Composition Fonvizin D.I. Description, image and characteristics of Mitrofan in the comedy "Undergrowth": useful information for writing Biography of Mitrofanushka from the comedy undergrowth briefly

Mitrofan and Prostakova Influence of father and uncle on Mitrofan Mitrofan's education Why is Mitrofan the central character?

Denis Fonvizin wrote the comedy "Undergrowth" in the 18th century. At that time, in Russia, the decree of Peter I was in force, prescribing that young men under the age of 21 without education were forbidden to enter the military and public service, as well as to marry. Young people up to this age in this document were called "underage" - this definition formed the basis of the title of the play. In the story, the main character is

Mitrofanushka is undersized.

Fonvizin portrayed him as a stupid, cruel, greedy and lazy young man of 16 who behaves like a small child, does not want to learn and is naughty. Mitrofan is a negative character and the funniest hero of the comedy - his awkward statements, stupidity and ignorance cause laughter not only among readers and spectators, but also among other heroes of the play. The character plays an important role in the ideological concept of the play, so the image of Mitrofan the Undergrowth requires a detailed analysis.

Mitrofan and Prostakova

In Fonvizin's work “Undergrowth”, the image of Mitrofanushka is closely connected with the theme of education, since, in fact, it was the wrong upbringing that caused the young man’s malevolence and all his negative features.
His mother, Mrs. Prostakova, is an uneducated, cruel, despotic woman, for whom material wealth and power are the main values. She adopted her views on the world from her parents - representatives of the old nobility, the same uneducated and ignorant landowners like herself. The values and views received through upbringing were passed on to Prostakova and Mitrofan - the young man in the play is depicted as a “sissy” - he can’t do anything himself, everything is done for him by servants or his mother. Having received from Prostakova cruelty towards servants, rudeness and the opinion that education occupies one of the last places in life, Mitrofan also adopted disrespect for loved ones, a willingness to deceive or betray them for a better offer.

Recall how Prostakova persuaded Skotinin to take Sophia as his wife in order to essentially get rid of the “extra mouth”. Whereas the news about the girl’s large inheritance made her a “caring teacher”, supposedly loving Sophia and wishing her happiness. Prostakova is looking for her own self-interest in everything, which is why she refused Skotinin, because if the girl and Mitrofan, who listens to his mother in everything, would marry, Sophia’s money would go to her.

The young man is as selfish as Prostakova. He becomes a worthy son of his mother, adopting her “best” features, which explains the final scene of the comedy, when Mitrofan leaves Prostakov, who has lost everything, leaving to serve the new owner of the village, Pravdin. For him, the efforts and love of his mother turned out to be insignificant before the authority of money and power.

Influence on Mitrofan father and uncle

Analyzing the upbringing of Mitrofan in the comedy "Undergrowth" one cannot fail to mention the figure of the father and his influence on the personality of the young man. Prostakov appears before the reader as a weak-willed shadow of his wife.
It was the passivity and desire to transfer the initiative to someone stronger that Mitrofan adopted from his father. It is paradoxical that Pravdin speaks of Prostakov as a stupid person, but in the action of the play his role is so insignificant that the reader cannot fully understand whether he really is so stupid. Even the fact that Prostakov reproaches his son when Mitrofan leaves his mother at the end of the work does not indicate him as a character with positive traits.

The man, like the rest, does not try to help Prostakova, remaining on the sidelines, thus again showing an example of weak will and lack of initiative to his son - he does not care, as it was all the same, while Prostakova beat his peasants and disposed of his property in her own way.

The second man who influenced Mitrofan's upbringing is his uncle. Skotinin, in fact, is a person that a young man could become in the future. They are even brought together by a common love for pigs, whose company is much more pleasant for them than the company of people.

Mitrofan's training

According to the plot, the description of Mitrofan's training is in no way connected with the main events - the struggle for Sophia's heart. However, it is these episodes that reveal many important problems that Fonvizin highlights in the comedy. The author shows that the reason for the stupidity of a young man is not only bad upbringing, but also bad education. Prostakova, hiring teachers for Mitrofan, chose not educated smart teachers, but those who would take less.

The retired sergeant Tsyfirkin, the half-educated Kuteikin, the former groom Vralman - none of them could give Mitrofan a decent education. They all depended on Prostakova, and therefore could not ask her to leave and not interfere with the lesson. Recall how a woman did not even let her son think about solving an arithmetic problem, offering “her own solution”. The scene of a conversation with Starodum becomes an exposure of Mitrofan's useless teaching, when the young man begins to invent his own grammar rules and does not know what geography is studying.

