Most scientists believe in God. There are practically no believers among scientists (myths about Christianity)

The Bible and Science and Health by Mary Baker Eddy, the founder of Christian Science.

Photo: Sarah Nichols/Flickr.com

A significant part of scientists consider themselves believers and many of them do not see a conflict between their scientific and religious views. This is stated in a report published by sociologists from Rice University based on a large-scale survey conducted over the past four years. The results of the study are published on the university website and are briefly reported in a press release.

The study was conducted in eight countries - France, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Taiwan, Turkey, the UK and the USA. The authors of the survey involved physicists and biologists in the study, since these are the sciences that study the origins of man and the Universe, and, according to the authors, religious and scientific views most often do not coincide in these two areas. The study involved 9,422 people of different gender, age, religious views and status from universities and research institutes. The study participants answered a questionnaire, then the study authors selected 609 scientists from them and conducted in-depth interviews with them. Among the topics that interested the researchers were the relationship between science and religion, how religion influences the formation of a research agenda, the interaction of researchers with students, and the resolution of ethical issues.

It found that more than half of scientists from Hong Kong (54 percent), Italy (57 percent), Taiwan (74 percent), India (79 percent) and Turkey (85 percent) considered themselves religious. Atheists make up the majority of scientists only in France (51 percent). As the researchers expected, scientists are generally less religious compared to the general population. However, there are exceptions. Thus, in Hong Kong, 39 percent of scientists consider themselves religious, while among the entire population of the country only 20 percent consider themselves religious. In Taiwan, 54 percent of scientists are religious, but only 44 percent of the country's population as a whole are religious.

Distribution of the proportion of believers, agnostics and atheists among surveyed scientists in eight countries.

Image: Ecklund, Elaine Howard, David R. Johnson, Sarah Hamshari, Kirstin R. W. Matthews, and Steven W. Lewis. 2015. A Global Lab: Religion among Scientists in International Context.

Not all scientists believe that scientific and religious views conflict with each other. In the UK and US, only a third of respondents think so. At the same time, a quarter of Hong Kong, Taiwanese and Indian scientists believe that science and religion can coexist peacefully and complement each other.

According to the Pew Research Center, 5.8 billion people out of the world's 7 billion population consider themselves followers of one religion or another. Most developed countries and many developing countries are trying to build scientific infrastructure. However, according to the survey authors, there has not yet been any global research on the influence of science and religion on each other.

Note: The original version of the note stated that believers make up more than half of the scientists surveyed. In fact, the authors of the study do not make such a statement in the report; only data for individual countries is published. In five of the eight countries, believers indeed constitute the majority, but the authors do not provide cumulative data on the basis of which one could speak about the total predominance of believers in all countries studied. The editors apologize to their readers.

Ekaterina Rusakova

Vladimir Bogachev

Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Function Theory and Functional Analysis of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University, Lecturer at the National Research University Higher School of Economics

The question of the compatibility of science and faith seems to me to be quite similar to the question of the compatibility of science and other manifestations of the human spirit, say, music, friendship or family life. It is absolutely obvious (and proven by the entire history of mankind) that nothing prevents one from being in complete agreement with another.

At the same time, it is a mistake to believe that faith is something that does not need confirmation. On the contrary, the most important foundations of faith should require immutable personal (and not memorized, as is the case with theorems) evidence from the believer. One of the goals of spiritual life is to obtain such evidence, which is achieved by understanding one’s life, the lives of other people, as well as the experience of ascetics from ancient centuries to recent times. Moreover, this is rather an experimental understanding (more in the spirit of physics or chemistry), rather than a purely speculative (mathematical) one. It is in mathematics that all basic things have to be taken on faith, and then something can be deduced from them according to special rules. Most professional mathematicians are not at all embarrassed by the fact that they do not know (and will never know) what a number, a point and a set are.

It is not customary among scientists to somehow demonstrate their religiosity (or, conversely, the lack thereof). I remember how at one banquet in Germany I was sitting next to my long-time co-author, a German Catholic, and we began to discuss differences in the practice of communion, and this was heard by our other neighbor, a Dutchman, who also turned out to be a believer. He said that for the first time in his long life he found himself at a scientific event where three Christians were sitting next to each other and did not hide it. Then he announced that it was absolutely necessary for us to drink vodka at his expense, and we showed appropriate humility and complied with the request.

By the way, at the beginning of the 20th century, A.G. Tabrum conducted a survey of a significant number of famous Western natural scientists about their attitude to faith and in 1912 published an interesting book “Religious Beliefs of Modern Scientists.” In addition, I recommend the book “The Road to Truth” by the prominent oil engineer Vladimir Shchelkachev, as well as the book “The Universe, Space, Life - Three Days of Creation” by Archpriest Leonid Tsypin, who was a theoretical physicist for many years. The works of a remarkable preacher, Archpriest Gleb Kaleda, who worked as a geologist for decades, are intended for a very wide range of readers, including those not related to science.

It seems to me that doubts about the existence of God can be explained precisely by neglect of facts, experimental evidence and logic, and not vice versa. However, it is unlikely that most scientists approach questions of faith so formally that they can be swayed by some “scientific arguments.” Actually, this applies not only to scientists. Well, for example, someone found out that the myrrh-streaming of some icon was falsified, and he began to waver in his faith. The question is: what was such faith worth?

6 more books about the current state of religion

Georgy Orekhanov

Archpriest of the Russian Orthodox Church, theologian, Doctor of Historical Sciences, author of the books “V.G. Chertkov in the life of L.N. Tolstoy” and “Leo Tolstoy. “A Prophet Without Honor”: A Chronicle of a Disaster”

“The relationship between science and religion is an old topic that has worried humanity for several centuries, from the very time when science began to make its first real progress and at the same time for the first time cast doubt on certain provisions of the Christian religion. The dialogue gave way to war, which smoothly turned into a truce, and then passions began to rage with renewed vigor. The question becomes especially relevant in the twentieth century, when the obvious achievements of the natural sciences (physics and biology in the first place) once again confronted Christian theologians with the task of rethinking the Christian intellectual heritage and Christian discourse in order to make this heritage understandable and accessible to contemporaries. Each of the books presented in the list is aimed at solving this problem.”

