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AIDS in Russia: statistics. AIDS center

Rospotrebnadzor noted a surge in the incidence of HIV infection: last year, 43% more Muscovites became infected with it than in 2014.

The capital's Rospotrebnadzor is sounding the alarm: in 2015, the number of HIV-infected citizens was almost twice as high as the year before. If two years ago there were 1,626 “positive” people, then in 2015 there were already 2,358 of them. Experts say that the crisis is to blame: there is not enough money to finance special programs, HIV prevention and people’s education have stopped.

The sad citywide statistics were broken down by districts, and it turned out that New Moscow and Zelenograd became the leaders in the number of cases.

Interestingly, almost half of all those infected in 2015 are Muscovites approaching adulthood (30-39 years old). A quarter of those infected are young people aged 20-29 years. Most often, a terrible diagnosis is made for men - 63%. Z Most often, drug addicts are infected, who become infected when using other people's syringes. Those were 53%. About 40% of cases of infection are unprotected sexual contacts, and about 1.5% are homosexual relationships. Insignificant proportions are the transmission of HIV from mother to child and infection in medical facilities.Moreover, HIV is also diagnosed in teenagers who have not reached the "age of consent". However, last year there were almost a quarter fewer infected children under the age of 17: 29 people in all of Moscow.

Judging by the report of specialists, infected mothers in Moscow give birth to mostly healthy children. Rospotrebnadzor calculated that from 2013 to 2015, HIV-positive mothers gave birth to 1902 children, and only 32 of them had a terrible diagnosis. In 2015, 682 babies were born, and the infection was transmitted to only eight. In 2014, for comparison, far fewer children were born - 593, but the virus was transmitted to twelve of them. That is, there is a decrease in cases of transmission of the virus.

Over the past three years, doctors examined in Moscow13.2 million people - this is actually the entire population of the city.In 2015, 4.6 million people were tested for HIV. There are twice as many foreigners among them as in 2014. It is possible that it was foreigners who influenced the negative statistics for 2015 on the incidence of HIV.

If all migrants, internal and external, were tested in our country, this figure would be four times higher, - says Kirill Barsky, head of programs at the Steps AIDS Foundation.- It is impossible to count all migrants diagnosed with HIV, because our legislation is structured in such a way that a sick foreigner is deported from the country without the right to enter. Migrants know this and are not tested. And if one of them is diagnosed with HIV, they try to escape underground. Not receiving proper treatment, they themselves partly become the source of the epidemic.

The main Russian center for the fight against AIDS connects the growth of infected people in Moscow with insufficient funding for special programs.

The number of cases is growing, there is no downward trend. The main reason is the lack of normal prevention, ”Vadim Pokrovsky, director of the Federal Center for the Fight against AIDS, told Life. - In general, there should be a single state program to combat HIV, but so far no one has been doing this in our country.

The head of the Ministry of Health, Veronika Skvortsova, already warned a few days ago that if funding for special programs is not increased, then by 2020The HIV epidemic may already cover the whole of Russia.

Specialists from the non-profit partnership E.V.A., which provides support to HIV-positive mothers and their children, believe that the number of “positive” people in Moscow has increased, among other factors, due to pure mathematics: in 2015, people were tested more often.

In 2015, testing programs across Russia were increased, reaching much more people. The events were held by both non-profit organizations and medical state institutions: they offered people to anonymously take tests and told how to deal with and how to live with HIV, - project coordinator E.V.A. told Life. Alexey Lakhov.

In 2017, 2.6 billion rubles less will be allocated for programs to reduce mortality and prevent HIV transmission to children. This money was supposed to be allocated under the program "Protection of the health of mother and child from 2013 to 2020". Experts say that Russia - one of the world leaders in reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

- In our country, this figure is kept in the region of two percent, butfunding for the program is now being cut. And this can lead to the fact that the percentage of transmission of the virus, which we have achieved with such difficulty, will creep up, warns Lakhov. - Two percent is a significant achievement, which, I hope, no one will squander.

Despite problems with funding, they are fighting the infection to the maximum. Last year, 13,000 registered patients received treatment in Moscow.

In 2015, 27.9 thousand HIV-infected people out of 28.6 thousand subject to observation underwent dispensary observation at the Moscow City Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, the coverage of dispensary observation was 97.8%.

Earlier Life Since 1987, when the first case of the virus was registered in Russia, the total number of cases has crept up to 750 thousand people. HIV-infected people have the right to receive drugs that suppress the virus free of charge from the state. But not everyone gets it. According to Minister of Health Veronika Skvortsova, 37% of those infected are now receiving drugs. The plans are to cover 60% by 2020.

Moreover, in some regions there is not enough money even to provide patients with the minimum necessary therapy. Prices for drugs are rising because 90% of tenders for the purchase are held without competition, and 27 billion rubles of budget money are fraternally divided by several private companies.

