Relic hominid 4. Relic hominid
In fact, everything is much simpler. The fact is that the Neanderthals probably did not die out completely, although they were ousted from the territories of compact residence of the Cro-Magnons. Some cryptozoologists suggest that Neanderthals are today known as relic hominids, often called "bigfoot", "yeti", "bigfoot", "troglodytes", etc., and, as in antiquity, today they live in all corners of the earth. The visual contacts of these anthropoid monsters with people are very frequent, they are seen and encountered constantly. On African continent there are whole tribes of hairy people, almost devoid of speech, who are well known to the locals. In Tennessee, in the foothills of the Appalachians, locals even feed "bigfoot". A lot of data about them comes from the Asia-Pacific region and Indo-China.
Basically, "yetis" steal food, climbing at night to plantations, gardens and orchards. But there are cases of abductions of human women and children by "snow people". In Kashmir, in the Narang region, "wanmanas" (monkey people) often steal young girls to start a family. Moreover, after the girls are subjected to sexual abuse they change a lot mentally. After that, they do not leave their rapist, and even, being returned to native home, strive to escape back to their roommate in the forest or cave. The fact that "snow people" have developed psychosensory adaptations has been noticed for a long time. There are cases of abductions even of adult men.
Relic hominids were repeatedly caught, but as a rule, thanks to their remarkable strength, as eyewitnesses said - "steel muscles", they managed to escape. Some were simply released. By numerous descriptions contacts with relic hominids, we have more detailed descriptions of who the Neanderthals are and what their offspring are like when they are crossed with humans.
Photo of a mysterious exhibit shown at the fair in Bourganef
in France a few years ago. Russian and French hominologists
consider him to be a real frozen corpse of "Bigfoot".
Currently, under pressure from official scientific circles, hominology has been elevated to the rank of non-scientific disciplines and classified as cryptozoology, i.e., near-science fiction. All serious research related to Bigfoot is either tabooed or disinformed and discredited. It would be foolish to think that not a single such creature has yet been caught and comprehensively studied. Certainly caught and investigated. There is reason to suspect that after all the classified analyzes, details have come to light that should not be widely publicized. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the publication of scientific results can exacerbate racial contradictions between peoples, since the theory of the origin of races will be explained, and by no means in favor of their equality. If it turns out, and moreover, it is scientifically substantiated that the human race is heterogeneous and among it there are ethnic groups, some of which are genetically close to Neanderthal types, while others are not, then the descendants of the Neanderthals will, of course, try by all means to hide the results of studies that reveal them true origin. They will be interested in maintaining the myth that all humans evolved from great apes and that these apes did not maintain their population in the same form. That is why all the "exhibits" of the frozen corpses of "Bigfoot" quickly disappear after their appearance in public, and sometimes their owners themselves disappear without a trace. There is reason to believe that not the Cro-Magnon, but precisely the Neanderthaloid type of man, that is, the distant descendants of the Neanderthals mixed with the Cro-Magnons, have seized the bulk of the leading positions in science and politics and filter information in all areas of scientific knowledge.
Soviet anthropologist prof. BF Porshnev described in detail the case of the capture and maintenance of a relic female hominid that took place in Abkhazia. In his book "The Fight for Troglodytes" the scientist wrote:
"The date and place of her capture are obscure. According to one version, she was caught in the mountain forests of Zaadan, according to another - near the sea coast of the current Ochamchira region or even further south - in present-day Adjara ... Perhaps she was resold before she was in the ownership of the possessive prince D.M. 78 km from Sukhumi...
The skin of the abnahuayu was black or dark gray, her whole body from head to toe, and especially in the lower part, was covered with black-reddish hair, they were in places the length of the width of the palm, but not very thick. At the feet, the hair was almost gone. The palms were completely hairless. On the face they were very rare, small. On the other hand, on his head, like a hat, rose a disorderly, matted mop of completely black, coarse, shiny hair, falling like a mane down to his shoulders and back.
As everyone abnauayu (as the Abkhazians called these relic hominids, - approx. auth.), Zana did not have a human speech ... She could only mutter, make inarticulate sounds, and in annoyance - indistinct cries. Her hearing was acute, she went to her name, carried out some commands of the owner, was afraid of his shouts.
Abnauayu was very tall, massive, wide. exorbitantly big breasts. High fat ass. Muscular arms and legs, but the shin from the knee to the ankle was a strange shape - without any thickening in the middle. The fingers on the hands were thicker and longer than human ones. On the feet, the toes had the ability to move apart widely ... the big toe was especially moved away.