At the same time, the illiterate Prostakova also does not know the answer, but if the teachers could not laugh at her stupidity, then the educated Starodum openly ridicules the ignorance of mother and son.

Thus, Fonvizin, introducing scenes of Mitrofan's training and exposing his ignorance into the play, raises the acute social problems of education in Russia in that era. Noble children were taught not by authoritative educated personalities, but by literate slaves who needed pennies. Mitrofan is one of the victims of such an old-fashioned, obsolete and, as the author emphasizes, meaningless education.

Why is Mitrofan the central character?

As it becomes clear from the title of the work, the young man is the central image of the comedy “Undergrowth”. In the system of characters, he is opposed to the positive heroine Sofya, who appears before the reader as a smart, educated girl who respects her parents and older people. It would seem, why did the author make the weak-willed, stupid, with a completely negative characterization of the undergrowth the key figure of the play? Fonvizin in the image of Mitrofan showed a whole generation of young Russian nobles.

In addition, in The Undergrowth, Mitrofan's characterization is a composite image of the negative features of modern landlords Fonvizin. The author sees cruelty, stupidity, ignorance, sycophancy, disrespect for others, greed, civic passivity and infantilism not only in outstanding landowners, but also in officials at the court, who also forgot about humanism and high morality. For the modern reader, the image of Mitrofan is, first of all, a reminder of what a person becomes when he stops developing, learning new things and forgets about eternal human values - respect, kindness, love, mercy.

p> A detailed description of Mitrofan, his character and lifestyle will help students in grades 8-9 when preparing a report or essay on the topic “Characteristics of Mitrofan in the comedy “Undergrowth””

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Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin, a famous Russian playwright, graduated in 1781 from his immortal work - the sharply social comedy "Undergrowth". He put the problem of education at the center of his work. In the 18th century, Russia was dominated by the idea of an enlightened monarchy, which preached the formation of a new man, advanced and educated. The second problem of the work was cruelty towards serfs. Sharp condemnation […]

One of the main characters of the comedy "Undergrowth" by Fonvizin is Prostakov Mitrofan Terentyevich, the noble son of the Prostakovs.

The name Mitrofan means “similar”, similar to the mother. Maybe with this name Mrs. Prostakova wanted to show that her son is a reflection of Prostakova herself.

Mitrofanushka was sixteen years old, but his mother did not want to part with her child and wanted to keep her until the age of twenty-six, not letting him go to work.

Mrs. Prostakova herself was stupid, insolent, impolite, and therefore did not listen to anyone's opinion.

“While Mitrofan is still in the undergrowth, while he is to be married; and there, in ten years, when he enters, God forbid, into the service, endure everything.

Mitrofanushka himself has no purpose in life, he only loved to eat, mess around and chase pigeons: “I’ll run to the dovecote now, so maybe either ...” To which his mother replied: “Go, frolic, Mitrofanushka.”

Mitrofan did not want to study, his mother hired teachers for him only because it was necessary in noble families, and not so that her son would learn the mind - the mind. As he told his mother: “Listen, mother. I amuse you. I will learn; just make sure it's the last one. The hour of my will has come. I don’t want to study, I want to get married” And Mrs. Prostakova always echoed him: “It’s very nice for me that Mitrofanushka doesn’t like to step forward, With his mind, let him sweep far, and God forbid! Only you are tormented, and everything, I see, is emptiness. Don't study this stupid science!"

The worst qualities of character, the most backward views on science characterize such young nobles as Mitrofan. He is also unusually lazy.

Mrs. Prostakova herself did not look for a soul in Mitrofanushka. Fonvizin understood the unreasonableness of her blind, animal love for her offspring, Mitrofan, a love that, in essence, destroys her son. Mitrofan ate himself to the point of colic in his stomach, and his mother tried to persuade him to eat more. The nanny said: “He already ate five buns, mother.” To which Prostakova replied: “So you feel sorry for the sixth, you beast.” These words show concern for the son. She tried to provide him with a carefree future, decided to marry him to a rich wife. If someone offends her son, she immediately comes to the defense. Mitrofanushka was one of her consolations.

