Draw the national costume of the Russian people for a child. Fine art lesson "Russian folk festive costume"
A couple of days ago, Alena Belova wrote to me with a request to show me how to draw a folk costume with a pencil. I have already done a lot of drawing lessons of different clothes. You will see links to them below, under this lesson. And for this, I picked up a picture depicting women's festive clothes from the Tver province of the 19th century:
On the left is a sundress, shirt and belt. On the right is a girl's festive shirt with a belt. If you were asked this topic in a history lesson or from this topic, you can use this lesson:
How to draw a Russian folk costume with a pencil step by step
Step one. I sketch the main parts of the costumes. This is no different from a sketch of a person, only without the head and legs. Here it is also important to observe proportions.
Step two. We draw the shape of the dresses. Folk costumes (at least ours) were not distinguished by openness, so here almost the entire body is hidden.
Step three. A very important point is the folds. Without them, the drawing will look like a paper dress. Try to show all possible bends and shadows from them on the dress.
Step four. Another distinctive feature of the folk costume is the abundance of patterns. It's not just some fiction from Armani or Gucci. Each pattern means something. It is difficult to draw them, but if you do not, it will be difficult for the viewer to determine: is this a dress of some young lady or a folk costume? And so, looking only for a second, anyone will determine without errors.
Step five. If you add hatching, the drawing will become more realistic.
I already wrote above that I have a lot of drawing lessons here. You can take any topic that has clothes and draw. But I have selected the best topic lessons from this and give them to you.
How to draw a Russian folk costume with a pencil step by step
A couple of days ago, Alena Belova wrote to me with a request to show me how to draw a folk costume with a pencil. I have already done a lot of drawing lessons of different clothes. You will see links to them below, under this lesson. And for this, I picked up a picture depicting women's festive clothes from the Tver province of the 19th century:
On the left is a sundress, shirt and belt. On the right is a girl's festive shirt with a belt. If you were asked this topic in a history lesson or from this topic, you can use this lesson:
How to draw a Russian folk costume with a pencil step by step
Step one. I sketch the main parts of the costumes. This is no different from a sketch of a person, only without the head and legs. Here it is also important to observe proportions.
Step two. We draw the shape of the dresses. Folk costumes (at least ours) were not distinguished by openness, so here almost the entire body is hidden.
Step three. A very important point is the folds. Without them, the drawing will look like a paper dress. Try to show all possible bends and shadows from them on the dress.
Step four. Another distinctive feature of the folk costume is the abundance of patterns. It's not just some fiction from Armani or Gucci. Each pattern means something. It is difficult to draw them, but if you do not, it will be difficult for the viewer to determine: is this a dress of some young lady or a folk costume? And so, looking only for a second, anyone will determine without errors.
Goals:
- To acquaint with the history and traditions of Russian folk holidays.
- Cultivate respect, develop interest in folk art.
- To fix the concept of “ornament”, its types.
- Improve visual skills, the ability to work with gouache.
Visibility: images of Russian folk costumes, ornaments, a panel depicting a rural square, an audio recording of “The Ringing of Bells”, patterns of human figures, proverbs on the board:
- You can't feed a chicken, and you can't dress up a girl.
- The woman's shirts are the same bags: tie up the sleeves, but put whatever you want.
- They praise silk on a girl when the girl herself has a sense.
I. Organizational moment.
II. Lesson topic announcement
a) conversation
Every nation has holidays. They reveal the soul of a person, his character. In Rus' they loved holidays. They met spring and saw off winter, celebrated the completion of field work, and sometimes just the end of the working day. Holidays have always been fun filled with music, singing, games and dancing. Every evening, people of different ages gathered in the evening at someone's hut and sang and danced (danced) there. The song and dance repertoire was very rich and varied. For all seasons, for all calendar holidays there were songs, games, dances, fun, nursery rhymes. Often, incantations, jokes, jokes were invented on the spot, on the move - they improvised, especially ditties.
A holiday is not only songs and dances.
