The case of the murder of the Royal family: new expertise and materials. Discussion
The Russian Orthodox Church still does not recognize that the "Ekaterinburg remains" may belong to the royal family canonized by it. Perhaps soon the Russian Orthodox Church will still begin to consider them holy relics.
The Russian Orthodox Church promises to publish in the summer of 2017 the first results of the examination of the "Yekaterinburg remains" allegedly belonging to the family of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II, if the Investigative Committee gives its consent, TASS reports with reference to the RF Investigative Committee and Secretary of the Patriarchal Commission for the study of the results of the examination of Bishop Tikhon of Yegorievsk (Shevkunova).
In the Danilov Monastery (Patriarch's residence) on June 14, a meeting was held chaired by Patriarch Kirill on the issue of establishing the identity of the remains found in 1993 in the vicinity of Yekaterinburg. The meeting was attended by a delegation of the Investigative Committee headed by Alexander Bastrykin and members of a special church commission headed by Metropolitan Varsonofy of St. Petersburg and Ladoga.
Bastrykin told Patriarch Kirill about the interim results of the identification of the remains - about the results of the examinations appointed as part of the criminal case.
"After the meeting, the members of the Patriarchal Commission decided to ask the Investigative Committee for permission to publish the materials of the investigation, the examination of which has been completed," Bishop Tikhon told the agency. "If permission is obtained, then this summer," he added, answering a question about the timing of the possible publication of the results of the examination.
“There were so many interesting things in the reports and messages, in the debates and presentations that, with all my desire, I won’t be able to retell it in a short interview: the meeting with the patriarch lasted about five hours,” Vladyka shared. He explained that he had no right to divulge the secret of the investigation.
Bishop Tikhon noted that in the course of the investigation, examinations and research, previously unknown facts were discovered, and a lot - that's all he can say at the moment. But when the consent of the UK is obtained, a constructive discussion will begin in a variety of forms on new and previously available facts and versions, the representative of the Russian Orthodox Church promised.
The last Russian Emperor Nicholas II abdicated on March 2, 1917. Together with his family, he was shot on the night of June 16-17, 1918 in Yekaterinburg by decision of the Ural Soviet of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies, controlled by the Bolsheviks.
In 1993, near Yekaterinburg, in the area of Ganina Yama, remains were found that allegedly belonged to the emperor and his family. The Russian authorities officially recognized the discovered bodies as the remains of the royal family. They were buried in the Peter and Paul Fortress.
In 2000, the Russian Orthodox Church canonized Nicholas II and his family, after which the discussion about the authenticity of the remains intensified. After all, if confirmed, the remains should be revered as holy relics. However, the Russian Orthodox Church did not find sufficient grounds to recognize the remains of the canonized Romanovs as relics.
In order to conduct a complex of examinations, including historical, genetic, anthropological for the indisputable identification of the dead, in 2015 a criminal case was initiated on the death of members of the family of the Russian imperial house of the Romanovs and the remains of Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna were exhumed in the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg .
Also for examination were taken blood samples of the grandfather of Emperor Nicholas II - Emperor Alexander II, who died during the terrorist attack in 1881 - from his uniform, stored in the Hermitage. After the completion of all examinations, the question of the authenticity of the remains will be submitted to the Cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Church.
According to Bishop Tikhon, the commission will ask the UK for permission for permanent and involved experts even before the end of the investigation for interviews and comments on questions and topics that have already been answered in order to promote public discussion.
"Judgment regarding church veneration or disrespect for the 'Yekaterinburg remains' as relics is authorized to be made only by the conciliar mind of the Orthodox Church. Before that, all other judgments, of course, can take place, since research continues today, and therefore a very important discussion continues. This can only welcome," Bishop Tikhon explained.
At the same time, many believers and some experts adhere to the version that the bodies of those killed were completely destroyed.
That the Church has not yet formed its position regarding the Yekaterinburg remains.
According to him, the investigation conducted in the 1990s was characterized by lack of transparency and complete unwillingness to let the Church into this process. Therefore, the Patriarch, discussing this topic with the President of Russia, raised the issue of a second investigation, where “from the very beginning to the end, the Church should not watch from the outside, but it should be included in this process.”
“And as a result of a new investigation, conducted anew in accordance with all the rules for conducting an investigative case, we received some results,” said the Primate of the Church.
He stressed that the results of the examinations are not tied to any dates or terms, so there can be no haste.
“For us, this is not just a question of how this murder was committed, what it all meant, whether the found remains are the remains of the royal family. This is also a question related to the spiritual life of our people, because the royal family has been canonized and deeply revered by the people. Therefore, we have no right to make a mistake,” he stressed.
Archimandrite Savva (Tutunov), deputy manager of the affairs of the Moscow Patriarchate, said that the question of the authenticity of the Yekaterinburg remains will be considered at the Bishops' Council, which will be held in Moscow from November 29 to December 4.
“People who are responsible for studying this issue will probably tell something. But it’s too early to talk about what conclusions will be drawn,” he said, stressing that the examination will take as much time as it will take to complete it.
Vladimir Legoyda, chairman of the Synodal Department for Church Relations with Society and the Media, noted that the completion of the examination is also “only a stage: you need to see how the results of one examination are combined with another.”
“This process will be as open as possible,” he promised.
Interrogations and examinations
Marina Molodtsova
Marina Molodtsova, senior investigator for especially important cases of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, said that after the resumption of the investigation into the murder of the royal family, more than 20 people who discovered the burial of the remains and participated in the excavations were interrogated.
“With their participation, inspections of the scene were made - both Ganina Pit and Porosenkov Log, where they spoke about the circumstances known to them in the case,” Molodtsova said.
She also said that after the resumption of the investigation into the death of the royal family, 34 different examinations were appointed by the investigating authorities.
“Production of examinations is not finished. There are only intermediate results on some issues,” the investigator said.
According to Molodtsova, “careful studies are being carried out on the remains of people found in two burials in the Piglet Log. The experts were asked questions about the causes of death, the establishment of gender and family ties, and the identification of various injuries.
