“Prophetic strings of fiery sounds...” Poetry of Alexander Ivanovich Odoevsky

Alexander Ivanovich Odoevsky is a romantic poet, the author of the famous poem “The fiery sounds of prophetic strings...”, with which he responded to the message of A.S. on behalf of all the exiled Decembrists. Pushkin “To Siberia” (“In the depths of Siberian ores…”).

Odoevsky's poetry is distinguished by its heartfelt emotional tonality and picturesqueness. His poetic reflections, not devoid of an elegiac flavor, at the same time amaze with “proud faith in people and other life” (Lermontov), ​​deep patriotism.

Alexander Ivanovich Odoevsky was born on November 26, 1802 into a princely family and received a thorough education at home. He showed an early interest in literature, which was supported by friendly communication with A.S. Griboyedov, writer and literary critic V.F. Odoevsky, playwright and translator A.A. Gendre, Decembrist writers A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, K.F. Ryleev. Only a few poems written by Odoevsky before the Decembrist uprising of 1825 have survived (“Or, throwing away secular ties ...”, “Ball” and some others), since, by his own admission, he destroyed all the poems that did not satisfy him.

Since 1821, Odoevsky has served in the Horse Guards Regiment. A year before the Decembrist uprising, he was accepted into the Northern Society. He was one of the youngest participants in the Decembrist movement, his political views were not yet established, were not clear and definite, but, captured by the general enthusiasm of the fighters against serfdom, he was ready to die for the common cause. "Oh! how gloriously we will die!” - he exclaimed at one of the meetings of members of the secret society, having learned that the time had come to act. On Senate Square, Odoevsky commanded the barrage chain.

After the defeat of the Decembrists, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress. The experiences of this difficult period were reflected in his poems “Morning”, “What are we, O God? “To the heavenly house...” and others. Odoevsky was sentenced to twelve years of hard labor and sent in shackles to Siberia. Subsequently, the term of hard labor was reduced, and from 1833 to 1837 he was in a settlement in Elani (near Irkutsk), then in Ishim, Tobolsk province.

During the years of hard labor and exile, Odoevsky’s poetic talent was revealed. By 1829, he created a number of works on national historical themes, developing the traditional Decembrist motif of “saint liberty.” In these poems, he is often based on chronicle and hagiographic sources related to the history of free Novgorod, Pskov, Smolensk (“Zosima”, “The Unknown Wanderer”, “Kutia”, “Elder Prophetess”, “Siege of Smolensk”).

The poet quite widely develops the theme of the poet and poetry, characteristic of Decembrist lyricism (“The Poet’s Dream”, 1826-1827; “Trezna”, 1828; “The Dying Artist”, 1830), writes “Elegy for the Death of A.S. Griboyedov" (1829).

Odoevsky was one of the first to write poems dedicated to the wives of the exiled Decembrists (“Prince M.N. Volkonskaya,” 1829; “On the Pillar Road,” 1831). In his patriotic lyrics, he glorifies the heroes who, in the struggle “for Holy Rus'”, are not afraid of “captivity and execution” (“What kind of nomads turn black…”, 1830).

In 1829-1830, Alexander Ivanovich Odoevsky created a major poetic work - the historical poem “Vasilko” (which has not reached us in full), where he expresses the idea of ​​​​the unity of Rus', condemning princely civil strife. Odoevsky devotes the poem “Slavic Virgins” (1830) to the theme of the unity of the Slavic peoples, and the idea of ​​​​the unity of all freedom fighters is heard in the poem “Moveless, like dead in coffins...” (1831).

In 1837, Odoevsky was assigned to the active army in the Caucasus as a private in the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment. Here he meets with M.Yu. Lermontov, with the poet and publicist N.P. Ogarev, poet, translator, memoirist Satin.

In the last years of his life, notes of loneliness and premonition of imminent death often sound in Odoevsky’s work (“Where are you rushing, winged villages?”, 1837).

Odoevsky died on August 15, 1839 from malaria in the fortification of Psezuape (now the village of Lazarevskoye) near Sochi. Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov dedicated a poetic epitaph to his friend who passed away early - the poem “In Memory of A. I. Odoevsky” (1839), where he captured the charming image of a man and poet who managed to preserve a living soul in difficult trials.