And all this despite the fact that a huge number of patients either do not know about the disease at all, or are in no hurry to get registered and receive free medicines. Many are afraid that they will be fired from their jobs, that their relatives will turn away from them if they find out about the disease. Therefore, in the government, who did not register with the regional AIDS centers. The offenders will be punished. Deputy Prime Minister Olga Golodets has already instructed the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other departments to conduct a public discussion of this idea.

Of all countries in the world, the highest growth rate in the number of new cases of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus) was recorded in Russia. Deborah Burks, coordinator of global AIDS programs, said this in her speech at the US State Department on the occasion of World AIDS Day celebrated annually on December 1st. She said that "the largest increase in the number of new HIV infections worldwide is observed in Russia due to the lack of response in the fight against the breadth and depth of the epidemic in the country."

She did not provide any figures or data to support her words. However, official statistics confirm these words of the representative of the US State Department. At the beginning of 2017, there were about 36.7 million people living with HIV in the world, mostly in developing countries, including countries in Africa. Russia accounts for about 900,000 of them, according to official statistics. The real figures in the Russian Federation, according to domestic experts,.

In 2016, 1.8 million new infections were recorded worldwide, in other words, about five thousand people are infected with HIV every day on the planet - one every 17 seconds. In Russia, the annual increase in the number of new cases of infection with the virus averages 10%: in 2014 - 89808 cases of new infections, in 2015 - 98232 people newly infected, in 2016 - 103438 cases. And this year will be no exception. Mortality from HIV infection, according to Rosstat, in Russia is also growing annually: in 2014 - 12540 deaths, in 2015 - 15520, in 2016 - 18575 deaths.

The World Health Organization (WHO), which has kept HIV statistics by region since the 1980s, when they began collecting and analyzing them, reports that the total number of people infected in the European Region has reached 2,167,684, including 1,114,815 cases registered in Russia.

Over the past year, according to WHO, in the European Region, 160 thousand new cases This is the maximum in the history of observations. The European region is the only one where the number of new infections is on the rise. But this does not mean that these threatening data refer to Europe. WHO statistics "for the European Region" unites 53 countries with a population of almost 900 million people - in addition to the countries of the European Economic Area (EU / EEA), this also includes Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Russia.

In the EU countries themselves, only 29,000 new HIV infections were recorded last year. Russia spoils the "European statistics", since out of the total regional figure of 160 thousand, more than 103 thousand cases are in our country.

A joint report by the WHO and the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) says this is the highest number of cases reported in a single year. "If the trend continues, we will miss our target of ending the spread of the HIV epidemic by 2030," says Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe.

In Russia, the highest incidence rates were also noted in 2016 - 70.6 cases per 100,000 population, in Ukraine this figure is 33.7 per 100 thousand, in Belarus - 25.2, in Moldova - 20.5. The number of newly diagnosed HIV infections in Russia and Ukraine is 73% of the number of infections in the European Region and 92% of the total in the east of the European Region.

In 2014, more than 142,000 new cases of HIV infection were recorded in the European Region (of which 89,808 cases were in the Russian Federation), in 2015 - 153,407 (of which 98,232 were in the Russian Federation). By the end of 2017, there will also be at least 100 thousand new infected people in Russia, Vadim Pokrovsky, head of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, is convinced.

According to him, the number of deaths due to HIV-positive status is also growing. "Last year, 18.5 thousand people, according to Rosstat, died precisely from AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). In fact, more than 30 thousand people died with HIV, but why the remaining 15 thousand died is a question that needs to be studied," Pokrovsky said.

It cannot be said that the increase in the incidence rate is decreasing in Russia, one can only speak of a decrease in the increase in new cases. "We do not reduce growth, but as it was, it remains such, it is added," says Vadim Pokrovsky, head of the scientific and methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS.

Since 2016, the Ministry of Health has taken into account only non-anonymous infected people - those who have been tested in state medical institutions with a passport and an insurance certificate in their hands. There were 86,800 such people in 2016 compared to 100,000 in 2015. And taking into account anonymous analyzes, Rospotrebnadzor counted 125,000 new cases of laboratory confirmation of HIV infection in 2016. Thus, the Ministry of Health closed its eyes to at least 20% of those infected. And a large part of HIV-infected people is not yet aware of their diagnosis, since the latent form can last 10-20 years.

At the same time, there is not enough money in the state budget for the treatment of HIV / AIDS. WHO recommends immunosuppressive antiretroviral therapy (ARV) to all those diagnosed with HIV, while in Russia the coverage of ARV therapy is 46% of the 650,000 people with HIV registered by the Ministry of Health, or 33% of the 900,000 living carriers of the virus registered Rospotrebnadzor as of the end of 2016.

