Grisha dobrosklonov life story briefly. "People's Defender" Grisha Dobrosklonov (based on the poem N
The poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” already in its title contains a question, the answer to which worried any enlightened person at the time of Nekrasov. And although the heroes of the work do not find someone who lives well, the author nevertheless makes it clear to the reader who he considers happy. The answer to this question is hidden in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, a hero who appears in the last part of the poem, but is far from the last in ideological terms.
For the first time, readers get to know Grisha in the chapter “Good Time - Good Songs”, during a feast, due to which the image of Grisha in “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is initially associated with the concept of people's happiness. His father, the parish clerk, enjoys the love of the people - it is not without reason that he is invited to a peasant holiday. In turn, the clerk and sons are characterized as "simple guys, kind", along with the peasants, they mow and "drink vodka on holidays." So from the very beginning of creating the image, Nekrasov makes it clear that Grisha shares his whole life with the people.
Then the life of Grisha Dobrosklonov is described in more detail. Despite his origins from the clergy, Grisha was familiar with poverty from childhood. His father, Tryphon, lived "poorer than the seedy last peasant."
Even a cat and a dog chose to run away from the family, unable to withstand hunger. All this is due to the fact that the sexton has a “light disposition”: he is always hungry and always looking for somewhere to drink. At the beginning of the chapter, the sons lead him, drunk, home. He boasts of his children, but he forgot to think about whether they are full.
It is no easier for Grisha in the seminary, where the already meager food is taken away by the "grabber economy." That is why Grisha has a “thin” face - sometimes he cannot fall asleep from hunger until the morning, everything is waiting for breakfast. Nekrasov several times focuses the reader's attention on this particular feature of Grisha's appearance - he is thin and pale, although in another life he could be a fine fellow: he has a wide bone and red hair. This appearance of the hero partly symbolizes all of Rus', which has the prerequisites for a free and happy life, but so far lives in a completely different way.
Grisha from childhood is familiar with the main problems of the peasantry: overwork, hunger and drunkenness. But all this does not embitter, but rather hardens the hero. From the age of fifteen, a firm conviction matures in him: you need to live exclusively for the good of your people, no matter how poor and wretched they are. In this decision, he is strengthened by the memory of his mother, caring and hardworking Domnushka, who lived a short century because of her labors ...
The image of Grisha's mother is the image of a Russian peasant woman beloved by Nekrasov, meek, unrequited, and at the same time carrying a huge gift of love. Grisha, her "beloved son", did not forget his mother after her death, moreover, her image merged for him with the image of the entire Vakhlachin. The last maternal gift - the song "Salty", testifying to the depth of maternal love - will accompany Grisha all his life. He sings it in the seminary, where "gloomy, strict, hungry."
And longing for his mother leads him to a selfless decision to devote his life to others who are equally disadvantaged.
Note that the songs are very important for the characterization of Grisha in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'". They briefly and accurately reveal the essence of the ideas and aspirations of the hero, his main life priorities are clearly visible.
The first of the songs that sound from the lips of Grisha conveys his attitude towards Rus'. It can be seen that he perfectly understands all the problems that torn the country apart: slavery, ignorance and the disgrace of the peasants - Grisha sees all this without embellishment. He easily selects words that can terrify any, the most insensitive listener, and this shows his pain for his native country. And at the same time, the song contains hope for future happiness, the belief that the desired will is already approaching: “But you will not die, I know!” ...
Grisha's next song, about a barge hauler, reinforces the impression of the first, depicting in detail the fate of an honest worker who spends "honestly earned pennies" in a tavern. From private destinies, the hero moves to the image of "all mysterious Rus'" - this is how the song "Rus" is born. This is the anthem of his country, full of sincere love, in which faith in the future is heard: "The army rises - innumerable." However, someone is needed who would become the head of this army, and this fate is destined for Dobrosklonov.
There are two ways, - Grisha thinks, - one of them is wide, thorny, but a crowd greedy for temptations goes along it. There is an eternal struggle for "mortal blessings". It is on it, unfortunately, that the wanderers, the main characters of the poem, are sent at the beginning. They see happiness in purely practical things: wealth, honor and power. Therefore, it is not surprising that they fail to meet Grisha, who has chosen a different path for himself, "close, but honest." Only strong and loving souls who want to intercede for the offended go along this path. Among them is the future people's protector Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom fate is preparing "a glorious path, ... consumption and Siberia." This road is not easy and does not bring personal happiness, and yet, according to Nekrasov, only in this way - in unity with all the people - can one become truly happy. The “great truth” expressed in Grisha Dobrosklonov’s song gives him such joy that he runs home, “jumping” with happiness and feeling “immense strength” in himself. At home, his enthusiasm is confirmed and shared by his brother, who spoke of Grisha's song as "divine" - i.e. finally acknowledging that he had the truth on his side.