Mitrofan treated his mother with disdain: “Yes! Just look what a task is from uncle: and there from his fists and for the watch book ”What, what do you want to do? Come to your senses, darling!” “Vit here and the river is close. I’ll dive, and remember your name.” “Dead! God is dead with you!”: these words prove that he does not love at all and he does not feel sorry for his own mother at all, Mitrofan does not respect her and plays on her feelings. And when Prostakova, who has lost power, rushes to her son with the words: You are the only one left with me, my heartfelt friend, Mitrofanushka! ". And in response he hears a heartless: “Yes, get rid of you, mother, how you imposed yourself.” “The whole night such rubbish climbed into my eyes.” “What kind of rubbish Mitrofanushka?”. “Yes, then you, mother, then father.”

Prostakov was afraid of his wife and in her presence he spoke of his son as follows: “At least, I love him as a parent, this is a smart child, that is a reasonable, amusing, entertainer; sometimes I am beside myself with joy, I myself truly do not believe that he is my son, ”and added, looking at his wife:“ In your eyes, mine do not see anything.

Taras Skotinin, looking at everything that was happening, repeated: “Well, Mitrofanushka, I see you are a mother’s son, not a father!” And Mitrofan turned to his uncle: “What are you, uncle, overeating with henbane? Get out, uncle, get out."

Mitrofan was always rude to his mother and snapped at her. Although Eremeevna did not receive a penny for raising a minor, she tried to teach him good things, defended him from his uncle: “I will die on the spot, but I will not give the child away. Sunsya, sir, just show yourself if you please. I'll scratch out those thorns." I tried to make a decent person out of him: “Yes, teach at least a little.” “Well, say another word, you old bastard! I'll finish them off; I will again complain to my mother, so she will deign to give you a task in yesterday's way. Of all the teachers, only the German Adam Adamych Vralman praised Mitrofanushka, and even then because of the fact that Prostakov was not angry with him and scolded. The rest of the teachers openly scolded him. For example, Tsyfirkin: “Your nobility is always idle toil, if you please.” And Mitrofan snapped: “Well! Come on board, garrison rat! Get your asses back." “All asses, your honor. We’ll be left with tasks a century behind. ” Mitrofan's dictionary is small and poor. “Shoot them with Yeremeevna too”: this is how he spoke about his teachers and nanny.

Mitrofan was ill-bred, a rude, spoiled child, whom everyone around obeyed and obeyed, he also had freedom of speech in the house. Mitrofan was sure that the people around him should help him, give advice. Mitrofan had an inflated self-esteem.

No matter how smart and hardworking a person is, there is a particle of such Mitrofanushka in him. Every person is sometimes lazy. There are also people who try to live only at the expense of their parents, without doing anything themselves. Of course, many depend on the upbringing of children by parents.

To people like Mitrofan, I am neither good nor bad. I just try to avoid talking to people like that. In general, I think that such people should try to help with their difficulties and problems. We need to reason with him, make him learn. If such a person does not want to improve himself, studies and studies, but, on the contrary, remains stupid and spoiled, treats his elders disrespectfully, then for the rest of his life he will remain undersized and ignorant.

Mitrofan Prostakov is one of the main characters in Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth". This is a spoiled, ill-mannered and uneducated young nobleman who treated everyone very disrespectfully.

He was always surrounded by the care of his mother, who spoiled him. Mitrofanushka adopted from his loved ones the worst character traits: laziness, rudeness in dealing with all people, greed, self-interest.

At the end of this work, Starodum said: “Here are worthy fruits of evil”, and this very accurately describes the situation in the family.

Mitrofanushka does not show any desire and interest in studying, but only wants to frolic and drive pigeons. In any difficult situation, he hides behind his mother's back, but even in the last scene he shocks her with his boorish behavior.

It seems to me that Fonvizin created Prostakov Mitrofan in order to focus on the problem of illiteracy of the young nobility and interclass relations in the serf Russian Empire.

Updated: 2013-09-17

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“I don’t want to study, but I want to get married” - Mitrofanushka’s life-affirming statement has not lost its relevance for the third century. Denis Fonvizin's first realistic or everyday comedy in the history of Russian dramaturgy presented both a lot of vivid images and useful aphorisms. We learn 10 facts from the life of Mitrofanushka together with Natalia Letnikova.

The ideas of "Undergrowth" at Fonvizin took shape in Europe. For a year and a half, the writer, while in France, got acquainted with the philosophy, jurisprudence and life of the country. When writing The Undergrowth, the playwright relied on articles from satirical magazines, the works of Voltaire, Rousseau, Duclos, and even comedies written by Catherine II herself.

