundred works. Among them are “I Remember a Wonderful Moment...”, “Gypsies”, “Boris Godunov”.

In 1831, the poet was forced to leave for the Boldino estate due to the announced quarantine. The most famous and most fruitful segment of his writing - Boldin autumn is reflected in the works of the poet "The Captain's Daughter", "Dubrovsky", "Belkin's Tales" and many others. Many works were written here, both in prose and poetry.

In 1832, the poet began writing on the novel “Dubrovsky”. Without completing what he has written, the writer switches to the topic of Pugachevism. He studies all available sources of information, extracts classified information, searches for little-known facts. And already in the fall of 1833, Pushkin began writing “The History of Pugachev” and “Songs of the Western Slavs”. At the same fruitful time, Alexander Sergeevich wrote the poems “The Bronze Horseman”, “The Queen of Spades”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “Angelo”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”. At this time, the poet drew inspiration from Byron, about whom he literally went crazy.

In 1836, the poet’s last creative cycle began, called “Kamenoostrovsky”. This includes his works entitled “Monument”, “Worldly Power”, “Desert Fathers and Immaculate Wives”, “How it fell from a tree...”.

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Political works of Pushkin 1817–1820 years aroused the wrath of Emperor Alexander I. These works include “To Chaadaev”, “Liberty”, “Village”. The writer was threatened with exile to Siberia, and only thanks to the efforts of Karamzin, Krylov and Zhukovsky this was avoided. IN 1820 the poet was sent to Feodosia to improve his health. Impressions of this place are reflected in the work “Eugene Onegin”.

In one of his letters addressed to a friend of Pushkin, he spoke ironically about religion. The letter was intercepted and reported to Alexander I. Pushkin was fired from service and sent into exile in the village of Mikhailovskoye, where the poet stayed from 1824 to 1826 year. In Mikhailovskoye, the poet continues his work on “Eugene Onegin” and “Dubrovsky” and writes poems. There, in Mikhailovskoye, the writer learns about the uprising of his friends, the Decembrists, and about their exile to Siberia.

In September 1826, Nicholas I summoned the writer to Moscow, freedom was restored. However, this did not last long. Already in 1828 A decree was issued by the State Council to establish supervision over Pushkin. Soon the poet himself left for the Caucasus, where his comrades served.

Personal life

IN 1828 Pushkin met Natalya Goncharova at a ball, and a year later he asked for her hand in marriage. However, the girl’s mother considered that her sixteen-year-old daughter was still too young to get married and the proposal was rejected. In 1830, the poet again wooed Natalia, and this time the proposal is accepted. The engagement took place in 1830, the wedding took place in 1831 -m. It is noteworthy that the expectation of marrying Natalya coincided with the period of the Boldin autumn - the most fruitful period of his work.

Soon after the wedding, Alexander Sergeevich wrote to his friend Pletnev in a letter about how happy he was and about the feeling as if after rebirth.

The couple initially decided to settle in Tsarskoe Selo and for some time lived alone, meeting only with close friends. Alexander and Natalya lived together in marriage until the death of the poet. The marriage produced 4 children: Alexander, Natalya, Maria and Gregory.

The last years of the poet's life

After Pushkin leaves the service and resigns, his financial situation deteriorates sharply. The situation is aggravated by the fact that many of the writer’s works are not allowed for publication due to censorship restrictions (for example, “The Bronze Horseman”). The poet finishes “The Queen of Spades” in 1834 and receives a large fee for it, however, it is not possible to solve financial problems.

In order to somehow improve your financial situation in 1836 year, the writer decides to publish his own magazine called Sovremennik, which is not popular with the public. The novel “The Captain's Daughter” was published in the fourth edition of Sovremennik.

The poet's death occurred on January 29 (February 10, old style) in 1837 in a duel with Georges Dantes. Pushkin was fatally wounded in the stomach and died. Having learned about the death of the writer, Emperor Nicholas I promised to provide for his family and pay off all the writer’s debts, which was subsequently fulfilled.

The most famous works of the writer

• Poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila” 1820;
• drama "Boris Godunov" 1825;
• novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” 1831;
• novel "Dubrovsky" 1833;
• story “The Queen of Spades” 1834;
• novel "The Captain's Daughter" 1836.

In addition to novels and stories for adults, Pushkin also wrote for children. Basically these are fairy tales known to any child:

• The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish;
• The Tale of Tsar Saltan;
• the tale of the dead princess and the seven heroes.

• Alexander Pushkin remembered himself from the age of four.
• The first meeting of the poet and Emperor Alexander I took place interestingly. As a child, Pushkin decided to take a walk and almost fell under the emperor’s wheels.
• In school classes, the poet did not shine with good knowledge and grades, and was among the lagging students. However, this did not stop him from becoming a polyglot. The writer knew several languages: French, German, Spanish, Greek, Latin.
• The poet began writing poetry early. At the age of 8 he could write complex large epigrams in a foreign language.
• Alexander Sergeevich’s brother noted a certain peculiarity in his behavior: if the poet’s interlocutor was interesting, then he himself acquired excitement and interest. If the conversation was boring, the writer himself became unbearably boring.
• There were 90 duels in the poet’s life, and he started most of them himself. Often the causes of conflicts were unimportant trifles.
• Pushkin was known as a gambling man; he was always surrounded by gambling debts. If there was a long-term debt to creditors, the poet sent them cartoons and angry poems. This behavior often became the cause of public scandals.
• The poet was not distinguished by external beauty, however, he had the talent to be loving. He looked attractive in the eyes of women due to his eloquence and charm.

Chronological table of Turgenev's life and work outlined in this article.

Ivan Turgenev chronological table

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev- Russian realist writer, poet, publicist, playwright, translator, one of the classics of Russian literature.

Turgenev's chronological table is briefly outlined in this article, but you can expand it yourself.

In 1821, the popular Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky was born. He spent his youth in a large noble family. His father was a strict man. Everything in the house was adjusted to the father. In 1837, Dostoevsky’s mother and Alexander Pushkin, who meant a lot to young Fyodor, suddenly passed away.

After this, Fyodor Dostoevsky begins to live in St. Petersburg. There he enters engineering school. At that time it was considered one of the best educational institutions in Russia. This was also indicated by the fact that among Dostoevsky’s classmates there were many talented people who became famous in the future. During his studies, he also read numerous works, including foreign authors. He preferred reading to the noisy company of his classmates. This was one of his favorite activities. Many contemporaries were surprised at Fyodor Mikhailovich’s erudition.

In 1844, Dostoevsky begins his long career as a writer. One of his first serious creations was Poor People. This novel was positively assessed by critics and brings fame to its creator. After 5 years, a turning point occurs in the writer’s life. He is sentenced to hard labor. The writer comprehends many things in a new way.

Around 1860, Dostoevsky began to write a huge number of works. He published a two-volume collection of his works. Contemporaries did not appreciate Dostoevsky's works, although modern critics highly appreciated his work.

Dostoevsky's texts literally stunned readers who had never personally experienced hard labor.

In 1861. The Dostoevsky brothers began creating their own magazine, which was called “Time”.

Dostoevsky died in 1881 from bronchitis and tuberculosis. The great writer passed away at the age of 59.

Option 2

On November 11, 1821, the great classic, writer and thinker Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was born. Since childhood, the future writer suffered from epilepsy. There were 7 children in the family, Fedor was born second, he had 3 brothers and 3 sisters. Mother Maria Feodorovna dies of tuberculosis in 1837. After her death, her father sent his two children Fyodor and Mikhail to study at the St. Petersburg School with a military engineering profile. In 1839 the father dies.

From a young age, the future classic was interested in writing, constantly reading the works of Pushkin, Shakespeare, Lermontov, Schiller, Corneille, Gogol, Balzac, Gogol. In 1843, Fyodor Mikhailovich was so impressed by the work “Eugene Grande” by O. Balzac that he undertook its translation.

The years 1844-1845 are considered to be the beginning of the writer’s creative career. The work “Poor People” is the writer’s very first work. After the publication of the novel, the writer gained fame and popularity. Belinsky V.G. and Nekrasov N.A. highly appreciated the work of the novice writer.

The second work of Fyodor Mikhailovich, work on which lasted from 1845 to 1846, is the story “The Double,” which was subjected to severe criticism by many writers, as well as readers of the literary magazine. At the beginning of his creative career, all of the writer’s works were published only in his brother’s magazine.

The year 1849 becomes a crisis year for the writer; he was sentenced by the court for participating in a circle with a revolutionary mood. Soon the punishment was replaced by hard labor for a period of 4 years in the Omsk fortress. After the end of his punishment, the writer is sent to military service as a soldier. After the events he experienced at hard labor and during his service, the young writer’s worldview completely changed, he became more devout. While serving, the writer meets Maria Isaeva, the wife of a former official, and a romance begins between them. After the death of her husband, Maria married Fyodor Mikhailovich in 1857. Soon the young family moved to live in the city of St. Petersburg to work with his brother Mikhail in the magazines “Time” and “Epoch”.

The year 1864 becomes very tragic for the classic, his wife and brother die. After these losses, Fyodor Mikhailovich begins to play roulette and accumulates numerous debts. During this difficult period of his life, he worked on the novel “Crime and Punishment”, then on the novel “The Player”, for which he hired stenographer Anna Sinitkina, who soon became his wife.

The second wife Anna was 25 years younger than her husband. After the wedding, he entrusted her with all his financial affairs. In their marriage they had 4 children. In 1869, the writer finished working on the novel “The Idiot”; in one of Prince Myshkin’s monologues, previously experienced emotions before his execution are displayed. The period from 1871 to 1881 is considered the most fruitful for the writer’s work; he wrote the following works: “A Writer’s Diary”, “Bobok”, “Teenager”, “The Dream of a Funny Man”, “The Collapse of Baimakov’s Office”, “The Brothers Karamazov” and others.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky is a great writer, classic of literature, philosopher, innovator, thinker, publicist, translator, representative of personalism and romanticism.

Born on October 30, 1821 in Moscow at the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor of the Moscow Orphanage. Father is a writer, mother Maria Nechaeva is the daughter of a merchant. We lived in the specified hospital.

The family had a patriarchal life, everything was according to the will and order of the father. The boy was raised by his nanny Alena Frolova, whom he loved and mentioned in the novel “Demons.”

The writer was taught literature by his parents from childhood. By the age of 10 he knew history, and by the age of 4 he was already reading. Father put a lot of effort into Fedor's education.

1834 entered one of the best educational institutions in Moscow. At the age of 16 he moved to St. Petersburg to enter the Main Engineering School. During this period I decided to become a writer.

1843 becomes a second lieutenant engineer, but soon resigns and goes into literature.

During his studies (1840-1842), he began his dramas “Maria Steward” and “Boris Godunov”; in 1844 he finished the drama “Jew Yankel” and at the same time translated foreign novels and wrote “Poor People”. Thanks to his works, Dostoevsky becomes famous and enters the circle of other popular writers.

Delves into different genres: the humorous “Novel in 9 Letters”, the essay “Petersburg Chronicles”, the tragedies “Someone else’s Wife” and “Jealous Husband”, the Christmas poem “Christmas Trees and Wedding”, the stories “The Mistress”, “Weak Heart” and many others .

On November 13, 1849, he was sentenced to execution for supporting Belinsky’s literature, after which he was exchanged for 4 years and military service, while he survived a mock execution. While in hard labor he continued to create his masterpieces in secret.

1854 sent to the service, where he met Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva and got married in 1957. In the same year he was pardoned.

The marriage with Isaeva lasted 7 years, there were no children. With his second wife Anna Grigorievna, 4 children were born.

01/28/1881 died of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis. Buried in St. Petersburg.

Biography of Dostoevsky by dates and interesting facts

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was born in 1821 in Moscow. In the family of a doctor at a clinic for the poor, Mikhail Andreevich, who later received the title of nobleman. Mom's name was Maria Fedorovna. They had six children. At the age of 16, Fedor and his older brother entered a preparatory boarding house in St. Petersburg.

At the end of 1843, he served as a sub-lieutenant in the engineering team, and a year later he resigned and devoted his time entirely to literature.

The first novel to be written was “Poor People,” which was published in 1845 and was a significant success.

Afterwards, Dostoevsky participated in an underground printing house. He was arrested in 1849 and all his archives were destroyed. Dostoevsky expected execution, but Nicholas I replaced the punishment with 4 years of hard labor.

In 1857, Fedor married the widow Isaeva.

He released comedy stories: “Uncle’s Dream” and “The Village of Stepanchikovo and Its Residents.”

1863, dramatic novels “The Gambler” and “The Idiot” were published.

In 1864 his wife died.

In 1866, he worked on the love story “Crime and Punishment” and Dostoevsky’s second wedding.

In the last years of his life, he was elected member of correspondence of the Academy of Sciences.

In 1878, Dostoevsky's beloved son died.

The latest work is “The Brothers Karamazov”.

The famous writer died in early 1881.

Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important.

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