Message about the musician. Musician as a profession

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Sergey Sergeevich Prokofiev was born on April 23, 1891 in Sontsovka, Yekaterinoslav province (now the village of Krasnoye, Krasnoarmeisky district, Donetsk region). His father - Sergei Alekseevich - was a learned agronomist, manager of the estate of the landowner Sontsov. He passed on to his son a love of nature. Among the children's manuscripts of Seryozha Prokofiev, a notebook has been preserved in which the boy noted when which flowers bloom in Sontsovka.

He heard music in the house from birth. Mother Maria Grigoryevna played Beethoven's sonatas, Chopin's mazurkas and nocturnes, and Tchaikovsky's plays. At more than five years old, Seryozha had already composed a piano piece called "Indian Gallop". Other writings soon followed.

The boy was nine years old when he was brought to Moscow and he first entered the opera house. Returning to Sontsovka, he began to write the opera "The Giant" on his own plot.

Seryozha was first educated by his parents, who were enlightened, intelligent people, smart and strict educators. They accustomed him to concentrated and systematic work. The father taught his son the Russian language, arithmetic, geography, history, and botany. Mother - Foreign languages ​​\u200b\u200b(since childhood, Sergey Sergeevich knew two languages ​​\u200b\u200b- French and German, later English). Maria Grigorievna was also his first music teacher. Seeing the success of her son, she decided to show him to some major musician.

In the winter of 1902, he was brought to Moscow to Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev, an outstanding composer and professor at the Moscow Conservatory. Noting the boy's talent, Taneyev advised him to start serious studies in harmony and systematic acquaintance with musical literature. On the recommendation of Taneyev, a young musician arrived in Sontsovka for the summer, having graduated from the Moscow Conservatory with a gold medal. It was Reinhold Moritsevich Gliere, later a well-known Soviet composer, author of the ballets The Red Poppy, The Bronze Horseman, a concerto for voice and orchestra, and other compositions.

Lively, interesting classes with Gliere had a beneficial effect on the development of Prokofiev's talent. Under the guidance of a teacher, he soon began to write a symphony and an opera "A Feast in the Time of Plague" based on Pushkin. Gliere was struck in his student by an amazing combination of an adult professionally serious attitude to music, independence of judgment and completely childish traits. So, on the music stand at the twelve-year-old Seryozha Prokofiev, who was composing an opera or a symphony, there was a rubber doll named Mister, who was supposed to listen to a new composition.

The strongest hobby of the future author of famous operas and ballets was the theater. With his friends - Sontsovka boys and girls - he constantly invented and acted out performances, which were attended by the inhabitants of the house in Sontsovka.

Already in childhood, Prokofiev discovered a rare observation and a variety of interests (literature, theater, chess). Curious is his boyish passion for the railway, fast and accurate movement. One of the amazing properties of the work of the adult composer Prokofiev will be swiftness, dynamism, through which he will convey his new sense of life, its youth, its movement.

In 1904, on the advice of Glazunov, a fair-haired thirteen-year-old boy came to the exams at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. The exam was conducted by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. “I like that!” he exclaimed cheerfully, seeing Prokofiev bending under the weight of two folders containing his compositions (four operas, two sonatas, a symphony and quite a few piano pieces). The selection committee (E "it consisted of A. K. Glazunov and N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov) was delighted with absolute pitch and the ability to read from a sheet.

Seryozha was accepted, and his life changed dramatically. Instead of the free steppe simple Ukrainian village of Sontsovka, in which he was born and spent his childhood, gloomy Petersburg, where he had to study seriously and for a long time.

Prokofiev studied at the conservatory with remarkable Russian musicians: Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov (harmony, counterpoint), Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov (instrumentation).

During his conservatory years, his musical tastes were enriched and developed. Grieg, Wagner, Rimsky-Korsakov, Scriabin, Rachmaninov were added to Beethoven and Tchaikovsky, beloved from childhood. He got acquainted with the works of contemporary Western European composers - R. Strauss, Debussy.

Interest in the study of classical and modern music, as well as in each other's work, brought Prokofiev closer to Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky. The friendship that began during the years of their joint studies at the St. Petersburg Conservatory continued throughout their lives.

Several years have passed. Prokofiev's musical compositions amazed the listeners and provoked heated debates. Everything he wrote was new in style and content - young, provocative, bold.