We are talking about the remains of nine people found in the area of the Old Koptyakovskaya road in 1991 and subsequently buried in the tomb of the Romanovs in the Peter and Paul Fortress in 1998, as well as a find in 2007. Then, during archaeological excavations south of the place of discovery of the alleged remains of members of the Romanov family, charred fragments of bones and teeth of a woman and a child were found.
Molodtsova noted that the molecular genetic examination has not been completed, as well as the examination of the soil in order to establish the likelihood of their burning.
Ritual murder version
The investigator said that a psychological and historical examination would also be carried out "to resolve the issue of the possible ritual nature of the murder" and an examination "on all versions of Yurovsky's notes (Yakov Yurovsky - the immediate leader of the execution of the family of Nicholas II in the Ipatiev House. - Ed.) because there are doubts about the authorship of these notes.
“Conducting examinations requires considerable time,” she concluded.
Bishop Tikhon (Shevkunov)
The fact that the murder of Nicholas II and his family could be of a ritual nature was also stated by the secretary of the Patriarchal Commission for the study of the results of the examination, Bishop Tikhon (Shevkunov) of Yegoryevsk.
“We have the most serious attitude towards the version of ritual murder. Moreover, a significant part of the church commission has no doubts that this was the case,” he said.
The secretary of the commission stressed that this version must be proven and substantiated. “It needs to be proven and substantiated. The fact that the emperor, even if he has abdicated, is killed in this way, that the victims were distributed among the killers, as evidenced by Yurovsky (one of the participants in the execution), and that many wanted to be regicides. This already suggests that for many it was a special ritual,” Bishop Tikhon added.
Rumor Denial
Vasily Khristoforov
Vasily Khristoforov, chief researcher at the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, researcher of the history of Russian special services, Doctor of Law, denied rumors that the Bolsheviks allegedly cut off the head of Nicholas II and sent him to the Kremlin. According to the historian, this information was not confirmed during the investigation into the circumstances of the death of the royal family.
“We do not have not only a single document, but not a single indirect evidence of a participant in the events about the beheading,” said Khristoforov, who is a member of the Patriarchal Commission for the study of the results of the study of the Yekaterinburg remains.
The search must continue
Viktor Zvyagin
Viktor Zvyagin, head of the forensic medical identification department of the Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination, believes that the search for possible burial sites for Emperor Nicholas II, members of his family and servants must be continued.
According to the expert, this conclusion was made on the basis of the mass of discovered bone and dental fragments of the burial, which presumably belongs to Tsarevich Alexei and Grand Duchess Anastasia. “A total of 46 bone objects were delivered, most of which had a mass of less than a gram,” he said, noting that this is significantly less than what, according to experts, should have been found. In addition, fragments of bones that do not belong to people were found there.
“The results show that only one of several criminal burial sites has been found and the search should continue. There is evidence that several places have been found where it is possible to find them (remains. - Ed.) using 3d radar methods, ”Zvyagin said.
Complete burn doubtful
Vyacheslav Popov
Chairman of the Forensic Medical Association of the North-West of Russia, President of the International Congress of Forensic Physicians Vyacheslav Popov is sure that the bodies of the family of Nicholas II and their servants could not be completely destroyed by sulfuric acid and fire.
“There is no reason to overestimate the damaging effect of sulfuric acid, it, of course, could be poured onto bodies, but it is impossible to destroy them with this method of exposure to concentrated acid,” the expert noted.
He said that experiments were carried out not only using concentrated sulfuric acid, but also an experiment investigating the processes in the cremation chamber, which led experts to the conclusion that it was impossible to burn the bodies completely.
Patriarch Kirill also noted that it is necessary to once again check the version of the possible complete burning of the remains. He told how he himself witnessed the process of cremation of the dead in India.
“I was there and saw with my own eyes how cremations are carried out: they burn the whole day, from early morning until late at night, using huge dry firewood. As a result of cremation, body parts still remain,” the Primate said.
At the same time, according to Marina Molodtsova, the investigation is considering all versions of the murder of members of the royal family, including the version of the complete burning of bodies in the Ganina Yama area. As part of the investigation of this version, “soil samples were discovered and taken from the territory of the monastery of the Royal Passion-Bearers.”
How the commission works: two groups
Bishop Tikhon (Shevkunov) spoke about the work of the Patriarchal Commission for studying the results of the examination of the Ekaterinburg remains. According to him, the expert groups of church and secular specialists "do not influence each other."
“The church commission, which works with the blessing of the Patriarch, consists of historians, we have a historical part. The investigation attracted experts in forensic science, anthropology, genetics and forensic scientists. Forensic scientists and anthropologists work on their own. For us it is very important. There is no impact on them,” the bishop explained.
At the same time, he noted that the results of the work of different groups of specialists are known to everyone involved in the work on this case. “Historians have the opportunity to see the results of anthropologists and forensic scientists,” he added.
The last Russian Emperor Nicholas II and his family were shot in the summer of 1918 in Yekaterinburg. In 2000, the Russian Church canonized Nicholas II and members of his family as saints, after opening the burial near Yekaterinburg, the remains of members of the imperial family were buried in the tomb of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg.
In the fall of 2015, investigators resumed the investigation into the death of members of the Romanov family. Examinations are also currently being carried out to establish the authenticity of the remains found in 2007, possibly those of Tsarevich Alexei and Grand Duchess Maria.
Does the Russian Orthodox Church, after the latest examinations, recognize the so-called "Yekaterinburg remains" as the remains of the family of the last Russian emperor? The unequivocal answer to this question is still sealed: according to the law, experts cannot disclose the results of research until the investigative file is closed. Nevertheless, as an exception, individual conversations with researchers, with the permission of the Investigative Committee, are now being published by the church portal. On the eve of a large conference on the "Ekaterinburg remains", RIA Novosti correspondent Sergei Stefanov spoke with a well-known Orthodox publicist and historian, researcher of the fate of the royal family, who is authorized by the patriarchal commission to record and publish conversations with experts.
- Anatoly Dmitrievich, why was it decided to publish some of the data?