Speaking surnames - the best author's characteristics. In the sketches of the protagonist, the name was Ivanushka, but by the time the comedy was published, it was already Mitrofanushka, colloquially, "sissy" - Mrs. Prostakova. The pseudo-scientist Vralman and the official Pravdin, Starodum and Skotinin, Sophia and Milon, Tsyfirkin and Kuteikin are the heroes of the most famous work of Fonvizin and completed portraits of their era.

"Undergrowth". The landowner Prostakov is repairing the court and reprisal. From the engraving by N.I. Kalita. 1958

Comedy illustration by D.I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth"

History of undergrowths in Russia. So in the 18th century they called noble children who had not reached the age appointed by Peter I for entering the service. Fonvizin filled the image with ironic meaning. The undergrowth is an uneducated, uncouth, rude, selfish young man, and the name Mitrofanushka has become a household name with the light hand of the playwright.

The most repertoire play of the 18th century on the Russian stage. A year before the premiere, the author tested the work at home readings. They intended to stage the play both in St. Petersburg and in Moscow. Moscow censorship did not take risks. The premiere took place in 1782 at the Free Russian Theater in St. Petersburg. "Undergrowth" has gone through many amateur productions. In the performance of the Nizhyn Gymnasium, the role of Prostakova was played by Gogol.

Author, director. He worked on the production, distributed the roles and Fonvizin himself, and "the first court actor of the Russian theater" - Ivan Dmitrievsky. The most famous actor of the 18th century played the role of Starodum and became the main magnet for the public. The role of Pravdin was played by the bright actor and playwright Pyotr Plavilshchikov, and the leading comedian of that time, Yakov Shumsky, brilliantly embodied the image of Yeremeevna.

« Die, Denis, you won't write better"- the phrase attributed to Grigory Potemkin has become a real historical anecdote. According to the theatrical legend, after the premiere of the performance in St. Petersburg, Prince Potemkin allegedly approached Fonvizin with this phrase. According to another version, the flattering review belongs to Derzhavin. The Dramatic Dictionary of the time reported: "The audience applauded the play by throwing purses."

"Undergrowth" Fonvizin. Artist T.N. Kasterina

Mrs. Prostakova, Mitrofanushka, Kuteikin and Tsyfirkin. "Undergrowth" Fonvizin. Artist T.N. Kasterina

Laughter to execute vices. Comedy fulfilled its main task of its time in full. “Too faithful lists from nature,” Belinsky said about the characters in The Undergrowth; “Everything is taken alive from nature,” Gogol echoed his colleague; The Decembrists called "Undergrowth" the first folk comedy. “The only monument to folk satire,” Pushkin called the work of the “Russian Moliere”.

From everyday comedy to a satirical magazine. In 1783, the first printed edition of "Undergrowth" was published, and five years later, Denis Fonvizin tried to publish his own satirical magazine with the telling name "Starodum" - after the most reasonable comedy hero. The magazine was banned by Empress Catherine II.

« Undergrowth "in the favorites of modern directors. The story of Mitrofanushka is in the repertoire of the northernmost theater in the world - the Norilsk Polar Theater, as well as the Ryazan and Nizhny Novgorod Youth Theaters. With the music of Dmitri Shostakovich and Russian folk melodies, the comedy is presented by the Children's Philharmonic of St. Petersburg. And in 2015, "Undergrowth" also became a musical - with the light hand of composer Alexander Zhurbin.

30th anniversary of Mitrofanushka at the Maly Theater. The modern version of "Undergrowth" on this stage starts from 1986. Played over 700 performances. “I was terribly tired,” recalled Afanasy Kochetkov, who played Starodum, “but suddenly schoolchildren came to a matinee at some performance, and from their reaction I realized ... that they were interested in the position of this character, his philosophy, his thoughts ... "

MITROFANUSHKA

MITROFANUSHKA - the hero of D.I. Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth" (1781), a sixteen-year-old teenager (undergrowth), the only son of Mrs. Prostakova, mother's darling and favorite of the servants. M. as a literary type was not the discovery of Fonvizin. Russian literature of the late 18th century. she knew and portrayed such undersized people living freely in rich parental homes and at the age of sixteen barely mastered the letter. Fonvizin endowed this traditional figure of noble life (especially provincial) with the generic features of the Prostakovo-Skotininsky “nest”.