Artwork test
This hero appears in the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World", and the entire epilogue of the poem is dedicated to him.
“Grigory has a thin, pale face And thin, curly hair With a hint of red.”
The hero is a seminarian. His family lives in the village of Bolshie Vakhlaki in great poverty. Only thanks to the help of other peasants did she manage to put D. and his brother on their feet. Their mother, “an unrequited laborer For everyone who helped her with something on a rainy day,” died early. In the mind of D., her image is inseparable from the image of the motherland: “In the heart of a boy With love for a poor mother, Love for all the vakhlats Merged.” From the age of 15, D. dreams of devoting his life to the people, to the struggle for their better life: “God grant that my fellow countrymen And every peasant Live freely and cheerfully In all holy Rus'!” To do this, D. is going to go to Moscow to study. In the meantime, he and his brother help the peasants here: they write letters for them, explain their possibilities after the abolition of serfdom, and so on. Observations on life, D. clothes his thoughts in songs that the peasants know and love. The author notes that D. is marked with the "seal of the gift of God." He should, according to Nekrasov, be an example for the entire progressive intelligentsia. The author puts his beliefs and thoughts into his mouth.
The type of an intellectual-democrat, a native of the people, is embodied in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the son of a laborer and a half-impoverished deacon. If not for the kindness and generosity of the peasants, Grisha and his brother Savva could have starved to death. And the young men respond to the peasants with love. This love from an early age filled Grisha's heart and determined his path:
fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
native corner
It is important for Nekrasov to convey to the reader the idea that Dobrosklonov is not alone, that he is from a cohort of those who are brave in spirit and pure in heart, those who fight for the happiness of the people:
Rus' has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of the gift of God,
On honest paths
I cried a lot...
If in the era of the Decembrists the best people from the nobility stood up to protect the people, now the people themselves from their midst send their best sons to fight, and this is especially important, because it testifies to the awakening of people's self-consciousness:
No matter how dark vakhlachina,
No matter how crowded with corvee
And slavery - and she,
Blessed, put
In Grigory Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Grisha's path is a typical path of a democrat-raznochinets: a hungry childhood, a seminary, "where it was dark, cold, gloomy, strict, hungry", but where he read a lot and thought a lot ...
Fate prepared for him
Glorious path, loud name
people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia.
And yet the poet draws the image of Dobrosklonov in joyful, bright colors. Grisha found true happiness, and the country whose people bless "such a messenger" for battle should become happy.
In the image of Grisha there are not only features of the leaders of revolutionary democracy, whom Nekrasov loved and revered so much, but also features of the author of the poem himself. After all, Grigory Dobrosklonov is a poet, and a poet of the Nekrasov direction, a poet-citizen.
The chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" includes songs created by Grisha. These are joyful songs, full of hope, the peasants sing them as if they were their own. Revolutionary optimism sounds in the song "Rus":
The army rises - Innumerable,
The power in it will be indestructible!
The great Russian poet N.A. Nekrasov began work on the poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" shortly after the abolition of serfdom. His main goal at the same time was to show that nothing had changed in the life of the peasants. As they were dependent on the landlords, they remained. To become free, it was necessary to pay the owner a large compensation money, but where can a poor peasant get it? And so the peasants and women continued to go to corvée and pay exorbitant dues.
It was painful for Nikolai Alekseevich to look at the humiliated condition of the poor. Therefore, in his poem, he introduces the image of the people's protector Grisha Dobrosklonov.
For the first time we meet Dobrosklonov in the chapter “Good time - good songs”. This is a young man who "was fifteen years old ... already knew for sure that he would live for the happiness of a murdered and dark native corner." Even the name of this hero speaks for itself: a penchant for good.
Creating this image, the poet seeks to show in him a public figure with progressive views. Grigory Dobrosklonov is close to the common people in that he also experienced hunger and want, injustice and humiliation.
One of the songs that Grisha sings speaks of two ways of reorganizing society. One road, “spacious, passions slave”, is chosen by “the greedy crowd to the temptation”, the other, “cramped, honest road”, is chosen only by “strong, loving souls, ready to defend the oppressed”. Here is an appeal to all progressive people:
Go to the downtrodden
Go to the offended -
Be the first there.
