Reason is given to man in order to understand: it is impossible to live by reason alone. People live by feelings, but for feelings it doesn't matter who is right

Preparing for

final essay

"PLEASED MAN" (poem in prose) A young man is skipping along the streets of the capital. His movements are cheerful, lively; eyes shine, lips grin, pleasantly reddens a touched face ... He is all - contentment and joy. What happened to him? Did he inherit? Did he get promoted? Is he in a hurry for a love date? Or did he just have a good breakfast - and a feeling of health, a feeling of well-fed strength leaped up in all his members? Have they put your beautiful octagonal cross on his neck, O Polish King Stanislav! No. He composed a slander against an acquaintance, spread it carefully, heard it, this very slander, from the lips of another acquaintance - and he believed her. Oh, how pleased, how kind even at this moment this dear, promising young man! February, 1878

Poem in prose

"Happy Man"

I. S. Turgenev

What moral qualities of a person were condemned in the work?

Moral villainy and dishonor

"Happy Man"

Makes others evil

(composed slander)

"man of promise"

HONOR - ... HONOR

Honor- this is that high spiritual force that keeps a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice. This is the core that strengthens the individual in choosing an act, this is a situation where conscience is the judge.
Life often tests people, putting them before a choice - to act honorably and take a hit on themselves, or to be cowardly and go against conscience in order to gain benefits and get away from troubles, possibly death.
A person always has a choice, and how he will act depends on his moral principles. The path of honor is difficult, but the retreat from it, the loss of honor, is even more painful.

Honor or dishonor?

Being a social, rational and conscious being, a person cannot but think about how others treat him, what they think about him, what assessments are given to his actions and his whole life. At the same time, he cannot help thinking about his place among other people. This spiritual connection of a person with society is expressed in the concepts of Honor and Dignity.

“Honor is my life,” Shakespeare wrote, “they have grown together into one, and to lose honor is equal to the loss of life for me.”

Possible topic formulations:

Take care of honor from a young age ...
Can honor resist dishonor?
Do you agree with the statement of P. Corneille “We have no right to live when honor has perished”?
Are there people of honor today?
Is it easy to live without honor and conscience?
Honor and honesty: how are these concepts related?
What an honor if there is nothing to eat!

Aphorisms

Not strong the best, but honest. Honor and dignity are the strongest. (F. M. Dostoevsky)

Honor cannot be taken away, it can be lost. (A.P. Chekhov)

Our honor is to follow the best and improve the worst ... (Plato)

Honor is an outward conscience, and conscience is an inward honor. (Arthur Schopenhauer)

	Dishonor
To deprive the honor of another is to deprive one of one's own. Publius Cyrus	I will endure injustice, but not dishonor.
Honor is dearer than life. Schiller F.	Disgrace equal drags behind him the one who betrayed love and who left the battle. Corneille Pierre
I agree to endure any misfortune, But I will not agree that honor should suffer. Corneille Pierre	Every dishonesty is a step towards dishonor. V. Sinyavsky
True honor cannot tolerate untruth.	Shamelessness is the patience of the soul for dishonor in the name of profit. Plato
Honor is a reward given for virtue... Aristotle	Honor from the dishonest is also dishonor. Publius Cyrus
Honor is a diamond on the hand of virtue. Voltaire	A dishonest person is ready for a dishonorable deed. Proverb

Spring of honor, our idol!

And this is where the world revolves!

(A. S. Pushkin)

The direction is based on polar concepts related to the choice of a person: to be true to the voice of conscience, to follow moral principles, or to follow the path of betrayal, lies and hypocrisy.

Many writers focused on depicting various manifestations of a person: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to a deep moral fall.

Introduction based on FIPI comments to the direction

Honor... Disgrace... Life and society put before each person a moral choice: to live as conscience dictates, to follow moral principles or follow the path of dishonor, to achieve everything in life through betrayal, lies and hypocrisy. ….

I think that... Undoubtedly... It seems to me that.... In my opinion, ….

Many writers focused on depicting various manifestations of a person: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to a deep moral decline. So, …

Your opinion on this topic

+ transition to arguments from the literature

Code of noble honor on the pages of literary works

The history of the Russian duel of the 19th century is the history of human tragedies, high impulses and passions. The concept of honor in the noble society of that time is connected with the dueling tradition. There was even a code of noble honor. The readiness to pay with life for the inviolability of one's personal dignity presupposed a keen awareness of this dignity.