State strategy of the Russian Federation to combat HIV: there is no prevention, only those who are already infected are identified

Recall that the state strategy to combat the spread of HIV, adopted by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, set the task of bringing the coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ARV), which suppresses the immunodeficiency virus, to 90% of all infected by 2020 - this would stop the epidemic.

However, it is not easy for Russian citizens to receive such treatment, and in the countryside it is completely unrealistic, the medicines given to patients are far from the most modern, with a large number of side effects and mostly generics - medicines that differ in composition from the original medicine both in the amount of active substance and by its quality.

In February 2015, due to the unfavorable dynamics of the spread of HIV infection in the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Health developed an AIDS response strategy until 2020. Officials planned to reduce prices for drugs vital to the infected through import substitution and the creation of cheaper Russian analogues.

But the Russian drug for the treatment of HIV will be registered at best only in 5-10 years, TASS reports. The development of the domestic gene therapy drug Dinavir, which is being developed by a group of scientists from the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, is now only at the stage of preclinical trials.

As for existing medicines, Vadim Pokrovsky, head of the Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, says that only a quarter of patients receive them.

Despite the fact that the government of the Russian Federation in April announced an increase in spending on the fight against AIDS, only 60,000 people will feel the positive effect - "a drop of water on a hot stone," Pokrovsky believes.

In general, according to him, there are no pre-exposure prophylaxis programs (PrEP) in Russia, when antiretroviral drugs are taken by people with a potentially high risk of contracting HIV. There are no funds for this, because there are not enough medicines even for already infected citizens. Against this background, the only concept that works and is officially approved in Russia is the “test and treat” strategy, recalls Medvestnik. “Prevention should prevent infection, and we are identifying those who are already infected, and every year more and more. At the same time, next year the State Duma is going to reduce the budget for the treatment of HIV infection from 17.5 to 16.5 billion rubles. Therefore, it is not surprising that that our epidemic is on the rise," Pokrovsky said.

“The Russian state does not stand on ceremony with those who criticize it. As soon as Pokrovsky complained about the insufficiently active fight against the epidemic, the Ministry of Health deprived the Federal AIDS Center in June of this year of state funds under a far-fetched pretext. Non-governmental organizations also face an increased number of obstacles. Many of them are forced to curtail their work, since, according to the law that came out in 2012, they are required to register as "foreign agents," recalls the Swiss newspaper Neue Zuercher Zeitung... By the way, in Switzerland the situation is almost stable - in 2016, the virus was detected in 539 people there, in 2015 - 537.

Sex between men remains a major mode of HIV transmission

Despite the existence of specialized prevention programs in many European countries, sex between men continues to be the predominant mode of HIV transmission in the European Economic Area (EU/EEA).

In all previous years, cases of diagnosing HIV infection among men who have sex with men have grown at an alarming rate - from 30% in 2005 to 42% in 2014.

According to acting Director of the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) Andrea Ammon, to reduce these statistics, it is necessary to adopt new strategies, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection (PrEP) and access to health care for EU citizens living in other countries.

In Russia, the official statistics are different: 40% of all HIV-infected people are people of traditional sexual orientation, from 55% to 60% of those infected were infected as a result of drug use, and only less than 2% were infected through homosexual contacts.

However, these figures are again far from reality due to the fact that in Russia, due to the high level of condemnation, gays cannot even tell doctors that they had same-sex contacts. “In AIDS centers there is a system of codes that are assigned to different groups. For men who have sex with men, this is 103. But they are given other codes, for example 105 (persons with promiscuity). And in this way gays replenish the statistics of the heterosexual path But according to studies by public organizations, every sixth gay person in Russia is already infected,” Yevgeny Pisemsky, head of the Phoenix Plus NGO in Oryol, told Radio Liberty.

"Specialists in AIDS centers are well aware of such underestimated statistics. But they are always under the sword of Damocles of the law on the so-called propaganda among minors and interpret it in such a way that "just in case, we will not even mention it, otherwise we will be accused of propaganda homosexuality. But only real numbers could convince society that the problem exists," says Pisemsky.

According to the Open Institutes of Health Foundation, the results of a 2017 biobehavioral study show that the average prevalence of HIV infection among gay men in Russia is 18% (in Moscow - 13%, in St. Petersburg - 24%, in Yekaterinburg - 16%).

According to Pisemsky, the state will not be able to fight HIV without recognizing that it is in this risk group that it spreads very quickly. This means that no prevention is carried out in this environment, and gays themselves receive a deceptive confidence that the HIV problem does not concern them.

Every second HIV-infected person is diagnosed at a late stage

Nearly half of HIV infections across the European Region, which includes Russia, are diagnosed at a late stage, increasing the risk of ill health, death and HIV transmission.