Studies of the "Ekaterinburg remains", as you know, have a long history. In the 1990s, many Orthodox formed a distrust of the investigation and the results of expert examinations. There are many reasons for this, the main of which is the haste and pressure of the secular authorities on the Church. A new phase of research, launched in 2015, is taking place with the active participation of representatives of the Church. Recently, however, some representatives of the Orthodox community have begun to show concern about the lack of information about the progress of research, and the opinion has begun to spread that they are being carried out behind the scenes, “behind the backs of the people.”
In order to dispel these doubts and rumors, the hierarchy of the Russian Orthodox Church turned to the Investigative Committee of Russia with a request to allow experts bound by a non-disclosure agreement to publicly tell about the results of their work. For greater objectivity, the secretary of the Patriarchal Commission for the Study of the Remains, Bishop Tikhon (Shevkunov) of Yegoryevsky, suggested taking such interviews to three people who were known as active critics of the investigation in the 90s and 2000s: candidate of historical sciences Pyotr Multatuli, historian and journalist Leonid Bolotin and your obedient servant. Multatuli refused, and Leonid Evgenievich and I agreed. For various reasons, I recorded the first few interviews without the participation of Bolotin, although I coordinated the questions for the researchers with him. We recorded an interview with historian Yevgeny Vladimirovich Pchelov together, it will be published soon.
As far as can be judged from previous publications, at first you were a supporter of the point of view that the remains found near Yekaterinburg did not belong to the royal family. But then you changed your position. How did this happen, for what reasons?
I cannot say that I have changed my position. In the 1990s and 2000s, like many representatives of the Orthodox community who were more or less familiar with the topic, I had a lack of confidence in the investigation. Now there is no such distrust. Firstly, because the investigation is taking place in close cooperation and even under the control of the hierarchy of the Russian Orthodox Church, which we have been striving for all these years. Secondly, experts were involved in the study who had previously criticized the conclusions of the investigation and were skeptical about the results of the examinations, for example, the St. Petersburg forensic expert Professor Vyacheslav Popov. Talking with experts, I want first of all to sort out for myself this most complicated, but also the most important problem not only for our past, but, I am sure, for the future as well. For now, I have a lot of questions.
The examinations carried out after the discovery of the remains near Yekaterinburg in the early 1990s raised many questions and doubts. Probably, it was precisely because of this that the Church at that time did not recognize the “Ekaterinburg remains” as royal. What were the main claims made then to the researchers? Can we hope that the current examinations will take into account the mistakes and gaps made?
As is known, the final position of the Church was formulated at a meeting of the Holy Synod on July 17, 1997, on the day when, at the insistence of the secular authorities, the remains were nevertheless buried in the Peter and Paul Fortress without the participation of the patriarch and bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church. The essence of the position of the hierarchy was that it was necessary to continue the work of the state commission, since the Church did not receive convincing answers to the 10 questions put by it at the Synod meeting on October 6, 1995 and elaborated by the commission on November 15, 1995.
Let me remind you of some of them: a complete anthropological study of the skeletal remains; analysis of the conclusions of the investigation of the Kolchak government on the complete destruction of the entire royal family and a comparison of other results of the investigation of 1918-1924 and the modern investigation; graphological, stylistic examination of "Yurovsky's Notes" (on the execution of the royal family. - Approx. ed.); conducting an examination regarding the callus on the skull No. 4 (presumably, Nicholas II. - Approx. ed.); confirmation or refutation of the ritual nature of the murder; confirmation or refutation of evidence of the cutting off of the head of Nicholas II immediately after his assassination. These questions are at the center of experts' attention today. And we hope to get convincing answers to them. And some have already been received.
If you briefly summarize the evidence that has already been made public, what main conclusions, expert opinions could you note? What's new in recent research? For example, I had to come across statements that during the examinations the remains of Alexander III were taken for examination and, on the basis of this, the authenticity of the found remains of Emperor Nicholas II was allegedly confirmed ...
I can only talk about what I have heard from the experts. As far as I know, the genetic examination, including the comparison of the remains of Emperor Alexander III and skeleton No. 4 - the alleged remains of Emperor Nicholas II - has not yet been completed. I, at least, did not talk with geneticists and I can’t say anything about this. I talked with an anthropologist, a dentist, forensic experts, historians. From the new data, one can note the assertion of anthropologist Denis Pezhemsky and forensic expert Vyacheslav Popov that traces of a saber blow were found on skull No. .). This is very important evidence. We are waiting for the publication of photographs and the results of the analysis.
And what kind of examinations are currently being carried out? Which of them, according to your data, have already been completed by now? Which are fundamentally new - not carried out in the 1990s? In general, how would you characterize the level of current research?
As far as I understand, the first task of the new investigation was to put the investigation file in order, since it turned out that there was no documentary evidence of many of the examinations carried out. According to experts, the new investigation is more systemic, many new examinations are being appointed. The previous investigation relied mainly on genetic expertise and paid the main attention to it. Today, in addition to the forensic medical examination, an anthropological examination has been carried out. Yes, and the genetic one is much more thoroughly organized - the genetic material is carefully encrypted, they say, even personally by the most holy patriarch, so that the mosquito does not undermine the nose (we are talking about the numbering of body tissue samples taken for examination personally by Patriarch Kirill. - Approx. ed.).
The historical examination, which in the past raised many questions, continues. A huge number of questions have been put before historians, starting with the circumstances of the so-called abdication of the sovereign and ending with the analysis of the investigative case of Nikolai Sokolov (since 1919 he led the investigation into the murder of the royal family. - Note ed.) and various testimonies of the organizers and participants in the regicide. Historical examination is still ongoing.
The so-called "Yurovsky's Note" raises many questions. As far as I know, not only handwriting expertise is being carried out today, but also author's expertise, designed to answer the question of whether Yurovsky was involved in its compilation, or the note was the work of the Soviet historian Pokrovsky. An attempt is being made to establish, according to the handwriting of the author, the inscription of the couplet from Heinrich Heine on the wall of the basement of the Ipatiev house (Heine's poem refers to the murder of the last Babylonian king Belshazzar. - Approx. ed.).
As far as I know, the new investigation appoints expert examinations in the course of the investigation, if necessary. At one of the last working meetings, the head of the Investigative Committee asked forensic experts to conduct an examination that would answer the question of the possibility of dissolving the human body in sulfuric acid.
