Types of art and their classification. In search of style - "me and art", visual art

Each person understands the meaning of art in different ways: some elevate and exalt, others erupt into the abyss of emotions. A person can do without works of art in everyday life, but emotional hunger needs to know real art, which gives a feeling of happiness, joy and peace of mind. It is able to take a person into the world of dreams and fantasies, which everyone expresses in various forms of art. Below we will consider them.

Plastic or spatial arts

art

This type of creativity aims to reproduce the surrounding world and feel it visually. For the sake of this type of art, many artists gave up a calm, well-fed life and burned on the altar of art. The works of the masters became the causes of political clashes and wars. Collectors were ready to incur a curse. That's what people are willing to do for the sake of art.

• Painting. The art of depicting reality with colors. It represents objects depicted with a multi-colored palette on the surface. The artist can express his inner world and emotions on canvas, easel and cardboard. This genre is divided into several types: easel, monumental, miniature.
• . The art of depicting objects with strokes and lines. On the one hand, both adults and children can do this, having only a sheet of paper, paints, pencils. But not everything is so simple, and those who believe that graphics are publicly available are mistaken. This is a complex kind that needs to be trained if you want to become masters of this business. The artist applies strokes, lines and spots on the plane (wood, metal, structures, cardboard, and so on), using one or two color schemes (in some cases, you can use more). This genre is divided into several types: easel, computer, magazine and newspaper, book, applied and industrial.
• Sculpture. The artist expresses his works from solid and plastic materials that have a three-dimensional form. The captured works in the materials are able to convey the life image of the objects of creation. This type is divided into several types: sculpture of small forms, monumental, easel, small plastic and monumental - decorative.

constructive art

The master expresses his creativity in reproduction of artistic buildings that organize the spatial and objective environment around us while not showing anything. It is divided into two genres:

• . It is based on the life, views and ideology of society and easily adapts to the change of style in different historical periods of life. This genre is divided into several types: urban planning, landscape and architecture of three-dimensional structures.
• Design. It is an aesthetic symbol of the modern world. By creating masterpieces, the designer consolidates the style of the era with his creativity. It is divided into several genres: exhibition, subject, landscape, interior design, clothing and books.

Decorative and applied art

Creative works of this art have practical use in everyday life . The basis of this art is various branches of creative activity aimed at creating artistic products with utilitarian and artistic functions. It is divided into several types:

• ceramics;
• forging;
• glass;
• tapestry;
• clay toy;
• sewing;
• application;
• quilted products;
• artistic processing of leather;
• weaving;
• stained glass and much more.

Temporary arts

The composer expresses his spiritual beauty and picture of the world with the help of sound tones and rhythms, meaningful and organized in an orderly manner. This is the spiritual language of the material world, reproduced with the help of musical instruments. (their basis is a resonator), unconsciously grasped by hearing. Types of music can be divided according to different criteria, for example, according to the nature of the performance, it is divided into such types as vocal, instrumental, chamber, solo, electronic, vocal-instrumental, choral and piano. By habitat - military, church, religious, dance and theatrical. But basically it is divided into two types:

• vocal;
• instrumental.

Most often, this type of art means only fiction, but not everything is so simple. In addition, this includes scientific, philosophical and other works that reflect the views of people. Here works are created with the help of words and writing. They reflect the totality of branches of knowledge of a particular science or specialty. Literature is divided into such types as educational, technical, scientific, artistic, reference, memoir and documentary prose. Created in several genres:

• folklore;
• prose;
• poetry.

Spatio-temporal arts

This is a combination of several art forms, such as literature, choreography, music, poetry, and so on. The theater has its own views and views on the reflection of reality and does this with the help of dramatic action. This is a collective art, expressing one's ideas with the help of actors, directors, screenwriters, directors, composers, costume designers and make-up artists. It consists of several types, such as drama, puppet, opera, ballet and pantomime.

A type of artistic creativity based on various technical methods for recording and reproducing an image in motion, accompanied by sound. There are several types of this art - feature films, documentaries and short films.

Expression of emotions and inner experiences with the help of body movements, built into a certain work, accompanied by music. People have the opportunity to express their feelings, themes, ideas through pantomime, scenery and costume. It has its own directions and styles: ballroom dance, historical, ritual, folk, acrobatic, variety and club dance.

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• ART in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
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Experts give different definitions to the term “art”, since it is impossible to fit all the huge meaning that this word carries in one concept, one phrase. It performs a lot of useful functions for mankind. Art forms spiritual values ​​and brings up the understanding of beauty.