After graduating from the conservatory in 1904, Prokofiev performed for many years as a pianist in France, Spain, England, America, Japan, Cuba and many European countries. Everywhere the composer played his compositions, and his new operas and ballets were performed in different cities of the world. So, in 1921, the premiere of Prokofiev's cheerful, brilliant opera The Love for Three Oranges (based on the fairy tale by the Italian writer Carlo Gozzi) took place in Chicago. In the same year, the composer completed the third piano concerto. The best works of Prokofiev of those years were dedicated to the Motherland. Russian melodies are heard in the pieces for piano "Tales of the old grandmother", in which childhood memories and heroes of folk tales come to life. The longing for the Motherland became more and more acute. “Russian speech must sound in my ears, I must speak with people of my flesh and blood, so that they return to me what I lack here: my songs, my songs,” wrote Prokofiev.

In the mid-1920s, Prokofiev responded with great joy to the proposal of S. P. Diaghilev to write a ballet on the theme of building a new life in Russia. The plot of the ballet, called "Steel lope", turned out to be naive, "industrial". "Prokofiev travels through our countries, but refuses to think in our way," foreign newspapers wrote about the premiere of the ballet staged in Paris and London in 1927.

Abroad, Prokofiev met with many outstanding artists (composers Ravel, Stravinsky, Rachmaninoff, conductors Stokowski and Toscanini, film actor Charlie Chaplin and many others). But the atmosphere of the hectic artistic life of Paris in the 1920s did not satisfy him. "I must return. I must again get used to the atmosphere of my native land ... Russian speech should sound in my ears ... Here I lose my strength." And finally he is home again. Prokofiev meets again with his friends Myaskovsky and Asafiev. Begins to work together with Soviet directors, choreographers, writers. He is fascinated by the task of embodying high ideas, humanity, the possibility of addressing not a narrow circle of "connoisseurs", but to the vast masses of the people.

The composer works hard and enthusiastically, creating one beautiful piece after another. They are different in themes, time of action, characters of the characters. But they all have something in common. Everywhere the composer confronts bright images and images of cruelty and violence face to face. And always affirms the victory of high human ideals. The courage inherent in Prokofiev as a composer is striking in all these compositions.

In 1935, the ballet "Romeo and Juliet" (based on Shakespeare's tragedy) was created. Its heroes defend their love in the fight against the bloody medieval prejudices that command them to hate each other. The tragic death of Romeo and Juliet forces the Montague and Capuleti families, who have been at war for a long time, to reconcile.

Before Prokofiev, great musicians who wrote ballet music did not dare to turn to Shakespearean tragedies, believing that they were too difficult for ballet. And Prokofiev created a work imbued with the spirit of Shakespeare. Poetic, deep, containing realistic, psychologically accurate portraits of the characters in "Romeo and Juliet" made it possible for choreographer L. Lavrovsky to stage a ballet that gained world fame (the premiere of the ballet took place in 1940 at the Leningrad State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov).

Prokofiev writes music not only for the theater, but also for cinema. For example, Alexander Nevsky (1938). Together with film director Sergei Eisenstein, Prokofiev sings of the noble patriotic feat of Alexander Nevsky's squad, who defended their native land from the Teutonic conquerors. The plot is historical, but the music sounds modern, as if anticipating the sharp drama and the victorious outcome of the battle of the Soviet people against fascism.

In 1939, the opera "Semyon Kotko" was written (based on the story "I am the son of the working people" by V. Kataev). Its action takes place in Ukraine in 1918. Prokofiev's music depicts images of peasants, soldiers, Bolsheviks fighting for the establishment of Soviet power in Ukraine with amazing truthfulness.

In his works of the Soviet period, the composer especially strove for clarity, accessibility, and simplicity.

Especially for children, on his own text, Prokofiev composed a symphonic fairy tale "Peter and the Wolf". Each character is depicted here with a melody played by a certain instrument in an orchestra or a group of instruments: Bird - a flute, Duck - oboe, Wolf - horns, and Petya - a whole group of stringed instruments.

Prokofiev's performance is amazing. He wrote fantastically fast and could work on several compositions at once. He performed his music as a pianist and conductor. Participated in the Union of Composers. Interested in literature. In the late 1930s he began to write a lively and witty Autobiography. He was an excellent chess player. I drove a car with passion. Love (l dance, be among people.