But the second way is very difficult. It is chosen by people with a strong character and stubborn will. This is Gregory:
Fate prepared for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia.
Despite everything, the young man believes in a bright future for Russia. Through songs, he is trying to influence the intelligentsia so that they wake up and start protecting the common people.
And in the song "Rus", the lyrical hero addresses all ordinary people with the hope that in the near future they will choose a more effective way to eradicate the enslavers and oppressors:
You are poor
You are abundant
You are beaten
You are almighty
Mother Rus'!
Gregory himself calls this song a noble anthem, which embodied "people's happiness." The people are powerful and great.
When he wakes up, the country will turn into a mighty power. It is in the people that the author sees the power that can change the established state of affairs:
Rat rises-
innumerable,
The strength will affect her
Invincible!
Therefore, in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author shows the ways to achieve happiness. He believes that only those who fight for the interests of the whole people can be happy. Nekrasov also creates a program of action for those who have chosen the path of people's intercessors.
Each poet, defining a creative credo for himself, is guided by his own motives. Someone sees the meaning of their creativity in the glorification of their homeland, for someone creativity is an opportunity to express their idea of the world. Russian poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov considered it his duty to serve the people. All his work is imbued with the ideas of protecting the Russian people from the arbitrariness of the authorities. Therefore, he saw the poet primarily as a citizen:
You may not be a poet
But you have to be a citizen...
In the poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" - the main work of his life - the national poet Grisha Dobrosklonov becomes the central image. Nekrasov never finished this poem - an incurable illness prevented him, the symptoms of which he felt in 1876, when the work was in full swing. But the dying poet, during the last months of unbearable torment, still wrote the last songs.
In almost all of Nekrasov's poems, one can see the image of a real citizen, which the poet sought to make an ideal for all honest people of Russia. In the poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'", the search for this ideal continues throughout the development of the action. The peasants depicted by the poet show themselves as persistent seekers of truth. After all, the plot of the work begins with how “seven temporarily liable ... got together and argued about who lives happily, freely in Rus'”.
Nekrasov did not idealize the peasants, knowing that many were and "last slaves", and lackeys, and born lackeys. In the mass scenes one can hear peasant polyphony: there are drunken voices, and sympathetic exclamations, and well-aimed aphorisms. The poet, who spent time with the peasants from childhood, studied their speech well, which made it possible to make the language of the poem colorful, bright, truly creative.
Gradually, individual heroes stand out from the masses. First, Yakim Nagoi, "drunk", "wretched" who has survived a lot in his lifetime. He is sure that it is impossible for a sober person to live in Rus' - he simply cannot endure overwork. If not for drunkenness, peasant riots would not have been avoided.
Based on the moral ideals of the people, Nekrasov created images of people from the peasant environment who became fighters for the happiness of the people. And only in the final part of the work - the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" - does the image of a national intellectual appear. This is Grigory Dobrosklonov. The poet did not have time to finish this part of the poem, but the image of the hero still looks holistic.
Grisha comes from the so-called raznochin environment, he is the son of a laborer and a deacon. Only the dedication of his mother and the generosity of the people around him did not allow both Grisha himself and his younger brother Savva "babies in the ground" decay. A half-starved childhood and a harsh youth helped him get closer to the people, determined the life path of a young man, because already at the age of fifteen "Gregory already knew for sure" for whom he will die and to whom he will devote his life.
The author first puts “Bitter Songs” into the mouth of the hero, reflecting the bitter time. But already towards the end of the chapter, “Good Songs” begin to sound. The brightest are "Rus" and "Among the world of the valley." The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov embodied the features of many revolutionaries of that time, even the hero's surname is consonant with another well-known surname - Nikolai Dobrolyubov. Like the revolutionary democrat, Grisha Dobrosklonov is a fighter for the interests of the peasants, he is ready to go "for the humiliated" and "for the offended" in order to be the first there.
The image of Grisha is realistic, but at the same time generalized, almost conditional. This is an image of youth looking forward, hoping for the best. He is all in the future, so the image of the hero turned out to be indefinite, only outlined. Gregory is not interested in wealth, does not care about his own well-being, he is ready to devote his life to “So that every peasant lives freely and cheerfully in all of Holy Rus'!” That is why the fate of the literary hero is predetermined: life is preparing Grisha "Glorious path, loud name of the people's intercessor", but at the same time - "Consumption and Siberia". But the young man is not afraid of the upcoming trials, because he believes in the triumph of the cause, to which he is ready to devote his whole life.
