How many days are sick with rotavirus infection. Is it possible to avoid infection from a sick child? How long does the acute period of the disease last?

How not to get rotavirus infection?

Rotavirus infection - a highly contagious acute infectious disease characterized by lesions of the human gastrointestinal tract. Diseases are recorded throughout the year, however, the highest level is observed in March-April and August-October.
The causative agent of the disease is a virus that got its name from Latin word“rota” is a wheel, because under a microscope it resembles wheels in shape. Rotavirus is able to survive for a long time outside the human body: in tap water up to 60 days, on vegetables and fruits up to 30 days, on various environmental objects from 10 to 45 days.
Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrheal illness in children under 2 years of age. The problem of monitoring epidemiological data is mainly due to significant overexcitation due to different methods of observation or laboratory diagnosis. Routine community testing for rotavirus infections is not outpatient, and cases have been reported based primarily on laboratory findings in hospitalized children with gastroenteritis. Thus, a significantly higher incidence can be expected.
The virus enters the body through the mouth and multiplies in gastrointestinal tract. Infection can occur by drinking contaminated water, food products. But one of the main reasons for the spread of rotaviruses, especially in preschool institutions, is non-observance of personal hygiene rules, when the transmission of infection occurs through hands, which, in turn, contaminate dishes, toys, and linen. The virus can remain on the hands for 4 hours or more.
Data on the national number of nosocomial rotavirus infections are not available. Despite good organization reporting systems for infectious diseases in Czech Republic, these estimates of the prevalence of rotavirus infections in the community can be considered incomplete and underestimated.

This severe illness without adequate treatment, mostly fatal, with the risk of permanent consequences in the form of limb amputation, deafness, mental retardation. Due to the current epidemiological situation in the Czech Republic, where the incidence of invasive meningococcal infection is low, the importance of individual protection and vaccination of high-risk populations is emphasized.
The source of infection is a sick person or a healthy carrier of viruses, often an adult. The main group of patients are children.
When infected, the disease does not occur immediately, but after a certain (incubation) period, which lasts from 12 hours to 7 days. The disease begins acutely with an increase in body temperature to 38-39 degrees, sometimes - chills, weakness. There are pains in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, loose stools. Vomiting is often the main manifestation of the disease and is repeated up to several times a day. The disease may be preceded by the appearance of a runny nose, sore throat, cough.
The Czech Vaccine Society, based on surveillance data for invasive meningococcal disease in the Czech Republic, recommends the following vaccination strategy for the Czech Republic, according to current knowledge and vaccine availability. The need for booster feeding has not been established.

To administer these vaccines, especially in the 2 to 5 month age category, paracetamol prophylaxis can be administered. This vaccination will be a booster for preschoolers who have already been vaccinated at childhood with meningococcal conjugate or polysaccharide vaccine and vaccination in those who were not vaccinated in childhood.
In order to prevent rotavirus infection, it is very important:
Follow the rules of personal hygiene: wash your hands after every visit to the toilet, before cooking, before eating, after every pollution, walks. It is important to teach your child that hands will be cleaner and less germ-free if they are lathered and washed twice;
- monitor the health of children (the nature of the stool, the general condition of the body) and promptly inform the staff of the children's preschool when signs of an infectious disease appear in order to prevent infection of other children;
- use bottled or boiled water, since all microorganisms that cause acute intestinal infections, including rotaviruses, do not tolerate high temperature and when boiled, they die within a few seconds;
- Wash vegetables, fruits and berries thoroughly with running water and then with boiled water, and it is best to pour boiling water over them, especially if the fruits and berries are intended for children;
- Daily wet cleaning with detergents. Carefully process toys, door handles, plumbing drain buttons.
This vaccination will be a booster vaccination in children who have already been vaccinated with a meningococcal conjugate or polysaccharide vaccine and boosted in those who have not been vaccinated. Measles is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the paramyxovirus virus with an incubation period of 8-21 days. The disease is transmitted by droplet infection. In the first catarrhal phase, which usually begins the day after infection and lasts about 4 days, fever, runny nose, cough and conjunctivitis are present. At the end of the first phase of the disease, small small white spots - Koplikov spots may appear on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity in the molars.
When symptoms appear this disease need to apply for medical care see a doctor so that the treatment is targeted, effective, and the disease does not turn into a virus carrier, in which the virus is released for a long time (from 2 weeks to several months) external environment and may further spread the infection.
Then there is the eximmic stage - shedding maculopapular exanthema behind the bolt, neck and neck, spreading to the face, trunk and extremities. In face and back exanthema this often coincides. Isolation of the patient is necessary from the discovery of the disease within 7 days after the opening of the exanthema. Uncomplicated measles is also bronchitis. The disease of pregnancy does not cause congenital malformations of the fetus. Diseases left without extraneous immunity. Complications may be primary, caused by the measles virus, or secondary bacterial superinfection.

Rotavirus is intestinal infection flowing in an acute form. The virus is easily transmitted, so infection among children is a common phenomenon. Characteristic features diseases are dangerous for babies. The younger the baby, the more difficult it is to tolerate rotavirus.

Course of the disease

1. The incubation period lasts no longer than a day, then the virus rapidly infects the body. The acute phase lasts for 3-7 days, then a gradual recovery begins.

Within 6 weeks, cellular immunity is significantly reduced. During this period, children were vaccinated at 12 months of age. If the antibody titer is low or unknown, immunoglobulin can be given preferably within 7 days of exposure. If the additional vaccination is not advertised for an area with a high incidence of measles or is not a regular vaccination within the national immunization program, the vaccination is not reimbursed and the vaccinated person must pay for it himself.

