Distinctive features of Oblomov and Stolz table. Oblomov and Stolz

Oblomov and Stoltz. COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS (BY GONCHAROV'S NOVEL "OBLOMOV")

1.Introduction.

Ways to characterize characters.

2. The main part.

2.1 Oblomov and Stolz: “poet of dreams” and “poet of labor”.

2.2 The appearance of the heroes.

2.3 Upbringing and education of heroes.

2.4 Heroes and Olga Ilyinskaya.

2.5 The further fate of the heroes.

3. Conclusion.

Hope for the future.

I. A. Goncharov

Writers resort to various methods of characterizing heroes in order to more fully and multifacetedly portray their character and inner world. This may be a detailed description of the circumstances of the upbringing and education of the character that shaped his personality. The protagonist's dream is a popular device for describing the internal state of a character, repeatedly used by many Russian classics. Another way to characterize a literary hero is to take the antithesis (opposition) of two completely different characters in the work. Such are the antagonists Onegin and Lensky from the novel in verse by A. s. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin", Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov by I. S. Turgenev in the novel "Fathers and Sons", Prince Myshkin and Parfyon Rogozhin from the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "The Idiot". It is the dissimilarity that characterizes the heroes most vividly and deeply. The heroes of the novel by Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov "Oblomov" are completely different from each other. And the external difference only emphasizes their antagonism. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the protagonist of the work, is pampered and imposing. His skin is white, his body is plump, his hands are effortless, plump and soft. This is a real Russian master, slow and unhurried. His favorite clothes are a dressing gown, cozy and roomy, perfectly suited to Oblomov. Andrey Stolz, a friend of the protagonist, fit and slender. It's like it's all made up of muscles in constant motion. His skin was tanned from constant exposure to the open air. So unlike in appearance, the characters are close friends. They lived next door as children and grew up together. Oblomov's estate is an example of a classic Russian estate, a piece of paradise, located far from major roads, cities, events, life itself. Life in Oblomovka proceeds measuredly and obeys its own rules: eating is a kind of ritual, and any work is a punishment. Little Ilya Ilyich was always surrounded by loving parents, numerous relatives, guests, nannies who followed his every step. Ilya, like any child, was curious and observant. However, constant control and excessive guardianship by adults have blunted these traits. Stolz was brought up in different conditions. Parents paid much attention to his education. And if the mother studied music and literature with her son, then the father was worried about the practical side of life. Stolz was sent alone on business, and when he disappeared, the father did not go to look for his son, hoping for his independence. Stolz was taught from childhood to work, diligence, independence. And he grew up to be a stubborn, ambitious, intelligent, businesslike person who achieved a lot in life. And yet, little Stolz was irresistibly attracted to the sleepy Oblomovna. Perhaps that harmony and love, the atmosphere of peace and comfort in which Ilya Ilyich grew up, was not enough for his friend in his parental home. Stolz was always drawn to the lazy and serene Oblomov. Warmth, tenderness, nobility, sincerity were valued by Stoltz above the business acumen and perseverance of other people. Stolz loses somewhat in comparison with Oblomov. His efficiency is abstract. The reader does not see the fruits of his activity. He does not dispose to himself at first sight, like Oblomov. But the characters certainly complement each other.

The meeting with Olga Ilyinskaya revealed the characters of both friends from a new side, and, first of all, the personality of Oblomov. He turned out, unlike Stolz, capable of strong sincere love, which also changed the main character. Olga, direct and natural, after meeting with Ilya Ilyich, turned from a naive girl into a beautiful young woman, subtly and deeply feeling. She was enriched internally and acquired a huge life experience that raised her even above the developed Stolz. Olga immediately saw and appreciated the spiritual beauty of Ilya Ilyich, but even she was unable to defeat Oblomovism. Stolz already fell in love with the “new” Olga, who changed thanks to Oblomov, who experienced a lot, suffered, fought, but lost.

After that, the fate of the heroes diverged. Oblomov found happiness in his understanding - he found Oblomovna in the house of Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna. He sank, flabby, and already very vaguely resembled the former charming gentleman. Stolz started a family with Olga Ilinskaya. They seem to be happy, only sometimes an incomprehensible sadness and longing finds on Olga, memories of Ilya Ilyich visit. The son of Oblomov and Andrei becomes a kind of focus of the best qualities of both heroes. The heir of Oblomov and the pupil of Stolz in the future, perhaps, will become in all respects a wonderful person, active and active, but with a gentle poetic soul and a heart of gold.