The large number of AIDS cases in Russia and other Eastern European countries is evidence that late diagnosis, late initiation of antiretroviral therapy and low treatment coverage contribute to the development of the disease, the World Health Organization notes.

HIV/AIDS surveillance data from 2016 suggests that the likelihood of late diagnosis increases with age. For example, 65% (63% in the EU/EEA) of people over 50 in the European Region were diagnosed with HIV at a late stage.

Testing for HIV infection for certain diseases, such as other sexually transmitted infections, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis and some types of cancer, can improve the quality of diagnosis.

According to Russian statistics, more than half (51%) of registered cases of HIV infection are diagnosed at a late stage of the disease.

As a result of infection in the history of the disease's fame, about 45 million people died. Russia is one of the ten countries in which the disease is developing most rapidly. More than 1 million Russians have been infected, according to the data of the Federal Scientific Methodological Center, which is engaged in the fight against AIDS and its prevention.

At the end of September 2016, the number of HIV-infected people was 1,087,339. Of the indicated number of patients, 233 thousand patients died. This data was provided by the head of the Center. At the same time, the UNAIDS Regional Director said that in 2015 the level of HIV was higher, and in terms of the number of recorded cases of infection, Russia ranked third among all countries in the world. However, the established number of HIV-infected people does not reflect the real picture of the incidence, since far from all patients become registered with the AIDS center.

What is the percentage of HIV-infected people in Russia?

In some regions, the percentage of HIV infection is more than 1%. The number of such subjects in the Russian Federation corresponds to 15 regions. First of all, they are guided by the number of infected pregnant women.

According to V. Pokrovsky, the situation is aggravating, namely, the transition of a concentrated epidemic into a generalized one. More than 1% of pregnant women are infected. The percentage of HIV infection among pregnant women is quite high - about 1.5-2%. Data are provided for 15 regions of the Russian Federation that have undergone a generalization of the epidemic.

Pokrovsky also said that a concentrated epidemic is occurring in the country, affecting certain groups of the population. Sex workers, homosexuals and drug users are at high risk. Many Russians belonging to these groups become infected.

What is the percentage of HIV infection in risk groups?

A concentrated epidemic is established when the percentage of people infected with HIV in certain categories is 5%. At the moment, about 20% of drug addicts are infected. Determining the percentage of HIV transmission among men who have sexual intercourse with infected people of the same sex, indicate 10% of cases of pathogen entry. These population groups are the most vulnerable.

The active distribution of narcotic substances occurred back in the 90s, and the reason for this is weakened control by state institutions. People tried to make money in different ways, among the most common options was drug trafficking. Many still consider it as the easiest way to increase income. The number of drug addicts was huge even in Soviet times. A large proportion of people addicted to chemicals used various drugs intravenously. Until 2001, the number of HIV patients increased, 87 thousand people were recorded, whose body was infected in this way.

What is the percentage of HIV infection among Russians? The main part of patients - the persons dependent on reception of drugs. An adequate response to the spread of infection was not immediately provided, therefore in 2003 about 35 thousand new cases of infection were added. With each subsequent year, they became more. Determining how many percent of HIV infection was recorded in 2015, they give an approximate figure of 100 thousand people, that is, about 270 people became carriers of the retrovirus every day during the year.

Assessing the number of AIDS patients, it is worth noting the need to introduce special programs aimed at reducing the frequency of infection among people who are most at risk. V. Pokrovsky said that half of the infected are drug users. According to various sources, the percentage of AIDS infection in the country is high, the number of patients is about 2 million people. It is not easy to identify all carriers and examine them, and no one will force them to take medication to improve their condition. Sex workers are also a danger. But none of these groups is provided for the implementation of special programs.

Percentage of people infected with HIV in Russia among drug addicts

UNAIDS reports the importance of developing and implementing special programs to reduce the percentage of people with AIDS. In Russia, a large number of cases of infection with the virus due to injecting drug use are recorded. In the Russian Federation, the highest percentage of HIV transmission among drug addicts is more than 50%, which, when compared with other countries, reflects a neglected situation.

Many countries around the world have learned to deal with this problem, which has made it possible to achieve some improvements regarding the spread of the disease among patients who use psychotropic substances. It is not easy to treat such patients, prevention is more effective. In many countries people who are addicted to drugs are provided with information that is useful in their situation and helps to avoid infection. Assistance does not only consist of providing instructions on how to use instruments and cleaning the injection site, patients are offered substitution therapy.