What is art

Again, there are several definitions of the concept of "art". First of all, this is a high level of human skill in any field of activity. If explained in more detail, then it can be called the ability to creatively reproduce reality with the help of aesthetic artistic images, objects, and actions. The main types of art are the spiritual culture of society.

The subject of art is a set of relations between the world and man. The form of existence is a work of art, the means of manifestation of which can be a word, sound, color, volume. The main goal of art is the self-expression of the creator with the help of his work, which is created to evoke emotions, experiences, aesthetic pleasure in the contemplator.

Various types of art, the classification table of which shows their division into types, use imagination and illusoryness instead of strict unambiguous concepts. In human life, it acts as a means of communication, enrichment with knowledge, education of values, as well as a source of aesthetic joys.

The main functions of art

Types of art (their table is presented below) exist in the world to perform certain social functions:

1. Aesthetic. Reproduction of reality according to the laws of beauty. Influence on the formation of aesthetic taste, the ability to live and feel emotions. The ability to distinguish between the sublime and the standard, the beautiful and the ugly.
2. Social. Ideological influence on society, transformation of social reality.
3. Compensatory. Solving psychological problems, Restoring peace of mind and balance. Detachment from the gray reality and everyday life by compensating for the lack of harmony and beauty.
4. Hedonistic. The ability to bring positive emotions through the contemplation of beauty.
5. Cognitive. The study and knowledge of reality with the help of which are sources of information about the processes of the public.
6. Prognostic. The ability to predict and predict the future.
7. Educational. Influence on the formation of personality and moral development of a person.

Classification of art forms

Art does not have a single form of embodiment. In this regard, it is classified according to various criteria into genres, genera, species, subspecies. There is no one generally accepted system, so art is divided into groups according to certain factors.

Dynamics is one of the criteria by which art forms are classified. The table posted in this article shows how the types of creativity are divided according to this scheme. So, according to the dynamics, art is divided into:

Temporary (dynamic);

Spatial (plastic);

Space-time (synthetic).

In accordance with the expressed emotions and the feelings evoked, it is divided into genres: comedy, tragedy, drama, etc.

The types of art are also determined by the materials used:

Traditional - paints, clay, metal, plaster, wood, granite, canvas;

Modern - electrical engineering, computers;

The main classification system distinguishes the main 5 types of art, each of which additionally has several subspecies:

Applied (labor);

Fine;

Spectacular (game);

Sound;

Verbal.

For an illustrative example, a summary table is provided for your attention, which contains all the main types of art.

Literature

The material carrier of the literary art form is the word, with the help of which artistic images and written texts are created. It can reflect the epic narrative of certain events, the lyrical revelation of the inner world and the experience of the author, the dramatic reproduction of the actions that took place.

The literature is divided into:

historical;

scientific;

educational;

Artistic.

Reference.

The genres of works are determined by type, form, content.

Music

There is also art capable of conveying emotions in an audible form - music. It is the embodiment of artistic images, ideas, emotional experiences with the help of silence and sound organized in a special way. It is an art fixed by reproduction and musical notation. Music, depending on the functions, is divided into religious, military, dance, theatrical. According to the performance, it can be: instrumental, electronic, vocal, choral, chamber. The main musical genres and directions are as follows:

Variety;

Alternative;

non-European;

ethnic;

Popular;

classical;

Avant-garde.

Applied (labor) arts

Applied arts (the table also calls them spatial) include architecture and

Architecture helps shape the spatial environment. With its help, the design and construction of various structures is carried out. It helps to make the buildings that people need correspond to their spiritual needs.

Architecture is closely connected with the development of engineering and technology, so it can be used to judge the scientific achievements and artistic features of different eras. Among the most famous historical styles of buildings are baroque, modern, classicism, renaissance, gothic. Depending on the purpose of the structures, architecture is divided into public, industrial, residential, landscape gardening, etc.

Decorative and applied art is a creative activity aimed at creating objects that simultaneously satisfy the artistic, aesthetic and everyday needs of people. Decorative and applied art to some extent has a national and ethnic character. Among its main types are: knitting, embroidery, lace-making, pyrography, origami, quilling, ceramics, carpet weaving, artistic painting and processing of various materials, etc. Products are made using various materials and technologies.

Fine Arts

Photography, sculpture, painting, graphics as an art form that uses an image, clearly show reality in art forms that are tangible to the eye.

Painting is a color reflection of reality on a plane. This is one of the oldest art forms. Depending on the subject of the picture, there are such historical, battle, mythological, animalistic, still life, landscape, portrait, household.