The brilliant novel by Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov introduces us to two diametrically opposed images: their characterization can take pages and pages. After all, they are completely different: in their temperament, in their attitude to life and worldview. Goncharov wrote it for ten years! What do you think, dear readers, would an academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Literature begin to "steam" for a whole decade, writing a novel in the form of a "single-layer" pie? What an easier task for a Corresponding Member to make up a story about two friends! One is lazy beyond measure. The other is amazingly efficient. An no. A novel has been written about all of us! And this is what we will try to prove. Oblomov and Stolz will help us in this study.

The image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov

The landowner Oblomov outwardly is a plump, flabby man with dark gray eyes, who prefers a passive lifestyle, lying on the couch, doing nothing. In all his appearance, carelessness is visible, but his face is spiritualized. And the thought is constantly present in him, it shines in the eyes, hides in the wrinkles of the forehead, bends along with the lips. However, this idea is "toothless", it has no practical application. Comparative and Stolz - clearly not in favor of Ilya Ilyich. He is a hereditary landowner. He has 350 souls of serfs. A good, solid mansion in St. Petersburg, a dacha, a village house. Oblomov has no idea how to take care of all this property that he owns. He is like a child, he is first robbed by a clerk, and then swindlers Mikhei Andreevich Tarantiev and Ivan Matveevich Mukhoyarov bring him to ruin.

He is educated but has no practical work experience. Under the influence of the first failures in the service, he developed a psychological "sloth complex", which Ilya Ilyich cannot overcome.

The image of Andrei Stolz

According to the plot of the novel, they are familiar and friendly from school: Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics indicate the proximity of their caste origin. Andrei Stoltz was born into the family of a German clerk Ivan Bogdanovich and a simple but educated Russian woman. The ratio of his status to the status of a friend-landlord is similar to the relationship between a business owner and a top manager. From childhood, his father, by regular classes in the sciences, as well as accounting, brought up industriousness in him. Andrei is a lean man with sunken cheeks, swarthy skin and greenish expressive eyes. He is hyperactive: constantly, like a shark, is in motion. The writer speaks of his hero as if he consisted of nothing but muscles and tendons. He knows languages, is quick-witted, which is why it is he who is sent by the trading company-employer as an agent to Belgium. In addition, Stoltz is able to use his knowledge creatively. Therefore, colleagues prefer to invite him to develop projects. Oblomov and Stolz treat money differently. Comparative characteristics indicate the prudence of the latter.

Secret subtext of Goncharov's images?

The fact that, by and large, the images of Stolz and Oblomov are not independent, but allegorical, the author of the novel shows in their relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya. On the one hand, she can neither win nor hold, but the spineless Ilya Ilyich invariably attracts with his romanticism, pure childlike soul. On the other hand, Stolz, who became her husband, pathologically does not feel the difference between business cooperation and sincerity. On a romantic honeymoon trip to Paris, he is, to put it mildly, unconvincing.

Why did Goncharov create these two images: Oblomov and Stolz? Comparative characteristics of these images - just an instructive conclusion? Contrasting characters? Or maybe we need to look at it more broadly? After all, each of us, of course, knows how much "Stolz" is in him and how much "Oblomov" is in him. What is a dream that does not touch the ground with its feet. The dream is global, devoid of any desire for realization. What is a Stolz? This is earthiness, business acumen, a sense of partnership. So let's ask ourselves the question: "If you create something global, is it possible to discount the dream in principle?" (As you know, Stoltz avoided dreaming.) Hardly.

And you, dear readers, would you agree with the following conclusion? To create a truly successful person who promotes fantastic projects, you need to mix in one glass 30% of the dreamer-Oblomov and 70% of the fanatic of Stolz's work. Isn't that what Goncharov wanted to tell us about? After all, an adopted son appeared in the Stoltsov family. Of course, a proper education will bring up business acumen in him. But what about the ability to dream? Genes after all, you know...