A.S. Pushkin, "a slave of honor", defending the honor of his wife and his honor, challenged Dantes to a duel, because. could not live “slandered by rumors” and put an end to dishonor at the cost of his own life. M.Yu. Lermontov also fell victim to dishonest and vicious envious people.

In many works of literature, honor is a measure of the humanity and decency of heroes.

Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual power Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual power

The honor of the clan is a category of folk morality. The merchant Kalashnikov in the famous "Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov ..." M.Yu. is the defender of popular ideas about honor and dignity. Lermontov. Having based the plot on a real event, Lermontov fills it with a deep moral meaning. Kalashnikov comes out to fight "for the holy truth, mother", for family values, for the honor of his wife. The image of the merchant Kalashnikov is close to the popular ideal. Just like the heroes of folk epics, Stepan fights for honor and justice, defends eternal values.

Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual power

« But your honor is my guarantee, and I boldly entrust myself to her”, - lines from a letter from Tatyana Larina from the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin", completing a declaration of love, not only expresses the hope of a young girl for the decency and dignity of the chosen one. They sound faith in the fact that the honor of the heroine herself will not be abused.

For Larina, the concept of honor, moral purity is the basis of the worldview. Guided by her idea of duty, she remains faithful to her husband, rejecting Onegin's love. It is possible to sacrifice love, but not to sacrifice honor.

Honor as the embodiment of the spiritual power of the hero Antithesis honor-disgrace in 20th century literature

(V. Bykov "Sotnikov").

The literature about the Great Patriotic War does not bypass the problem of preserving honor. Become a coward, dishonor yourself with betrayal and continue to live with it - this is the choice Rybak makes. He agrees to serve as a policeman, knocks out a support from under the feet of a former fellow soldier and becomes the executioner of the one with whom he fought shoulder to shoulder yesterday. He stays alive and suddenly catches on himself a look full of hatred. Hate him, a coward and a traitor, a dishonorable person. Now he is an enemy - both for people and for himself too ... Fate deprives Rybak of the opportunity to commit suicide, he will live with his stigma of dishonor.

Literature to help

D. Fonvizin "Undergrowth"
A. Griboedov "Woe from Wit"
A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
A. Pushkin "Dubrovsky"
M. Lermontov "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich ..."
M. Lermontov "The Fugitive"
N. Gogol "Taras Bulba"
L. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
F. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
A. Green "Green Lamp".
M. Sholokhov "The fate of man"
V. Bykov "Obelisk"; "Sotnikov"
B. Vasiliev "I was not on the lists"
Prosper Merimee "Matteo Falcone"

Argumentation

Poem in prose

"Happy Man"

Formulation of your position in the form of a thesis;
Making a micro-withdrawal,

using quote

I. S. Turgenev

Disgrace, in my opinion, is …………….. Recall …………….. The writer draws …………………….. By asking a series of rhetorical questions, the author tries to understand the reason ………………………… The answer strikes us: ………… Understand the author’s position irony allows us……………………………. Reading this work, I remember the words .... (proverb) .... + micro output. Let us recall the poem in I. S. Turgenev's prose "A Satisfied Man". The writer draws a young man who is all contentment and joy. Asking a series of rhetorical questions, the author tries to understand the reason for this mood. The answer strikes us: the hero is pleased that he composed a slander about another. The bitter irony allows us to understand the author's position: "a promising young man." Reading this work, I remember the words of Publius Syrus: "To deprive another of the honor is to lose one's own." The hero of Turgenev, I think, dishonored himself first of all.

So, in conclusion, I want to say that………………. I think that ………………………………. At the end, I want to remember the lines …………………..

So, in conclusion, I want to say that each of us will go our own way in life, each of us has our own path, full of ups and downs. And yet, I think that the main thing for a person is to be honest with himself and with others. In the end, I would like to recall the lines of A. S. Pushkin:

Spring of honor, our idol!

And that's what the world revolves on!

Perhaps honor is a heavy burden for everyone, and only a strong personality, brought up in honesty and morality, is capable of carrying it. Of course, everyone chooses for himself whether to follow the path of honor or live without it, omitting all unnecessary moral prejudices and pangs of conscience. However, it becomes sad at the moment when such a concept as “honor” is not initially invested in the upbringing of a person, because in the future it becomes a tragedy for the whole society. After all, moral decay, the fall of moral foundations leads to the collapse of both the individual and the whole nation.

Yuri Levitansky

Everyone chooses for himself

woman, religion, road.

Serve the devil or the prophet -

everyone chooses for himself.

Everyone chooses for themselves

a word for love and for prayer.

Dueling sword, battle sword

everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for themselves.