- Are there any unsolvable problems that researchers face?
Well, I can only competently judge historical issues. For example, historians are faced with the problem of the loss of some archives, including such an important source as the minutes of meetings of the Presidium of the Ural Regional Council, where the fate of the royal family was discussed. There is a version that the archive disappeared during the Nevyansk anti-Bolshevik uprising. Another problem is that we will probably never know what the main organizers (as one might assume) of the regicide, Yakov Sverdlov and Isaak Goloshchekin, agreed on in July 1918, when Goloshchekin lived with Sverdlov in an apartment in Moscow during the Fifth Congress of Soviets. There are also a number of questions regarding the reconstruction of the historical outline of events, which can only be answered guessingly.
The remains, some believe, of Tsarevich Alexy and Princess Mary were found in 2007; while the alleged remains of the royal couple and her three other daughters are much earlier: in 1991 in the Piglet Log. Are similar examinations carried out with respect to all the remains found?
Two bodies, the remains of which were found in 2007, were burned. Only 170 grams of bones remained of them, and after examinations carried out in 2007 - and some believe, simply because of sloppiness - 70 grams. Therefore, similar examinations cannot be carried out. They say that geneticists managed to take "pure" material for the examination of these remains. But according to the analysis of the preserved bones, the anthropologist Denis Pezhemsky can only assert that these are the remains of an already formed girl and a child, whose age and gender he cannot determine.
In your opinion, what sentiments prevail among Orthodox believers regarding the establishment of the authenticity of the “Ekaterinburg remains”? What is public opinion leaning towards? And how important is this topic for believers?
This problem is very difficult. Unfortunately, the distrust that has formed in the previous investigation sometimes extends to the activities of the current investigation. There are conspiracy theories of the events taking place. However, in general, according to my observations, the majority of believers still have confidence in ongoing research - precisely for the reason that they are taking place in close interaction with the Church. The topic of identification is important primarily for the educated and politically active part of the believers, so it is presented in the media space.
Bishop Tikhon recently stated that the church commission to study the results of the study is under pressure from those who ask to speed up the work, and those who in any case refuse to recognize any results of the work of experts. You are also, one might say, in the thick of things - do you feel this pressure? Who benefits from it?
Vladyka Tikhon, by the way, for many years was among those who were skeptical about the results of the identification of the "Ekaterinburg remains" carried out in the 90s. Like the current His Holiness Patriarch Kirill. It is just stupid and groundless to reproach them for some kind of bias.
There is, indeed, a small but active group of representatives of the Orthodox community, which takes an uncompromising position: they have no questions, and the conclusions of the investigator Nikolai Sokolov about the destruction of the bodies of the royal family and their servants are immutable. On June 18, in Moscow, in the palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye, a conference was held, where this kind of mood prevailed. I participated in this meeting. It was there that I fully felt the pressure, when some people present in the hall interrupted me, tried to disrupt my speech. But I am glad that many of my old friends and colleagues, despite disagreements on some issues, have maintained friendly relations with me.
And what is the reason for the position of those who under no circumstances intend to recognize the found remains as the remains of the Romanov family? Are there many such people, is their influence strong? Is there a potential danger of a split among the Russian Church in connection with this?
Such people, in my experience, are few. And their influence in the Church is not so strong. By the way, they themselves do not represent a kind of monolithic unity, since there are serious disagreements between them on other issues of church life. And in this sense, I do not see a real threat of a split in the Russian Orthodox Church on this issue.
There are many more doubting people who have many questions. There are many such among the bishops and clergy, as well as among the laity. And this is the main challenge for the Church.
I think that the initiative of the hierarchy to start a discussion of the topic is just designed to remove some questions by organizing a broad church discussion.
Is there at least approximate data on when we can expect the final results? Can the Council of Bishops, which is to meet in late November - early December, put an end to this matter? Or could it happen next year?
The position of His Holiness the Patriarch on this matter, as I heard from various sources, is as follows: they will investigate as long as questions remain. Haste is not needed here. The hierarchy is not attached to any dates. Since all the examinations have not yet been completed, it is unlikely that the Council of Bishops will make any decision. Perhaps the bishops will be acquainted with the preliminary results of the examinations, as the members of the Holy Synod were acquainted with them in June of this year. I would like to hope that by the 100th anniversary of the villainous murder of the royal family and their servants - by July 1918 - this issue will become clear.
It must be borne in mind that obtaining the results of examinations is the completion of only the scientific and investigative part of this process. And then, if these are indeed the relics of the holy Royal Passion-Bearers and their servants, they must “reveal themselves” by miracles. The Church, after all, has its own unique thousand-year experience of revealing the authenticity of relics. So, I suppose, the matter will not end with scientific examinations.
It is known that at the end of November - beginning of December a large scientific and practical conference with the participation of experts is planned in Moscow, which will be broadcast on Orthodox TV channels and on the Internet. Can it be argued that the results of expert research will be summarized at this conference and it will become a kind of final event?
I believe that this is the main task of the planned conference. The Orthodox community must hear first hand the answers to all questions that concern us.
If, nevertheless, we assume that the Church recognizes these remains, then what about Ganina Yama, where there is a monastery in honor of the Royal Passion-Bearers? After all, many Orthodox believe that the monastery was created on the site where the remains of the royal family were destroyed ...
The monastery in honor of the Holy Royal Passion-Bearers on Ganina Yama was created on the site where they mocked the bodies of the martyrs, where they were destroyed. Nothing has changed and nothing will change. Whether the bodies were completely destroyed at Ganina Pit, or they could not be destroyed there and taken to another place, and as a result, only two bodies were able to be burned at the stake, and the rest were buried in a pit in Porosenkov Log, the experts must answer us. If this turns out to be true, the place of veneration in the Piglet Log will simply be added to the place of veneration of the Royal Passion-Bearers on Ganina Yama.
Was there no execution of the royal family in reality?
According to official history, on the night of July 16-17, 1918 Nikolay Romanov was shot along with his wife and children. After the burial was opened and identified, the remains were reburied in 1998 in the tomb of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg. However, then the ROC did not confirm their authenticity.