Oblomov Ilya Ilyich - the main character of the novel "Oblomov". Landowner, nobleman living in St. Petersburg. Leads a lazy life. Doesn't do anything, just dreams and "decomposes" lying on the couch. A bright representative of Oblomovism.

Stolz Andrei Ivanovich is a childhood friend of Oblomov. Half German, practical and active. The antipode of I. I. Oblomov.

Let's compare the heroes according to the following criteria:

Memories of childhood (including memories of parents).

I. I. Oblomov. From early childhood, everything was done for him: “The nanny is waiting for his awakening. She pulls on his stockings; he is not given, he is naughty, dangles his legs; the nanny catches him." “.. She washes him, combs his head and leads him to his mother. Since childhood, he also bathed in parental affection and care: “Mother showered him with passionate kisses ...” The nanny was everywhere, for days on end, like a shadow following him, constant guardianship did not end for a second: “... all the days and nights of the nanny were filled with turmoil, running around: either by trying, or by living joy for the child, or by fear that he will fall and hurt his nose ... ”.

Stolz. His childhood passes in a useful but tedious study: “From the age of eight he sat with his father behind a geographical map ... and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables ...” His mother was constantly worried about her son: “... she would have kept him near her.” But his father was completely indifferent and cold-blooded to his son, and often "put his hand": "... and kicked him from behind so that he knocked him down."

Attitude towards study and work.

Oblomov. He went to school without much interest and desire, hardly sat in the classroom, to overcome any book for Oblomov was a great success and joy. “Why all these notebooks ... of paper, time and ink? Why study books? ... When to live? Instantly cold to one or another kind of activity, be it study, books, hobbies. The same attitude was to work: “... you study, you read that the time of disaster is about to come, an unhappy person; here you gather your strength, work, homogenize, endure terribly and work, everything is preparing clear days.

Stolz. He studied and worked from childhood - the main concern and task of his father. Teaching and books fascinated Stoltz throughout his life. Labor is the essence of human existence. "He served, retired, went about his business and actually made a home and money."

Attitude to mental activity.

Oblomov. Despite the lack of love for study and work, Oblomov was far from being a stupid person. Some thoughts, pictures were constantly spinning in his naked, he constantly made plans, but for completely incomprehensible reasons, all this was put off in a debt box. “When he gets out of bed in the morning, after tea he immediately lies on the sofa, props his head with his hand and thinks it over, sparing no effort, until, finally, his head gets tired ..”

Stolz. Realist to the core. A skeptic in life and in thought. “He was afraid of any dream, or, if he entered her area, then he entered, as they enter a grotto with an inscription ... knowing the hour or minute when you leave from there.”

Choice of life goals and ways to achieve them. (Including lifestyle.)

Oblomov. Life is monotonous, devoid of colors, every day is similar to the previous one. His problems and worries are breathtakingly funny and ridiculous, even funnier he solves them by turning from side to side. The author justifies Oblomov with all his might, saying that he has a lot of ideas and goals in his head, but none of them materialize.

Stolz. Skepticism and realism are everywhere. “He walked firmly, cheerfully; lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble. “And he himself went stubbornly along the chosen path.”

Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich is a wonderful Russian realist writer. His work has firmly entered the classical literature of our country. The originality of his artistic world is, according to N.A. Dobrolyubov, in that he was able to capture in his work the full image of the subject, sculpt, mint it.

The main idea of ​​​​Goncharov in the novel "Oblomov"

In his novel, Ivan Alexandrovich condemns the inactivity of the nobility. The characterization of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov" proves this, and you will soon see this. The author welcomes the efficiency of the entrepreneurial class that was emerging at that time. For Goncharov, in the character of Oblomov, his lordly pampering is essential, as well as the inactivity that follows from it, the impotence of will and mind. The image of this hero at the hand of such an eminent master resulted in a broad picture in which the reader is presented with the pre-reform life of the country's local nobility. More than 100 years ago, the work was written, but it still attracts attention. This novel is certainly a classic work created by the beautiful Russian language.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov

What is the characteristic of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov"? After reading it, everyone probably wants to understand who is closer to him in spirit: Stolz or Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov's characterization, at first glance, is devoid of attractiveness. In the novel, this hero appears as a man of not his first youth. He tried in the past to serve, but he withdrew from all activity and became unable to return to it. He does not want not only to do something, but even to be in society, go for a walk, get dressed, just get up from the couch. The serene state of this hero is violated only by visitors who come only with selfish goals to Oblomov. For example, Tarantiev simply robs him, borrowing money and not returning it. Oblomov, on the other hand, turns out to be a victim of his visitors in the work, since he cannot understand the true purpose of their visits. The only exception is Stolz, a friend of his youth, who comes to visit him in Oblomovka.