This is how Lomonosov imagined the policy of the new queen, who commands silence to the “fiery sounds,” that is, war (at the end of Anna Ioannovna’s reign there was a war with Turkey; Anna Leopoldovna is at war with Sweden).

Be silent, fiery sounds,

And stop shaking the light:

Here in the world to expand science

Elizabeth did so.

Lomonosov’s joy, of course, is also Krasheninnikov’s joy: in the same famous Lomonosov’s “Ode on the Day of the Accession of... Elizabeth Petrovna,” the scientist-poet reminds the new queen what amazing lands and wealth she owns. The verse also includes the very regions, rivers, seas that Stepan Petrovich crossed last 1741.

Although the constant snow

The northern country is covered,

Where the frozen boar's wings

Your banners flutter

But God is between the icy mountains

Great for its miracles:

There Lena is pure rapids,

Like the Nile, he will give the peoples drink

And Bregi finally loses,

Comparing the width of the sea.

The poet imagines an unimaginable Siberia,

The hunter has never aimed his bow,

The farmer knocks with an ax

Didn't frighten the singing birds.

As is customary in poetry, Lomonosov hyperbolizes and exaggerates (however, in St. Petersburg even a hundred years later they believed that sables were still running along the streets of Tobolsk, Yakutsk, Irkutsk!). However, it's not about boring precision, it's about the idea! Although the new queen does not know any geography, by her order “wisdom” should soon penetrate even those regions where Krasheninnikov spent four glorious years.

Ignorance pales before her.

There the wet fleet path turns white

And the sea tries to give in:

Russian Columbus through the waters

Hastens to unknown nations {2}

Proclaim your bounties.

There, sown by the darkness of islands,

A river is like an ocean {3} ,

The peacock is put to shame by the corvid.

There are clouds of different birds flying there,

What variegation exceeds

Tender spring clothes;

Eating in fragrant groves

And floating in pleasant streams,

They don't know the harsh winter.

Again an exaggeration, a “softening” of the truth, but it reveals to us how pleased Lomonosov was with the events of November 25, 1741! And Krasheninnikov, having learned the news in Irkutsk, probably regrets that he is not in St. Petersburg: Siberian roads are longer than reigns...

Scientists are happy. The surviving “chicks of Petrov’s nest” also have hope.

"Remember me..."

PUSHKIN: “When Empress Elizabeth ascended the throne, then Hannibal wrote to her the words of the Gospel: “Remember me when you come to your kingdom.” Elizabeth immediately called him to court, promoted him to brigadier and soon afterwards to major general and general-in-chief, granted him several villages in the provinces of Pskov and St. Petersburg, in the first Zuevo, Bor, Petrovskoye and others, in the second Kobrino, Suidu and others. Taitsi, also the village of Ragolu, near Revel, in which he was chief commandant for some time.”

There is almost nothing for historians to complain about here (except perhaps to clarify some details). Indeed, the new queen quickly made the major a general: an ally of Peter the Great, her father, - under Queen Elizabeth this was a “pass” to ranks and income. Hannibal was granted (and also acquired by himself) those villages that in eighty to ninety years would become Pushkin’s: Zuevo, which appeared on the list, is, after all, Mikhailovskoe... And next to it is Petrovskoe... Pushkin’s family, Pushkin’s geography, Pushkin’s history line up waiting for a genius…

At the end of May 1975, I met Georg Aleksandrovich Leetz in Tallinn. He was over eighty; hunting rifles, daggers, and shoulder straps of an artillery colonel were hung on the walls of his apartment; books in Estonian, Russian, German, French. “In recent years,” says the owner, “I’ve been working a lot in the archives. One day I came across a document signed “Hannibal”, I remembered my childhood and the Pernov gymnasium, where I earned the highest score for my characterization of Ibrahim in “Arap of Peter the Great”...

Pärnu (Pernov) is the same city where Abram Petrovich Hannibal built fortifications and taught young engineers in the early 1730s.

Pushkin's great-grandfather, apparently, attracted G. Leetz due to his well-known kinship of soul, the combination of several cultural layers in one personality: Africa, Turkey, Russia, France, Estonia (there is no doubt that Arap also spoke Estonian).