Shield and armor, staff and patches,

measure of final retribution

everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for himself.

I also choose as best I can.

I have no complaints against anyone.

Everyone chooses for himself.

Homework Create and write down a complex outline for each of the following topics:

How are the concepts of "honor" and "fatherland" related?
What does it mean to walk the path of honor?
What drives a person to dishonorable acts?

Composition

Creativity A. Green - art, and its purpose is to convey to the reader "the truth about the human soul." The writer sought to comprehend the mysteries of the inner world of man, to get to the bottom of his life, his aspirations. Of course, the task is difficult, but Green managed to solve it in his works. One of them is the story "The Green Lamp".

This small-scale creation of the writer reflects the whole life of the protagonist of the story - John Yves. Before us is winter London in the 1920s, a city of sharp social contrasts. This is already indicated by the first two paragraphs of the story: “They have just left an expensive restaurant. There they dined, drank wine and joked with the aristocrats from the Drurilensky theater.” And now the rich went out into the street, and their attention "was attracted by a lying motionless, poorly dressed man of about twenty-five."

What he saw prompted one of the rich, Stilton, the idea of \u200b\u200bwhat could be done with this unfortunate man. Having given him ten pounds, the rich man ordered to rent an apartment with a window to the street and every day from five to twelve to light a green lamp. Stilton said nothing about the purpose of his idea to Yves. He only noticed that "unexpectedly, suddenly" Yves "will be visited by people who will make ... a wealthy man" poor fellow. But it was another invention of a bored aristocrat.

Yves did everything that his "benefactor" instructed to do. And Stilton was almost certain that the guy would get drunk or go crazy. But were the assumptions of this man justified? What did Yves wait for, turning on a green lamp every evening? We learn about this when Green takes us to the year 1928, to the hospital for the poor.

It is here that Eve and Stilton meet, many years after their last date. Only now they have switched roles: the once wealthy Stilton went bankrupt and turned into a beggar, and John Eve became a doctor. One day, returning home, Yves saw a man standing on the street and looking at the window with a green light. This man uttered the words that became decisive in the fate of the young hero. He said: “Yves is a classic fool! He is waiting for the promised wonderful things… yes, at least he has hopes, and I am almost ruined!”

That man was Stilton. Willow was shocked by these words. By that time, he had already read a huge number of books on medicine, wanting to become a doctor. And this desire, thanks to the hard work and diligence of the hero, was fulfilled. The dialogue between Stilton and Yves ends with John talking about the possibility of giving his "benefactor" a job in the outpatient clinic - "writing down the names of the patients who come." This ends the story of A. Green.

With amazing subtlety, the writer managed to show how changeable life is: today you seem to have everything, and tomorrow you lose it all. But the main thing is not to lose hope, faith in the future. This can only be done by a person who has a goal, striving for the future.

What was Stilton aiming for? Yes, nothing. He lived one day, inventing empty entertainment for himself, spending money. He burned through his already meaningless life. And Yves, probably, did not even hope that someone would come to him and make him a wealthy person. This hero simply understood that he had a unique chance to buy books, get an education. He knew what he was striving for, and achieved it with his labors.

In addition, it is very symbolic that John Eve had to light a green lamp, since green is the color of hope. It probably matters that Stilton doesn't tell Yves why he needs to do the same things every day. He doesn't even come up with anything intelligible. This keeps John in the dark, and at the same time gives him hope.

The last phrase in the story, which belongs to John Ive, is interesting. He tells Stilton, who lost his leg as a result of the operation: "... going down the dark stairs, light ... At least a match." The ellipsis that the writer uses here is important. I just want to add - "green lamp". But no, just a match ... And the dark staircase, perhaps, personifies life. The dark staircase of the life of the evil joker Stilton, the light of which is only a lit match. The dark staircase of John Yves, who himself lit up his life with the green light of hope.

I want to live in order to think and suffer (A. S. Pushkin) Reason and feeling: can they possess a person at the same time or are these concepts mutually exclusive of one another? Is it true that in a fit of feelings a person commits both vile deeds and great discoveries that drive evolution and progress? What is a dispassionate mind capable of, a cold calculation? The search for answers to these questions has occupied the best minds of mankind since life appeared. And this dispute, which is more important - reason or feeling - has been going on since antiquity, and everyone has their own answer. “People live by feelings,” says Erich Maria Remarque, but immediately adds that in order to realize this, reason is needed.