Considering the percentage of people infected with HIV through the used one is fixed in Russia, comprehensive preventive measures are indispensable. The country has not yet come to a consensus, there are many disputes related to the effectiveness of activities carried out in other countries. However, it is obvious that as a result of the measures taken, the percentage of HIV-infected people in foreign countries is decreasing. In Europe, a small percentage of infection is recorded due to the introduction of drugs into the body. An example is Germany, France. How many percent have AIDS in these countries? The indicators are minimal, in Germany - 6-8%, in France - only 1%.

What is the percentage of HIV infection with drug addiction in Russia? If we compare the Russian Federation with other countries, the infection rate among drug addicts is high, it is more than 20% and continues to increase.

What is the percentage of AIDS infection among persons engaged in prostitution and engaging in homosexual relationships?

Many sex workers use drugs, which exacerbates the situation and increases the risk of retrovirus transmission. For such groups of the population in the world, special programs have been developed aimed at teaching safety rules.

Homosexuals are also at risk. This route of infection is most common in Germany, the rate is very high, 75% of new infections are recorded. How many more people are at risk of contracting HIV? How many percent of the population can be infected in the absence of prevention? The importance of preventive measures cannot be underestimated. In Norway and France, individuals at risk are given drugs that reduce the likelihood of transmission of the pathogen. In Russia, men have to take care of their health on their own. Currently, the government does not allocate money for the implementation of effective preventive measures, even infected people do not receive full-fledged medical care and are forced to be treated on their own. In 2016, the provision of financial assistance to HIV-infected patients remained at the level of 2015, despite the fact that the number of patients increased significantly. An increase in the amount of allocated funds from the budget is required, which will make it possible to purchase new medicines that help slow the progression of AIDS.

The immunodeficiency virus was first identified by scientists in 1983. It was then that the etiological cause of the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was established. However, the attention of specialists is still riveted to such a dangerous disease as HIV. Statistics say that it is constantly becoming more common. And the saddest thing is that in modern medicine there are no effective methods of treating pathology.

Basic statistics of HIV-infected people

The disease is constantly progressing and spreading among the population. This is confirmed officially by the statistics of the incidence of HIV and AIDS. According to the latest data from scientists, today the number of people infected with HIV reaches 40 million people. Of these, 37.5% caught the infection in the last 2 years, which is about 15 million.

At the same time, the pathology is constantly progressing, new strains of the pathogen appear that have arisen as a result of modification. This greatly complicates the process of treating patients.

Infection with a retrovirus occurs more often through sexual contact or through the use of non-sterile needles, which is often observed among drug addicts. The number of HIV-infected people is constantly increasing, and in order to slow the progression of the disease, experts strongly recommend periodically testing for AIDS. Early detection allows the appointment of a full-fledged antiretroviral therapy. According to statistics, only 9.5 million people with HIV (AIDS) receive quality treatment, less than a quarter of the total number of carriers.

HIV (AIDS) statistics in Russia

In the Russian Federation, the issue of immunodeficiency is discussed especially sharply twice a year - on the Day of the fight against this disease (December 1) and at the beginning of May, when the Day of Sorrow for those who died as a result of retrovirus infection is announced.

The statistics of HIV-infected people in Russia is constantly changing, and not for the better. In recent years, the number of infected has increased significantly and now reaches 250 thousand people. Experts say the problem is getting bigger. To date, the infection is mainly transmitted sexually and parenterally.

The statistics of AIDS patients in Russia confirms that the bulk of those infected are young people aged 19 to 29 years. If we take into account injection drug addicts, 78% of those seeking medical help were diagnosed with the immunodeficiency virus.

During sexual intercourse without condoms, a considerable number of patients also become infected. It is difficult to determine exactly how many people with HIV received the pathogen in this way. However, the statistics of HIV infection in Russia states that more than half of those infected through sexual contact are women. This is due to anatomical features. Women tend to have more intimate contact with body fluids, particularly semen. It contains a high concentration of retrovirus, which is able to enter the body through microcracks in the vaginal mucosa, which are formed during sexual intercourse.

Less common is the way the infection is transmitted from mother to baby. HIV transmission statistics show that over the entire period of the disease, more than 6 thousand cases of the birth of infected babies were registered. The mothers of the babies were women of childbearing age.

As for the male half of the population, according to statistics, about 2% of the stronger sex is infected with AIDS in Russia. The age of patients is in the range of 23-40 years. Among them, infection occurred in the following ways:

  • as a result of the use of narcotic drugs - 53%;
  • homosexual relationships - 1.5%;
  • with unprotected intercourse - 43%;
  • boys who received the infection in the womb or during childbirth from the mother - 2.5%.

Why is HIV spreading so fast? Statistics confirm that the vast majority of those infected received their "dose" of the retrovirus through a syringe. In Russia, more than half of drug addicts inject potent substances, which is a huge risk, because almost always syringes are used multiple times and for several people.

