The variety of art styles of the 17th and 18th centuries. Stylistic diversity of art of the XVII-XVIII centuries

In Europe, the process of separation of countries and peoples has been completed. Science has expanded knowledge about the world. The foundations of all modern natural sciences were laid: chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, astronomy. The scientific discoveries of the beginning of the 17th century finally shook the image of the universe, in the center of which was man himself. If earlier art affirmed the harmony of the Universe, now man was afraid of the threat of chaos, the collapse of the Cosmic world order. These changes were reflected in the development of art. The 17th-18th centuries is one of the brightest pages in the history of world artistic culture. This is the time when the Renaissance was replaced by the artistic styles of baroque, rococo, classicism and realism, which saw the world in a new way.

MANERISM Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera manner, style), a trend in Western European art of the 16th century, which reflected the crisis of the humanistic culture of the Renaissance. Outwardly following the masters of the High Renaissance, the works of the Mannerists are distinguished by their complexity, intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, and often sharpness of artistic solutions. El Greco "Christ on the Mount of Olives", Nat. Gal., London

If in the art of the Renaissance a person is the lord and creator of life, then in the works of Mannerism he is a small grain of sand in the world chaos. Mannerism covered various types of artistic creativity - architecture, painting, sculpture, decorative and applied arts. El Greco "Laocoön"

The Uffizi Gallery of the Palazzo del Te in Mantua Mannerism in architecture expresses itself in violations of the Renaissance balance; using architectonically unmotivated structural solutions that cause the viewer to feel uneasy. The most significant achievements of Mannerist architecture include the Palazzo del Te in Mantua (the work of Giulio Romano). The building of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence is sustained in a mannerist spirit.

The main features of the Baroque are splendor, solemnity, splendor, dynamism, life-affirming character. Baroque art is characterized by bold contrasts of scale, light and shadow, color, a combination of reality and fantasy. Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela Church of the Sign of the Virgin in Dubrovitsy Moscow.

It is especially necessary to note in the Baroque style the fusion of various arts in a single ensemble, a large degree of interpenetration of architecture, sculpture, painting and decorative art. This desire for a synthesis of the arts is a fundamental feature of the Baroque. Versailles

The main themes of the art of classicism were the triumph of public principles over personal ones, the subordination of feelings to duty, the idealization of heroic images. N. Poussin "The Shepherds of Arcadia" Louvre, Paris

In painting, the logical unfolding of the plot, a clear balanced composition, a clear transfer of volume, the subordinate role of color with the help of chiaroscuro, and the use of local colors have acquired the main importance. Claude Lorrain "Departure of the Queen of Sheba" The artistic forms of classicism are characterized by strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images.

In the countries of Europe, classicism existed for two and a half centuries, and then, changing, was reborn in the neoclassical trends of the 19th - 20th centuries. The works of classicist architecture were distinguished by the strict organization of geometric lines, the clarity of volumes, and the regularity of planning.

The image of a person lost its independent meaning, the figure turned into a detail of the ornamental decoration of the interior. Rococo painting was predominantly decorative. Rococo painting, closely associated with the interior, was developed in decorative and easel chamber forms. Antoine Watteau "Departure for the island of Cythera" (1721) Fragonard "Swing" (1767)

REALISM Realism (French réalisme, from late Latin reālis "real", from Latin rēs "thing") is an aesthetic position, according to which the task of art is to capture reality as accurately and objectively as possible. The term "realism" was first used by the French literary critic J. Chanfleury in the 50s. Jules Breton. "Religious Ceremony" (1858)

Thomas Eakins. “Max Schmitt in a Boat” (1871) The birth of realism in painting is most often associated with the work of the French artist Gustave Courbet (), who opened his personal exhibition “Pavilion of Realism” in 1855 in Paris. realism was divided into two main areas naturalism and impressionism. Gustave Courbet. "Funeral in Ornan"

Conclusions: In the art of the 17th - 18th centuries, various artistic styles coexisted. Diverse in their manifestations, they nevertheless possessed unity and commonality. Sometimes completely opposite artistic solutions and images were only original answers to the most important questions of the life of society and man. It is impossible to unequivocally express what changes happened by the 17th century in the attitude of people. But it became obvious that the ideals of humanism did not stand the test of time. The environment, the environment and the reflection of the world in movement become the main thing for the art of the 17th - 18th centuries.

Perform test tasks: Each question has several possible answers. Correct, in your opinion, answers should be marked (underline or put a plus sign). For each correct answer you get one point. The maximum amount of points is 30. The amount of points scored from 24 to 30 corresponds to the test. 1. Arrange the epochs, styles, trends in art listed below in chronological order: a) Classicism; b) Baroque; c) Romanesque style; d) Renaissance; e) Realism; f) Antiquity; g) Gothic; h) Mannerism; i) Rococo

2. Country - the birthplace of the Baroque: a) France; b) Italy; c) Holland; d) Germany. 3. Match the term and definition: a) baroque b) classicism c) realism 1. strict, balanced, harmonious; 2. reproduction of reality through sensory forms; 3. lush, dynamic, contrasting. 4. Many elements of this style were embodied in the art of classicism: a) antique; b) baroque; c) gothic. 5. This style is considered lush, pretentious: a) classicism; b) baroque; c) mannerism.

6. Strict organization, balance, clarity and harmony of images are characteristic of this style: a) rococo; b) classicism; c) baroque. 7. The works of this style are distinguished by the tension of the images, the mannered sophistication of the form, the sharpness of artistic solutions: a) rococo; b) mannerism; c) baroque. 8. Insert the architectural style “Architecture ……… (L. Bernini, F. Borromini in Italy, B. F. Rastrelli in Russia) is characterized by spatial scope, fusion, fluidity of complex, usually curvilinear forms. There are often deployed large-scale colonnades, an abundance of sculpture on the facades and in the interiors "a) Gothic b) Romanesque style c) Baroque

9. Representatives of classicism in painting. a) Delacroix; b) Poussin; c) Malevich. 10. Representatives of realism in painting. a) Delacroix b) Poussin; c) Repin. 11. Periodization of the Baroque era: a) c. b) c. c) 17th century (late 16th-mid 18th century). 12. G. Galileo, N. Copernicus, I. Newton are: a) sculptors b) scientists c) painters d) poets 14. Match the paintings with the authors: a) Claude Lorrain; b) Nicolas Poussin; c) Ilya Repin; d) El Greco

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Art critic A.A. Anikst noted: “confidence in the imminent and inevitable triumph of the positive principles of life disappears. The feeling of its tragic contradictions is aggravated. The former faith gives way to skepticism. The humanists themselves no longer trust reason as a good force. Able to renew life. They also have doubts about the nature of man - whether good principles really dominate in it.

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Stylistic diversity of art of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Mannerism Baroque Classicism Rococo Realism

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Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera - manner, style) is a trend in European art of the 16th century, reflecting the crisis of the humanistic culture of the High Renaissance. The main aesthetic criterion is not following nature. The mannerists distorted the harmonious principle inherent in them, cultivating ideas about the precariousness of human destiny, which is in the power of irrational forces. The works of these masters are distinguished by sharp coloristic and light and shade dissonances, complexity and exaggerated expressiveness of poses and motives of movement, elongated proportions of figures, virtuoso drawing, where the line outlining the volume acquires an independent meaning. G. Arcimboldo El Greco El Greco Christ Carrying the Cross

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P. Rubens. Marchioness Brigitte Spinola Doria Renbrant. "Christ during a storm on the Sea of Galilee" V.V. Rastrelli. Ambassadorial Staircase Baroque (Italian barocco, literally - bizarre, strange), one of the dominant styles in the architecture and art of Europe and Latin America in the late 16th - mid-18th centuries. Baroque embodied new ideas about the unity, infinity and diversity of the world, about its dramatic complexity and eternal variability; his aesthetics was built on the collision of man and the world, ideal and sensual principles, reason and irrationalism. Baroque art is characterized by grandiosity, pomp and dynamics, intensity of feelings, passion for spectacular spectacle, the combination of the illusory and the real, strong contrasts of scales and rhythms, materials and textures, light and shadow.

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Bryullov Karl. The last day of Pompeii Bryullov Karl. Narcissus Looking into the Water by Nicolas Poussin. Triumph of Neptune Poussin Nicolas Classicism, an artistic style in European art of the 17th-early 19th century, one of the most important features of which was the appeal to the forms of ancient art as an ideal aesthetic and ethical standard. The principles of rationalistic philosophy underlying classicism determined the view of theorists and practitioners of the classical style on a work of art as a fruit of reason and logic, triumphing over the chaos and fluidity of sensually perceived life. In Classicism painting, line and chiaroscuro became the main elements of form modeling, local color clearly reveals the plasticity of figures and objects, and separates the spatial plans of the picture.

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Pompeo Batoni Diana and Cupid Watteau Antoine Dance of Sebastian Ricci Abraham and three angels Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille, rocaille - a decorative shell-shaped motif), a style trend in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century. Passion for exquisite and complex shapes, bizarre lines, much like the silhouette of a shell. Subtle transfusions of color and at the same time somewhat faded in color rococo painting. Complicated love affairs, fleeting hobbies, daring, risky, socially challenging actions of a person, adventures, fantasies. Rococo artists were characterized by a subtle culture of color, the ability to build a composition with continuous decorative spots, the achievement of general lightness, emphasized by a light palette, a preference for faded, silvery-bluish, golden and pink hues.

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Realism (from French realisme, from Latin realis - material) - in art in a broad sense, a truthful, objective, comprehensive reflection of reality by specific means inherent in the types of artistic creativity. The common features of the method of realism is the reliability in the reproduction of reality. Accuracy, concreteness, unbiased perception of life, attention to common folk types, a deeply felt perception of everyday life and nature, simplicity and naturalness of human feelings. Ilya Repin Barge haulers on the Volga

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In the art of the XVII-XVIII centuries. there were different artistic styles. Diverse in their manifestations, they had a deep inner unity and commonality. Sometimes completely opposite artistic solutions and images were only original answers to the most important questions of life and society.

In the art of the 17th - 18th centuries, various artistic styles coexisted. The presentation gives a brief description of the styles. The material corresponds to Danilova's textbook "World Artistic Culture" grade 11.

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Style diversity of art of the XVII-XVIII centuries Brutus Guldaeva S.M.

ARTISTIC STYLES Style is a combination of artistic means and techniques in the works of an artist, an artistic movement, an entire era. Mannerism Baroque Classicism Rococo Realism

MANERISM Mannerism (Italian manierismo, from maniera - manner, style), a trend in Western European art of the 16th century, which reflected the crisis of the humanistic culture of the Renaissance. Outwardly following the masters of the High Renaissance, the works of the Mannerists are distinguished by their complexity, intensity of images, mannered sophistication of form, and often sharpness of artistic solutions. El Greco "Christ on the Mount of Olives", 1605. National. Gal., London

Characteristic features of the style Mannerism (artsy): Sophistication. pretentiousness. Image of a fantastic, otherworldly world. Broken contour lines. Light and color contrast. Shape lengthening. Instability and complexity of poses.

BAROQUE Baroque (Italian barocco - whimsical) is an artistic style that prevailed from the end of the 16th to the middle of the 18th centuries. in European art. This style originated in Italy and spread to other countries after the Renaissance.

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE BAROQUE STYLE: Splendor. pretentiousness. Curvature of forms. Brightness of colors. An abundance of gilding. An abundance of twisted columns and spirals.

The main features of the Baroque are splendor, solemnity, splendor, dynamism, life-affirming character. Baroque art is characterized by bold contrasts of scale, light and shadow, color, a combination of reality and fantasy. Cathedral of Santiago - de - Compostela Church of the Sign of the Virgin in Dubrovitsy. 1690-1704. Moscow.

CLASSICISM Classicism from lat. classicus - "exemplary" - an artistic trend in European art of the 17th-19th centuries, focused on the ideals of ancient classics. Nicolas Poussin "Dance to the Music of Time" (1636).

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF CLASSICISM: Restraint. Simplicity. Objectivity. Definition. Smooth contour line.

ROCOCO Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille, rocaille - a decorative motif in the shape of a shell), a style trend in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century. Church of Francis of Assisi in Ouro Preto

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ROCOCO: Refinement and complexity of forms. Fancifulness of lines, ornaments. Ease. Grace. Airiness. Flirtatiousness.

Originating in France, Rococo in the field of architecture was mainly reflected in the nature of the decor, which acquired emphatically elegant, sophisticated and sophisticated forms. Amalienburg near Munich.

REALISM Realism (French réalisme, from late Latin reālis “real”, from Latin rēs “thing”) is an aesthetic position, according to which the task of art is to capture reality as accurately and objectively as possible. The term "realism" was first used by the French literary critic J. Chanfleury in the 50s. Jules Breton. "Religious Ceremony" (1858)

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF REALISM: Objectivity. Accuracy. Concreteness. Simplicity. Naturalness.

Thomas Eakins. "Max Schmitt in a boat" (1871) The birth of realism in painting is most often associated with the work of the French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877), who opened his personal exhibition "Pavilion of Realism" in 1855 in Paris. realism was divided into two main areas - naturalism and impressionism. Gustave Courbet. "Funeral in Ornan". 1849-1850

Realistic painting has become widespread outside of France. In different countries it was known under different names, in Russia it was known as Wanderers. I. E. Repin. "Barge haulers on the Volga" (1873)

References: 1. Danilova G.I. World Art. Grade 11. - M.: Bustard, 2007. Literature for additional reading: Solodovnikov Yu.A. World Art. Grade 11. - M .: Education, 2010. Encyclopedia for children. Art. Volume 7.- M.: Avanta+, 1999. http://ru.wikipedia.org/

Perform test tasks: Each question has several possible answers. Correct, in your opinion, answers should be marked (underline or put a plus sign). For each correct answer you get one point. The maximum amount of points is 30. The amount of points scored from 24 to 30 corresponds to the test. Arrange the epochs, styles, trends in art listed below in chronological order: a) Classicism; b) Baroque; c) Romanesque style; d) Renaissance; e) Realism; f) Antiquity; g) Gothic; h) Mannerism; i) Rococo

9. Representatives of classicism in painting. a) Delacroix; b) Poussin; c) Malevich. 10. Representatives of realism in painting. a) Delacroix b) Poussin; c) Repin. 11. Periodization of the Baroque era: a) 14-16 centuries. b) 15-16 century. c) 17th century (late 16th-mid 18th century). 12. G. Galileo, N. Copernicus, I. Newton are: a) sculptors b) scientists c) painters d) poets

13. Match the works with styles: a) classicism; b) baroque; c) mannerism; d) rococo 1 2 3 4

Stylistic diversity of art of the 17th - 18th centuries

MHK 11, part 2.
Module 1
Lesson 1
Teacher MHK Smirnova Olga Georgievna
1 sq. category
MOU "Klimovskaya secondary school"

El Greco Healing a Blind Man 1570 Dresden Gallery

So much news in twenty years And in the sphere of stars, and in the form of planets, The universe crumbles into atoms All ties are torn, everything is crushed into pieces. The foundations have been shaken and now Everything has become relative to us. John Donne

Prerequisites for the emergence of new styles

rebirth

New Styles

The world is one

The scientific discoveries of the beginning of the 17th century finally shook the image of the universe.
Man is an insignificant grain of sand of the universe
Chaos, the collapse of the cosmic world order
tragedy, skepticism

Man is the measure of all things (Renaissance)
Universe harmony

Humanism

New Styles

Mannerism

Baroque

Rococo

Classicism

Realism

Mannerism (characteristics)

Exquisite, virtuoso technique
The tension and pretentiousness of the images that were in the power of supernatural forces
Refusal of the image of the real world and departure to the fantastic, otherworldly world
Brokenness, "serpentine" contour lines
Sharp play of light and color contrasts
An unexpected juxtaposition of large and small plans
pile of naked bodies
Unusual elongation of figures or, conversely, a clear reduction in detail
Instability and complexity of postures

Martyrdom of Saint Mauritius.

1580 - 1583

The main goal of baroque is the desire to surprise, to cause amazement
Like mannerism, baroque conveyed the tension of conflict, the spirit of contradictions
But the desire for the revival of harmony in human life is much more pronounced.
A person is obsessed with the desire to identify and understand the main laws of the development of life.
Lust for life, fear of death combined with the instinct of self-preservation
Heroic deeds on the verge of tragedy and horror. Man before a choice
Understanding the futility of being, the frailty of life

What is life? A fleeting shadow, buffoon, Furiously noisy on the stage And an hour later forgotten by everyone; fairy tale Rich in words in the mouth of a fool And the ringing of phrases, but poor in meaning. William Shakespeare

The main themes of the Baroque

human suffering and suffering
Mystical allegories
The ratio of good and evil, life and death, love and hate, thirst for pleasure and retribution for them

Character traits

Emotional intensity of passions
Dynamism and "anxiety" of silhouettes
picture entertainment
Exaggerated splendor of forms
An abundance and heap of bizarre details
Use of unexpected metaphors
At the same time, the Baroque revived some of the common features of the Renaissance: a broad affirmative character, energetic optimism, an integral, consistent view of the world, a commitment to the ensemble and synthesis of the arts.

Age of Enlightenment Classicism

Main topics:

The triumph of public beginnings over personal
Submission of a sense of duty
Idealization of heroic images

Characteristic features of classicism

Clarity, directness and simplicity in expressing content
Restraint, calmness in emotions and passions
Striving for an objective reflection of the surrounding world
Dignity and rationality in actions
Maintaining correctness and order
The architecture is distinguished by the strict organization of geometric lines, the clarity of volumes, and the regularity of planning.
In painting and sculpture and DPI: logical unfolding of the plot, balanced composition, smooth contour line, clear modeling of volume, subordination of color to semantic accents

Rococo (characteristics)

Refined, complex shapes, whimsical lines
Shell styling. Turning it into complex curls, into decorations in the form of a shield, scroll, coat of arms or emblem
Acanth motif (stylization of a herbaceous plant)
In Russia - rocaille - decorative ornaments imitating the combination of bizarre shells and outlandish plants
Mascarons - molded, carved or twisted masks in the form of a human face or the head of an animal, placed over windows, doors, arches, fountains, vases, furniture

Plant

Stylization in the Rococo style

Time of occurrence - 17th - 18th century
The principle of realistic art is reflection “as in a mirror”
At the same time, naturalism, blind imitation of nature, is alien to true realism.
Artists only learned to see life for what it is.

Interpenetration and enrichment of artistic styles

Sketch by Bernini

Claude Perrault

In the art of the 17th-18th century, various artistic styles coexisted
Diverse in their manifestations, they nevertheless possessed a deep inner unity and commonality.
Often, completely opposite artistic solutions and images were only original answers to the most important questions of the life of society and man.

Questions to the topic

What are the characteristic features and artistic ideals of 17th-18th century art? How have ideas about man and the general picture of the world changed compared to the Renaissance?
Tell us about the stylistic diversity of the 17th and 18th centuries. What are their main distinguishing features

teacher MHK MBOU gymnasium

Safonov, Smolensk region

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Artistic culture of the 17th - 18th centuries.

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Style (lat) - 2 values:

1) the constructive principle of the structure of objects and phenomena of the world of culture (lifestyle, clothing, speech, communication, architecture, painting, etc.),

2) features of artistic creativity, art schools and trends (style of Hellenism, classicism, romanticism, modern, etc.)

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The emergence of new styles and the Renaissance

Renaissance (Renaissance) - an era in the cultural and ideological development of a number of European countries (XIV - XVI centuries)

Dogmatic art was replaced by the desire for a realistic knowledge of the world, faith in the creative possibilities and power of the mind of an individual.

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Distinctive features of the Renaissance culture:

secular character,
humanist outlook,
appeal to ancient heritage.

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S. Botticelli. Birth of Venus

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S. Raphael. Galatea

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From Renaissance Humanism to Mannerism and Baroque

Mannerism (from Italian - “reception”, “manner”) is the dominant artistic trend in European art at the end of the 16th century.

Representatives of mannerism in their work did not follow nature, but tried to express the subjective idea of the image born in the soul of the artist.

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Titian. Bacchus and Ariadne

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Baroque

Baroque (“bizarre”, “strange” is one of the dominant styles in European architecture and art of the late 16th - mid-18th centuries.

A person in baroque art appears involved in the cycle and conflict of the environment, a multifaceted personality with a complex inner world.

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Baroque art is characterized

gracefulness
splendor and dynamics,
combination of illusory and real,
addiction to spectacular spectacles,
contrasts of scales and rhythms, materials and textures, light and shadow.

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Guido Reni. Aurora

Aurora, 1614, fresco, Palazzo Pallavicini Rospigliosi, Rome

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Peter Paul Rubens. Judgment of Paris

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P.P. Rubens. Perseus and Andromeda

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The Age of Enlightenment in the history of the development of art

Classicism as an artistic embodiment of the ideas of the Enlightenment.
Classicism is an artistic style in European art of the 17th - early 19th centuries.
Appeal to the ancient heritage and humanistic ideals of the Renaissance.
The subordination of personal interests to the public, feelings to duty, the idealization of heroic images are the main themes of the art of classicism.

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F. Bush. Bathing Diana

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Rococo

Rococo is a style that was developed in the European plastic arts of the first half of the 18th century.
Passion for refined and complex forms, bizarre lines.
The task of Rococo art is to please, touch and entertain.
Complicated love intrigues, fleeting hobbies, bold and risky actions of heroes, adventures and fantasies. Gallant entertainment and holidays are the main subjects of Rococo works.

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Realistic tendencies in the development of art of the 17th - 18th centuries.

Objectivity, accuracy and concreteness in the transmission of events in the surrounding world
Lack of idealization
Attention to common folk types
Deep perception of life and nature
Simplicity and naturalness in the transfer of the world of human feelings