On the pages of world fiction, the problem of the influence of feelings and the mind of a person is raised very often. So, for example, in Leo Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace" two types of heroes appear: on the one hand, this is the impulsive Natasha Rostova, the sensitive Pierre Bezukhov, the fearless Nikolai Rostov, on the other hand, the arrogant and prudent Helen Kuragina and her brother, callous Anatole. Many conflicts in the novel come precisely from the excess of feelings of the characters, whose ups and downs are very interesting to watch. A vivid example of how a burst of feelings, thoughtlessness, ardor of character, impatient youth influenced the fate of the heroes is the case of Natasha's betrayal, because for her, funny and young, it was incredibly long to wait for her wedding with Andrei Bolkonsky, could she subdue her unexpectedly flashed feelings for Anatole the voice of reason? Here we have a real drama of mind and feelings in the soul of the heroine, she faces a difficult choice: to leave her fiancé and leave with Anatole, or not to succumb to a momentary impulse and wait for Andrei. It was in favor of feelings that this difficult choice was made, only chance prevented Natasha. We cannot condemn the girl, knowing her impatient nature and thirst for love. It was feelings that dictated Natasha's impulse, after which she regretted her act when she analyzed it.

It was the feeling of boundless, all-consuming love that helped Margarita reunite with her lover in Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita. The heroine, without a second's hesitation, gives her soul to the devil and goes with him to the ball, where the killers and hangmen kiss her knee. Having abandoned a secure, measured life in a luxurious mansion with a loving husband, she rushes into an adventurous adventure with evil spirits. Here is a vivid example of how a person, having chosen a feeling, created his happiness.

Thus, the statement of Erich Maria Remarque is absolutely true: guided only by reason, a person can live, but it will be a colorless, dull and joyless life, only feelings give life indescribably bright colors, leaving emotionally filled memories. As the great classic Leo Tolstoy wrote: “If we assume that human life can be controlled by reason, then the very possibility of life will be destroyed.”

Honor and dishonor."

The direction is based on polar concepts related to the choice of a person: to be true to the voice of conscience, to follow moral principles, or to follow the path of betrayal, lies and hypocrisy.

Many writers focused on depicting various manifestations of a person: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to a deep moral decline of the individual.

1. What is the difference between honor and honesty?
2. How do you understand the words honor and dishonor?
3. Honor and honesty give birth to the mind, and dishonesty takes it away.
4. What does it mean to walk the path of honor?
5. Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age.
6. D. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" - Pravdin, Starodum, Sofya - Prostakovs.
7. A. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" - Chatsky - Molchalin, Famus Society.
8. A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" - Grinev - Shvabrin.
9. M. Lermonotov "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilievich ..." - merchant Kalashnikov - Kiribeevich.
10. N. Gogol "Taras Bulba".
11. A.K. Tolstoy "Prince Silver".
12. L. Tolstoy "War and Peace" - Andrei Bolkonsky - Dolokhov; old prince Bolkonsky - Vasily Kuragin ...
13. F. Dostoevsky "The Idiot" - Prince Myshkin - Gavrila Ivolgin; "Crime and Punishment". A. Kuprin "Duel".
14. M. Bulgakov "White Guard"; "Master and Margarita".
15. V. Kaverin "Two Captains" - Sanya Grigoriev - Romashin, Nikolai Antonovich.
16. N. Dumbadze "I see the sun."
17. N. Leskov "The Man on the Clock".
18. A.. Kuprin "Wonderful Doctor".
19. A. Green "Green Lamp".
20. M. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man", "Quiet Flows the Don".
21. V. Bykov "Obelisk"; "Sotnikov".
22. D. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
23. V. Kaverin "Picture".
24. V. Dudintsev "White clothes".
25. V. Rasputin "Live and remember"; Ivan's daughter, Ivan's mother.

Thematic direction 2 "Honor and dishonor".

Selection of literary material. Preparation for a home essay on the topic “Trading in honor, you will not get rich” (F.M. Dostoevsky)

Write down the first signs of the proposed direction of the final essay that came to mind, without dwelling on them in detail.

spotless reputation honest name dignity justice HONOR fidelity decency nobility of soul Clear conscience 1) Answer the question: How do you understand the expression "man of honor"? What kind of person can be called that? 2) Write down next to the names of literary heroes about whom you can say "man of honor" (indicate the work). Masha Mironova A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” Matryona A.I. ...» HONOR fidelity Tatyana A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" decency nobility of soul pure conscience Pyotr Grinev A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Pierre Bezukhov L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Sonechka Marmeladova F.M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment"

Remember phraseological units and proverbs, in which the word "honor" is used

Proverbs:

· Money is lost - little is lost, health is lost - a lot is lost, honor is lost - everything is lost.