Additionally, the progression of AIDS can be explained by the lack of a clear program to combat retroviral infection. At the very beginning, when AIDS began to spread only on the territory of the Russian Federation, statistics showed a sharp jump - an increase in the number of cases. For several years, international associations for the fight against immunodeficiency have allocated a certain amount, which was used to administer antiretroviral therapy to patients. When Russia was recognized as a high-income country, this assistance was withheld, and the funds allocated from the state budget became insufficient to provide quality therapy to patients.

How many people are HIV-infected in specific regions of Russia?

The situation with the spread of immunodeficiency leaves much to be desired, however, the uniformity of the disease is somewhat diverse - in the Russian Federation, some regions require more attention from doctors, while in others, the rate of transmission of a dangerous disease does not cause concern. According to experts, the saddest situation is observed in the Irkutsk region. Here, retrovirus infection reaches 1.5% of the total population.

How many people are ill with HIV (AIDS) and how does the infection occur? More than 75% of patients in this region become infected as a result of unprotected intercourse, and a certain percentage falls on homosexual relationships. The remaining 25% experience pathology while injecting drugs, a small number are children born to HIV-positive mothers.

Also, the leaders in the progression of infection with immunodeficiency include Sverdlovsk, Kemerovo region, Perm, Khanty-Mansiysk district. No more rosy statistics of HIV infection in Russia emerges in the following regions:

  • Altaic;
  • Tomsk;
  • Kurgan;
  • Novosibirsk;
  • Samara;
  • Tyumensky;
  • Ulyanovsk;
  • Tverskaya;
  • Omsk;
  • Murmansk;
  • Orenburg;
  • Chelyabinsk;
  • Ivanovsky;
  • Leningradsky.

How many AIDS patients in the capital of the country - can be answered more precisely. HIV statistics in Moscow at the beginning of the 21st century did not cause much concern among doctors, but this picture quickly changed in the opposite direction. In recent years, the retrovirus began to spread among the residents of the capital by leaps and bounds. In 2016, more than 10 thousand infected people were registered. At the same time, half of them received a retrovirus during unprotected sex. 23% of those infected in this way became ill as a result of homosexual intercourse. HIV (AIDS) statistics for Russian regions remains unfavorable and requires the adoption of certain measures to reduce the spread of the disease.

The situation in the world: how fast is AIDS spreading?

How many AIDS patients are on the whole planet, which countries are one step away from the development of the epidemic? The number of infected in different states is different. The most deplorable situation is observed in Africa, or rather, in the South side. The inhabitants of these regions make up only 10% of the total population of the planet. At the same time, out of the total number of HIV-infected people (about 40 million), 25 million fall on this continent. These numbers are shocking.

The most unfavorable statistics of people infected with HIV (AIDS) is observed in the following countries of the world:

  • South Africa - more than 5 million;
  • India - 6.5 million;
  • Ethiopia - more than 4 million infected;
  • Nigeria - 3.6 million;
  • Mozambique, almost 2 million;
  • Kenya, Zimbabwe - 1.7 million infected each;
  • USA - 1.3 million;
  • China and Russia - about 1 million carriers of the retrovirus.

If we take into account the European continent, then about half of all infected people are residents of Ukraine and Russia. The main route of transmission of the virus in these countries is parenteral.

HIV infection by country causes concern for the future of mankind, analyzing the statistics, it can be argued that mass spread occurs in underdeveloped regions.

According to statistics, in countries infected with AIDS, the leading route of transmission is sexual and parenteral. The danger of the disease also lies in the fact that most patients do not want to believe in infection and refuse antiretroviral therapy. It can take more than 10 years from infection to the stage of AIDS, but this figure depends on the immune defense. In the absence of high-quality treatment, the disease develops much faster and leads to irreversible consequences.

Over the entire period of fame of immunodeficiency, more than 24 million patients died from it. At the same time, patients who received timely therapy were able to live fully for decades, no different from healthy people.

It is difficult to say exactly how many people are infected with HIV (AIDS), since the pathology is constantly spreading. However, scientists do not lose hope of finding an effective drug and finally defeating the retrovirus.

Official statistics of HIV, AIDS in Russia

At the beginning of 2017 The total number of HIV infections among Russian citizens has reached 1,114,815 people(in the world - 36.7 million HIV-infected). Of them died for different reasons 243,863 HIV-infected according to the monitoring form of Rospotrebnadzor "Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identify and treat HIV patients." In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection. As of July 1, 2017 the number of HIV-infected people in Russia amounted to 1 167 581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons ( in the 1st half of 2017 years already dead 14 631 HIV-infected that 13.6% more than for 6 months of 2016.). Population stricken rate RF HIV infection in 2017 was 795,3 infected with HIV per 100 thousand of the population of Russia.