“I cannot rule out that the church will recognize the royal remains as genuine if convincing evidence of their authenticity is found and if the examination is open and honest,” said Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk, head of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate, in July this year.
As you know, the Russian Orthodox Church did not participate in the burial in 1998 of the remains of the royal family, explaining this by the fact that the church I am not sure whether the true remains of the royal family are buried. The Russian Orthodox Church refers to the book of the Kolchak investigator Nikolai Sokolov who concluded that all the bodies had been burned. Some of the remains collected by Sokolov at the place of burning are stored in Brussels, in the church of St. Job the Long-suffering, and they were not investigated. At one time, a version of the note was found Yurovsky, who supervised the execution and burial, - it became the main document before the transfer of the remains (together with the book of investigator Sokolov). And now, in the upcoming year of the 100th anniversary of the execution of the Romanov family, the Russian Orthodox Church has been instructed to give a final answer to all the dark places of execution near Yekaterinburg. To obtain a final answer under the auspices of the Russian Orthodox Church, research has been conducted for several years. Once again, historians, geneticists, graphologists, pathologists and other specialists are rechecking the facts, powerful scientific forces and the forces of the prosecutor's office are again involved, and all these actions are taking place again. under a thick veil of secrecy.
Research on genetic identification is carried out by four independent groups of scientists. Two of them are foreign, working directly with the ROC. In early July 2017, Bishop Egorevsky Tikhon (Shevkunov) said: a large number of new circumstances and new documents have been discovered. For example, an order is found Sverdlov about the execution of Nicholas II. In addition, according to the results of recent research, forensic experts confirmed that the remains of the king and queen belong to them, since a trace was suddenly found on the skull of Nicholas II, which is interpreted as a trace from a saber blow he received when visiting Japan. As for the queen, dentists identified her by the world's first porcelain veneers on platinum pins.
Although, if you open the conclusion of the commission, written before the burial in 1998, it says: the bones of the sovereign’s skull are so destroyed, that the characteristic callus cannot be found. The same conclusion noted severe damage to teeth alleged remains of Nikolai by periodontal disease, since this The person has never been to the dentist. This confirms that it was not the king who was shot, since there were records of the Tobolsk dentist, to whom Nikolai addressed. In addition, the fact that the growth of the skeleton of "Princess Anastasia" by 13 centimeters has not yet been found more than its lifetime growth. Well, as you know, miracles happen in the church ... Shevkunov did not say a word about genetic examination, and this despite the fact that genetic studies in 2003, conducted by Russian and American specialists, showed that the genome of the body of the alleged empress and her sister Elizabeth Feodorovna do not match, which means no relationship.
In addition, the museum of the city Otsu(Japan) there are things left after the injury of the policeman Nicholas II. They have biological material that can be examined. According to them, Japanese geneticists from the Tatsuo Nagai group proved that the DNA of the remains of "Nicholas II" from near Yekaterinburg (and his family) does not match 100% with DNA biomaterials from Japan. During the Russian DNA examination, second cousins were compared, and in the conclusion it was written that "there are matches." The Japanese compared relatives of cousins. There are also the results of a genetic examination of the President of the International Association of Forensic Physicians, Mr. Bonte from Dusseldorf, in which he proved: the found remains and twins of the family of Nicholas II Filatovs- relatives. Perhaps, from their remains in 1946, the “remains of the royal family” were created? The problem has not been studied.
Earlier, in 1998, the ROC based on these conclusions and facts did not recognize the existing remains are genuine, but what will happen now? In December, all the conclusions of the Investigative Committee and the commission of the Russian Orthodox Church will be considered by the Council of Bishops. It is he who will decide on the attitude of the church to the Yekaterinburg remains. Let's see why everything is so nervous and what is the history of this crime?
Worth the fight for that kind of money
Today, some of the Russian elites have suddenly become interested in one very piquant story of relations between Russia and the United States, connected with the royal family of the Romanovs. Briefly, this story is as follows: more than 100 years ago, in 1913, the United States created Federal Reserve System(Fed) - the central bank and printing press for the production of international currency, which still operates today. The Fed was created for the emerging League of Nations (now UN) and would be a single global financial center with its own currency. Russia contributed to the “authorized capital” of the system 48,600 tons of gold. But the Rothschilds demanded from the then re-elected President of the United States Woodrow Wilson transfer the center to their private property along with the gold.
The organization became known as the FRS, where Russia owned 88.8%, and 11.2% to 43 international beneficiaries. Receipts stating that 88.8% of the gold assets for a period of 99 years are under the control of the Rothschilds, in six copies were transferred to the family Nicholas II. The annual income on these deposits was fixed at 4%, which was supposed to be transferred to Russia annually, but settled on the X-1786 account of the World Bank and on 300 thousand accounts in 72 international banks. All these documents confirming the right to 48,600 tons of gold pledged to the FRS from Russia, as well as income from leasing it, the mother of Tsar Nicholas II, Maria Fedorovna Romanova, I put it in one of the Swiss banks for safekeeping. But the conditions for access there are only for the heirs, and this access controlled by the Rothschild clan. For the gold provided by Russia, gold certificates were issued that allowed the metal to be claimed in parts - the royal family hid them in different places. Later, in 1944, Bretton Woods conference confirmed Russia's right to 88% of the Fed's assets.
This “golden” issue was once proposed by two well-known “Russian” oligarchs - Roman Abramovich and Boris Berezovsky. But Yeltsin "did not understand" them, and now, apparently, that very "golden" time has come ... And now this gold is remembered more and more often - though not at the state level.
Some speculate that the surviving Tsarevich Alexei later grew up to be Soviet Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin.