· Honor of honor and believes in the word.

· Honor by merit.

Take care of honor from a young age, and health in old age.

· Not the honest one who chases honor, but the one for whom she herself runs. The clean and the fire will not burn, but the dirty and the water will not wash away.

Honor is protected by the head.

Honor goes along the road, and dishonor is on the sidelines.

· We would have money, but we will find honor.

· Live with your mind, and honor to grow by work.

· Honor is firm, in the word stand.

· Honor is not on the caftan, but under the caftan.

What is, such is the honor.

· Honest eyes do not look sideways.

Phraseologisms

With honor to get out of a predicament,

Do the job with honor

Honor and praise!

does honor (to whom, what), I have honor<кланяться>.

Lives by honor, by conscience

Honor honor, salute; matter of honor, duty of honor, honor of uniform, man of honor, honor by honor

Explain how you understand the meaning of these phraseological units. Conclusion (notebook entry): Honor gives respect: the expression "man of honor" is one of the most significant compliments in Russia to a noble person. How do you understand the word "disgrace"? Choose synonyms for this word (defamation of honor, insult, shame). Remember the proverbs with the word “disgrace” (For dishonor (for honor), the head perishes. Mutilation is not dishonor. Dishonor is paid for injury. Death is better than dishonor). Remember the literary heroes who commit dishonorable acts (Paratov from A.N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Dowry”, Arbenin from M.Yu. Lermontov’s drama “Masquerade”, Shvabrin from A.S. .S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky", Grushnitsky from the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", Lazar Podkhalyuzin and Lipochka Bolshova from the play by A.N. Ostrovsky "Our people - we will settle", etc.) II. Work on the topic of the essay “Trade in honor, you will not get rich” (F.M. Dostoevsky) Formulate the main idea of the essay (We must live by honor, by conscience, not forgetting that, as A.P. Chekhov said, “honor cannot be taken away, it can only be lost."

Task: fill in the table Write an introduction Choose a thesis and arguments for your introduction. Write a conclusion linking it to the abstract and introduction.

Intro options

1. We live in a difficult time: sanctions, crisis, inflation... Officially, in Russia, 84% of the population live below the poverty line, 12% are the middle class and 4% are the elite, that is, those who have millions and billions. Are there many honest people among them? “Incorrect question,” you say. And I will ask another question: “How did they become millionaires and billionaires and do they think about what honor and dishonor are?” To answer this question, let us turn to Russian literature. (68 words)

Thesis 1

Wealth (great wealth!) does not come from honest work.

Argument 1: Sergei Sergeevich Paratov, the protagonist of A.N. Ostrovsky's play "The Dowry"

Thesis 2: In our time, fortunately, there are people who call on us, ordinary people, to live according to our conscience and honor. These people include Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev. \

Argument 2: Article by D.S. Likhachev “And the hour struck.

Conclusion option

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that people who own huge wealth (remember: 4% of very rich Russians?) will think about those who can barely make ends meet, who the day before retirement does not have enough money to buy a piece of bread ... They will think and do charity work, like Savva Morozov, like Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, a Russian businessman, philanthropist, collector of works of Russian fine art, founder of the Tretyakov Gallery .. They will think and remember the word "honor" ... (65 words)

Entry option

“You won’t get rich by trading in honor,” said the great Russian writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky in the 19th century. And now it is the 21st century, but the relevance of this statement is obvious: in our century there are people for whom the word "honor" is an empty phrase. Fortunately, there are those who "preserve honor from a young age." The literature convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. (56 words)

Thesis + Argument

Thesis 1: First, civil servants, endowed with power, like no other, must comply with the code of honor. Alas, sometimes this does not happen.

Argument 1: Gorodnichiy Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, the hero of N.V. Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector"

Thesis 2: Secondly, those who sincerely love their Motherland, the nature surrounding them, who are ready to give their lives for harmony to reign in the world, do not want to trade in honor.

Argument 2: Egor Polushkin from B. Vasiliev's story "Do not shoot at white swans".