“God: yes or no? Conversations of a believer with unbelievers" by Metropolitan Anthony (Sourozh)

The book is another re-edition of the famous conversations-debates of the outstanding Orthodox theologian and preacher of the 20th century, Metropolitan Anthony (Blum) of Sourozh with the English journalists A.M. Goldberg and M. Lasky. The talks were organized by British radio and television in the 1970s. The main topic of the meetings is the Christian faith in the modern secular world, faith and unbelief, the principles of constructing a dialogue between representatives of the traditional Christian worldview and atheists and agnostics. A distinctive feature of these conversations is a trusting and respectful attitude towards other people’s opinions, which nevertheless allows the interlocutors to raise the most pressing questions of an existential nature.

"The Secular Age" by Charles Taylor

The major work of Charles Taylor, emeritus professor of philosophy at McGill University (Canada), laureate of the 2007 Tempton Prize, is devoted to the topic of the secularization of Western society in its historical aspect. We are talking about social processes that are accompanied by a total change in consciousness in a historical perspective: old forms of religiosity are transformed into new ones, and in modern society religion becomes one of the possibilities along with others. Particular attention is paid to the events and trends of the era of the Reformation and Enlightenment, when secularism received its philosophical justification, which already in the 19th century found support in the achievements of the natural sciences. The place of Christianity in the context of the complex and contradictory phenomena of the modern and postmodern era is the main theme of Taylor's book.

Publishing house BBI, Moscow, 2017

“Anticlericalism in Europe. Publicity and secularization in France, Spain and Germany (1848–1914)" by Lisa Dittrich

The author is a young German researcher, researcher at the Department of Contemporary History, Faculty of History, University. Ludwig Maximillian in Munich. This is a large-scale study of the genesis and development of anti-clerical tendencies in Western Europe during the designated period. From the author’s point of view, anti-clerical movements represent a unique type of culture wars. The subject of Dittrich's research is the sociocultural forms of anti-clerical movements. Church criticism is studied primarily on materials from the public press and journalism. The significance of Dittrich’s work lies not only in the colossal historiographical overview of the stated topic, but also in the fact that there is an attempt to conceptualize the phenomenon in question in an interdisciplinary manner.

Publishing house Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 2014

“What is “spirituality”? Results, analysis, case studies in Germany" by Heinz Streib and Barbara Keller

Heinz Streib is one of the leading researchers in the field of religious studies and religious pedagogy in modern Germany, professor of evangelical theology and didactics at the University of Bielefeld. This book is the result of a multi-year project that was organized by sociologists of religion and educators in Germany and the USA. The presented study provides the latest systematic assessment of the main existing concepts and empirical studies of spirituality, primarily in three aspects - semantic, psychological and related to the biographical context of participants in sociological surveys. From a methodological point of view, the researchers proceeded from the reaction of the “man on the street” (the principle of “Menschen auf der Straße”), that is, they primarily focused on the self-presentation, self-understanding and self-description of the participants in sociological surveys of their own experience.

Material from CreationWiki

Many famous scientists (including Nobel laureates), who were asked to express their opinions about the “contradictions” between science and religion, directly stated their belief in God.

Alaya, Dr. Hubert N. is a professor of chemistry at Princeton University. One of the outstanding US scientists in the field of chemistry.

Alberti, Dr. Robert A. - Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (one of the best institutions in the USA).
Anderson, Dr. Arthur G. - Director of the Research Center of the International Computer Corporation. (World-famous, largest corporation for the manufacture of computers.)
Anderson, Dr. W. Elving is a professor of genetics and deputy director of the Institute of Genetics at the University of Minnesota, USA.
Ault, Dr. Wayne Yu is a senior scientist at the Isotope Research Laboratory. (The world's first commercial laboratory to perform carbon dating and radioactive hydrogen isotope dating.)
Outrum, Dr. Hanjochem is the dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Munich, one of the outstanding German scientists.
Byron, Dr. Ralph L. - Head of the Department of General Surgery and Oncological Surgery (Tumors). Director of the hospital for patients with cancer and cancer-related diseases. (World famous City of Hope Hospital in Los Angeles, USA.)

Beadle, Dr. Georg W. - Director of the Research Institute of Biological Medicine of the American Medical Association, Nobel Prize laureate in physiology.
Behe, Michael- American scientist, professor of biological sciences at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, senior researcher at the Discovery Institute in Seattle; has a degree in biochemistry.
Carl Boe (b.1936) - American paleontologist, television presenter
Born, Dr. Max is Emeritus Professor of Physics (retired) at the University of Göttingen and also at the University of Edinburgh. Nobel Prize winner in physics.
von Braun, Dr. Werner is often cited as the man above all others responsible for the successful launch of astronauts to the moon, USA.
Brooks, Dr. Harvey is the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Physics at Harvard University (the most influential university in the United States).
Burke, Walter F. - Manager of the rockets and spacecraft department of the McDonnell Aviation Corporation. Head of the design, construction and launch of the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. Outstanding expert on space flights.
Bjerke, Alf H. is president of the Bjerke Paint Corporation in Oslo (Norway). One of the outstanding Norwegian experts in the field of chemistry.

Byub, Dr. Richard H. is a professor of materials science and electrical engineering at Stanford University. Author of more than one hundred scientific books and articles.
Wallenfels, Dr. Kurt is director of the Institute of Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Waldman, Dr. Bernard is Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, USA.
Van Iersel, Dr. Yang. J. - Professor of Experimental Zoology, Leiden University, Holland.
Westphal, Dr. Wilhelm H. - Professor Emeritus (retired), Technical University of Berlin, Germany.
Vilfong, Dr. Robert E. is the technical director of the nylon factory of the Du Pont Corporation, the greatest chemical company in the world. The first chemist to work in the production of Orlon, Kentris and many other fabrics for space flights.