For this gold they kill, fight and make fortunes on it
Today's researchers believe that all wars and revolutions in Russia and in the world occurred due to the fact that the Rothschild clan and the United States did not intend to return the gold to the Russian Federal Reserve. After all, the execution of the royal family made it possible for the Rothschild clan not to give away gold and not pay for its 99-year lease. “Now, out of three Russian copies of the agreement on gold invested in the Fed, two are in our country, the third is presumably in one of the Swiss banks,” the researcher believes. Sergei Zhilenkov. - In the cache, in the Nizhny Novgorod region, there are documents from the royal archive, among which there are 12 "golden" certificates. If they are presented, then the global financial hegemony of the United States and the Rothschilds will simply collapse, and our country will receive a lot of money and all the opportunities for development, since it will no longer be strangled from across the ocean, ”the historian is sure.
Many wanted to close questions about royal assets with the reburial. Professor Vladlena Sirotkina there is also a calculation for the so-called military gold exported to the West and East during the First World War and the Civil War: Japan - $ 80 billion, Great Britain - 50 billion, France - 25 billion, USA - 23 billion, Sweden - 5 billion, Czech Republic - 1 billion dollars. Total - 184 billion. Surprisingly, officials in the US and UK, for example, do not dispute these figures, but surprised at the lack of requests from Russia. By the way, the Bolsheviks remembered Russian assets in the West in the early 20s. Back in 1923, the People's Commissar for Foreign Trade Leonid Krasin ordered a British investigative law firm to evaluate Russian real estate and cash deposits abroad. By 1993, the firm reported that it had amassed a $400 billion data bank! And this is legal Russian money.
Why did the Romanovs die? Britain did not accept them!
There is a long-term study, unfortunately, by Professor Vladlen Sirotkin (MGIMO), who has already passed away, “Foreign Gold of Russia” (M., 2000), where the gold and other holdings of the Romanov family accumulated in the accounts of Western banks are also estimated at no less than 400 billion dollars, and together with investments - more than 2 trillion dollars! In the absence of heirs from the Romanovs, the closest relatives turn out to be members of the English royal family ... These are whose interests may be the background of many events of the XIX-XXI centuries ... By the way, it is not clear (or, on the contrary, it is understandable) for what reasons the royal house of England refused the family three times Romanovs in the shelter. The first time in 1916, at the apartment Maxim Gorky, an escape was planned - the rescue of the Romanovs by abduction and the internment of the royal couple during their visit to an English warship, which then went to Great Britain.
The second was the request Kerensky which was also rejected. Then they did not accept the request of the Bolsheviks. And this despite the fact that mothers George V And Nicholas II were sisters. In the surviving correspondence, Nicholas II and George V call each other "Cousin Nicky" and "Cousin Georgie" - they were cousins with an age difference of less than three years, and in their youth these guys spent a lot of time together and were very similar in appearance. As for the queen, her mother is a princess Alice was the eldest and favorite daughter of the Queen of England Victoria. At that time, 440 tons of gold from the gold reserves of Russia and 5.5 tons of personal gold of Nicholas II were in England as collateral for military loans. Now think about it: if the royal family died, then to whom would the gold go? Close relatives! Isn't that the reason why Cousin Georgie was denied admission to Cousin Nicky's family? To get gold, its owners had to die. Officially. And now all this must be connected with the burial of the royal family, which will officially testify that the owners of untold wealth are dead.
Versions of life after death
All versions of the death of the royal family that exist today can be divided into three.
First version: near Yekaterinburg, the royal family was shot, and their remains, with the exception of Alexei and Maria, were reburied in St. Petersburg. The remains of these children were found in 2007, all examinations were carried out on them, and they, apparently, will be buried on the day of the 100th anniversary of the tragedy. When confirming this version, it is necessary for accuracy to once again identify all the remains and repeat all examinations, especially genetic and pathological anatomical ones.
Second version: the royal family was not shot, but was scattered throughout Russia and all family members died of natural causes, having lived their lives in Russia or abroad, in Yekaterinburg, a family of twins was shot (members of the same family or people from different families, but similar to family members emperor). Nicholas II had twins after Bloody Sunday 1905. When leaving the palace, three carriages left. In which of them Nicholas II sat is unknown. The Bolsheviks, having seized the archive of the 3rd department in 1917, had these twins. There is an assumption that one of the families of twins - the Filatovs, who are distantly related to the Romanovs - followed them to Tobolsk.
Here is one of the versions of the historian of the royal family, Sergei Zhelenkov, which seems to us the most logical, although very unusual.
Before investigator Sokolov, the only investigator who published a book about the execution of the royal family, investigators worked Malinovsky, Nametkin(his archive was burned along with the house), Sergeev(dismissed and killed), General Lieutenant Dieterichs, Kirsta. All these investigators concluded that the royal family was not killed. Neither the Reds nor the Whites wanted to disclose this information - they understood that they were primarily interested in obtaining objective information. American bankers. The Bolsheviks were interested in the money of the king, and Kolchak declared himself the Supreme Ruler of Russia, which could not be with a living sovereign.
Investigator Sokolov handled two cases - one on the fact of murder and the other on the fact of disappearance. At the same time, military intelligence, represented by Kirsta. When the whites left Russia, Sokolov, fearing for the collected materials, sent them to Harbin Some of his materials were lost along the way. Sokolov's materials contained evidence of the financing of the Russian revolution by the American bankers Schiff, Kuhn and Loeb, and Ford became interested in these materials, in conflict with these bankers. He even called Sokolov from France, where he settled, to the USA. When returning from the US to France Nikolai Sokolov was killed. Sokolov's book was published after his death, and over it many people have tried, removing many scandalous facts from there, so it cannot be considered completely truthful.