The main work of the composer during the Great Patriotic War was the grandiose patriotic opera "War and Peace". Prokofiev had previously thought about how to embody the image of Leo Tolstoy's great work in music. In the days of the war against fascism, this plan was realized. Once again the composer set himself a task of rare complexity. From a huge literary work, it was necessary to display the most important scenes. The opera includes, on the one hand, subtle psychological "peaceful" scenes in which Natasha Rostova, Sonya, Prince Andrei, Pierre Bezukho participate; on the other, monumental paintings depicting the struggle of the people against the Napoleonic invaders. The opera turned out to be unusual in its genre. It combines lyric-psychological drama and national epic. Innovative in music and composition, the opera at the same time develops the traditions of Russian classics - Mussorgsky and Borodin. With Mussorgsky, Prokofiev is brought closer by special attention to the psychological characteristics of the characters, revealed through truthful vocal intonation. Interestingly, the opera "War and Peace" was written not on the conditional poetic text of the libretto, but on the original text of the novel. For Prokofiev, the very intonation of Tolstoy's speech, which he managed to convey in music, was important. And this gives particular credibility to the vocal parts of the heroes of the opera.

War and Peace is Prokofiev's favorite work. He perfected it until the end of his life.

In the victorious 1945, three significant works of the composer saw the light: the fifth symphony, dedicated to the "greatness of the human spirit"; the first episode of the film "Ivan the Terrible" - a new collaboration with Sergei Eisenstein; light fabulous ballet "Cinderella". This performance, staged in the fall, was the first post-war premiere at the Bolshoi Theatre.

In subsequent years, several new works appeared. Among them: the opera "The Tale of a Real Man" (based on the book of the same name by B. Polevoy), glorifying the courage of Soviet people during the war years; the ballet "The Tale of the Stone Flower" (according to P. Bazhov) - about the joy of creativity, addressed to the people; oratorio "On guard of the world" (to the words of S. Marshak); concert-symphony for cello and orchestra.

Again Prokofiev writes for children. Suite "Winter Bonfire" for reciters, boys' choir and symphony orchestra (to words by S. Marshak) is dedicated to the Soviet pioneers.

The Seventh Symphony was originally conceived as a symphony especially for children, but in the process of work it acquired a wider meaning - a wise symphonic fairy tale, affirming the beauty and joy of life. This is Prokofiev's last completed work.

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Prokofiev fell seriously ill. To save strength for creativity, he had to give up a lot, including visiting theaters and concerts.

The most difficult time came for him when doctors forbade him to compose music or allowed him to work no more than 20 minutes a day.

Most of the time during these years, Prokofiev spent at his dacha on Nikolina Gora on the banks of the Moscow River. He was very fond of these places, made long walks (if his health allowed). Musicians who admired and performed his music came here to see him: composer D. Kabalevsky, pianist S. Richter and others. Some of them later wrote the most interesting memoirs about the great composer.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky is one of the most famous music creators in the world. He lived for 53 years and became the author of the greatest works. His biography is full of interesting events. He made a huge contribution not only to Russian, but also to world culture.

Childhood

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in the village of Votkinsk in the Vyatka province (Udmurtia) in 1840. He grew up in a large family of an engineer: in addition to him, there were three more children - two brothers and one sister. The boy's parents were fond of music, they knew how to play the flute and piano. So little Tchaikovsky from early childhood fell in love with the melodic sound of musical instruments. At the age of 5, the boy had already mastered the piano, and 2 years later he played the notes. In 1850 the whole family moved to St. Petersburg. In 1854, the mother of the future composer died of cholera. The children were left in the care of their father, who also fell ill, but managed to recover.

Painting by artist A. Parkhomenko "Peter Tchaikovsky".

Study and the beginning of musical activity

Pyotr Ilyich first studied at home, where a governess helped him. Education continued at the boarding school, and then the young man entered the school, where they taught law. At that time, Tchaikovsky was engaged in musical creativity as an elective. He seriously began to be interested in opera and ballet, went to theaters. For some time the young man worked as a lawyer, but then he entered the conservatory. During his studies, the composer creates the first great musical works. Some of them were included in the ballet "Swan Lake".

The heyday of creativity

After completing his education, Tchaikovsky moved to Moscow, where he became a teacher at the conservatory. In 1878 he left Russia for Italy, and then for Switzerland. There he creates his famous operas "Eugene Onegin" and "Oprichnik", writes plays that are included in the collection "Children's Album", composes the cycle "The Seasons" and many others. He constantly travels to different countries, where his concerts delight the audience.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is a great Russian composer.