Wynand, Dr. Leon J.F. is Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Liege in Belgium.
Wolf-Heidegger, Dr. Gerhard is a professor of anatomy at the University of Basel, Switzerland.
Worcester, Dr. Willis G. - Dean of the Faculty of Engineering Sciences at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, USA.
Gjoterud, Dr. Ole Christopher is a professor of physics at the University of Oslo (Norway), one of the most prominent physicists in Norway.
Golovin, Sergey Leonidovich - Master of Science (Earth Physics), President of the Christian Scientific Apologetic Center in Crimea
Dana, Dr. James Dwight - Dean of the Department of Geology at Princeton University, one of the greatest geologists in the United States.
Jouncey, Dr. James H. - Head of the Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, King's College, Australia. He has received 10 degrees from world-renowned universities. Author of 2 books on guided missiles and 500 scientific articles. Technical Adviser to the Australian Government during the Second World War.
Jaken, Dr. M. is a professor of theoretical biology at Leiden University in Holland.
Jelinek, Ulrich is president of the Severn Industrial Company in New Jersey, USA. World-famous inventor and designer of instruments and systems for space exploration.
Johnson, Phillip Johnson, Professor Emeritus of Law at the University of California, Berkeley.
Dembski, William (William Dembski) is a senior fellow at the Discovery Institute in Seattle, M.D., with degrees in mathematics and philosophy.
Davis, Dr. Stefan S. is Dean of the Faculty of Architecture and Engineering at Howard University in Washington, DC.
Duchesne, Dr. Jules S. - Chairman of the Department of Atomic Molecular Physics at the University of Liege in Belgium.
Inglis, Dr. David R. - Senior Physicist, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois, USA.
Mark Eastman - holds a doctorate, author of "The Creator Beyond Time and Space"
Dean Kenyon is Professor Emeritus of Biology at California State University, San Francisco, USA. Co-author of the book “Biochemical Predestination” (about the reasons for the correct structure of proteins from amino acids).
Mosquito, Dr. Arthur B. - Dean of the Belfer Faculty of Natural Sciences; Yeshiva University in New York City, USA.
Coop, Dr. Evert is the chief surgeon at the Children's Hospital in Philadelphia, USA. One of the most famous surgeons in America.
Kush, Dr. Polycarp is a Nobel Prize winner in physics.
Pawnshop, Dr. Augustine is a professor of geology. Former Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
Loncio, Dr. Ole M. is a professor of physics at the University of Oslo. Norway.
Mandel, Dr. Michel is Professor of Physical Chemistry, Leiden University, Holland.
Dr. Grady McMutry is a young earth creationist from the United States and founder of Creation Worldview Ministries.
Jed Macosko is a fellow at the Discovery Institute with a degree in chemistry.
Meyer, Stephen (Stephen Meyer) - director and senior fellow at the Center for the Renaissance of Science and Culture at the Discovery Institute in Seattle, Ph.D.
Millican, Dr. Robert A. is a Nobel Prize winner in physics.
Scott Minnich is an associate professor of microbiology at the University of Idaho and a fellow at the Discovery Institute with a degree in microbiology.
Henry Morris (1918-2006) - American preacher and writer, president of two scientific creationist organizations
Nelson, Paul (Paul Nelson) is a senior fellow at the Discovery Institute in Seattle and holds a degree in philosophy.
Vladislav Sergeevich Olkhovsky (b. 1938) - Ukrainian professor in the field of nuclear physics, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
Oparin, Alexey Anatolyevich - general practitioner, candidate of medical sciences, associate professor of the department, author of books on creationist biblical archeology and the history of Christianity.
Parker, Harry - biologist
Pickard, Dr. Jacques E. - Oceanographic Engineer and Consultant, Grumman Aviation Corporation, Florida, USA.
Drank, Dr. Magnus is a professor of physics. Former Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Rydberg, Dr. Yang X. - Dean of the Faculty of Nuclear Chemistry, Chalmers Institute of Technology; Gothenburg, Sweden.
Smart, Doctor V.M. - Professor of Astronomy, a department established by the English king; University in Glasgow, Scotland. One of the greatest British astronomers.
Tangen, Dr. Roald - Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Science; University in Oslo, Norway.
Arthur Walder-Smith (1915-1995) - English professor, natural scientist, who defended three doctoral dissertations.
Jonathan Wells is a senior scientist at the Discovery Institute in Seattle with degrees in molecular and cell biology.
Forsman, Dr. Werner is the head of the department of surgery at a large hospital in Dusseldorf (Germany), a Nobel Prize laureate in medicine.
Friedrich, Dr. John P. is the chief chemist of the US Department of Agriculture (Northern Regional Research Laboratory).
Hynek, Dr. J. Allen - Director of the Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center (Northwestern University, Illinois, USA).
Hansen, Dr. Arthur G. is the President of Purdue University. Former Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and President of the Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
Hearn, Dr. Walter is a professor of biochemistry at the University of Iowa. Member of the American Association for Progress in Science. His research works were discussed at international scientific congresses.
Ziegler, Dr. Karl is director of the Max Planck Institute (for research work in the field of the coal industry). City of Mülheim, Germany (Ruhr region), Nobel Prize winner in chemistry.
Show, Dr. James - Professor of Biochemistry at Harvard University (for 23 years); director of the research laboratory at Harvard University.

Einstein, Dr. Albert is one of the greatest scientists of all time. World famous scientist, creator of the Theory of Relativity, father of the atomic age, Nobel Prize laureate in physics.
Engstrom, Dr. Elmer W. - Chief Administrator of the US Radio Corporation; world-renowned leading scientist, pioneer in color television (1930). He was awarded an honorary doctorate of science by fourteen universities.
Ehrenberger, Dr. Friedrich - specialist in the field of analytical chemistry, Chemical Dyes Company; Kelheim, Germany.
Jung, Dr. Karl is one of the greatest psychologists of all time, having a worldwide calling authority. Switzerland.

1901 - Nobel Prize established

Nobel laureates in physics on faith

Antoine Becquerel (1852-1908) French physicist.
Discovered the phenomenon of radioactivity.
Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 "for the discovery of spontaneous radioactivity" (together with Curie).
A unit of radioactivity is named after him

“It was my work that led me to God, to Faith.”

Joseph Thomson (1856-1940), English physicist
Discovered electron.
Nobel Prize in Physics 1906 "in recognition of his outstanding services in the field of theoretical and experimental studies of the conductivity of electricity in gases."

“Don’t be afraid to be independent thinkers! If you think strongly enough, then you will inevitably be led by science to faith in God, which is the basis of religion. You will see that science is not the enemy, but the helper of religion.”