Graphics as an art form is the creation of a drawing with a line on a sheet or with a cutter on a hard material, followed by an imprint on paper. This type of creativity, depending on the method of applying the drawing, is divided into subspecies: engraving, bookplate, poster, woodcut, lithography, linocut, etching, printmaking. There are also book industrial and computer graphics.

Photography is the art of documenting a visual image, which is carried out with the help of a technical means. It has almost the same genres as painting.

Sculpture - the creation of three-dimensional three-dimensional With the help of this art, relief and round images are created. By size it is divided into easel, monumental, decorative.

Spectacular (playing) arts

Spectacular arts are aimed not only at but also at entertaining people. Just a person is the main object through which the spectacular art is conveyed to the viewer. It has several directions.

Choreography is the art of dance. It is the construction of images with the help of plastic movements. Dances are divided into ballroom, ritual, folk, modern. The choreographic art of ballet is built on musical and dance images, which are based on a certain plot.

Cinema is a synthesis of certain types of arts - theater, dance, literature. It has many genres (comedy, drama, thriller, action movie, melodrama) and subspecies (documentary, feature, series).

Circus - a demonstration of entertaining performances. Includes clowning, acrobatics, reprise, pantomime, magic tricks, etc.

Theater, like cinema, consists in combining several types of creativity - music, literature, vocals, fine arts, choreography. It can be dramatic, operatic, puppet, ballet.

Estrada is the art of small forms, which has a popular and entertaining orientation. Includes choreography, vocals, conversational genre and others.

Mankind has been creating and studying art for centuries. It is the greatest spiritual and cultural asset of society, plays a huge role in its development and improvement.

We continue our journey into the depths of ourselves. Last time we talked about associations in nature. Now let's talk about what is created by human hands, about art . With music, we already drew parallels at the dawn of the community. . We will not repeat =) who missed it - privately fill in =)

There are so many trends in art that I had to divide it into two posts. First, let's try to associate ourselves with visual art - paintings, architecture, arts and crafts. And next time we will go to a deeper "verbal" art for understanding ourselves - cinema, books, poems, fairy tales and so on.

I apologize in advance for such terms, it just didn’t occur to me how else to call all these types of art.

Visual art will show you not only style - persona, but also self-perception. This exercise has an added bonus - it intersects with your perception of lines. And here you can compare how harmonious the impression of your appearance and what you want to show. And additionally, you yourself (!) may find very pleasant associations for your lines.

Dolce far Niente - John William Godward 1861-1922

So, today we will look for answers to such questions:
1) Find pictures that best reflect your inner essence, your energy. It can be anything - both paintings by famous artists and unknown ones. And portraits, and landscapes, and whatever. Explain the choice why you are.

2) It’s more difficult - what architecture would you associate yourself with, and why

3) As for arts and crafts - jewelry, interior items, what can you associate with yourself?

After you find the answers, try to collage them and substitute your photos

1) Pictures

The paintings of the Iranian Mahmud Farshchiyan are closest to my inner world. They have tenderness close to me, unity with nature, but not on a "natural basis", but on magic. They have a story. Many plots are either light mystical or romantic. And they have the flavor of 1000 and 1 night =). There are many details in the paintings themselves, spongey interesting colors. Sensual romance + creativity.

This picture, which I found on Pinterest, also refers to sensual romance. This is my inner Aphrodite, unfortunately I do not know the author, but it is declared as a "portrait of a Spaniard". It miraculously intersects with my sense of myself - playful, yet sensual, without strictness, but masterful, not simple.
sensual romance.

Since childhood, I was still very impressed by Vrubel's paintings. I was fascinated by them, although I experienced some fear. This is some kind of dark side, what is, but what is not shown, dark desires and dark mysticism. Greyish hazy colors.
Creative style persona + drama + some romance

Since I generally feel a special attraction to the art of the beginning of the last century, I tried to look for myself in the paintings of Mucha. There I am Luna. Mysterious, obviously keeps some kind of secret, while gentle.
Creativity + sensual romance, a drop of drama in the darkness of the image.

2) Architecture.
Architecture I like Mediterranean \ Moroccan. Both small houses, decorated with intricate ornate details, and larger ones, complex carved decorations, an abundance of interesting details, rich decor. And there must be plants.

Decoration is always romance. Perhaps a little creative (exotic) due to the choice of location.