Later years and death

At the end of his life, P.I. Tchaikovsky returned to Moscow. Later he settles in the small town of Klin, where, after his death, the composer's museum will open. In the city he creates a school for peasants and composes compositions, writes music for the ballet The Nutcracker, the operas Iolanthe and The Queen of Spades. In 1893, in St. Petersburg, he died of cholera. Here he was buried.

House-museum in the city of Klin.

Much is known about Tchaikovsky's life, but not everyone knows about some facts.

1. He created not only musical works, but also wrote poems, as well as texts for his operas.
2. The music teachers who gave lessons to Tchaikovsky did not see any particular talent in him.
3. The composer was very fond of listening to Mozart's music.
4. Pyotr Ilyich traveled all his life. If he spent a long time in other countries, he missed his homeland. But even in Russia he could not live long in one place.
5. The musician was a bad conductor. Even at the school in this subject, he had the lowest mark.
6. The great composer helped put out the fire in the city of Klin, while other people just stood and watched.
7. For several years, Pyotr Ilyich worked as a journalist in a newspaper. He wrote notes and messages for publishers, but did not sign with his real name.
8. In honor of the great composer in 1956, at the request of the inhabitants, the city of Tchaikovsky was named. Previously, it was a small settlement of workers, which was called Saigatka. Gradually it grew into a city. It is located at a distance of 37 kilometers from the village where the musician was born.

Monument to the composer in the city named after him.

The legacy of the great composer

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky made a huge contribution to Russian and world culture. His works are performed and loved in all countries. The work of the great composer changed the style of symphonic music and violin concertos. Streets, conservatories, music schools and colleges and schools, theaters and a symphony orchestra were named in honor of the creator of immortal operas and ballets, monuments were erected to him. In Tchaikovsky's house near Moscow there is a museum named after him.

According to the great Russian composer P. Tchaikovsky, Mozart was the pinnacle of beauty in music.

Birth, difficult childhood and youth

He was born on the twenty-seventh of January 1756 in Salzburg, and his arrival nearly cost his mother's life. He was named Johann Chrysostomus Wolfgang Theophilus. Mozart's older sister Maria Anna, under the guidance of her father Leopold Mozart, began playing the clavier quite early. Little Mozart really liked music-making. The four-year-old boy learned minuets with his father, playing them with amazing clarity and a sense of rhythm. A year later, Wolfgang began to compose small pieces of music. A gifted boy at the age of six played the most complex works, without leaving the instrument all day.

Seeing the amazing abilities of his son, the father decided to go with him and his talented daughter on a concert tour. Munich, Vienna, Paris, The Hague, Amsterdam, London heard the play of the young virtuoso. During this time, Mozart wrote many musical creations, including a symphony, 6 sonatas for violin and harpsichord. A small, thin, pale boy in an embroidered gold court costume, in a powdered wig in the fashion of the time, won the audience over with his talent.

Concerts lasting 4-5 hours tired the child. But the father was also actively involved in the musical education of his son. It was a difficult but happy time.

In 1766, tired of long tours, the family returned to Salzburg. However, the long-awaited vacation quickly ended. Preparing to consolidate the success of Wolfgang, his father prepared him for new concert performances. This time it was decided to go to Italy. In Rome, Milan, Naples, Venice, Florence, concerts of the fourteen-year-old musician are held in triumph. He performs as a violinist, organist, accompanist, harpsichord virtuoso, singer-improviser, conductor. Thanks to his extraordinary talent, he was elected a member of the Bologna Academy. Everything seemed to be going great.

However, his father's hopes for Wolfgang to get a job in Italy were not destined to come true. The brilliant young man was just another fun for the Italians. I had to return to the gray everyday life of Salzburg.

Creative achievements and unfulfilled hopes

The young musician becomes the conductor of the orchestra of Count Coloredo, a cruel and powerful man. Feeling the freethinking and intolerance of rudeness by Mozart, the ruler of the city humiliated the young man in every possible way, considering him his servant. Wolfgang could not accept this.