Conclusion option

In conclusion, one cannot fail to say about the relevance of the topic raised, which still sounds modern, because modern society is filled with dishonest people, people who think about their own benefit and forget about the interests of others ... I am convinced: you cannot trade in what constitutes the honest name of a person, his inner moral dignity and a clear conscience ... It is impossible! Never! Under no circumstances! And everyone should understand this! (60 words)

Entry option

The path of honor and the path of dishonor... The path of honor is the path of truth, justice, dignity... The path of dishonor is the road to nowhere. People choose which way to go. Go to the hospital... Often you have to pay there... for care and attention, for a highly qualified doctor... For sale is what should be the norm... And the traffic cops?... And the police?... And the officials? Do you think they who take bribes get richer? Outwardly, probably, yes .. But the soul is getting poorer ... "Dirty" money will never bring happiness and joy ... The boomerang law will work: someone's pain will return to the house of bribe-takers ... Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view . (89 words)

Thesis + Argument

Thesis 1: In the fact that a person cheats on himself, loses face,

becomes indifferent and dishonest, only he is to blame.

Argument 1: Dmitry Ionych Startsev from A.P. Chekhov's story "Ionych" Thesis 2: In human society, dishonorable people have always been treated with contempt and with respect for decent people who protect their “honor from a young age”.

Argument 2: Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin and Pyotr Andreevich from A.S. Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter"

Conclusion option

In conclusion, it is impossible not to say about the relevance of the topic raised, which still sounds topical, because in society there will always be people worthy of respect, with a spotless reputation, and people who do not have honor. We can change the situation only together: by expressing contempt for scoundrels, opportunists, careerists, we will make them think about their behavior and, perhaps, change for the better. I hope so... (59 words)

Entry option

In Russia, such great people as Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, Kuzma Minin, Dmitry Pozharsky, Mikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Suvorov, Mikhail Kutuzov have always been honored as the personification of honor and a spotless conscience. And they always despised thieves, bribe-takers, robbers, murderers - people without honor and conscience. They, trading their good name, did not think that they would be damned. I will give arguments to prove my point of view. (58 words)

Thesis + Argument

Thesis 1: Firstly, a person, having once deceived, betrays himself: it is very difficult to return respect for yourself and other people, you need to prove that you have changed, become better, that you will no longer lie. Argument 1: Nina, the heroine of Tamara Kryukova from the story "Once you lied"

Thesis 2: In war, in contrast to peacetime, all feelings are heightened, including self-esteem, a sense of patriotism, a sense of camaraderie. If someone became a traitor, then there was no forgiveness for such a person.

Argument 2: A fisherman from V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" (you can

contrast it with Sotnikov)

Conclusion option

Concluding my essay, I want to encourage all people to think about the words of Vadim Panov, a Russian science fiction writer: "If you have nothing, then you have your honor, but if you do not have your honor, you have nothing." We must remember this, because without honor we lose ourselves, we lose the respect of others, we lose respect for ourselves ... (56 words)

Death is better than dishonor (last)

Often in recent times there have been arguments that the concepts of “principles”, “morality”, “dignity” have lost their relevance. By typing the words “honor”, “disgrace” in a search engine, you will receive today about 146 million results (!) And find yourself in the center of opposing opinions. Yes, for someone, as in the times of A. Radishchev, and later A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, the value is a spotless reputation, the nobility of the human soul. There are those who flaunt their rejection of enduring moral norms and assure themselves, first of all, that one can live without respectable beliefs, qualities, and actions. "Death is better than dishonor"? Is it possible to step over, survive the shame, disgrace, desecration of honor, or, as the poet wrote, "... and you will not be washed away with all your black blood ..."?

Flipping through the pages of your favorite works in your memory, you understand how much it meant for the heroes of F.M. Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, M.A. Bulgakov's ability to live according to the law of honor. It seemed to me interesting to trace the life of our contemporaries after their “deal” with conscience - these are the heroes for whom shame, dishonor turned out to be so strong that the censure of others was no longer required. R. Bradbury, L. Ulitskaya, B. Werber, D. Keyes, P. Sanaev, D. Picoult. The list of authors whose works convince that even today dishonor is worse than death is far from complete. Confirmation of this is Khaled Hosseini and his novel The Kite Runner.

Before me is a book, after reading which it is impossible to continue to live serenely, recklessly, without analyzing your actions, without thinking about the consequences of each step. The author introduces the reader to the Kabul boy Amir, the son of a local aristocrat, and day by day we begin to get to know the world, its light and dark sides, together with the hero. We, like a teenager, have not yet been given the opportunity to realize that every moment can become a step towards honor, memory, gratitude, or it can lead to the line of betrayal, shame. And the desire of a child who grew up without a mother to do everything to please his stern, laconic father is quite understandable, and Amir's jealousy towards the servant - childhood friend Hassan is also understandable: Baba is too warm towards the Hazara despised in society. But when H. Hosseini brings his protagonist to the line, beyond which there is dishonor, a destroyed family, broken ties, broken destinies, crippled souls, you understand how difficult it is to remain a person not in war, under the gun of the enemy, but in everyday life.