How else is this day different from ordinary everyday life? / outfits /
On the eve of the festivities, heavy chests were thrown open. The more they were stuffed, the richer the owner of the house was considered. All festive clothes were necessarily decorated with embroidery elements, beads, sequins, which, as a rule, was not in everyday clothes. By the clothes one could judge the taste and skill of the craftswoman, because the peasant woman herself made the outfit<рисунок 1>.
What a variety of festive outfits!
And what do they have in common? (patterns)
How else can you call it? (ornament)
Any Russian costume in the old days was certainly decorated with ornaments and embroidery.
Let's remember what types of ornament do you know?
/plant and geometric/
Pay attention to the board. Here are the patterns (they can simply be drawn on the board with colored chalk.) Which of them will not be ornaments? Why? /in the ornament, the elements are depicted in a certain order, rhythmically./
The game "Compose a melody to the ornament."
b) STORY about Russian folk costumes.
Let's take a closer look at the outfits.
The basis of any Russian costume was a shirt<рисунок 1и 2>. Shirts with a fastener on the side were called blouses. These were usually worn by men. Also, their outfit included pants that were tucked into boots or onuchi (a piece of fabric), and bast shoes were worn on top of the onuchi.
The shirt was wide and was decorated along the hem, along the collar, along the edge of the sleeves with embroidery. And be sure to tie it with a sash.<рисунок 2>.
Belts performed many functions: they spoke about the well-being of a person, and were also an award and a gift, and were inherited. Festive shirts were embroidered with silk colored threads. Preference was given to red (as a talisman).
Particular importance was attached to the location of the picture. For example:
- chest patterns - protected the heart and lungs,
- shoulder - guarded hands,
- bottom - did not allow evil forces to get through from below.
In the central and northern regions of Russia, women wore a sundress for the holidays.<рисунок 3>.
The smooth lines of the sundress seemed to flow, making the woman look like a swan. No wonder in songs and fairy tales they are called swans.
The festive attire also included the so-called dushegrey - epanechki or shorts - short blouses with straps, similar to sarafans<рисунок 4>.
And in the southern regions of Russia, women of fashion dressed in a pony complex<рисунок 5>.
Poneva - skirt. She dressed without fail over a shirt, then came an apron, and then a pommel.
The apron was generously decorated with embroidery<рисунок 6>.
Red prevailed. This is the color of fire, the sun, magical, beautiful, a symbol of salvation and a sign of a barrier to evil forces. This color was supposed to scare away demons and spirits that have a human appearance, store and protect the owner from various misfortunes.
The top is an outer garment worn in autumn or spring. The tip was not girded<рисунок 7>.
And finally, hats.
They were clearly divided into girls' and married women's dresses:
Kokoshniks, ribbons, wreaths /girlish/.
Koruna, magpie, kichka /female/.
In the names of headdresses, one can hear kinship with a bird: kokoshnik, kichka, magpie. And this is no coincidence. Remember fairy tales: a swan, a white swan, like a peacock.
c) Work with proverbs.
III. Practical work– creation of a collective panel on the theme “Holiday in the village”.
Students are given figurines depicting people and need to make them festive clothes.
Task differentiated:
1 group: colorize ready-made figures, already “dressed” - a task for slow-moving children and those who have difficulty with self-image. Design your own ornament.
2 group: “Dress” paper figurine, i.e. design and draw your own festive outfit.
Group 3 (children who draw well): portray figure of a man in a festive costume.
The main condition is the presence of an ornament in clothes.
Finished works are glued onto a pre-prepared panel depicting a rural square with a cathedral and peasant houses. /Audio recording “Ringing bells” - people gather in the cathedral square./
IV. Outcome.
Everything in life changes, but the holiday remains. And although he can cope in different ways, the main thing remains - joy, special excitement, fun, elegant clothes, gifts, songs and dances, which are now sometimes mysterious to us. However, these traditions are unusual and special. They need to be remembered and known.
Did you remember?
This is what we are going to check now.