At 22, he went to Paris with his mother. However, in the capital of France, which once applauded the young talent, there was no place for Mozart. Because of worries for her son, the mother died. Mozart fell into deep despondency. There was nothing left but to return to Salzburg, where he lived from 1775-1777. The life of a humiliated court musician weighed heavily on the talented composer. And in Munich, his opera "Idomeneo, King of Crete" was a huge success.

Deciding to end his dependent position, Mozart submits a letter of resignation. A series of humiliations from the archbishop almost led him to mental breakdown. The composer made a firm decision to stay in Vienna. From 1781 until the end of his life he lived in this beautiful city.

The flowering of talent

The last decade of his life was the time of the composer's brilliant creations. Although, in order to earn a living, he had to work as a musician. In addition, he married Constance Weber. It is true that difficulties awaited him here, too. The girl's parents did not want such a marriage for their daughter, so the young people had to get married in secret.

Six string quartets dedicated to Haydn, the operas The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni and other brilliant creations belong to this time.

Material deprivation, constant hard work gradually worsened the composer's health. Attempts at concert performances brought little income. All this undermined Mozart's vitality. He passed away in December 1791. The legendary story of the poisoning of Mozart by Salieri has not found documentary evidence. The exact place of his burial is unknown, because he was buried in a common grave due to lack of funds.

However, his works, especially refined, delightfully simple and excitingly deep, still delight.

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in 1756 in Salzburg. Under the guidance of his father Leopold, the boy studied and studied foreign languages. Leopold Mozart was a famous Salzburg violinist. He wanted to see his son as a composer, so he decided to recommend his son to the world of music as a virtuoso. Tours began with concerts in the courtyards of high-ranking people throughout Europe, which lasted more than eight years. Leopold Mozart had great hopes for Vienna. This city in those days was the center of European culture, where great prospects and opportunities for self-realization opened before the musicians. Indeed, Wolfgang was waiting for success there: giving numerous concerts in the houses of the Viennese nobility, the audience over and over again admired the excellent playing and virtuosity of the young genius.
Shortly after returning to Salzburg, Leopold Mozart again decided to conquer the major cities associated with European culture, together with his son and daughter Anna-Maria, or Nannerl, as people close to her called her. In Paris, the Mozarts caused a stir among the local nobility and reached amazing heights in performance. Impressed by the French capital, Wolfgang wrote his first four symphonies for harpsichord and violin, which were later published.
The next city the Mozarts went to was London, where the boy met such major composers as Johann Sebastian Bach, whose music he turned to, and his son Johann Christian Bach, who became a friend and mentor of Wolfgang. In the same city, the young composer develops an interest in vocal and symphonic music. His childhood years coincided with the youth of such a genre as the symphony, and Mozart matured and matured along with the new style. He created his first symphony (Symphony No. 1 Es-dur) at the age of eight. The works of Mozart cannot but amaze with the fact that even from a very young age the boy did not try to imitate any model, but tries, having grasped the basic principles of the symphony genre, to create something unique, even if at first it did not work out so masterfully.
In 1766 the family returned to Salzburg. For several years of travel, seeing the world and making new acquaintances, Wolfgang acquired new professional skills, and, having awakened the composer in himself, became a master of his craft. A year later, the premiere of his first interlude opera Apollo and Hyacinth (KV38) took place.
After marrying Constance Weber, Mozart begins the peak of his work. The composer receives huge fees for his compositions, makes friends with Joseph Haydn, to whom he dedicated a separate collection of six quartets. Later, there was the premiere of the Concerto No. 20 in d-moll (K466), the operas "The Marriage of Figaro" and "The Theater Director", which later had a huge success in Prague; in 1788, the opera Don Giovanni, written under contract, was staged in Vienna.
Writing music was not easy for him. Mozart, imitating no one, wrote only his own music, unlike the music of other composers, which cost him a lot of effort. But over time, the public cooled to him, the financial situation worsened. Despite this, Mozart wrote several more symphonies, the most famous of which is Symphony No. 40 in g-moll (K550). The composer also paid much attention to sacred music. Of his most famous creations - all recognizable Requiem (KV626) and a motet on the Latin text "Ave verum corpus".
All this time, Mozart was very seriously ill, it was impossible to save him, and on the night of December 5, 1791, he died. It was in the person of Mozart that Viennese classicism reached incredible heights. His creations reflect all the lightness, charm and musicality characteristic of this era. Having conquered all of Europe with his memorable symphonies and inimitable operas, he left a huge mark on the history of music.