In 2016. It revealed 103 438 new cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens (excluding those identified anonymously and foreign citizens), which is 5.3% more than in 2015 the annual growth averaged 10%. HIV incidence rate in 2016 made up 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

In terms of the rate of increase in the incidence of HIV infection, Russia has taken 3rd place after the Republic of South Africa and Nigeria.

For the 1st half of 2017 in Russia revealed 52 766 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation. HIV incidence rate in 1st half of 2017 made up 35,9 cases of HIV infection per 100,000 population. Most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Increasing the rate of growth of new cases HIV infections in 2017(but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda Oblast, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016, in terms of incidence in the Russian Federation The following regions and cities were in the lead:

  1. Kemerovo region (228.8 new cases of HIV infection were registered per 100,000 population — total 6,217 HIV-infected), including in the city Kemerovo 1,876 HIV-infected.
  2. Irkutsk region (163.6% 000 - 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were detected in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. In 2016 in the city Irkutsk registered 2 450 new infected with HIV, in 2017 - 1,107. Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV.
  3. Samara region (161.5% 000 - 5,189 HIV-infected, including in the city of Samara 1,201 HIV-infected), for 7 months of 2017 - 1,184 people. (59.8% 000).
  4. Sverdlovsk region (156.9% 000 - 6,790 HIV-infected), including in the city of Yekaterinburg 5,874 HIV-infected (the most HIV-infected city in Russia / Or well reveal? ed./).
  5. Chelyabinsk region (154.0% 000 - 5,394 HIV-infected),
  6. Tyumen region (150.5% 000 - 2 224 people - 1.1% of the population), for the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were detected in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic.
  7. Tomsk region (138.0% 000 - 1 489 people.),
  8. Novosibirsk region (137.1% 000) regions (3 786 people.), incl. in the city Novosibirsk 3 213 HIV-infected.
  9. Krasnoyarsk Territory (129.5% 000 - 3 716 people.)
  10. Perm Territory (125.1% 000 - 3 294 people.)
  11. Altai Territory (114.1% 000 - 2 721 people.)
  12. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (124.7% 000 - 2010 people)
  13. Orenburg region (117.6% 000 - 2 340 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 650 people (32.7% 000).
  14. Omsk region (110.3% 000 - 2 176 people.), for 7 months of 2017, 1184 cases were detected, the incidence rate was 59.8% 000.
  15. Kurgan region (110.1% 000 - 958 people.)
  16. Ulyanovsk region (97.2% 000 - 1 218 people.), in 1 sq. 2017 - 325 people (25.9% 000).
  17. Tver region (74.0% 000 - 973 people.)
  18. Nizhny Novgorod region (71.1% 000 - 2 309 people.) areas, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people (18.9% 000).
  19. Republic of Crimea (83.0% 000 - 1 943 people),
  20. Khakassia (82.7% 000 - 445 people),
  21. Udmurtia (75.1% 000 - 1 139 people.),
  22. Bashkortostan (68.3% 000 - 2 778 people.), in 1 sq. 2017 - 688 people (16.9% 000).
  23. Moscow (62.2% 000 - 7 672 people)

Note: %000 is the number of HIV-infected people per 100,000 people.

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

Subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

The most significant growth (speed, growth rate of new HIV cases per unit of time) incidence in 2016 was observed in Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Region, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk Regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Nenets Autonomous Region, Samara Region and Jewish Autonomous Region.

Number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

afflicted HIV infection of the population of Russia as of December 31, 2016 amounted to 594.3 per 100 thousand people Cases of HIV infection have been registered in all subjects of the Russian Federation. In 2017, the incidence was 795.3 per 100,000 of us.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the total population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country's population lived.

Dynamics of prevalence and incidence of HIV infection in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016

To the most affected regions of the Russian Federation relate:

  1. Sverdlovsk Region (1,647.9%,000 people living with HIV were registered per 100,000 population - 71,354 people. In 2017, there were already about 86,000 people infected with HIV), including in Yekaterinburg more than 27,131 HIV-infected people have been registered, i.e. every 50th city dweller is infected with HIV It's a real epidemic. Serov (1454.2% 000 - 1556 people). Infected with HIV - 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov.
  2. Irkutsk region (1636.0% 000 - 39473 people). Total identified HIV-infected at the beginning 2017- 49,494 people, at the beginning of June (almost six months) 2017 51,278 people were registered with a diagnosis of HIV infection. IN the city of Irkutsk more than 31,818 people have been identified for all the time.
  3. Kemerovo region (1582.5% 000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo more than 10,125 patients with HIV infection have been registered.
  4. Samara region (1476.9% 000 - 47350 people),
  5. Orenburg region (1217.0% 000 - 24276 people) regions,
  6. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1201.7% 000 - 19550 people),
  7. Leningrad region (1147.3% 000 - 20410 people),
  8. Tyumen region (1085.4% 000 - 19768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20787 people.
  9. Chelyabinsk region (1079.6% 000 - 37794 people),
  10. Novosibirsk region (1021.9% 000 - 28227 people) region. As of May 19, 2017 in the city of Novosibirsk more than 34 thousand HIV-infected people have been registered - every 47 resident of Novosibirsk has HIV (!).
  11. Perm Territory (950.1% 000 - 25030 people),
  12. St. Petersburg (978.6% 000 - 51140 people),
  13. Ulyanovsk region (932.5% 000 - 11728 people),
  14. Republic of Crimea (891.4% 000 - 17,000 people),
  15. Altai Territory (852.8% 000 - 20268 people),
  16. Krasnoyarsk Territory (836.4% 000 - 23970 people),
  17. Kurgan region (744.8% 000 - 6419 people),
  18. Tver region (737.5% 000 - 9622 people),
  19. Tomsk region (727.4% 000 - 7832 people),
  20. Ivanovo region (722.5% 000 - 7440 people),
  21. Omsk region (644.0% 000 - 12741 people), as of August 1, 2017, 16 099 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate is 813.7% 000.
  22. Murmansk region (638.2% 000 - 4864 people),
  23. Moscow region (629.3% 000 - 46056 people),
  24. Kaliningrad region (608.4% 000 - 5941 people).
  25. Moscow (413.0% 000 - 50909 people)

Age structure

The highest level of damage HIV infection of the population is observed in the group 30-39 years old, 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection. Women become infected with HIV at a younger age, already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV, the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 years is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has changed radically. In 2000, 87% of patients were diagnosed with HIV before the age of 30. Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed HIV infections in 2000, as a result of an annual decrease in 2016, this group was only 1.2%.

Age and sex of HIV-infected people.

HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years (19.9%), the share of young people aged 20-30 decreased to 23.2%. An increase in the proportion of newly detected cases was also observed in older age groups, and cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

It should be noted that at low testing coverage of adolescents and youth, more than 1100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among people aged 15-20 years. According to preliminary data the largest number of HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) was registered in 2016 in Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sex with an HIV-infected partner (77% of cases in girls, 61% in boys).

Structure of the deceased

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, detection and treatment of HIV patients”. The highest annual mortality was registered in the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Mordovia, the Kemerovo Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Ulyanovsk Region, the Republic of Adygea, the Tambov Region, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the Chuvash Republic, the Samara Region, the Primorsky Territory, the Tula Region, Krasnodar, Perm Territories, Kurgan region.

Treatment coverage

At the dispensary in specialized medical organizations in 2016 there were 675,403 patients infected with HIV, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the monitoring form of Rospotrebnadzor.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients who were in places of deprivation of liberty. In the 1st half of 2017 received antiretroviral therapy 298 888 patients, about 100,000 new patients were added for therapy in 2017 (drugs for all most likely will not be enough, because the purchase was according to the figures of 2016). Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation was 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection; among those on dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy. The achieved treatment coverage does not play the role of a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing, the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016 in Russia there were tested for HIV 30 752 828 blood samples from Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples from foreign citizens. The total number of tested serum samples of Russian citizens increased by 8.5% compared to 2015, while among foreign citizens it decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, the maximum number of positive results in the immunoblot in Russians over the entire history of observation was revealed - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results). The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, therefore it differs significantly from the number of newly registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV. Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up an insignificant part of those tested for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but among these groups 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were detected. When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% of HIV-positive people were detected for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, STI patients - 0.7%.

Transmission path structure

In 2016, the role of sexual transmission of HIV infection has grown significantly. According to preliminary data, among those newly identified in 2016 HIV-positive with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% were infected through drug use with non-sterile instruments, 48.7% - through heterosexual contacts, 1.5% - through homosexual contacts, -0, 45% were children infected from mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. The number of children infected through breastfeeding is growing: in 2016, 59 such children were registered, in 2015 - 47, 2014 - 41 children. In 2016, 16 cases were registered with suspected infection in medical organizations when using non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases when blood components were transfused from donors to recipients. Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries.

Distribution of HIV-infected people by means of infection.

conclusions

  1. In the Russian Federation in 2016, the epidemic situation of HIV infection continued to worsen and the trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resumption of the global HIV epidemic, which, according to the UN report in July 2016, began to decline.
  2. The incidence of HIV infection remained high, the total number and number of deaths of HIV-infected people increased, and the emergence of the epidemic from vulnerable groups of the population into the general population intensified.
  3. With the current rate of HIV infection spreading and the lack of adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread, the forecast for the development of the situation remains unfavorable.
  4. It is required to intensify organizational and preventive measures to counteract the HIV epidemic in the country.