What did the kite festival mean to Amir? The competition could bring the teenager the long-awaited respect of his father, his love, interest in his son - this is exactly what the hero counted on, hoping with the help of Hasan to keep the kite in the air for the longest time and find it faster than anyone else. Life disposes differently.
The scene of bullying by Asef, the old enemy of the boys, over Hasan is also impossible to read because we see it through the eyes of a man who has violated the law of friendship, who has not intervened in the ruthless reprisal against the weak and who understands his own meanness, betrayal, baseness. The inner monologues of both the little cowardly Amir and the famous writer who becomes the hero make it possible to understand that the burden of shame, disgrace cannot be thrown off: the secret dishonor, “which in silence gnaws at the soul of a person” (Thomas Mann) is worse than any sentence!
The false accusation of a Khazarian of theft, Hasan’s forced flight from his home, which became his own, the wanderings around the world of Amir himself in an effort to forget the past, start living anew - the novel is full of events, but does not answer the question of how to get rid of memory, free yourself from court of conscience. The ring composition of the work, like a vicious circle, personifies the hopelessness of this struggle and states: dishonor is worse than death. And only in the finale of the novel by H. Hosseini, allowing the hero to again face a choice: to protect little Sohrab or to escape - gives him a chance to save his soul.

Interestingly, the word "honor" is mentioned in the Bible more than a hundred times, and the protection of honor and dignity is given special attention in the basic law of our state. I don’t think it’s by chance that these so different books and documents are unanimous: you can live according to all the canons only by listening to the voice of conscience, following moral laws, and lies, hypocrisy, betrayal are the “privileges” of a miserable existence, which is worse than death.

What are the moral qualities of a person
received condemnation in the works?
Moral villainy and dishonor
"Pleased
Human"
"Fake Coin"
Makes 'fake
good"
Makes others evil
(composed slander)
"unforgivable
be evil... do
stupid evil"
"promising
Human"
Irony
Author
open condemnation

Direction "Honor and dishonor"

Choice of topic and epigraph
Epigraph (from Greek επιγραφή - "inscription")
- a quotation placed at the head of an essay
or parts thereof for the purpose of indicating its spirit, its
meaning, the attitude of the author to it and to that
similar.

Possible wording of topics

Honor is true and false.

Which heroes live by honor?
Death or dishonor?

Is there a right to dishonor?

Aphorisms

Not strong the best, but honest. Honor and own
dignity is the strongest.
(F. M. Dostoevsky)
Honor cannot be taken away, it can be
lose.
(A.P. Chekhov)
Only the unsullied can win
dishonest.
(Samed Vurgun)
Honor is an outward conscience, and conscience is
inner honor.
(Arthur Schopenhauer)

Honor
Dishonor
To deprive another of honor means to deprive
his.
Publius Cyrus
I will endure injustice, but not
dishonor.
Caecilius
Honor is dearer than life.
Dishonor equal drags behind him who
betrayed love and who left the fight.
Corneille Pierre
Schiller F.
I agree to endure any misfortune, but I do not
I agree that honor has suffered.
Corneille Pierre
Every dishonesty is a step towards dishonor.
V. Sinyavsky
True honor cannot tolerate untruth. Shamelessness - patience of the soul to
fielding
dishonor in the name of gain.
Plato
Honor is an award given for
virtue…
Aristotle
Honor from the dishonest - too, after all
dishonor.
Publius Cyrus
Honor is a diamond on your hand
virtues.
A dishonest man is ready for dishonest
case.
Proverb
Voltaire
Spring of honor, our idol!
And that's what the world revolves on!
(A. S. Pushkin)

The direction is based on polar
concepts related to the choice of a person: to be
faithful to the voice of conscience, follow the moral
principles or go the way of betrayal, lies
And
hypocrisy.
Many
writers
focus on the image
different manifestations of a person: from fidelity
moral rules to various forms
compromise with conscience, up to a deep
moral decline

Introduction based on FIPI comments to the direction
Epigraph
Honor… Disgrace… Life and society before
each person is given a moral choice:
live according to conscience, follow
moral principles or follow the path
dishonor, achieve everything in life by
betrayal, lies and hypocrisy. In his
essay, I want to reflect on
topic (statement of full name, answer
the question of all time)….