However, Oblomov's characterization is not so unambiguously negative. We will return to her.

Andrei Ivanovich Stolz

Stolz is the antipode of this hero in the novel. Goncharov portrayed him as a "new man". Stolz was brought up in harsh conditions from childhood, gradually getting used to the difficulties and hardships of life. This is an alien and official careerism, and noble laziness, a businessman who is distinguished by such a level of culture and such activity, which at that time were not characteristic of the Russian merchant class. Apparently, not knowing where to find such a person among business Russian people, Goncharov decided to make his hero the offspring of a half-German family. Stolz, however, was raised by a Russian mother, who was a noblewoman, and also studied at the capital's university. This hero believes that through the construction of highways, fairs, marinas, schools, patriarchal "fragments" will turn into well-maintained estates that bring income.

Views on Oblomov's life

Not only apathy marked Oblomov's characterization. This character is trying to "philosophize". Ilya Ilyich contrasts the sincerity and kindness of the patriarchal life with the moral depravity of the representatives of the bureaucratic-noble society of the capital. He condemns him for striving for careerism, lack of serious interests, mutual hostility covered up by ostentatious courtesy. In this regard, the author of the novel agrees with Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov's characterization is complemented by the fact that he is a romantic. This hero dreams mainly of quiet family happiness.

Stolz's attitude to life

On the contrary, Stolz is the enemy of the "dream", of everything mysterious and enigmatic. However, by "dream" he means not only rosy romance, but all kinds of idealism. The author, explaining the convictions of this hero, writes that in his eyes, what is not subjected to the analysis of practical truth, experience, is an optical illusion or a fact, to which the turn of experience has not yet reached.

The value of a love conflict in revealing the characters of the main characters

A comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz would be incomplete if we did not reveal the topic of the relationship of these heroes with Olga Ilyinskaya. Goncharov introduces his characters into a love conflict in order to test them with life itself, which will show what each of them is worth. Therefore, the heroine of Oblomov was supposed to be an outstanding personality. In Olga Ilyinskaya, we will not find any secular coquetry, or aristocratic whims, nothing mannered, deliberately made for success in life. This girl is distinguished by her beauty, as well as the natural freedom of action, word and look.

Both main characters created by Goncharov fail in their love relationship with this woman, each in their own way. And this reveals the failure of the author's illusions in assessing both. Oblomov's "honest and true", "golden" heart is suddenly in doubt along with his decency. Note that this hero, who has a "heart as deep as a well," is shamefully disingenuous in front of the girl, referring to the fact that he "warned" her about his character. Olga understands that Ilya Ilyich "has died a long time ago."

The consistent characterization of Oblomov and Stolz reveals more and more interesting details. Andrey Ivanovich appears again in the novel. He reappears in the work in order to take the place that Oblomov previously occupied. The characterization of the hero Stolz in his relationship with Olga reveals some important features in his image. Goncharov, showing his life in Paris with Ilyinskaya, wants to show the reader the breadth of his hero's views. In fact, he lowers it, since being interested in everything means not systematically, deeply, seriously not getting involved in anything. It means to learn everything from other people's words, to take it from the wrong hands. Stolz could hardly keep up with Olga in her languid haste of will and thought. Against the will of the author, the story of the joint life of these two heroes, which was supposed to be the praise of Stoltz, in the end turned out to be a means of exposing him. Stolz at the end of the novel appears only as a self-confident reasoner. The reader no longer believes this hero, who could not save his friend, give happiness to his beloved woman. Only the tendentiousness of the author saves Stolz from a complete collapse. After all, Goncharov ("Oblomov") was on his side. Oblomov's characterization, created by the writer, as well as the author's voice in the novel, allow us to judge this.