In the house of his parents, M. is the main "amusing person" and "entertainer", an inventor and a witness to all stories like the one that he dreamed of in a dream: how mother beat father. It is a textbook known how M. took pity on his mother, who was busy with the heavy duty of beating her father. M.'s day is marked by absolute idleness: fun in the dovecote, where M. escapes from lessons, is interrupted by Eremeevna, who begs the "child" to learn. Having blabbed to his uncle about his desire to marry, M. immediately hides behind Eremeevna - "an old bastard", in his words - ready to lay down his life, but "child" "do not give out." M.’s boorish arrogance is akin to his mother’s manner of treating household members and servants: “freak” and “dead” - husband, “dog daughter” and “bad mug” - Eremeevna, “beast” - girl Palashka.

If the intrigue of the comedy revolves around the marriage of M. to Sofya, longed for by the Prostakovs, then the plot is focused on the topic of education and teaching of an underage teenager. This is a traditional topic for educational literature. M.'s teachers were selected in accordance with the norm of the time and the level of understanding of their task by parents. Here, Fonvizin emphasizes the details that speak of the quality of choice, which is characteristic of the simpleton family: M. is taught in French by the German Vralman, the exact sciences are taught by retired sergeant Tsyfirkin, who “marks a little arithmetic”, grammar is taught by the “educated” seminarian Kuteikin, dismissed from "every doctrine" by permission of the consistory. Hence, in the well-known scene of the exam, M. - an outstanding invention of Mitrofan's ingenuity about the noun and adjective of the door, hence the intriguingly fabulous ideas about the story told by the cowgirl Khavronya. On the whole, the result was summed up by Mrs. Prostakova, who was convinced that "without science, people live and lived."

The hero of Fonvizin is a teenager, almost a youth, whose character is stricken with a disease of dishonesty that spreads to every thought and every feeling inherent in him. He is unscrupulous in his attitude towards his mother, by whose efforts he exists in comfort and idleness, and whom he abandons at the moment when she needs his consolation. The comic robes of the image are funny only at first glance. V.O. Klyuchevsky attributed M. to the breed of creatures “related to insects and microbes”, characterizing this type with inexorable “reproducibility”.

Thanks to the hero Fonvizin, the word "undergrowth" (previously neutral) became a household name for a loafer, lazybones and lazybones.

Lit .: Vyazemsky P. Fon-Vizin. St. Petersburg, 1848; Klyuchevsky V. "Undergrowth" Fonvizin

//Klyuchevsky V. Historical portraits. M., 1990; Rassadin St. Fonvizin. M., 1980.

E.V. Yusim

literary heroes. - Academician. 2009 .

Synonyms:

See what "MITROFANUSHKA" is in other dictionaries:

Ignorant, ignorant, undersized, half-educated Dictionary of Russian synonyms. mitrofanushka n., number of synonyms: 5 mitrofan (3) ... Synonym dictionary

MITROFANUSHKA, and, husband. (colloquial). An overgrown ignoramus [by the name of the hero of Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth"]. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

The protagonist of the comedy "Undergrowth" (1783) by Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin (1745-1792) is a spoiled landowner's son, a lazy and ignorant one. A common noun for young people of this type. Encyclopedic Dictionary of winged words and expressions. M .: "Lokid ... ... Dictionary of winged words and expressions

M. 1. Literary character. 2. Used as a symbol of a stupid, undereducated young man from a wealthy family; undergrowth. Explanatory Dictionary of Ephraim. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

Undergrowth comedy by Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin. This play is his most famous work and the most repertory play of the 18th century on the Russian stage of subsequent centuries. Fonvizin worked on the comedy for about three years. The premiere took place in 1782 ... Wikipedia

Mitrofanushka- Mitrof anushka, and, genus. n. pl. h. nis (undergrowth) ... Russian spelling dictionary

Mitrofanushka- (1 m) (lit. character; also about a lazy person and an ignoramus) ... Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language

AND; m. and w. Iron. About a poorly educated, lazy, unwilling to study teenager. ● Named after the hero of the comedy Fonvizin Undergrowth (1782) ... encyclopedic Dictionary

mitrofanushka- And; m. and w.; iron. About a poorly educated, lazy, unwilling to study teenager. By the name of the hero of the comedy Fonvizin Undergrowth (1782) ... Dictionary of many expressions

Mitrofanushka- the character of the comedy D. Fonvizin Undergrowth (1783), his name has become a household name for a stupid and ignorant young man who does not want to learn ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

Books

Undergrowth. Brigadier, Fonvizin Denis Ivanovich. The book includes the most famous works of the playwright, publicist, translator and creator of Russian everyday comedy D. I. Fonvizin. The heroes of the comedy "Undergrowth" are representatives of different social ...