My opinion on this topic
I think that... It seems to me that.... Prove
my readership will help my point of view
experience. After all, many writers turned their
attention to the moral qualities of a person: from
fidelity to moral rules to various
forms of compromise with conscience, up to
deep moral decline

Argumentation
Poem in prose
"Happy Man"
Compose
plan
By
paragraphs
Make a microout
using your thoughts
or quote
I. S. Turgenev

Let's remember ……………..
Writer draws
……………………..
By asking a series of rhetorical
questions
author
trying
understand
………………………… The answer strikes us:
…………Understand
author's
position
…………………………….
Reading
This
work,
I
remember
words
….
(proverb)…. + micro output.

Recall the poem in the prose of I.S.
Turgenev "The Satisfied Man" Writer
draws a young man who is all -
contentment and joy.
By setting a series
rhetorical questions, the author tries
understand the reason for this attitude. Answer
it amazes us: the hero is pleased with what he composed
slander about another. Understand copyright
bitter irony allows us to take a position:
"promising young man". Reading
this work, I remember the words of Publius
Sira: "To deprive another of honor means
lose yours." Hero of Turgenev, I think
dishonored himself in the first place.

Poem in
prose
"Fake Coin"
Charles Baudelaire
Make a plan for
paragraphs
Do
microoutput,
using their
thoughts or quote

lead
prosaic
poem
…………………….
Narration
starts
With
descriptions of what …………………………………It is

one more hero – ………………... Events take
an interesting twist: ………………………………... Like
hearing the narrator's silent questions, mate
utters, in my opinion, a terrible phrase:
…………………………….. The author’s sentence is unequivocal:
……………………... + micro-inference - rhetorical
exclamation.

As the next argument,
quote a prose poem by Charles
Baudelaire's The Counterfeit Coin, which also
tells about the immoral act of the hero.
The story begins with a description of what
one of the characters mysteriously parses the money. This
strikes our narrator. Next appears
another hero is a beggar whose eyes are full
eloquent
pleading.
Events
accept
interesting
turn:
alms
buddy
turned out to be a counterfeit coin. as if hearing
silent questions of the narrator, a friend says,
in my opinion, a terrible phrase: he receives from
cheating fun. The author's statement is clear:
it is unforgivable to be evil, and even worse to do
stupid evil. This is the most dishonorable act!

So, in conclusion, I want to say,
What……………….
I
Think,
What
………………………………. At the end you want
remember the lines …………………..

So, in conclusion, I want to say that
each of us will go our own way
life, everyone has their own path, complete and
ups and downs. And yet I think
what is most important for a person is to be
honest to yourself and to
others. At the end I want to remember
lines of A. S. Pushkin:
Spring of honor, our idol!
And that's what the world revolves on!

Yuri Levitansky
Everyone chooses for himself
Everyone chooses for himself
woman, religion, road.
Serve the devil or the prophet -
everyone chooses for himself.
Everyone chooses for themselves
a word for love and for prayer.
Dueling sword, sword
for the battle, each chooses for himself.
Everyone chooses for themselves.
Shield and armor, staff and patches,
measure of final retribution
everyone chooses for themselves.
Everyone chooses for himself.
I also choose as best I can.
I have no complaints against anyone.
Everyone chooses for himself.
1983

Write a home essay

Our honor is to follow the best and improve the worst ... (Plato)
Can honor resist dishonor?
Take care of honor from a young age ... (proverb)
How to choose in a difficult moment between honor and dishonor?
Where do dishonest people come from?
Honor is true and false.
Are there people of honor today?
Which heroes live by honor?
Death or dishonor?
A dishonest person is ready for a dishonorable deed.
Water will wash everything away, only dishonor cannot wash it away.
It is better to be poor with honor than rich with dishonor.
Is there a right to dishonor?
An honest person values honor, but what should a dishonest person value?
Every dishonesty is a step towards dishonor.

Literature to help

D. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" - Pravdin, Starodum, Sofya - Prostakovs.
A. Griboedov "Woe from Wit" - Chatsky - Molchalin, Famus Society.
A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" - Grinev - Shvabrin.
M. Lermontov "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilievich ..."
N. Gogol "Taras Bulba".
L. Tolstoy "War and Peace" - Andrei Bolkonsky - Dolokhov; old prince
Bolkonsky - Vasily Kuragin ...
F. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".
A. Kuprin "Duel", "Wonderful Doctor".
M. Bulgakov "White Guard"; "Master and Margarita".
V. Kaverin "Two Captains" - Sanya Grigoriev - Romashin, Nikolai
Antonovich.
A. Green "Green Lamp".
M. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man", "Quiet Flows the Don".
V. Bykov "Obelisk"; "Sotnikov".
D. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful."