What will happen on August 8th. Holidays and events in August
Signal Corps Day was established by Presidential Decree of February 1, 2000. It was on this day, August 8, 1920, in Kyiv, on the basis of the former Konstantinovsky Junker Military School, that the training of signalmen began at the second Kyiv military engineering courses. With the beginning of Ukraine's independence on January 3, 1992, the communications department of the Red Banner Kiev Military District took over the management of the system and communications troops of the Kyiv, Carpathian, Odessa military districts, and later - the communications troops of the Air Force and Air Defense Forces. This is where the formation of the Communications Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces in our state began. Now signal troops are special troops designed to provide communications and command and control of the Armed Forces, its technical basis, and signal soldiers are part of all branches of the military. Today, the specialty of a military communications operator is one of the most in demand in the war zone in eastern Ukraine.
Events of the day:
On this day, in 2008, after shelling of Georgian villages, the Georgian armed forces declared their intention to “restore constitutional order” in the territory of South Ossetia and, as a result of the fighting, occupied most of Tskhinvali. However, Russia did not want to accept the defeat of the pro-Russian separatists, and the Kremlin intervened in this internal conflict. Russian state media accused Georgia of deliberately shelling Tskhinvali. Even the day before, on August 7, the Russian Federation began to transfer troops to the conflict zone. During the direct land invasion of Georgia by the Russian army, Russian tank brigades went beyond the borders of unrecognized South Ossetia and reached the Kodori Gorge. Russia bombed Georgian cities, military bases and civilian infrastructure and deployed its naval forces. At the same time, the Russians occupied the main port of Georgia - Poti, and destroyed all Georgian boats and ships in the roadstead that had military designations, including border guard ships. Given the direct invasion of Russia, Tbilisi announced the withdrawal of troops from Tskhinvali and a unilateral ceasefire. On August 12, a truce plan proposed by the European Union was signed, the main points of which were a final ceasefire and the return of troops to their bases by the parties to the conflict. Despite this, Russian troops actively advanced deeper into Georgian territory - the cities of Gori, Senaki, Poti were occupied, and the strategic road connecting western and eastern Georgia was cut. According to official Georgian data, 413 people were killed on the Georgian side in the conflict. Among them: 177 military, 16 police and 220 civilians, 2,234 people were injured. After the occupation of part of Georgia, the parties finally reached an agreement on a ceasefire with the participation of international mediators. According to the agreements reached, the withdrawal of Russian troops from Georgian territory should be completed by October 1, 2008, but the Russians remain on the territory of the self-proclaimed republics to this day. Over the years, Russia has significantly strengthened its military bases illegally located in the occupied regions of Georgia and increased the number of military personnel and heavy offensive weapons.
Anniversaries of the day:
130 years since birth Vladimir Petrovich Zatonsky (1888-1938), Ukrainian party and statesman, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Father of Dmitry Zatonsky (Ukrainian literary critic, academician). One of the leaders of the Kyiv October uprising of 1917, a member of the first Ukrainian Soviet government, one of the organizers of the Communist Party (b)U. In 1918 - Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Soviet Ukraine. After the civil war (1922-1923 and 1933-1938 (appointed after Skrypnik’s suicide)) - People’s Commissar of Education of the Ukrainian SSR. Zatonsky contributed to the unjustified change of Ukrainian spelling in 1933, and approved repressions against “ideologically unrestrained” educators. At the same time, he had a negative attitude towards manifestations of great-power chauvinism, and was a supporter of Soviet, not Russian, centrism. In November 1937 he was arrested, and on July 29, 1938 he was shot (along with his wife).
99 years since birth Dino De Laurentiis (1919-2010), the legendary Italian producer, one of the most outstanding film producers of post-war cinema. He collaborated with the most famous film directors of the twentieth century - Federico Fellini, Luchino Visconti, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Ingmar Bergman, Michelangelo Antonioni, Jean-Luc Godard, Milos Forman, David Lynch. In the USA, he produced the famous thrillers and blockbusters “Serpico”, “Three Days of the Condor”, “King Kong”, and directed the film adaptations of many Stephen King novels. In total, he produced more than 150 American and European films, and participated in the production of almost 500 films. He earned millions from low-budget masterpieces and went broke on pretentious blockbusters, stood at the origins of Italian neorealism and poured considerable funds into Hollywood cinema. Laurentiis had a great talent for finding big money and directing it where it was needed. He made friends with disreputable Sicilian businessmen and dark pasts, and respectable New York bankers, with left and right, even with Russian communists, carrying out several joint projects in the Soviet Union in the early 70s (Bondarchuk’s Waterloo and The Incredibles adventures of Italians in Russia" Ryazanov). “Dino is a little... a little naive. Sometimes he doesn’t know what he’s getting himself into, but the fact is that nothing sticks to him...”, one of his friends said about Laurentiis. And indeed: some film producers were not spared by legal red tape and accusations of connections with the mafia. De Laurentiis happily avoided this sad fate, but in 2001, at the Oscars, he received the Irwin Thalberg Award, the world's most prestigious award for a producer.
81 year since birth Dustin Hoffman (1937), American film actor and producer of Jewish origin. Starred in the films: “Kramer vs. Kramer”, “Rain Man” (Oscar Award), “Midnight Cowboy”, “All the President’s Troop”, “Tootsie”, “Flash”. Goffman always emphasizes his Jewish origin, remembering that his grandfather and grandmother - Kyiv (or Belaya Tserkov) Jews - were shot by the Bolsheviks in front of their children. Subsequently, Goffman's parents emigrated to the United States, took root there, and Dustin was born there. According to Hoffmann's recollections, his parents were not very religious people, he recalled that “there are no memories from childhood of celebrating any Jewish religious holidays,” and he “realized” that he was a Jew “at the age of 10,” but “I always felt like a Jew. This is a gut feeling. I feel like I'm a Russian Romanian Jew... and I love hominy and I also love borscht and vodka. Also, it seems to me that this specific humor that I have always felt inclined to, and which is difficult to define in any other way - I have a Jewish sense of humor.” Dustin Hoffman studied at the Los Angeles Conservatory, the New York Actors Studio, and the Playhouse School of Dramatic Arts in Pasadena. He started his career on Broadway. He made his film debut in 1967. He gained worldwide fame in the 70-80s, after the release of the films “Kramer vs. Kramer”, “Tootsie”, “Midnight Cowboy”. The actor was married twice, is the father of 6 children and the grandfather of two grandchildren. He is an ardent liberal, regrets not becoming a jazz musician, criticizes Hollywood, loves to tell jokes and adores Johnny Depp because he does what he pleases and does not try to be a star. He also hates looking at old photographs of himself. “Some people call it memories, but for me it was always like a big punch in the gut,” Hoffman says.
Death anniversary:
On this day in 1949, the famous Ukrainian athlete, professional wrestler died in Kuban Ivan Maksimovich Poddubny (1871-1949). A peasant from the Cherkasy region became the world champion 6 times in a row. For forty years of performances, Poddubny has not lost a single championship and received worldwide recognition as the “champion of champions.” He began his career as a wrestler in the circus, and then began professional wrestling. His performances made audiences in Paris and Milan, Frankfurt, New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Los Angeles go wild. In total, Poddubny performed in 14 countries. The athlete tried to stay away from politics all his life. After the Bolshevik revolution, he did not support either the whites, the reds, or the greens - instead, he traveled around the cities and delighted the public with his extraordinary abilities. But he could not resist during the passport process of 1932-1933, when “Poddubny” was written in his passport, and “Russian” was written in the nationality column. This outraged him and he appealed to various Soviet authorities to have his last name and nationality spelled correctly. But he was politely refused. Then the wrestler himself corrected “o” to “i”, and “Russian” to “Ukrainian”. For which he ended up in the dungeons of the NKVD in Rostov-on-Don in 1937 under the article “anti-Soviet agitation and Ukrainian nationalism.” In prison, the athlete was subjected to torture - the scars on his body from the soldering iron remained for the rest of his life. “I went to hell with the devils for my tongue and for my passport. But it’s okay, I’m a wrestler, a world champion, and not a sprat on two legs,” Poddubny joked sadly. He spent several weeks in the NKVD, and then he was released. It was rumored that one of the officials stood up for him. Poddubny was arrested for the second time after the war. This time for cooperation with the Germans. Poddubny did not evacuate from Yeisk (Kuban), where he lived before the war. When asked why he didn’t leave, he answered: “Where to run? Dying soon." The Nazis treated the world champion with respect, even allowing him to wear the Order of the Red Banner of Labor; gave out food. He worked in a billiard room and from time to time threw drunken Germans out into the street by their collars. The latter were not offended. Retreating, they offered to leave for Germany, but he refused. Poddubny was soon released from the NKVD prison. Again due to lack of evidence. The famous athlete lived out his century in Yeisk in terrible poverty. There wasn’t enough money even for bread, so he was forced to sell his medals.
The history of the world, and in particular Russia, is reflected on this page in the form of the most significant events, turning points, discoveries and inventions, wars and the emergence of new countries, turning points and cardinal decisions that took place over many centuries. Here you will get acquainted with outstanding people of the world, politicians and rulers, generals, scientists and artists, athletes, artists, singers and many others, who and in what years of them were born and died, what mark they left in history, how they were remembered and why reached.
In addition to the history of Russia and the world on August 8, significant milestones and significant events that took place on this August day of spring, you will learn about historical dates, about those influential and popular people who were born and passed away on this date, and you will also be able to familiarize yourself with memorable dates and folk holidays in Catholicism and Orthodoxy, signs and sayings, natural disasters, the emergence of cities and states, as well as their tragic disappearance, get acquainted with revolutions and revolutionaries, those turning points that in one way or another influenced the course of development of our planet and much more friend - interesting, informative, important, necessary and useful.
Folk calendar, signs and folklore August 8
August 8 is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 145 days left until the end of the year.
Mary's day.
Autumn hazes walk through the grasses, giving healing power to the herbs.
In the morning, cool dew fills the leaves, washes away the dust, and at noon healing power is born in the herbs.
Bhutan - Independence Day (from India, since 1949). See Independence Day.
Germany - Peace Day in Augsburg.
Taiwan - Fathers Day. See Fathers Day.
Sweden - Swedish Flag Day (English).
United Nations - Climber's Day.
Ukraine - Day of the Ukrainian Signal Troops.
History of Orthodoxy on August 8th
memory of the holy martyrs Hermolai, Hermippus and Hermocrates, presbyters of Nicomedia (c. 305);
memory of the Monk Moses Ugrin, Pechersk, in the Near Caves (c. 1043);
memory of the Venerable Martyr Paraskeva of Rome (138-161);
memory of the holy martyr Sergius Strelnikov, presbyter (1937).
Catholic: Dominic, Cyprian, Emilian.
Orthodox:
Appion - martyr Appion.
Gerontius (Geront) - Rev. Gerontius of Athos.
Ermillus - Hieromartyr Hermippus of Nicomedia.
Hermocrates (Hermocrates) and Ermolai (Ermol, Ermak) - holy martyr Hermocrates of Nicomedia.
Ignatius (Ignat) - Rev. Ignatius Stironite.
Moses - Rev. Moses Ugrin, Pechersk.
Sergius (Sergei) - Hieromartyr Sergius (Strelnikov).
Theodore (Fedor) - Rev. Theodore, Metropolitan of Trebizond.
Jerusalema - martyr of Jerusalem.
Oreosila - martyr Oreosila.
Paraskeva (Praskovya) - Venerable Martyr Paraskeva of Rome.
What happened in Russia and the world on August 8?
Below you will learn about the history of the world and Russia on the day of August 8, the events that took place in different historical time periods and periods, starting from prehistoric times BC and the emergence of Christianity, continuing with the era of formations, transformations, times of discoveries, scientific and technical revolutions, as well as interesting the Middle Ages, right up to modern times. Below are reflected all the significant events of this day in the history of mankind, you will learn or remember those who were born and left us for another world, what events took place, and why we remember it so special.
History of Russia and the world August 8 in the 16th century
1570 - The Treaty of Saint-Germain ends the third religious war in France.
1588 - The British defeated the remnants of the Spanish Invincible Armada, which had previously been scattered by a storm.
History of Russia and the world August 8 in the 17th century
1619 - The first Lutheran service was held in Canada.
1628 - The Dutch captured Spanish ships with 80 tons of silver off the coast of Cuba.
1636 - Spanish troops came close to Paris.
1648 - By order of his mother, the mentally ill Turkish Sultan Ibrahim I was overthrown from the throne and executed by the Janissaries.
1672 - New York is captured by the Dutch, who rename it New Orange.
History of Russia and the world August 8 in the 18th century
1729 - The founding of Baltimore (North America) is officially proclaimed.
1742 - The first vice-chancellor of internal affairs of Russia, Count M.G. Golovkin, and his wife Ekaterina Ivanovna, who voluntarily followed him into exile, were brought to settle in Srednekolymsk. So Empress Elizabeth Petrovna punished him for his sympathy with Princess Anna Leopoldovna, initially sentencing him to death after the November palace coup of 1741, later replacing it with a settlement in Siberia. The count died in exile in 1766. The wife, who received permission to return to Moscow after the death of her husband, took the body with her, according to legend, covering it with wax. Count Golovkin was buried in the St. George Monastery. The Countess lived to be 90 years old and died on May 20, 1791.
1783 - Catherine II awarded A. Suvorov the Order of St. Vladimir.
1786 - Michel Paccard was the first to conquer the highest peak in Europe, Mont Blanc.
1788 - The French king Louis XVI announced the convening of the Estates General next year, which would later put him on the block.
History of Russia and the world August 8 in the 19th century
1805 - Timofey Kondratyev became the city architect of Voronezh. This position was introduced in the city for the first time.
1832 - Prince Otto, son of the Bavarian king, is proclaimed King of Greece.
1835 - Adoption of a new university charter in Russia, developed by the Minister of Public Education, Count S.S. Uvarov.
1854 - Smith & Wesson began producing cartridge magazines.
1897 - Visit of the German Emperor Wilhelm II to Peterhof.
1900 - The first match for the International Lawn Tennis Federation Cup began in Brookline (Massachusetts) at the Longwood Cricket Club. The cup itself was donated by American Dwight Davis, a member of the US team, which defeated the British in the first match with a score of 3:0. The competition began to be called the Davis Cup team championship, or simply the Davis Cup. Davis subsequently became a member of the US government.
History in Russia and the world on August 8 in the 20th century
1901 - Boer commander De Villiers capitulated in South Africa.
1907 - Representatives of the Russian Zemstvo demanded that the government introduce universal compulsory education.
1910 - Persian government forces captured the leaders of the uprising in Persia, Sattar Khan and Begir Khan.
1911 - A workers' demonstration in Liverpool is shot down by troops.
Various factions of the State Duma of the Russian Empire concluded the Holy Alliance for the period of the First World War.
Anglo-French troops occupied Togoland (now Togo).
German troops captured Prague, a fortified suburb of Warsaw.
In the Dardanelles, a British submarine sank the Turkish battleship Barbarossa.
Russian Emperor Nicholas II rejected Denmark's offer to become a mediator in peace negotiations with Germany.
The ban on the activities of the Jesuit order has been lifted in Russia.
1918 - The Amiens operation of the Anglo-French troops began (“Germany’s Black Day”).
The third Anglo-Afghan war ended.
Polish troops captured Minsk and Rivne.
Soviet troops occupied Tyumen.
1920 - A detachment of Baron Wrangel’s troops landed in Kuban.
1923 - 14-year-old Benny Goodman began his professional musical career in Chicago as a clarinetist in a band that sailed on a steamboat on Lake Michigan.
The first national convention of the Ku Klux Klan opened in Washington.
The first traffic lights were installed in Toronto (Canada).
1927 - The creation of a vaccine against canine distemper is announced in France.
1929 - the airship "Graf Zepelin" set off on a flight around the Earth.
1932 - The USSR allowed women to work in mines.
1934 - Los Angeles police announced that Hollywood stars were making large donations to the needs of the US Communist Party.
1935 - Hermann Goering is appointed responsible for Germany's new industry - television.
1937 - The Japanese captured Beijing.
1940 - The pro-fascist government of France arrested former prime ministers L. Blum and E. Daladier.
J.V. Stalin was appointed commander-in-chief of the Soviet army.
Five Il-4 aircraft carried out the first Soviet bombing of Berlin.
The Walloon Legion was formed in Brussels from Belgians who volunteered to fight on the side of the Nazis in the USSR.
Mussolini is imprisoned on the island of Maddalena in Sardinia.
The KV-85 heavy tank is being adopted by the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army
1944 - In Berlin, eight German officers accused of plotting an assassination attempt on Hitler, including Field Marshal von Witzleben, are hanged from the bass strings of a piano.
1946 - Two American bombers made their first uncrewed flight from Hawaii to California, controlled solely by radio.
1949 - The first session of the Council of Europe took place in Strasbourg.
The USSR adopted regulations on vacations and working conditions for teenagers.
Egypt pledged to supply cotton to the USSR and Romania in exchange for oil.
1956 - In Marceline (Belgium), 263 people died due to a fire in a mine.
1960 - A military coup was carried out in Laos.
1962 - US Nazi leader George Rockwell is arrested in England and expelled from the country.
1963 - robbery of the Glasgow-London mail train by a gang of 15 people. £2.6 million worth of old banknotes (equivalent to £40 million today) were stolen. The most famous of the criminals who committed the robbery is Ronnie Biggs, although he was not the one who planned and led the robbery.
1966 - The beginning of the Cultural Revolution is announced in China.
1967 - The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is formed in Bangkok. It included Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, then Brunei (1984), Vietnam (1995), Laos and Myanmar (1997), Cambodia (1999).
The Institute of Culture has been opened in Kyiv.
The Beatles recorded the song “Hey Jude.”
1969 - For the first (and last time) the USSR Football Cup was won by the first league team Lviv “Karpaty”.
1974 - Richard Nixon announced that he was resigning due to the Watergate scandal.
1983 - A military coup was carried out in Guatemala.
1990 - Iraq announced the annexation of Kuwait.
1991 - Former Iranian Prime Minister Sh. Bakhtiar was assassinated in Paris.
Scientists from the UK, USA and Italy have officially announced the start of human cloning experiments.
In the passage on Pushkinskaya Square, a homemade explosive device equivalent to 800 grams of TNT went off. The explosion killed 13 people and injured another 118.
History of Russia and the world August 8 - in the 21st century
Opening of the XXIX Olympic Games in Beijing.
The beginning of active hostilities in South Ossetia.
History of August 8 - which of the great ones was born
Celebrities of the world and Russia born on August 8, 17th century
1602 - Gilles Roberval, French mathematician, astronomer and physicist (d. 1675).
1646 - Godfrey Kneller, German artist, court portraitist of five English monarchs (d. 1723).
1694 - Francis Hutcheson, English philosopher (d. 1746).
Celebrities of the world and Russia born on August 8 in the 18th century
1709 - Johann Georg Gmelin, German traveler (d. 1755).
1790 - Ferenc Kölcsey, Hungarian romantic poet, author of the Hungarian national anthem (d. 1838).
1799 - Nathaniel Brown Palmer, American navigator, one of the discoverers of Antarctica (d. 1877).
Born with I am a celebrity of the world and Russia on August 8 in the 19th century
1819 - Panteleimon Kulish (d. 1897), Ukrainian writer, member of the Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood (“Black Rada”, “Ukraine”).
1861 - William Batson (d. 1926), English biologist, one of the founders of genetics, who gave it its name.
1866 - Matthew Alexander Henson (d. 1955), American polar explorer.
1869 - Prokhor Gorokhov (d. 1925), Russian self-taught poet, author of the lyrics of the song “There Were Merry Days.”
1877 - Alexander Khanzhonkov (d. 1945), the first Russian film industrialist.
1879 – Emiliano Zapata (d. 1919), Mexican revolutionary.
1881 - Juliusz Klos (d. 1933), Polish architectural historian, professor at Stefan Batory University.
1882 - Vladislav Starevich (d. 1965), Russian and French director, creator of puppet animation.
1884 - Sarah Teasdale (d. 1933), American poet, first Pulitzer Prize winner.
1895 - Leonid Myasin (d. 1979), dancer, choreographer.
1898 - Emmanuel Geller (d. 1990), Soviet theater and film actor.
Celebrities of the world and Russia born on August 8 in the 20th century
Ernest Orlando Lawrence (d. 1958), American physicist, Nobel Prize winner (1939).
1902 - Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (d. 1984), English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (1933).
1909 - Emilian Bukov, Moldavian Soviet writer and poet.
1919 - Dino De Laurentiis, Italian film producer.
1926 - Albert Mkrtchyan, film director (“Sannikov’s Land”).
Yuri Pavlovich Kazakov (d. 1982), writer.
Svyatoslav Fedorov (d. 2000), ophthalmic surgeon.
1928 - Nina Menshikova, theater and film actress, People's Artist of the USSR.
1930 - Arūnas Žebryūnas, Lithuanian film director and screenwriter (“Rich Man, Poor Man”).
1931 - Roger Penrose, English physicist.
1937 - Dustin Hoffman, American film actor, winner of two Oscars.
1940 - Paul Butkevich, Latvian stage and film actor (“Case in square 36-80”, “Vivat, midshipmen!”).
1943 - Yuliy Gusman, film director, KVN member, director of the House of Cinema, Duma deputy.
1948 - Svetlana Savitskaya, Soviet cosmonaut.
Martin Brest, American film director, actor (“Scent of a Woman”, “Beverly Hills Cop”, etc.).
Stanislav Sadalsky, theater and film actor (“The meeting place cannot be changed,” “Say a word for the poor hussar,” etc.).
On this day in 1235, the four-day battle with the Moors for the island of Ibiza ended with the victory of Christians.. The capital of the Moorish Ibiza, Eivissa, fell. Legend has it that the gate was secretly opened by the ruler's brother, offended that he had taken his slave-concubine from him.
On August 8, 1296, King Edward I of England ordered the Stone of Destiny to be taken away(The Stone of Scone), on which Scottish monarchs had been crowned for centuries, and transport it to Westminster. In Scotland, this event is not called anything other than a kidnapping. Only 700 years later, the sacred relic returned to its homeland.
On 8 August 1588, the Spanish "Invincible Armada" was decisively defeated by the English fleet in a naval battle north of the coastal town of Gravelina. She was sent to British shores by King Philip II of Spain, a staunch Catholic, to crush the Protestant heresy and in response to years of attacks by English pirates on Spanish ships. In addition, Philip hoped in this way to avenge the support provided by Queen Elizabeth I to the Dutch who rebelled against Spanish rule.
The “Invincible Armada” consisted of almost 130 ships, which had about 2.5 thousand guns, and more than 30 thousand people, of which 19 thousand were soldiers only. The squadron was huge and clumsy, and the combined Anglo-Dutch fleet, lighter and more maneuverable, had significantly battered it during previous battles. At the Battle of Gravelines, the “pirates of Elizabeth” especially distinguished themselves, the most famous of whom was Francis Drake. The Armada, returning to Spain, encountered severe storms, as a result of which it lost more than half of all ships. For England, this victory was the first step towards future naval dominance.
On August 8, 1648, on the orders of his mother, the Janissaries overthrew the mentally ill Turkish Sultan Ibrahim I from the throne and executed him.
On August 8, 1709, Padre Bartolomeu de Guzman demonstrated the possibility of aeronautics to the Portuguese king. Bartolomeu Lourenço de Guzman is a Brazilian and Portuguese clergyman and naturalist, one of the pioneers in the construction of lighter-than-air aircraft.
Guzman presented models of his apparatus at Casa da India, during which a paper model filled with hot air successfully flew to the ceiling. The king generously rewarded the inventor; he was awarded a professorship in Coimbra. In 1720, de Guzman was elected one of the 50 members of the newly founded Royal Academy of History, and in 1722 he was made court chaplain.
Guzman continued to work on his invention, which, according to some sources, brought him into conflict with the Portuguese Inquisition. The inventor was forced to leave for Spain, where he contracted a certain disease and died.
On this day in 1788, the French King Louis XVI announced the convening of the Estates General for the following year who will later put him on the chopping block.
On August 8, 1793, the revolutionary army besieged the rebel Lyon. Kellerman's army, numbering about 65 thousand people, besieged Lyon, whose garrison did not reach ten thousand. The siege of Lyon lasted for two months. Several battles took place in August and September, as a result of which the besiegers advanced, but Lyon did not surrender. On September 22, Republican troops stationed on the left bank of the Rhone began shelling the city with hot cannonballs. On September 29, the besiegers managed to capture the last redoubts of the Lyons on the right bank of the Saône and Fort Sainte-Foy. On October 9, the remnants of the army of the city’s defenders tried to break the siege, but were defeated.
On August 8, 1815, Napoleon went into exile on the island of St. Helena. He arrived on the island on October 15, 1815 and died there on May 5, 1821.
According to the official version at that time, it was from a stomach ulcer, as the results of the autopsy of the emperor’s body seemed to indicate. In 1952, the memoirs of Napoleon's former servant, Louis Marchand, who was sure that his death was due to stomach cancer, were published for the first time. By the way, Bonaparte himself had no doubts about cancer, since his father died from this disease. It is no coincidence that the emperor said: “Cancer is Waterloo trapped inside.”
On this day in 1849, Vera Zasulich, Russian revolutionary and writer, was born.. Vera Ivanovna Zasulich was born in the village of Mikhailovka, Gzhatsky district, Smolensk province, into an impoverished noble family. She was only three years old when her father, a retired officer, died. It was difficult for the mother to raise three daughters alone, and she sent Vera to financially better-off relatives.
August 8, 1899 is considered to be the day when the refrigerator was first patented in the United States by inventor Albert Marshall. Storage rooms filled with ice have been known to mankind since ancient times. Since the mid-nineteenth century, glaciers resembling ordinary kitchen cabinets have been widely used in Europe. They had an ice compartment and a food chamber; sawdust and cork were used for thermal insulation. The melt water was drained into a special tray through a tap.
In July 1850, American John Gorey first introduced the process of producing artificial ice to the public. His device, based on compression cycle technology, could be both a freezer and an air conditioner. Seven years later, refrigeration chambers were already used in the meat processing and brewing industries, and a railway refrigerated car was created for the first time.
In 1913, the first household refrigerator appeared. Even Albert Einstein made a mark in the history of this unit: he created the so-called Einstein refrigerator, which used alcohol fuel. However, its production was never established.
On August 8, 1900, the first match for the International Lawn Tennis Federation Cup began at the Longwood Cricket Club in Brookline, Massachusetts. The cup itself was donated by American Dwight Davis, a member of the US team, which defeated the British in the first match with a score of 3:0. The competition began to be called the Davis Cup team championship, or simply the Davis Cup. Davis subsequently became a member of the US government.
On August 8, 1901, the commander of the Boer troops, De Villiers, capitulated in South Africa.
Ernest Orlando Lawrence born August 8, 1901, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate "for the invention and creation of the cyclotron, the production of artificial radioactive elements."
On August 8, 1907, representatives of the Russian Zemstvo demanded that the government introduce universal compulsory education.
On August 8, 1910, Persian government forces captured the leaders of the uprising in Persia, Sattar Khan and Begir Khan.
On August 8, 1918, the Battle of Amiens begins. A large-scale offensive by Allied forces against the German army during the First World War near the French city of Amiens.
The results of the first day of fighting were disastrous for the German army. German troops lost 27,000 people killed and captured, about 400 guns. The Allied forces managed to capture a large number of other war spoils. The Allies also managed to shoot down 62 German aircraft. The German troops were demoralized and mass surrenders began. British and French troops lost 8,800 men in the first day of fighting. The surprise of the attack interrupted communication between the German divisions. A large number of German officers were captured.
On this day in 1919, the third Anglo-Afghan war ended.
On this day, a preliminary peace treaty between Great Britain and Afghanistan was signed in Rawalpindi (British India), according to which the latter was given independence in foreign policy.
Casualties during the conflict amounted to approximately 1,000 Afghans killed in action, while British and Indian forces suffered 1,751 casualties, of whom 236 were killed in action, 615 wounded, 566 died of cholera, and 334 died as a result of other diseases and accidents. The results of the war are mixed. According to one view, the war ended in a tactical victory for the British: they repelled the Afghan invasion and drove the Afghans from Indian territory, while Afghan cities were bombed by the Royal Air Force. However, in achieving this goal, British and Indian forces lost almost twice as many soldiers as the Afghans, who ultimately achieved their strategic political goals.
As a result of the peace treaty, the British stopped subsidizing Kabul. They also stopped arms sales from India to Afghanistan. But at the same time, British influence in the region diminished, and the Afghans were able to regain control of their own foreign affairs.
On this day in 1925, the first regular intracity bus line appeared in Moscow. In 1924, the Moscow Communal Services organized a trial run of several imported buses, as well as homemade ones converted from trucks, along the Presnenskaya Zastava - Serebryany Bor dacha line. The operation of the line gave good results, and on August 8, 1924, the first regular intracity bus line was opened from Kalanchevskaya Square through the center to Tverskaya Zastava. For this line, eight 28-seater Leyland buses were purchased from England. They were placed in a temporary garage on the corner of Bolshaya Dmitrovka and Georgievsky Lane.
On August 8, 1925, the first national convention of the Ku Klux Klan opened in Washington.
On August 8, 1937, the Japanese captured Beijing.and Dustin Hoffman was born in the USA, American film actor, winner of two Oscars.
On August 8, 1941, I. Stalin was appointed commander-in-chief of the Soviet army, and 5 Il-4 aircraft carried out the first Soviet bombing of Berlin.
On August 8, 1944, in Berlin, eight German officers accused of plotting an assassination attempt on Hitler, including Field Marshal von Witzleben, were hanged from the bass strings of a piano.
On this day in 1949, the Russian wrestler, athlete, Honored Master of Sports, Ivan Poddubny, died. Ivan became a symbol of Russian and Soviet sports. He first entered the arena in 1896, since then sport for Poddubny has become something more than just a hobby. Ivan was handsome, smart, and the public loved him. Ivan participated in various competitions and became famous throughout the world; he was called the “Champion of Champions.” After the revolution, having found his soulmate, Poddubny decides to go abroad to earn money. He tours Germany and the USA, finds great success and earns enough money to support his family. He bought a house on the shores of the Azov Sea, where he lived until the end of his days.
The mining state of South Kasai is a separatist state entity that existed in the territory of the modern Democratic Republic of the Congo in the early 1960s.
On August 8, 1960, the Mining State of South Kasai was formed with its capital in Bakwanga, Albert Kalonji became its president, and Joseph Ngalula became the head of government.
On August 8, 1966, the beginning of the Cultural Revolution was announced in China.. On August 8, 1966, the XI Plenum of the CPC Central Committee adopted the “Resolution on the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.”
On August 8, 1969, for the first (and last time) the USSR Football Cup was won by the first league team Lviv “Karpaty”.
On August 8, 1974, US President Richard Nixon announced that he was resigning due to the Watergate scandal. He became the only owner of the White House to leave his post early and voluntarily.
On this day in 1991, former Iranian Prime Minister Sh. Bakhtiar was assassinated in Paris.
On August 8, 2000, scientists from the UK, USA and Italy officially announced the start of human cloning experiments.
On August 8, 2008, the opening of the XXIX Olympic Games took place in Beijing. The grand opening of the XXIX Summer Olympic Games took place at the Bird's Nest stadium. Chinese gymnast Li Ning lit the Olympic flame. The opening ceremony lasted 4 hours and became the largest in history. Representatives of a record number of states - 205 - took part in the ceremony.
Leaders and representatives of royal families from more than 80 countries were present at the stadium, which seats 91 thousand spectators. Among them are US President George W. Bush, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, French President Nicolas Sarkozy, Chinese leader Hu Jintao, and Israeli President Shimon Peres.
On August 8, 2008, active hostilities began in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. Georgia carried out massive artillery shelling of the capital of South Ossetia, Tskhinvali. The situation in the region escalated sharply at the end of July, until eventually the Georgian side attempted to resolve the conflict by force by seizing the territory of South Ossetia, which had the status of an unrecognized republic.
On the same day, the President of the Russian Federation announced the start of a peace enforcement operation, and Russian forces were introduced into the conflict zone. Within a few days, Georgian troops were driven out of the territory of South Ossetia and, in cooperation with Abkhaz troops, from the Kodori Gorge in Abkhazia. During the four days of hostilities that lasted until August 12, more than one and a half thousand civilians died. The war had great economic, geopolitical and other consequences. In August 2008, South Ossetia and Abkhazia were recognized by Russia as independent states, and in September diplomatic relations between Russia and Georgia were severed.
On August 8, 117, Marcus Ulpius Trajan died, under whom the Roman Empire reached the peak of power. The son of a Roman governor in Syria, he began his service as a simple legionnaire and quickly earned the love of the soldiers. Trajan had enormous strength, was excellent at wielding weapons, and once stabbed a lion to death with a simple dagger. In 96 he was elected Emperor of Rome.
He was a wise ruler. He ordered the informers, who were the scourge of the Romans, to be loaded onto leaky ships and drowned in the sea. The Senate awarded him the title of "best emperor."
Trajan waged successful wars - he conquered Dacia (present-day Romania) and erected a huge column in Rome depicting episodes of the war. Then he defeated the powerful Parthian kingdom. But, returning from this campaign, he fell ill with cholera and died in Syria.
On August 8, 1115, the Chernigov prince Oleg Svyatoslavich, one of the main culprits in the collapse of Kievan Rus, died.
He was the grandson of Yaroslav the Wise and the son of the Chernigov prince Svyatoslav. In 1073, his father allocated the Ryazan principality as his inheritance, but this was not enough for the greedy Oleg. In 1078, after the death of his father, he brought the Polovtsians to Rus' and, with their help, captured Chernigov, where his uncle Vsevolod ruled. A month later, Vsevolod drove his nephew out of the city. Oleg fled to Tmutarakan. Tmutarakan is not an abstract word; it was the name of the area of present-day Kerch. There Oleg was captured by the Khazars and taken to Byzantium.
He spent four years abroad, two of which were on the island of Rhodes. There, the captured Russian prince managed to marry the noble Greek woman Feofania Mouzalon. In 1083, Oleg returned to Tmutarakan at the head of an army and severely punished the Khazars, and 10 years later, relying on the help of the Polovtsians, he became the prince of Chernigov. At the same time, he plundered the outskirts of the city and monasteries. Oleg Svyatoslavich brought so much suffering to his compatriots that he received the nickname Goreslavich. The author of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” described the years of his reign as follows: “Then plowmen rarely shouted across the Russian land, but often crows crowed, dividing the corpses for themselves.”
His three sons were also a match for Oleg. The eldest of them, the drunkard and libertine Vsevolod, even ended up in epics, where he was portrayed as a purely negative hero, Churila.
On August 8, 1588, the campaign of the so-called “Invincible Armada,” the Spanish fleet that sailed from Lisbon in May with the goal of conquering England, ended in failure.
The armada consisted of 130 ships with 8,000 sailors and 19,000 soldiers. The Spanish ships were inferior to the English in speed and armament, but the Spaniards hoped that they would be able to force a boarding battle and then the Spanish infantry would decide everything. The British fielded smaller and more maneuverable ships with strong artillery. In the English Channel, the English fleet under the command of Admiral Francis Drake and Lord Howard attacked the Spaniards several times. In battles that lasted more than a week (from July 31 to August 8), the Invincible Armada lost more than 20 ships and was forced to move around the British Isles back to Spain. Off the coast of Ireland, the Spanish fleet encountered a severe storm and lost another 40 ships. As a result of the campaign, about half of the “Invincible Armada” was destroyed, and Spain actually lost its status as a great naval power.
The scientist’s colleagues believed that he had the rare quality of separating “the essential from the unimportant” and formulating entire scientific directions. During the formation of genetics, he managed to defend and defend the teachings of Gregor Mendel. It was Bateson who first proposed the term "genetics" from the Greek word "geneticos" - "pertaining to origin."
His work “Materials on the study of discontinuous variability in the origin of species” became fundamental.
In 1905, with the rank of podesaul, he retired from the Don Cossack Regiment for health reasons. Having received a payment of 5 thousand rubles, he invested the entire amount in his blue dream, in the dream factory, in cinema.
Khanzhonkov organized the distribution of European films in Russia, built one of the largest cinemas in Moscow, and created a film studio where documentaries, feature films, popular science films and the first animated films were shot. In general, this man’s contribution to the development of Russian cinema can hardly be overestimated.
In 1909, as an employee of a land surveying office, Starevich came to Khanzhonkov and offered his services in filming visual films. He gave him a used movie camera, a few rolls of film, and things started to boil.
Starevich shot more than twenty films. Among his masterpieces are “Beautiful Lucanida”, “Dragonfly and the Ant”, “Revenge of the Cinematographer”, “The Night Before Christmas”, “Reinecke the Fox”.
In addition to cinema, Starevich's passion was entomology. He initially decided to make a documentary about horned beetles. However, it turned out that with the lighting required for photography, insects become passive. Then he came up with the idea of making dummies out of beetle shells and filming the scene he needed frame by frame. This is how the world's first puppet animation film appeared.
On August 8, 1901, Nina Nikolaevna Berberova was born in St. Petersburg. Her husband was the poet Vladislav Khodasevich. She was 21 years old when they left Russia together. “Suddenly we felt that we were living on the edge of an abyss, in which everything that was dear to us was disappearing with incredible speed,” she will say.
Her book “My Italics” is one of the most famous Russian memoir books of the twentieth century. The first law that Berberova follows is no speculation, only evidence. She owns a line that flew from mouth to mouth in emigration: “I am not in exile, I am in a message.”
In 1989, Berberova visited her homeland for the first time in 67 years, visiting Moscow and Leningrad. Then in one of the interviews she said:
“As a writer, I live only in the Russian language. The French sometimes jealously say to me: “You lived in France for twenty-five years, but what did you write in French? Nothing!" They are not entirely right, I wrote a book about Blok in French, but it is not an artistic work; I couldn’t write a novel, for example, or a story in French. The Russian language is everything to me. I would compare it this way: a person who has been sculpting with clay all his life is suddenly told why you don’t work with metal. So am I: the Russian language for me is clay for life.”
“A theory that has mathematical beauty has a better chance of being correct,” said English physicist Paul Dirac, born August 8, 1902.
He was 26 when he derived an equation describing the quantum properties of the electron. And at the age of 31, together with Erwin Schrödinger, Dirac received the Nobel Prize in Physics “for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory.” “The point was probably that we both appreciated mathematical beauty and the embodiment of this beauty in our work,” the scientist later explained that success. It was Dirac who discovered antiworlds for humanity, putting forward the hypothesis about the existence of antiparticles.