3) Decorative arts . Here I have clearly two directions - to the past and to other regions =) I cannot escape the creative style of the person =)

Let's go to the past first. Very often I see myself in the things of the beginning of the last century, I look with bated breath at the things of the Art Nouveau and Art Deco eras, but I associate myself a little more with Art Nouveau after all. Although here the lines of my figure are most likely also wedged.

Ornate, slightly spiky lines, motifs of nature and fairy tales. Romance + creativity.

and another direction - the Middle East. Ornate perfume bottles, carved brass lamps, interesting little kohls and intricate ornate embroideries and designs on textiles. The lines are again ornate, complex, a little sharp.
Again a lot of decoration (romance) and a little exotic (creativity)

If you collect it in a collage, then it looks quite harmonious - sensual romance, a little fabulous, a little mystical.

I myself fit in there too, which means that while I am in agreement with the internal and external =)
When substituting yourself in collages, it can be different - if, like mine, photos are embedded as part of a collage - this is good. and if something is a little wrong - in principle, you can understand what is wrong there and what needs to be done.

Real art begins only when a person breaks down the unfair barrier of commercialization of creativity, when visual art begins to serve the goals of enlightenment.

Visual art has existed on Earth for a millennium. Rock paintings were replaced by the highly developed and collective art of antiquity. Then gothic, revival, classicism, impressionists. But all this more than ten thousand years of epic can be called only the prehistory of art, during which the artist was never free, and the free artist had an imaginary freedom. It is a mistake to assume that the artist's work is not subject to regularity, causality, that the artist has free will, freedom of choice, and his work does not depend on anything. If this were the case, the free artist would starve to death.

No one denies the free will of the artist, but this freedom consists in an imaginary independence from society with its conjuncture. Firstly, no matter what they "sing" about democracy, freedoms, socialism, we live in a bourgeois society with its bourgeois laws, and bourgeois ideology seeks to establish the principles of commercial morality as "eternal" and "immutable" principles, allegedly corresponding to the very human nature. Secondly, no matter what they "sing" about equality, brotherhood, tolerance, society is still stratified into classes, there is economic inequality. In the world of economic inequality, however, any creativity will have a class character and express the interests of classes. Hence, idealistic assertions about the eternal in art are groundless.

One day I heard from one of my teachers that there is a kind of irreconcilable antagonism between the artist and the viewer. I remembered these words well and always remembered them in certain situations. Then there was a rethinking: in reality, the artist and the viewer are in a dialectical relationship. Art exists only for the viewer, through the viewer, through the viewer. However, for an artist, by default, the viewer is considered "not versed" in art, and the viewer's comments are especially good and valuable.

It is impossible to be an artist of one genre. Normally, an artist has one or more genres that dominate, the rest are weaker to varying degrees, but completely influence creativity. It is important to understand that sometimes, due to certain factors, the dominance of one or another trend in creativity may turn out to be excessive to the point of pathology. At the same time, up to atrophy, all the rest are suppressed.

There is a hierarchy in the artist's creative system. For one, landscapes are in the first place, for another - group portraits, for the third - graphics. And one artist is happy when he creates in solitude, in the studio; the other is happy in the open air, in the forest, or among people on the streets of the city. Obviously, these are different artists. Their profiles of creativity are different, their fate is different. The hierarchy of genres determines the goals of creativity, ideas, hopes. It also defines vulnerabilities where a thin spot is torn if a failure occurs.

When people with common interests and goals try to reach an understanding with the least amount of effort, they will form groups and create jargon. When you try to communicate with the artists, you will notice that they have a special feeling for their technical language, which they use to exchange ideas. So the spoken language acquires new terms, and the corresponding specific thoughts can be conveyed clearly and clearly.

“More and more I am convinced that it is not possible for an isolated individual to create the pictures that must be painted in order for modern painting to become completely itself and rise to heights equal to the sacred heights reached by Greek sculptors, tireless musicians and French romantics. These paintings, apparently, will be created by groups of artists who will rally to implement a common idea. This gives reason to regret the lack of corporate spirit among artists who criticize and poison each other, although, fortunately, not reaching mutual extermination ".

This is true, and Van Gogh's words seem to be true for any era. It is probably the inborn megalomania of the artist class, where everyone considers himself too big and independent to go his own way. As a result, artistic unions are fragile and not as peaceful as we would like.

The harmony of colors sounds in the artist's soul. What is this, unmistakable instinct? Certainly! Art, intuition, miracle? Certainly! But that's not all, because what matters is the acquired stock of knowledge, without which it is difficult to manipulate paints.

The spiritual life of an artist is no more difficult than the life of an ordinary person.