Max Planck (1858-1947), German physicist.
Founder of quantum physics.
Nobel Prize in Physics 1918 "For the discovery of energy quanta"
The fundamental constant of the quantum of action is named after him.

“Wherever and however far we look, we find no contradiction between religion and natural science; on the contrary, it is in the fundamental points that the best combination is found. Religion and natural science are not mutually exclusive as some people believe or fear these days, the two fields are complementary and dependent on each other. The most immediate, compelling proof that religion and natural science are not hostile to each other is the historical fact that even during a thorough and practical discussion of this issue, it was precisely the greatest natural scientists of all times, men like Newton, Kepler, Leibniz, who were imbued with the spirit of this religions of Christianity"

Robert Millikan (1868-1953), American physicist.
Nobel Prize in Physics 1923 "For experiments on the determination of the elementary electric charge and the photoelectric effect"

“I can’t imagine how a real atheist can be a scientist.”

James Jeans (1877-1946), English astrophysicist:
“Primitive cosmogonies pictured the Creator working in time, forging the Sun and Moon and stars from already existing raw material. Modern scientific theory makes us think of the Creator working outside of time and space, which are part of His creation, just as an artist is outside his canvas."

Albert Einstein (1879-1955) - great German-Swiss-American physicist(changed citizenship 2 times)
The author of the special and general theories of relativity, introduced the concept of the photon, discovered the laws of the photoelectric effect, worked on problems of cosmology and unified field theory. According to many outstanding physicists (for example Lev Landau), Einstein is the most significant figure in the history of physics. Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 ""for services to theoretical physics, and especially for the discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"

“The harmony of natural law reveals a Reason so superior to us that, in comparison with it, any systematic thinking and action of human beings turns out to be an extremely insignificant imitation.” “My religion consists of a feeling of humble admiration for the boundless intelligence that manifests itself in the smallest details of that picture of the world ", which we are only able to partially grasp and cognize with our minds. This deep emotional confidence in the highest logical order of the structure of the universe is my idea of God"

“The real problem is the inner state of the soul and thinking of humanity. This is not a physical problem, but an ethical problem. What frightens us is not the explosive power of the atomic bomb, but the power of the bitterness of the human heart, the explosive power for bitterness.”

“In vain, in the face of the catastrophes of the 20th century, many complain: “How did God allow it?”... Yes. He allowed: He allowed our freedom, but did not leave us in the darkness of ignorance. Let the knowledge of good and evil be indicated. And the man himself had to pay for choosing the wrong paths.”

What deep confidence in the rational structure of the world and what a thirst for knowledge of even the smallest reflections of rationality manifested in this world must have been possessed by Kepler and Newton. People of this type draw strength from a cosmic religious feeling. One of our contemporaries said, and not without reason, that in our materialistic age only deeply religious people can be serious scientists."

“Every serious natural scientist must be in some way a religious person. Otherwise, he is not able to imagine that the incredibly subtle interdependencies that he observes were not invented by him. In the infinite universe the activity of an infinitely perfect Mind is revealed. The common idea of me as an atheist is a big misconception. If this idea is drawn from my scientific works, I can say that my scientific works are not understood.”

Max Born (1882-1970), German physicist
One of the creators of quantum mechanics.
Nobel Prize in Physics 1954 "For fundamental research in quantum mechanics"

“Science has left the question of God completely open. Science has no right to judge this.” “Many scientists believe in God. Those who say that studying science makes a person an atheist are probably some funny people."

Arthur Compton (1892-1962), American physicist
Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the Compton effect" (increasing the wavelength of X-rays when scattered by weakly bound electrons)

"For me, Faith begins with the knowledge that the Supreme Mind created the Universe and man. It is not difficult for me to believe in this, because the fact of the existence of a plan and, therefore, Mind is irrefutable. The order in the Universe, which unfolds before our eyes, itself testifies to the truth the greatest and most sublime statement: “In the beginning is God”

Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958), Swiss physicist
One of the creators of quantum mechanics and relativistic quantum field theory
Nobel Prize in Physics 1945 "For the discovery of the Pauli exclusion principle"

“We must also admit that in all paths of knowledge and deliverance we depend on factors beyond our control and which in religious language bear the name of grace.”

Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) German theoretical physicist, one of the creators of quantum mechanics.
Nobel Prize in physics 1932 "For the creation of quantum mechanics." He put forward a hypothesis according to which atomic nuclei should consist of protons and neutrons held together by the forces of nuclear exchange interaction.

“The first sip from the vessel of natural science gives rise to atheism, but at the bottom of the vessel God awaits us.”

Paul Dirac (1902-1984) English physicist, one of the creators of quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and quantum statistics.
Nobel Prize in physics 1933 "For the development of new, promising forms of atomic theory"

"It is a fundamental feature of nature that the most basic physical laws are described by a mathematical theory, the apparatus of which is of extraordinary power and beauty. We must simply accept this as a given. The situation could probably be described by saying that God is a mathematician of a very high rank and that he used mathematics of the highest level in constructing the Universe"

Doctors, biologists about faith

Nikolai Pirogov (1810-1881), professor of medicine, great Russian surgeon

“I consider faith to be the mental ability of man, which more than any other distinguishes him from animals.”

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), French microbiologist and chemist, founder of modern microbiology and immunology

“The day will come when they will laugh at the stupidity of our modern materialistic philosophy. The more I study nature, the more I stand in awe at the works of the Creator. I pray while I work in the laboratory.”

Ivan Pavlov (1849 - 1936) great Russian scientist-physiologist, academician

“I study higher nervous activity and know that all human feelings: joy, grief, sadness, anger, hatred, human thoughts, the very ability to think and reason - are connected, each of them, with a special cell of the human brain and its nerves. And when the body ceases to live, then all these feelings and thoughts of a person, as if torn away from brain cells that have already died, by virtue of the general law that nothing - neither energy nor matter - disappears without a trace and constitutes that soul, the immortal soul that professes the Christian faith."

Alexander Spirin (b. 1931), Russian biologist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, leading Russian specialist in the field of molecular biology:

“I am deeply convinced that by brute force, through evolution, it is impossible to obtain a complex device... this mysterious, I would say, “divine” compound - RNA, the central link of living matter, could not appear as a result of evolution. It either exists or it doesn’t. It is so perfect that it must have been created by some system capable of inventing."

Physicists - our contemporaries about faith

Andrei Sakharov (1921 - 1989) - Russian physicist
Academician, three times Hero of Social Sciences. Labor (1953, 1956, 1962), laureate of the Stalin (1953) and Lenin (1956) prizes.
Maker of the Hydrogen Bomb (1953)

“I don’t know, deep down, what my position really is, I don’t believe in any dogmas, I don’t like official churches. At the same time, I can’t imagine the Universe and human life without some kind of meaningful beginning ", without a source of spiritual "warmth" lying outside matter and its laws. Probably, such a feeling can be called religious"

“My deep feeling. - the existence of some kind of internal meaning in nature. And this feeling, perhaps, is most nourished by the picture that opened up to people in the 20th century.”

Hugh Ross, modern American astronomer:

“In the late 80s and early 90s, several other characteristics of the Universe were successfully measured. Each of them pointed to the existence of an incredible harmony in the Universe that ensures the maintenance of life. Recently, twenty-six characteristics have been discovered that must take on strictly defined values for life to be possible... The list of fine-tuning parameters continues to grow... The more accurately and in detail astronomers measure the Universe, the more finely tuned it turns out... In my opinion In my opinion, the Reality that gave life to the Universe must be a Personality, for only a Personality can create something with such a degree of accuracy. Consider also that this Person must be at least hundreds of trillions of times more “intelligent” than us human beings, even taking into account our potential capabilities.”

Evgeny Velikhov b. 1930
President of the Russian Scientific Center "Kurchatov Institute", academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Hero of socialist labor, laureate of the USSR State Prize, Lenin Prize and State Prize of the Russian Federation.

“It is absolutely clear to me that all human activity is not just mold on the surface of a small globe, that it is somehow determined from above. I have such an understanding and perception of God.”

And this is what Charles Darwin himself, the best friend of atheists of all times and peoples, said:

Charles Darwin (1809-1882), English naturalist. Author of the theory of the origin of species

“In the most extreme state of hesitation, I have never been an atheist in the sense that I denied the existence of God.”

“The idea that the eye arose as a result of evolution seems to me extremely absurd.”

“The impossibility of recognizing that the great and wondrous world with ourselves, as conscious beings, arose by chance, seems to me to be the main proof of the existence of God. The world rests on patterns and in its manifestations is presented as a product of the mind - this is an indication of its Creator.”

Let's also listen to the Nobel laureate, he is also the main atheist of Russia, a 90-year-old fighter for truth in the company of Voltaire, Freud, Marx and Lenin:

Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg (born 1916) Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Nobel Prize in Physics 2003 (for work done in the 1950s together with Lev Landau and Pitaevsky).
Received jointly with the Soviet-American physicist Alexei Abrikosov, who, when asked by a journalist about Ginzburg, answered: “A good popularizer.” The fixing idea of the popularizer at the end of his life was to convince everyone that there is no God, and, accordingly, “hydrogen is a colorless and odorless gas, which, given enough time, can turn into a person” (someone’s quote, I don’t remember). We won’t cite the academician’s atheistic statements, anyway, until Count Tolstoy (who, sensing the end, took spare boots and tramped from Yasnaya Polyana to the Shamordino Monastery ) he is far away. But somehow, having lost his vigilance, the academician said in one interview:

“For example, I even envy believers. I understand that weak people need faith. But I’m also weak in my own way, maybe, but I can’t believe. It would be much easier for me. But I’m 90 years old, which means 89, which means that if I live to 90, I will be 90. My wife is far from a young woman. And she is very bad, I would gladly believe in God, meet somewhere in the next world, and so on. I can’t. It defies reason"

And elsewhere Vitaly Lazarevich states:

“I agree with Pope John Paul II, who in his last encyclical, published in 1998, wrote: “Faith and reason are like two wings on which the human spirit rises to the contemplation of truth.” So science and religion are not at all opposed to each other "(V.L. Ginzburg "Remarks in connection with the encyclical of Pope John Paul II "Faith and Reason").

Let's finish with a quote from Viktor Trostnikov. He cannot be put on a par with those great people whose opinions we have just become acquainted with (although Trostnikov is a candidate and associate professor and the author of 20 works on mathematical logic). For the book “Thoughts Before Dawn,” which was published in Paris in 1980, Viktor Trostnikov was expelled from teaching and worked as a janitor.

“In our study of matter, we have already reached the point where the assumption of its substantiality (self-sufficiency) becomes a brake on further progress. To paraphrase Marx’s Manifesto, we can say that a ghost is haunting the entire field of scientific research - the ghost of the Creator. The latest material makes it increasingly obvious that there could be no “by itself”, that Someone at a certain moment created the universe out of nothing (the “big bang” of theoretical cosmogony and the “relict radiation” of observational astronomy), endowed it with certain properties that contributed to the achievement of certain goals (the "anthropic principle" of physics) and directed it towards this goal, imparting to it the corresponding impulses ("creationism" of biology).And you imagine that, running out onto the road along which a mass of scientists have gone, and spreading your arms, you will stop them and will you turn back to atheism?
Several years ago, my (Trostnikov’s) old friend, one of the greatest mathematicians of our time, asked me to take him to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Knowing about his materialistic upbringing, I expressed surprise. Lowering his voice, the academician told me: “I’m not stupid enough to be an atheist.”

All quotes given are given without references to sources and therefore cannot be considered at all convincing.
These quotes (and others), provided with links to the original source, are given in the book by Sergei Bantser

Isaac Newton(1643-1727), physicist and mathematician: “The Bible contains more signs of reliability than all secular story".

“The wonderful structure of the cosmos and the harmony in it can only be explained by the fact that the cosmos was created according to the plan of an omniscient and omnipotent being. This is my first and last word.”

Astronomer Herschel: “The more the field of science expands, the more evidence there is of the existence of the Eternal Creative and Almighty Mind.”

Astronomer Madler: “Whoever does not want to see anything other than chance in this harmony, which is revealed with such obviousness in the structure of the starry sky, must attribute Divine wisdom to this chance.”

Astronomer Watson: “The study of the wondrous mechanism of the starry sky excites and strengthens in us wonder at the infinite perfection of the Almighty and Living God.”

Johannes Kepler, the greatest astronomer, physicist and mathematician who discovered the laws of planetary motion in the solar system: “Before leaving this table, at which I completed all my research, I can only thank the Creator of the Universe for His mercy towards me! I thank You for all the joys that I experienced in contemplating Your deeds!”

Flammarion Camille, famous astronomer who explored the Moon, Mars, double stars: “Oh, the Supreme Creator of all harmony and beauty! Who and what are You, if Your deeds are so great? And what name should I give to those who deny You, who do not live in the thought of You, who have never felt Your presence?”
“The mathematical order of the astronomical organization (the Universe) owes its origin to Reason.”

Great physicist, astronomer and mechanic Galileo Galilei- the discoverer of the laws of inertia and free fall of bodies, the inventor of the telescope, discovered the mountains on the Moon, 4 satellites of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, says: “In the actions of nature, the Lord God appears to us in an image no less worthy of admiration than in the divine verses of Scripture.” “Holy Scripture can never err or be mistaken. Scripture itself can never be mistaken, because in many places it not only allows, but requires interpretation that departs from the direct literal meaning.”

The greatest physicist, astrophysicist and cosmologist of the 20th century Gina says: “Primitive cosmogonies pictured the Creator working in time, forging the Sun and Moon and stars from already existing raw material. Modern scientific theory makes us think of the Creator working outside of time and space, which are part of His creation, just as an artist is outside his canvas.”

Grave inscription on the grave of an Italian astronomer Angelo Secchi says: “From the sight of the sky is a short path to God.”

The greatest physicist of the 20th century Arthur Compton, Nobel Prize winner, says: “Faith begins with the knowledge that a Supreme Intelligence created the Universe and man. It is not difficult for me to believe this, because the fact of the existence of a plan and, therefore, Reason is irrefutable. The order of the Universe, which unfolds before our eyes, itself testifies to the truth of the greatest and most sublime statement: “In the beginning is God.”

Famous naturalist biologist of the 18th century Carl Linnaeus, the founder of the system of flora and fauna (he also described about 1,500 species of plants) testified: “Here and there I noticed traces of Him in His creations. In all His deeds, even the smallest and most imperceptible ones - what strength, what wisdom, what unimaginable perfection! I observed how animate beings follow each other in an unbroken chain, adjoining the plant kingdom, plants adhere to the mineral kingdom, extending into the interior of the globe, while this globe circles in an unchanging order around the Sun, which gives it life. Finally, I saw the Sun and all the other luminaries, the entire star system, endless, innumerable in its immensity, moving in space, suspended in the midst of eternal emptiness. So, it is fair to believe that there is a God, Great and Eternal, who created this universal matter and established order in it.”

According to the testimony of the great Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov: “The Creator gave the human race two books. In one he showed His greatness; in the other - His will. The first is this visible world, created by Him, so that man, looking at the enormity, beauty and harmony of its buildings, would recognize the Divine omnipotence, by faith of the concept given to himself. The second book is Holy Scripture. It shows the Creator’s blessing to our salvation.”

“The purpose of science is to incessantly preach the creative power, wisdom and majesty of God”

Andre Ampere(1775-1836), French physicist and mathematician, discoverer of the fundamental law of electrodynamics, said: “In nature we can observe the works of the Creator and from them rise in knowledge to the Creator.”

“The most convincing proof of the existence of God is the harmony of means by which order is maintained in the universe; thanks to this order, living beings find in their bodies everything necessary for the development and reproduction of their physical and spiritual abilities.”

Major naturalist of the 19th century Agassiz: “Science is the translation of the Creator’s thoughts into human language.” “The world is the most visual proof of the existence of a personal God, the Creator of all things and the Provider of the world.”

Chemist Liebig, one of the creators of agrochemistry, writes: “Knowledge of nature is the path to reverence for the Creator.”

Famous naturalist Wallace testified: “The Universe now appears to be such an overwhelmingly complex mechanism that it inspires most minds with the idea of the existence of a Supreme Intelligent Power - God, penetrating everywhere and supporting it.”

One of the world's greatest mathematicians - Cauchy, who made an enormous contribution to the theory of analytic functions, the theory of differential equations, mathematical physics, number theory, geometry, and the author of classical courses in mathematical analysis, wrote: “I am a Christian, that is, I believe in the Divinity of Jesus Christ, as (and) Tycho de Brahe, Copernicus, Descartes, Newton, Fermat, Leibniz, Pascal, Grimaldi, Euler and others; like all the great astronomers, physicists and mathematicians of past centuries.”

Famous physicist-inventor Thomas Edison(invented the light bulb and much, much more) in a conversation with one correspondent, when asked about expediency in the world of atoms, he gave the following answer: “Do you really think that this is happening without any meaning? Atoms in a harmonious and beneficial combination take on beautiful and interesting shapes and colors, as if expressing their pleasure. In illness, death, decomposition or decay - the discord of the constituent atoms immediately makes itself felt by bad odors. Atoms united in known forms form animals of the lower orders. Finally, they are united in a person, who represents a complete harmony of meaningful atoms. - But where is the original source of this meaningfulness? - In some Power above ourselves. - So, you believe in the Creator, in God? “Of course,” Edison replied, “the existence of God can even be proven chemically.”

Discoverer of radioactivity Henri Becquerel testified: “It was my work that led me to God, to faith.”

Once upon a time an eminent scientist Michael Faraday(discovered the law of electromagnetic induction), reading the Holy Bible, said: “I am amazed why people prefer to wander in the unknown on many important issues, when God gave them such a wonderful book of Revelation?”

Great physicist Thomson(opened the electron): “Don't be afraid to be independent thinkers! If you think strongly enough, you will inevitably be led by science to belief in God, which is the basis of religion. You will see that science is not an enemy, but a helper of religion.”

Famous scientist, physicist and mathematician Stoke: “As for the claim that recent scientific research has shown that the Bible and religion are false, I will answer this directly: this view is completely false! I do not know of any sound conclusions of science that would contradict the Christian religion.”

Physicist and chemist Ramsay, Nobel Prize winner (discovered argon, krypton, xenon, neon): “In my opinion there is no real conflict between the facts of science and the essential teachings of Christianity.”

Entomologist Fabre(author of the ten-volume publication “Entomological Memoirs”, 1879-1907) left the following testimony about his faith in God: “The world is controlled by infinite Reason. The more I observe, the more I discover this Mind shining behind the mystery of existence. I know that they will laugh at me, but I don’t care much about it; it’s easier to tear off my skin than to take away my faith in God. God... I don’t have to believe in Him - I see Him.”

Mathematician, physicist, philosopher, discoverer of the fundamental law of hydrostatics, one of the founders of mathematical analysis Blaise Pascal(1623-1662, this scientist is considered one of the three most outstanding mathematicians in the history of mankind for the flexibility and insight of his mind) said:

“Only God can fill the vacuum in the heart of every person. Nothing created by man can fill this vacuum. Only God, whom we know through Jesus Christ, fills this void. Knowing God without knowing our sinfulness leads to pride. Knowing your sinfulness without knowing God leads to despair. Knowing Jesus Christ leads us to the right path, since in Him we find God and our sinfulness.”

“There are three categories of people: some have found God and serve Him - these people are reasonable and happy. Others have not found and are not looking for Him - these are mad and unhappy. Still others have not found it, but are looking for Him - these are reasonable people, but are still unhappy.”

English physicist Rayleigh- one of the founders of the theory of oscillations, author of fundamental works on molecular scattering of light, acoustics and the law of black body radiation, Nobel Prize winner: “Many extraordinary people do not want to know anything about natural science, because it supposedly leads to materialism. That such fears might exist is not surprising: there are many advocates of science in the literature who have made a business out of spreading such views. There is no doubt, of course, that representatives of science, like all other people, may have crude concepts on higher issues and the foundations of nature. But so that the religious and philosophical beliefs that Newton and Faraday lived by diverge from the spirit of science. Maxwell, this, of course, is a position that I do not consider it necessary to refute.”

Great physicist Reynolds— a researcher of fluid flow and turbulence believes: “As a result of scientific research in recent years, I do not see anything that would make me doubt the direct revelation of God to people at different times; and Christianity is based on this faith.”

English botanist Brown(discovered the Brownian movement known from the school physics course): “Knowledge of God in the world is the first movement of the mind awakening from the vanity of life.”

American geologist Hall left a clear testimony about the relationship between science and religion: “Since the Bible was not written with the goal of teaching people natural history and physical sciences, but was originally intended for residents of eastern countries unfamiliar with the results of modern research, its language, when presenting subjects of natural knowledge such as it must be in order to be consistent with the concepts inherent in those to whom the speech is addressed. It was left to the human mind and experience of subsequent centuries to achieve such results of modern research. The Bible and science therefore move on parallel lines. The subjects open to the investigation of the human mind are left to its vision, while the Bible treats the moral and spiritual aspects of human nature, which the mind is unable to discover without outside help. As for the truth and reliability of the historical books of the Holy Scriptures, daily discoveries tend to confirm them. Recent research in Egypt, Palestine and other Eastern countries has shown the extent to which, even in small details, the documents of the Old Testament can be accepted with deep confidence. The fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies in the person of our Lord Jesus Christ, prophecies uttered centuries before His appearance, as well as those prophecies that relate to the destinies of nations - especially the Jewish one - is convincing proof that these prophecies were uttered under the influence of the Divine inspiration.
At the same time, the highly moral teaching of the Bible is incompatible with the idea that prophecies could come from those who resorted to deception. The teaching of our Lord and His apostles bears in itself the imprint of divine truth.”

Biologist Schleiden, one of the founders of the cellular theory of the structure of living organisms: “A true and accurate naturalist can never become a materialist and deny the soul, freedom and God.”

One of the founders of electrochemistry, physicist and chemist Humphry Davy in his essay “The Last Days of a Natural Scientist,” he devotes several pages to the proof of immortality: “The teaching of materialists has always, even in my youth, been disgusting to me. Having listened ad nauseam in lecture halls to the speeches of evolutionary physiologists about the gradual development of matter to the point of being animated by its own power and even about its development to the point of being a rational being, I used to go into the green fields and groves along the river bank - to nature, which silently turned my heart to God; I saw in all powers the instruments of the Divine... New ideas and endless hopes then arose in my soul, and I felt a thirst for immortality. These sentiments are, of course, usually relegated to the realm of poetry, but I think that they contain a healthy philosophical basis for belief in immortality.”

Great Louis Pasteur(1822-1895), the father of modern microbiology and immunology, said: “I have studied a lot and therefore I believe like a simple peasant. If I became even more learned, my faith would become as deep and ardent as the faith of a simple peasant woman.” “The more I study nature, the more I stop in awe at the works of the Creator. I pray while I work in the laboratory.”

Charles Darwin(1809-1882), the founder of the evolutionary doctrine, who doubted it all his life: “To explain the origin of life on earth only by chance is as if they explained the origin of the dictionary by an explosion in the printing house... The impossibility of recognizing that the great and wondrous world is with us ourselves, as conscious beings, arose by chance, seems to me the most important proof of the existence of God. The world rests on patterns and in its manifestations appears as a product of the mind - this points to its Creator.”

N.I. Pirogov(1810-1881), the great Russian surgeon and anatomist: “I became a sincere believer, without losing any of my scientific, thought and experience-acquired convictions.”

The greatest scientist of our time, Max Planck, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918 (1858-1947), professor of physics at the University of Berlin, founder of quantum theory: “Wherever we turn our gaze, whatever the subject of our observation, we nowhere find a contradiction between science and religion ; we rather state their absolute harmony in the main points, especially in the field of natural science. Both religion and science ultimately seek the truth and come to the confession of God. Religion glorifies God at the beginning, science at the end of all thoughts. The first represents Him as the basis, the second - as the end of every phenomenal representation of the world."

Albert Einstein(1879-1955), the greatest theoretical physicist of the 20th century, one of the founders of modern physics, author of the special and general theory of relativity, introduced the concept of the photon, discovered the laws of the photoelectric effect, worked on problems of cosmology and unified field theory, Nobel Prize laureate - this is what he says about his attitude to religion: “Every serious natural scientist must be in some way a religious person. Otherwise, he is not able to imagine that the incredibly subtle interdependencies that he observes were not invented by him. In the infinite universe the activity of an infinitely perfect Mind is revealed. The common idea of me as an atheist is a big misconception. If this idea is drawn from my scientific works, I can say that my works are not understood... In vain, in the face of the catastrophes of the 20th century, many complain: “How did God allow it?” Yes, He allowed: He allowed our freedom, but did not leave us in the darkness of ignorance. The path to knowledge of good and evil is indicated. And the person himself had to pay for choosing the wrong paths.” “...While still a young student, I decisively rejected the views of Darwin, Haeckel and Huxley, as views that were helplessly outdated.”

Niels Bohr(1885-1962) physicist, creator of the first quantum theory of the atom, developer of the foundations of quantum mechanics: “It is not our business to prescribe to God how he should manage this world.”

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev(1834-1907), world-famous chemist: “There is only one truth. One can hardly find it on the path of atheism. Our people understood the benefits of spreading true enlightenment precisely from the time of the introduction of Christianity.”

Wernher von Braun(1912-1977), physicist, one of the founders of astronautics, head of the American space program: “I cannot understand a scientist who would not recognize the Supreme Mind in the entire system of the universe, just as I could not understand a theologian who would deny the progress of science . Religion and science are sisters."

From a lecture by a neurophysiologist John Eccles(b. 1903) when he received the Nobel Prize: “I am forced to think that there is something like a supernatural origin of my unique, self-conscious spirit and my unique soul ... The idea of \u200b\u200bsupernatural creation helps me avoid the obviously absurd conclusion about the genetic origin of my unique self "".

Andrey Dmitrievich Sakharov, physicist: “I cannot imagine the Universe and human life without some kind of meaningful principle, without a source of spiritual “warmth” that lies outside matter and its laws. Probably, such a feeling can be called religious.”

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, the famous paleontologist who occupied the department of geology at the Paris Institute, writes: “Science and religion are two complementary sides of the same cognitive act, the only act that can embrace the knowledge of the Supreme.”

Geologist Marcius testifies: “The Lord, before whose wisdom and truth I revere, created us from matter and spirit... Yes, what no eye has seen, and no ear has heard, and what has never entered into any human heart - this is the bliss that I I hope when I leave my body.”

Famous geologist Lyell: “No matter what direction we carry out our research, everywhere we discover the clearest evidence of the creative Supreme Mind and the action of the All-Wise Providence of God in nature.”

One of the world's greatest mathematicians Euler: “The Bible loses nothing from the objections of unbelievers, just like geometry, to which there are also objections. If there are people who want to object even to geometry, then by what right can unbelievers demand that we immediately and completely reject Holy Scripture due to objections to it, which, moreover, are often far from as important as those made against geometry?

John Reinio(1849-1931), professor of botany at the University of Göttingen, who was awarded the title of Honoris Causa by the University of Bonn for his theological knowledge, and the same title by the University of Cologne for his medical works, left a note: “Our heart cannot find peace until it rests in God." These words of the great theologian, thinker and philosopher St. Augustine, one of the deepest experts on the human heart, are important for every thinker, for they express the final conclusion of countless people, learned and unlearned, struggling with doubts regarding the existence of God. I, a natural scientist, cannot deny God; on the contrary, I see Him in all manifestations of nature so much that for me all nature seems to breathe the Divine.”

Peter Termier(1859-1950) - a famous professor of geology at the Mining Institute, a member of the French Academy of Sciences, professed his faith in the famous works “The Joy of Knowing” and “The Calling of a Scientist.” In them he says: “The sciences in their totality predispose the mind to the knowledge of the existence of God, the existence of the soul, the moral law and our destiny in superhuman destiny. In this sense, we can say that the physical world - nature - is a mystery of God.”

Samuel Morse(1791-1872), American inventor and artist, creator of the wire telegraph and Morse code, which is still used in radio communications today. “Born in the family of the famous geographer, Congregational minister Jedediah Morse (1761-1826).” That is, as we see, Morse Sr. successfully combined science with religion. Morse Jr., as a professor of painting and sculpture, became interested in the possibility of creating electrical communications in the 1930s. After much experimentation, on May 24, 1844, he sent the first telegraph message: “Wonderful are your works, Lord!” along a line stretching from Baltimore to Washington. Having received 400,000 francs from ten European states for his invention, he bought an estate near New York, and spent the rest of his life there among his children and grandchildren, patronizing schools, churches and poor artists.

Rauschenbakh Boris Viktorovich(1915-2001) - Soviet scientist in the field of mechanics and control processes, one of the founders of Russian cosmonautics, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
“...I note that more and more often people are thinking: is it not time for a synthesis of two systems of knowledge, religious and scientific? Although I would not separate the religious and scientific worldviews, but would take it more broadly—the logical, including the scientific, and the extra-logical, which includes not only religion, but also art: different facets of the worldview. If we talk roughly, very roughly, then we can say that they do not depend on each other. One half of the brain deals with the logical part of cognition, the other with the extra-logical...
This is a very rough diagram. I wouldn’t like to dissect a person like that: here is the left, here is the right, and they are completely unrelated. In fact, a person is a kind of unity, and he is characterized by a holistic understanding of the world. Both parts are equally important, equally, so to speak, complement each other...
The inaccuracy of such a division is proven, for example, by the following: I have already said that mathematics is beautiful, but, on the other hand, religion is logic... The existence of logically strict theology along with deeply intimate religious experience and the beauty of dry mathematical proofs indicate that In fact, there is no gap, there is a holistic perception of the world"

Max Born(1882-1970) physicist, mathematician, one of the creators of quantum mechanics: “Many scientists believe in God. Those who say that studying science makes a person an atheist are probably some kind of funny people.”

Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky(1889-1972) - Russian scientist, designer and inventor. Before the First World War, he created the heavy bomber Ilya Muromets. In 1918 he was forced to emigrate to the USA. In the 20s and 30s he worked on seaplanes, and in the early 40s he became a pioneer in helicopter construction. His theological works are well known, for example “Our Father. Reflections on the Lord's Prayer." He took part in the construction of an Orthodox church in Connecticut, the Jordanville Monastery... He was entrusted with giving a speech to other emigrants from Russia in honor of the 950th anniversary of the Baptism of Rus'.

In our time, only ignorant people or those who propagate it for unscrupulous, vicious purposes can claim that faith in God is the result of ignorance.