Almost all the contemporaries of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov passed through Siberia, having earned themselves consumption. Only "strong, loving souls", according to the author, embark on a glorious but difficult path of struggle for the happiness of the people. Thus, answering the main question of the poem: “Who is living well in Rus'?” - the author gives an unambiguous answer: to the fighters for the happiness of the people. This idea reveals the whole meaning of the poem.
- Images of landlords in Nekrasov's poem "Who should live well in Rus'"
- The image of Saveliy in Nekrasov's poem "Who should live well in Rus'"
- The image of Matryona in the poem "To whom in Rus' it is good to live"
Grisha Dobrosklonov is a key figure in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'". Let me tell you a little about him. Grisha was born into the family of a poor clerk, a lazy and mediocre man. The mother, on the other hand, was a type of the very female image drawn by the author in the chapter “Peasant Woman”. Grisha determined his place in life at the age of 15. No wonder, after all, a hungry childhood, hard labor hardening, donated by his father; strong character, broad soul, inherited from the mother; a sense of collectivism, vitality, incredible perseverance, brought up in the family and the seminary, ultimately resulted in a feeling of deep patriotism, moreover, responsibility for the fate of an entire nation! I hope I have explained the origins of Grisha's character in an accessible way?
And now let's look at the real-biographical factor of Grisha's appearance. Perhaps you already know that Dobrolyubov was the prototype. Like him, Grisha, a fighter for all the humiliated and offended, stood for peasant interests. He had no desire to satisfy prestigious needs (if anyone remembers lectures on social science), i.e. in the foreground, he does not care about personal well-being.
Now we know something about Dobrosklonov. Let's identify some of his personal qualities in order to find out the degree of significance of Grisha as a key figure. To do this, we just need to highlight from the above words that characterize it. Here they are: the ability to compassion, strong convictions, iron will, unpretentiousness, high efficiency, education, excellent mind. Here you and I, imperceptibly for ourselves, approached the meaning of the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov. Look: these qualities are enough to reflect the main idea of the poem. Hence the conclusion is as prosaic as it is laconic: Grisha himself reflects one of the main ideas of the poem. Here is the idea: it is good to live in Rus' only for such fighters for the happiness of the oppressed people. To explain why I am unlikely to succeed is a philosophical question and knowledge of psychology is required. Nevertheless, I will try to give an example: when you save someone's life, you get the feeling that you are strong and kind, a servant of the king, a father to soldiers, ... right? And then you save the whole people ...
But these are only consequences, and we still have to find out where it started. Let's reason, we know that from childhood Grisha lived among unfortunate, helpless, despised people. What pushed him to such a height that made him sacrifice himself for the sake of the common people, because, frankly, limitless opportunities opened up before a literate and educated, talented young man. By the way, this feeling, quality or sensation, call it what you will, nourished Nekrasov's work, the main idea of the poem was determined from his submission, patriotism and a sense of responsibility originate from him. This is the capacity for compassion. The quality that Nekrasov himself possessed and gave him to the key figure of his poem. It is quite natural that this is followed by patriotism inherent in a person from the people, and, well, a sense of responsibility to the people.
It is very important to determine the era in which the hero appeared. The epoch is the rise of the social movement, the many millions of people are rising to the struggle. Look:
“... The army rises innumerable -
her power is invincible…”
The text directly proves that people's happiness is possible only as a result of a nationwide struggle against the oppressors. The main hope of the democratic revolutionaries, to which Nekrasov belonged, is a peasant revolution. And who raises revolutions? - revolutionaries, fighters for the people. For Nekrasov, it was Grisha Dobrosklonov. From this follows the second idea of the poem, or, rather, it has already flowed out, it remains for us to single it out from the general stream of reflections. The people, as a result of the direction of the reforms of Alexander II, remain unhappy, oppressed, but (!) Forces for protest are ripening. The reforms spurred in him the desire for a better life. Have you noticed the words:
"…Enough! Finished with the last calculation,
Finished sir!
The Russian people gather with strength
And learns to be a citizen! ... "
The form of transmission was songs performed by Grisha. The words just reflected the feelings that the hero is endowed with. We can say that the songs were the crown of the poem because they reflect everything that I was talking about. And in general, they inspire hope that the Motherland will not perish, despite the suffering and troubles that overwhelm it, and the comprehensive revival of Russia, and most importantly, changes in the consciousness of the simple Russian people.