Influenza is a serious infectious disease that continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality not only worldwide, but also in the Czech Republic. Annual influenza vaccination has a clear preventive effect, and vaccination of risk groups is the most important prevention influenza and its complications such as pneumonia. The course of influenza in children may have its own characteristics associated with relatively frequent gastrointestinal symptoms, the risk of febrile seizures and the risk of acute stenosis of laryngotracheobronchitis in infants.

2. From the first day of infection, there is an increase in body temperature up to 40 ° C, abdominal pain is characteristic. Many signs are similar to poisoning - vomiting, fever, diarrhea appear.

3. The child's stool becomes liquid, bright yellow. Sometimes there is an admixture of mucus.

4. The general condition is unsatisfactory. The child becomes weak and lethargic, refuses to eat, sometimes trembles.

Longer excretion of the influenza virus persists, and children become an important source of infection for the adult population. Vaccination of children can positive influence on the number of hospitalizations and deaths of adults from influenza, especially the elderly.

Annual vaccination is recommended for children with risk factors that predispose to more severe influenza. In addition to children with risk factors of any age, children under 60 months of age, regardless of how they feel, are most at risk for complications and severe influenza. Serious influenza can also occur in completely healthy child. For the vaccination of children from 6 months of age, registered subunits or split vaccines of the appropriate composition for the influenza season are available.

5. The skin becomes noticeably pale, a rash may appear.

For the crumbs, dehydration is very dangerous, which is provoked by diarrhea and vomiting. It is necessary to replenish the lost volume of fluid in the body, otherwise problems with the digestive organs may subsequently appear. The liver and kidneys are especially affected.

Methods of infection with rotavirus

The following vaccine doses are recommended for vaccinating children against influenza. A two-dose regimen is the minimum possible dose interval of 4 weeks. On behalf of the Czech Vaccine Society, we consider it necessary to comment on the Case of the Deadly Heart. First of all, we would like to clarify the alleged problem of the lack of antibodies that were found after vaccination in some people, and clarify the wording of the entire article that was not authorized.

Based on long-term monitoring of viral hepatitis B and control of antibody levels after vaccination, we indicate that a decrease in antibody levels over time is common. This is a natural response to the immune system. Over time, after any vaccination, the state of antibodies in the body can drop to almost zero, in some cases to zero. Vaccination against viral hepatitis B leads not only to antibodies, but also to the so-called memory cells. These human cells use the power of the memory effect to help the body recover immediately from the virus if exposed to the virus.

The virus is difficult to disinfect, almost does not react to temperature effects (it is stored in the refrigerator for a long period), and can be transmitted with water. The contact-household and airborne route are the most common ways of infection.

Children under one year old often become infected with the disease, as age-related curiosity makes them pull interesting objects into the mouth. Toys, utensils and even food can cause infection.

Although we can measure the null value of antibodies, a vaccinated individual will begin to grow once they encounter the virus and prevent the onset of the disease. Obesity, depending on human health and environment in which it moves is not always necessary to maintain maximum vigilance. Therefore, in the body of the vaccinated, a decrease in antibodies is very common, which does not mean that the individual is not protected from the disease in the case of viral hepatitis B or that the vaccine is ineffective.

The only exception is about 2-3% of people in the population, the so-called non-responders, who do not respond to the vaccine and do not create antibodies at all. In this case, it is a rare reaction of the immune system. The other central test of this article was to check for the presence of antibodies formed after vaccination, with a monthly delay in the introduction of the vaccine. Here we must emphasize that we will be able to recognize in the population people who do not have the ability to produce antibodies, that is, we have already mentioned 2-3% of people who would have no antibodies at all or at a protective level.

Is it possible to avoid infection from a sick child?

Like any other infection, rotavirus spreads and attacks quickly and seamlessly. It is very easy to catch a disease from a patient, so some preventive measures should be followed.

1. If possible, the infected child is isolated from the rest of the family (hospitalization in the infectious diseases department is possible).

Conversely, if the level exceeds the required threshold, we can assume that these people will be protected for life, although the levels will subsequently decrease. In practice, the importance of this testing concerns only healthcare professionals. In addition to other inaccuracies in this article, we would like to point out that in the Czech Republic, in accordance with current legislation no group of children aged 12 years was vaccinated with hexavactin. This decrease was observed in a competing vaccine when it was given to infants at the same time as other vaccines, which was not the practice in the Czech Republic at the time.

2. Personal hygiene should be carefully observed.

3. Items used by a sick child must be separately processed and disinfected.

4. You can get vaccinated as a preventive measure to avoid infection.

Adults suffer from rotavirus extremely rarely, the disease is easily tolerated by them. The symptoms are flu-like, so diagnosis is difficult.

This vaccine was withdrawn from the European market and no longer used. Vice President of the Society. Scientific Secretary of the Society. The vaccine is administered by deep intramuscular injection, preferably into deltoid muscle. In adulthood, tetanus vaccination is given to provide adequate protection obtained by vaccination in childhood or by wounds and non-injuries.

When assessing the duration of seroprotection after doping in adults, long-term protection against tetanus is maintained for at least 20 years. Immunocompromised persons are recommended to be vaccinated every 10 years. When the concentration of seroprotective antibodies is not reached, a second dose is recommended within 6-10 weeks from the previous dose, and a third dose is recommended 6-10 months after the second dose. Vaccination against tetanus resulting from accidents, injuries or wound healing where there is a risk of tetanus, and in cases indicated in preoperative preparations, especially before surgery on the colon or rectum, is carried out in accordance with the order of vaccination against infectious diseases.

In children who have undergone viral infection, stable immunity is formed. As a rule, after three episodes of infection, a small organism becomes immune to this disease.