The surviving members of the royal family were watched by people from the KGB, where a special department was created for this, which was dissolved during perestroika. The archive of this department has been preserved. Saved the royal family Stalin- the royal family was evacuated from Yekaterinburg through Perm to Moscow and was at the disposal Trotsky, then People's Commissar of Defense. To further save the royal family, Stalin carried out a whole operation, stealing it from Trotsky's people and taking them to Sukhumi, to a specially built house next to the former house of the royal family. From there, all family members were distributed to different places, Maria and Anastasia were taken to the Glinsk desert (Sumy region), then Maria was transported to the Nizhny Novgorod region, where she died of illness on May 24, 1954. Anastasia subsequently married Stalin's personal bodyguard and lived very secluded on a small farm, died
June 27, 1980 in the Volgograd region. The eldest daughters, Olga and Tatyana, were sent to the Serafimo-Diveevsky convent - the empress was settled not far from the girls. But they did not live here for long. Olga, having traveled through Afghanistan, Europe and Finland, settled in Vyritsa, Leningrad Region, where she died on January 19, 1976. Tatyana lived partly in Georgia, partly in the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, was buried in the Krasnodar Territory, died on September 21, 1992. Alexei and his mother lived in their dacha, then Alexei was transferred to Leningrad, where he was "made" a biography, and the whole world recognized him as a party and Soviet leader Alexey Nikolaevich Kosygin(Stalin sometimes called him in front of everyone prince). Nicholas II lived and died in Nizhny Novgorod (December 22, 1958), and the tsarina died in the village of Starobelskaya, Lugansk region, on April 2, 1948, and was subsequently reburied in Nizhny Novgorod, where she and the emperor share a common grave. Three daughters of Nicholas II, except for Olga, had children. N.A. Romanov talked with I.V. Stalin, and the wealth of the Russian Empire was used to strengthen the power of the USSR ...
There was no execution of the Royal Family! New data 2014
Falsification of the Execution of the Imperial Family Sychev V
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What is the connection between the remains of the royal family and the gold that Nicholas II allocated for the creation of the FRS - the US Federal Reserve System? Why is the Rothschild clan promoting the pseudo-heirs of Mary and George of Hohenzollern?
On the new examination of the remains of the royal family
QUESTION: - Father Dmitry! You practically convinced us that the remains that were reburied in 1998 in the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg do not belong to Nicholas II and his family. But then it is surprising that the scale, those huge state funds and capacities with which all these exhumations and examinations are carried out. Are you not embarrassed by those “Stakhanovite” deadlines set by the Government Commission for investigators and experts to confirm the authenticity of the artifacts?
HOLY DIMITRY: – Yes, on July 9, the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation signed a decree on the creation of an interdepartmental working group on the study and reburial of the remains of Tsarevich Alexy Nikolaevich and Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna. This group was headed by S. Prikhodko, head of the Government apparatus. The very appointment of an official of this rank to this position testified to the importance of the conceived business. Then the date of reburial was already scheduled - October 18 of this year. That is, a large group of experts and criminologists, headed by the "unsinkable" investigator Solovyov, "took the trump" to quickly "crank" everything - in three months. The pace is taken, one might say, cosmic. Under pressure from the demands of the public, primarily the Church, which insisted on additional investigative examinations, the deadline was moved to February 2016 - not by much, I must say.
Such a sharp start, more precisely, finishing acceleration, according to the plan of falsification, has several causal layers. Let's consider the first one. It is connected, no less, with the future of America itself and the Rothschild clan in particular. I'll try to explain briefly.
At one time, Tsar Nicholas II allocated 48.6 tons of Russian gold, which had been stored in Spain since the time of Alexander II, as gold collateral for the creation of the World Financial Center. With these funds, an organization called the US Federal Reserve System was founded by private American banks. Gold was allocated strictly "with a return" - only for 100 years. From each transaction concluded by the Fed, the Russian Empire (and then the USSR and the Russian Federation) should have received a profit of 4%.
Both sides very unanimously forgot about this, although at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 the most important regulatory documents were signed, which secured our right to 88.8% of the Fed's assets (!).
And last winter, the Argumenty Nedeli newspaper published two large articles on the Tsar's Gold. The headlines were appropriate: “Robbers of the country. It's time to pay your debts." The article caused the effect of an exploding bomb. It was read everywhere - from the administration of the President and the Government to both chambers of the Russian Parliament. The Russian Foreign Ministry asked the experts to draw up a certificate for the disclosure of these data to the UN. Specialists in international law predicted our possible actions. The material was also carefully studied in the USA. Our “friends” were most interested in how this topic surfaced in the information field?
Further, the plot developed according to the laws of the international detective genre. On the night of January 30-31, in the library of the Institute for Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, almost the entire archive burns down in a very strange fire. Among the 5.5 million copies of publications destroyed by the flames, these are the most complete, and in some cases the only collections of documents of the League of Nations in Russia, the initiator of which was Emperor Nicholas II. All archival documents of the successor of the League of Nations - the UN and Parliamentary reports of the USA, England, Italy, dated from the end of the 18th century, burned down. All materials by a strange coincidence were not digitized.
A week later, there was a sharp “answer” from Washington: a day later, on the morning of February 1, 2015, the document storage building in the Brooklyn district of Williamsburg caught fire in New York. The archive was extinguished for more than a day. More than 4 million boxes of documents burned down. Although it was reported in all American archives that nothing important was stored there, “in hot pursuit” there was information that it was in this secondary archive that the most important Fed documents were deliberately hidden (it’s funny that perfect fire extinguishing systems were installed in both storages, and documents and in Russia and in the USA - not digitized).
The INION Moscow Library and the New York Archive kept very important documents related to the history of the League of Nations and the World Financial System, the initiator of which was precisely. In particular, in the New York Archives, which burned down, there were papers testifying to the financing of the election campaign of President Woodrow Wilson in 1912 by the Rothschild clan.
It was the Rothschilds in 1913, against the will of Congress and the Senate, who literally forced Wilson to transfer to their private ownership the Federal Reserve System, created instead of the World Financial System and based on the gold of Russia and China. Thus, according to the contributions, the Fed's share of 88.8% still belongs to Russia (the remaining 11.2% belongs to the Chinese).
- Father Dmitry, this is all excitingly interesting. But what does all this have to do with the topic of reburial of the Remains of the Royal Family?
- The most direct. Now Russia is under the strict yoke of economic sanctions. Recently, there was a rumor, allegedly from experts overseas, that the United States is secretly preparing such sanctions against us, after the introduction of which the financial and banking systems of the country will simply collapse. The relevant Russian structures took this very seriously. And there are reasons for that.
First. All money received by our country for exports passes through the Bank for International Settlements, headquartered in Basel. The US controls it almost entirely through its private banks. Blocking our receipt of all foreign exchange earnings is a matter of a few seconds.