Leets shows the guests a considerable manuscript about Abram Petrovich Hannibal, approved by the best authorities, and we believe that it will certainly turn into a book.

A month and a half later, Georg Alexandrovich passed away... Then the publishing house “Eesti Raamat” brought the manuscript to print with the help of the Irkutsk writer Mark Sergeev, also a fellow countryman of Abram Hannibal (in the book by G. Leetz, chapter V is called “Exile and Service in Siberia”, chapter VI, the most large, - “A.P. Hannibal in Estonia”).

Leets found unknown documents about the small village of Karyakule near Revel, and about the important work that the general and chief commandant of Revel Hannibal undertook to strengthen the city entrusted to him, and about his new coat of arms - an elephant with a crown, reminding his insolent colleagues that his rights were no less than theirs...

Let’s not get ahead of our own narrative: for now it is at the end of 1741: both of our heroes, like many others, are full of hopes and illusions... They happy.

It seems that only those who have been overthrown are unhappy.

Strings of prophetic fiery sounds
It has reached our ears,
Our hands rushed to the swords,
And - they just found shackles.

But be calm, bard! - chains,
We are proud of our destiny,
And behind the prison gates
In our hearts we laugh at kings.

Our sorrowful work will not be wasted,
A flame will ignite from a spark,
And our enlightened people
Will gather under the holy banner.

We will forge swords from chains
And let us light the flame of freedom again!
She will come upon the kings,
And the peoples will sigh with joy!

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Strings of prophetic fiery sounds
It has reached our ears,
Our hands rushed to the swords,
And - they just found shackles.

But be calm, bard! - chains,
We are proud of our destiny,
And behind the prison gates
In our hearts we laugh at kings.

Our sorrowful work will not be wasted,
A flame will ignite from a spark,
And our enlightened people
Will gather under the holy banner.

We will forge swords from chains
And let us light the flame of freedom again!
She will come upon the kings,
And the peoples will sigh with joy!

Late 1828 or early 1829
Chita

“Prophetic strings of fiery sounds...” For the first time - Sat. "Voices from Russia", ed. Free printing house of A.I. Herzen, book. 4. London, 1857, p. 40, under the title: “Response to Pushkin’s message” with the note: “Who wrote the response to the message is unknown.” The same text, with the same title, was reprinted in volume 1 of the “Russian Library” (“Collected poems by Pushkin, Ryleev, Lermontov and other best authors”, Leipzig, 1858U, anonymously in the 1st edition, and anonymously in the 2nd edition). m with the signature: Iskander. For the first time under the name O. - “Poems of Pushkin, not included in the last collection of his works.” Berlin, 1861, in a note to the message of A. S. Pushkin “In the depths of the Siberian ores...” Repeatedly published in foreign publications In Russia for the first time with omissions - RA, 1881, book 1; for the first time in full - and notes by N. O. Lerner to volume 4 of the Collected Works of A. S. Pushkin, edited by S. A. Vengerov. St. Petersburg, 1910 . Preserved in several authoritative lists. Printed according to identical lists of I. I. Pushchin (TsGIAM, f. 279, op. I, item 248, sheet 4 vol. -5) and the secret archive of the III Department (TsGIAM, f. 109, op. I, item 2234, sheets 2 and 4), with an amendment to article 4 according to the “Notes” of M. N. Volkonskaya, where, obviously for censorship reasons, article 8 was replaced and the last stanza was omitted With the exception of Art. 1, the text by I. I. Pushchin is identical to the list by P. I. Bartenev (TsGALI, f. 46, op. 2, item 445). Based on the text by Pushchin - Volkonskaya, the poem was published for the first time - ed. 1936. Until now, it is considered beyond doubt that A.S. Pushkin’s message to the Decembrists was written at the end of 1826 - beginning of 1827. and was transferred in January 1827 to A.G. Muravyova, who was leaving for Siberia. Hence, O.’s answer is always dated back to 1827. But in the unpublished work of M.K. Azadovsky, dedicated to this poem by A.S. Pushkin, it is convincingly proven that in reality A.S. Pushkin’s message was written at the end of 1828. Consequently, O.'s answer could not have been written earlier than the end of 1828 - beginning of 1829. Date: 1828 is also on the list of P.I. Bartenev; All other lists of O.'s poem have no date. In most lists (mainly later ones) and in printed texts there are discrepancies:

Art. 4 But they only found shackles
Art. 11 And our Orthodox people
Art. 14-15 And again we will light the fire of freedom,
And with her we will attack the kings

In addition, on the list of P.I. Bartenev:

Art. 1 Strings of prophetic memorable sounds

The answer to A.S. Pushkin is O.’s most famous poem, which was distributed in numerous lists and firmly entered the arsenal of underground revolutionary poetry. The line “From a spark will ignite a flame” served as the epigraph for Lenin’s Iskra.

Year of writing: 1828-1829

What is romance? Romance is an amazing combination of poetry and music that has found many admirers. Beautiful lyrical performances accompanied by live music have always touched the hearts of listeners and connoisseurs of the classics. It's amazing how such a short piece of music can touch the deepest strings of our soul. Romance is an ancient genre. Its history goes back to the Middle Ages. The term “romance” itself originated in medieval Spain. During that period of history, a genre of secular songs appeared, usually these were poems by famous poets of the Romantic era, set to music and conveying deep emotions. By the way, today the words “romance” and “song” are identical in many languages. Over time, this musical genre gained such popularity that single works began to be combined into entire vocal cycles. It is symbolic that the first such cycle was created by the genius of world music and the father of classics - Beethoven. His idea was picked up and continued by equally famous musicians such as Brahms, Schumann and Schubert.

Main characteristics of a romance Romance is a musical poem similar to a song. But still there are significant differences in the construction of the work itself. For example, there is absolutely no chorus, or, as it is also called, a refrain. Although practice shows that there are exceptions to the rules. It is interesting that the romance is usually performed solo, less often by a duet, and almost never by a choir. A special distinguishing feature of this genre is its semantic load. His lines always carry a certain story that is close to both the author and his listeners. This could be an autobiographical story about an unhappy love story, or the author’s reflections on one or another life topic. Romance is not an exclusively melancholic genre. There are many examples of satirical and funny poetic narratives set to music.

"Mountain peaks". A. Varlamov, words by M. Lermontov.

A little about Russian romance. Over time, with the appearance of musical instruments in the homes of wealthy people, romance seeped into Russian culture. Perhaps this was inspired by the spirit of romanticism that permeated the entire early nineteenth century. It was very much to the taste of the demanding public, and it was immediately picked up by such composers as Varlamov, Gurilev, Alyabyev, Glinka.

"I remember a wonderful moment." M. Glinka, words by A. Pushkin.

"Lark" M. Glinka, words by the Puppeteer.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka made an invaluable contribution to the history of Russian romance. As you know, he wrote more than eighty works of various directions. Glinka's romances are unique masterpieces, the creation of which only such talented and gifted individuals as Mikhail Ivanovich can create. His favorite romances were based on poems by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. He always appreciated good poetry and realized that true romance could not exist without it. Some of the composers considered it necessary to introduce a spirit of freedom and cheerfulness into Russian romance and at the same time allowed the performer to demonstrate his vocal abilities. The accompaniment here is just a background, but organically connected with the poetic basis. Today there are millions of fans of the world-famous genre.

"Don't wake her up at dawn" A. Varlamov, words by A. Fet.

Thanks to the love and support of the public, he does not stand still, but develops and moves forward every day. Of course, no matter how much time passes, romance will remain one of the leading and most important areas of chamber music. An increasing number of people find in it something close to themselves, some kind of outlet in their experiences and problems. It is comforting to know that romance has not faded into the background over time; it continues to remain a favorite vocal genre.

"The lonely sail is white." A. Varlamov, words by Lermontov.

"Beggar." A. Alyabyev, words by P. Beranger.

"The bell rings monotonously." A. Gurilev, words by I. Makarov.

"Foggy morning." E. Abaza, words by Turgenev.

"You don't understand my sadness." A. Gurilev, words by Beshentsov.

“My darling” A. Dubuk, words by Pisarev.