Children are given cards-arrows with the words-names of Russian folk clothes:
- shirt - epanechka - kokoshnik - sash - short - coruna - kosovorotka - poneva - magpie - onuchi - apron - kitsch. - sundress - tip
It is necessary to connect the arrow cards with the items of clothing in the pictures so that they match the names.
V. Evaluation of works.
Instruction
Schematically build a human figure. Draw a vertical line and break it into eight segments. In the upper division, draw the head, the next three segments will take the torso, and the remaining four make up the legs. The length of the arms reaches the middle of the thigh. For a dressed figure, it is only necessary to determine the proportions, without drawing out the parts of the body covered with clothing.
Draw a sundress: two short straps go from the shoulders to a straight or curly neckline of the bodice. Under the bust, the sundress is pleated, and towards the bottom it greatly expands. Draw a wavy bottom line, depicting wide soft folds of fabric. From the chest line, draw radially divergent lines of folds. Run a wide patterned border in the center and hem.
Now you need to draw the shoulders and puffy sleeves of the shirt - they can be expanded from above or, conversely, from below. The bottom of the sleeves is gathered at the cuff and forms a voluminous lap. Another option is wide trapezoidal sleeves, decorated on the bottom with a wide embroidered border. The upper part of the shirt, not covered by a sundress, is also decorated with sun-shaped embroidery around the neck.
Complete the drawing with the image of a round hairstyle "under the pot" and a headdress -
Russian culture has always, and now, in modern times, especially interested in many people. Our history is rich in painters, writers, poets. Russian culture has always been very interesting for the whole world. National costumes are an integral part of the culture of any nation or nationality. Interest in the Russian national costume today is especially great in connection with the recent Winter Olympics in Russia. Sochi. All foreigners want to buy souvenirs for themselves - dolls in Russian costumes. But, you can also draw either dolls or figures of people in such costumes. What we will do today and teach you how to correctly draw Russian national costumes step by step - male and female.
Stage 1. First, draw the initial lines of the female and male figures. Two circles - heads, necks, quadrangles - bodies, lines of arms and legs.
Stage 2. We begin to draw circles with smooth lines, gradually giving contours to the faces. We show the lines of the cheeks, chins, ears, and the beginning of the neck.
Stage 3. Now let's draw facial expressions. Using the auxiliary line inside the circle, we show eyes with eyelashes, eyebrows above them, outlines of the nose with nostrils and lips in a friendly friendly smile.
Stage 4. Here for the girl we draw a beautiful thick braided braid falling forward, we circle her head in a semicircle - a kokoshnik - a Russian national headdress. From under the kokoshnik, lace framing the forehead is visible. On the ears we will show beautiful diamond-shaped earrings, the end of the braid is decorated with a satin bow. On the guy's head we put on a cap with a visor, on the side of which a rose is attached.
Stage 5. Let's start drawing exactly the costumes (clothes). On it - we draw a stand-up collar, the chest section of the sundress and a belt under the chest. There are two strands of beads on the neck, draw them in circles. He is wearing a shirt with a stand-up collar, the shirt is rather long, covers the top of the trousers, and is belted with a belt.
Stage 6. Let's show on the right hand the sleeve from the shirt, grabbed at the bottom of the wrist with a cuff. The guy also has a shirt sleeve that covers the arm itself. With the same hand he holds the national musical instrument - the balalaika. We draw a triangle, from which the handle of the balalaika departs, there are strings on it.
Stage 7. We finish drawing the left hands of both characters. The girl has a handkerchief in her fingers. With his left hand, the guy holds the handle of the balalaika, clamping the strings.
Stage 8. We finish drawing Russian national costumes, depicting the hem of a sundress and trousers. Sundress flared down, gathered in folds. Trousers - harem pants, rather wide, tucked into boots. Draw the legs along the straight lines from step 1.
Stage 9. Now we draw patterns on the sundress - vertical and horizontal lines. A row of buttons in the middle. We make the guy's bloomers striped.