Weakness of both heroes and the classes they represent

In addition to his own desire, Goncharov was able to show that not only the Russian nobility is degenerating. Weak not only Oblomov. The characterization of the hero Stolz is also not devoid of this feature. Respectable entrepreneurs cannot historically become the successors of the nobility, since they are weak, limited and unable to take responsibility for solving the fundamental issues of the life of the country.

The meaning of the image of Olga Ilyinskaya in Russian literature

So, a comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz shows that neither one nor the other can, each in their own way, arouse sympathy. But the heroine of the work, Olga Ilyinskaya, will become the prototype of an enlightened Russian woman. This prototype will later be found in the works of many classics of the 19th century.

Often a comparison of Ilya Ilyich and Andrei Ivanovich is presented as a table. The characteristic of Oblomov and Stolz, presented visually, helps to better remember information. Therefore, a comparative table in literature lessons as a type of work is often used at school. When deep analysis is required, it is better to refuse it. Namely, such a task was set when creating this article.

In the novel Oblomov, Alexander Goncharov touches on the theme of friendship between people who are completely different in character and views.

A comparative description of the image of Oblomov and Stolz will help the reader figure out whether she is able to change a person for the better.

Childhood and upbringing

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov grew up as a spoiled child. Parents took care of their son too much, did not give him the opportunity to prove himself. Didn't like to study. He believed that science was sent to people as a punishment for sins. As a thirteen-year-old boy, he was placed in a boarding school. He often asked his mother for permission to stay at home, not to go to school. I did not get enough knowledge at the university because of my own laziness.

Andrei Ivanovich Stolz was a smart boy. Knowledge absorbed like a sponge. His father raised him strictly. Mother did not encourage "labor education". When the father sent his son to the university, he did not lead him to the city. I said goodbye at the gate without unnecessary emotions, put on his cap, and pushed him so hard that he knocked him down.

Appearance

Ilya is overweight. His "chubby arms and soft shoulders" gave the appearance of a certain effeminacy. "His complexion was not ruddy or swarthy, he seemed positively pale." There were always some thoughts in gray eyes that quickly disappeared before they could settle in my head.

Andrey thin, he has no cheeks at all, his skin is swarthy. "He was made of bones, nerves and muscles, reminiscent of an English horse." His face had expressive green eyes. From him comes masculinity and health.

Aspirations and wealth

Ilya Oblomov at thirty-two, he had made absolutely nothing on his own. He left the service because of a stupid mistake he made, sending important documents to the wrong address. He was unable to complete a simple task. Lives in rented apartments. An estate inherited from parents suffers losses and does not bring proper prosperity. Ilya Ilyich knows nothing about financial matters.

He does not try to keep pace and create something in life. Lying on the couch, constantly being in a sleepy state.

Stolz“Served, retired, went about his own business and made a house and money. He is involved in some company that sends goods abroad.” Does not allow mistakes in work. He achieved respect in society and material wealth, thanks to his own efforts. “Constantly on the move: if a society needs to send an agent to England or Belgium, they send him. It is necessary to create a new project or analyze a new idea - they choose Stolz.

Love for a woman

Andrey respectful of the opposite sex. In relations with Olga Ilyinskaya, he manifests himself as a true gentleman, able to solve all the worries of his beloved, to please her. He achieved his goal - he married the one he loves.

Ilya always tactful in dealing with women. He loved Olga Ilyinskaya, but he could not overcome his laziness, unwillingness to change. I was afraid of the routine of marriage. He brought his beloved a lot of trouble, she often cried because of his caustic speeches. He married the widow Pshenitsyna, from whom he rented a room. She demanded absolutely nothing from him. Such relationships suited Oblomov.

Attitude to life

Andrey Stoltz, full of health, wishes to live for many more years. Although he is a realist, phrases are often heard from his lips that he wants to "live for two hundred, three hundred years." Adheres to the goal that everything should be carried out on the basis of clearly defined tasks. The dream had no place in his soul.

Ilya Oblomov calls himself "the old caftan". Sometimes he voices thoughts that he would lie down and fall asleep forever. Likes to dream. His imagination often draws fictitious pictures. Especially clearly highlights the images of the future wife and children.