Second. Under the "roof" of the largest American financial clans, by decision of the US Congress and Senate, the Department of International Currency Control was created with headquarters in Thailand. This department is under the "roof" of the largest American financial clans and works strictly under their control. All transactions on international accounts in any world currency or in gold equivalent go through this department. And any major project that involves the movement of currency across borders requires the permission of this body.
Third. All foreign exchange earnings in US dollars from Russian exports do not go directly to the accounts of the Central Bank or the Government of the Russian Federation. They are accounted for on the accounts of the FRS servers and are mirrored on the servers of the Russian Central Bank. So, on an instant signal from Washington, Russia may find itself in complete international financial isolation.
And all this is a legacy of the 80-90s, when our country was once again brought to its knees, this time by the "Americans"...
The main thing is further. When transferring Russian gold, special agreements were drawn up in six copies, three of which were stored in America, three were transferred to Russia. Also, 12 "gold" certificates (for 48.6 thousand tons) to bearer were issued.
Currently, only two original agreements and all "golden" certificates are stored in Russia. The third original, which belonged to the Russian Empress Maria Feodorovna, was hidden in a safe deposit box in a Swiss bank after her emigration. However, in 2013 - the year when gold had to be given away - the US managed to "push through" the Swiss Federal Law on International Tax Assistance. The place of storage of the document becomes known and it is confiscated ... And there is a real hunt for the two originals remaining in Russia.
Everything I am talking about is well known to the leadership of our country, which presents every opportunity to strangle the Russian financial system through the Bank for International Settlements and the Department of International Currency Control. But in general, Russia is ripe for leaving the enslaving colonial dependence imposed in the 90s of the last century.
At a time when Russia is taking its first steps (albeit somewhere timid and inconsistent, which are now fashionable to talk about everywhere) to free itself from colonial captivity, there are powerful forces related to the main decision-making centers that have recently been lobbying the so-called the "heir" scenario - new attempts to give official status to Maria Romanova and her son Georgy Hohenzollern.
– Do you mean the official head of the Imperial House of Romanov, Maria Vladimirovna Kulikovskaya-Romanova, and her son George?
- Yes. Those are the ones I mean. This whole "gallop" with the urgent recognition of the falsified remains is part of the whole sinister fuss around these self-styled figures. Competent sources testify that the Rothschilds have already invested more than five billion dollars (!) in the official recognition of Maria Romanova and Georgy Hohenzollern as full-fledged heirs of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II. But for them, the game is worth the candle: in return, the Rothschilds receive a complete renunciation of all the debts of the Russian Empire, including Tsarist gold, which formed the basis of the world power of the Fed and, as a result, the United States.
During perestroika, things almost came to the coronation of Maria Vladimirovna, even tableware was made with personal monograms of self-proclaimed autocrats. But Boris Yeltsin saw this as an attempt on his power (although it was under Yeltsin that Georgy received a Russian passport for his mother's (!) surname Romanov) and prevented this.
After V.V. Putin, the Rothschild case has not died out at all. Maria Vladimirovna, with the support of some oligarchs and "her" bought officials, began to travel around the country, including on a plane assigned to D.A. Medvedev. At the same time, she generously distributed orders to governors and other senior officials that only the Russian Emperor can bestow, in particular, the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called. Grateful "boyars" did not pay attention to the fact that they were awarded by the daughter of a high-ranking fascist officer. The list of awardees is very long and just as curious...
Then the unexpected happened: the head of the clan, Nathaniel Charles Rothschild, at the age of 79, suddenly fell into a coma. At this time, Russia literally from under the nose of the United States took away its "unsinkable aircraft carrier" - Crimea. And the process of recognition of Maria Vladimirovna and George, it was decided to speed up.
A certain analytical note (“composed at the very top”) on the preparation of the official recognition of the figure of “Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna and her son George” entered the offices of the State Duma. The key phrase of this document is: “The fact of introducing the institution of the monarchy and hereditary government of the country (the Empress Maria Vladimirovna and the heir Georgy), with real control levers from the prime minister supported by the majority of the population of the country, will make it easier to pass the peak economic loads of the coming decades.” This paper then did not find the support of the majority of deputies of the State Duma. Then there was a second attempt to "enter" the Duma, but through the regional parliaments.
In the summer, a very wealthy (according to Forbes) deputy of the Legislative Assembly of the Leningrad Region Vladimir Petrov spoke about the bill "On the special status of representatives of the royal family". But because of the scandal over Petrov's exit from United Russia, which was not forgiven by the "senior comrades" in the party, the bill was again postponed.
The Church has repeatedly, including in the person of Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin, spoken of the possibility of the revival of the monarchy in modern Russia. Yes, but what kind of monarchy? Chaplin himself “by the decree of the head of the Russian Imperial House, Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna Romanova, was “associated” with the Imperial Order of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir.” No comments...
Attempts to push through the "Heir" project, despite the described opposition of some patriotic officials, will only intensify in the near future. For those who really govern the United States, it is extremely important to destroy even the memory of those documents that I spoke about earlier. Otherwise, their entire empire, based on the ownership of the Fed - that is, the world's "printing press", will simply collapse. This cannot be allowed - especially during the division of the inheritance of the head of the clan N. Rothschild.
This is what underlies the political and economic reasons for such hasty excavations - more precisely, picking in the graves and dancing on the bones of the Yekaterinburg remains. This is not only a falsification of the Royal Remains - this is a desecration of the very Shrine of the Autocratic Russian power, since Maria and George have nothing to do with the succession to the throne, neither actual, nor legal, nor moral. For those interested in these persons, in particular, their ancestor - the Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, there is information on a lot of resources.
At the same time, George Hohenzollern said that he was waiting for Russia to officially recognize his family as a historical dynasty: “We just want to return to a modern and democratic state, thanks to a legal act that would give us the status of a historical dynasty.”
The “Grand Duke” emphasized: “And if the Russian people one day decide to restore the monarchy, they will always have a legitimate heir in the imperial house in the person of my mother.”
Well, in conclusion of the topic about the “Heir”, for reference: the “prince” was the inspector of the European Community for atomic energy, later he held high positions in the Russian Norilsk Nickel.