The most important thing that Zan managed to teach: she could carve fire from flint to tinder-lichen and inflate it - it was like innate knocking stone on stone. But beyond that labor education, in fact, did not work. She was only trained to follow simple orders with a word or gesture: turn hand millstones, bring firewood or water from a source in a jug, take it to a water mill to the river and bring bags from there, take off the owner's boots. That's all ... As you can see, Zana did not become a person.
But she became the mother of people, and this is the most amazing side of her story. important for genetics. Repeatedly Neanderthal woman got pregnant from various men and gave birth. She gave birth without any help. Carried to rinse the newborn in water, even if it was ice cold. But the mestizos could not stand this forest ablution and perished. Later, people began to take the newborns from Zana in time and feed them.
And then a miracle happened four times: two sons and two daughters of Zana grew up as people - complete people with speech and reason, although possessing physical and mental oddities, but still quite capable of work and public life. The eldest son was named Janda, eldest daughter- Kojanar, second daughter - Gamasa (died forty years ago), younger son Khvit (died 1954). All of them, in turn, had offspring that settled in different places of Abkhazia. Two of Zana's grandchildren - Khvit's son and daughter from his second marriage to a Russian - I visited in 1964 in Tkvarcheli, where they work at the mine. Rumor claims that the father of Gamasa and Khvit was Edgi Genaba himself. But they were recorded during the census under a different surname. It is significant that Zana was buried in the family cemetery of the Genaba family, that these two of her younger children were raised by the wife of Edgi Genaba.
Many inhabitants of those places remember well and describe Gamas and Khvit. Both of them were people of powerful build, with darkish skin and some other, as it were, Negroid features. But they inherited almost nothing from Zana from Neanderthal traits: the complex turned out to be dominant human signs, he suppressed another line of heredity. They were by no means hybrids. Khvit, who died at the age of 65-70, is described by fellow villagers as a person with only minor deviations from the norm. With dark skin and large lips, the hair, unlike the Negroid race, was straight and coarse. The head is small in relation to the size of the body. Hit beyond measure was endowed physical strength, but in a disobedient, pugnacious, violent disposition. As a result of skirmishes with fellow villagers, Khvit's right hand. However, the left was enough for him to mow, to cope with collective farm work, even to climb trees. He had a high voice and sang well. He was married twice and left three children. In old age, he moved from the countryside to Tkvarcheli, where he died, and they brought him back to Tkhina to bury him and buried him near the grave of his mother Zana.
Gamas, according to the stories, also, like her brother, was twice stronger than people. Her skin was very dark, her body was hairy. The face was hairless, but there was growth around the mouth. Gamasa lived to the age of sixty.
From my first glance at the grandson and granddaughter of Zana - Shalikua and Taya - the impression of a slight darkness of the skin, a very softened Negroid appearance, cut into me. Shalikua has unusually strong jaw muscles, he is famous for: he can hold a chair with a seated person in his teeth and dance at the same time. Shalikua is endowed with the gift of imitating the voices of all wild and domestic animals."
Direct descendants of Zana: 1 - daughter Natalya; 2, 3, 4 - grandchildren - Raisa, Shaliko,
Tatyana (Khvit's children); 5 - great-grandson Robert (son of Raisa)
In this description, the anthropological details of Zana's offspring from people are very interesting. Despite the assurances of Prof. Porshnev that the children and grandchildren of Zana were supposedly not hybrids and almost no different from people, we see that they inherited the signs that the scientist himself calls "Negroid". In addition, there are various psycho-physical anomalies, they were barely capable of socially useful work. At the same time, the process of sapientation (humanization) progresses as generations move away from Zana.
Longer arms, short neck and massive lower jaw, relatively short hips, with thick hair all over the body - black, red, white or gray. faces dark color. The hair on the head is longer than on the body. The mustache and beard are very sparse and short. They are good at climbing trees. It has been suggested that mountain populations of snow people live in caves, forest people build nests on tree branches. Carl Linnaeus labeled it as Homo troglodytes(caveman). "Eyewitnesses" [ ] described encounters with specimens of various heights, from the average human to 3 m or more.
Bigfoot drawing.
Ideas about Bigfoot and its various local counterparts are very interesting from the point of view of ethnography. The image of a huge scary person may reflect innate fears of the dark, the unknown, relationships with mystical forces from different peoples. It is possible that in some cases Bigfoot people with unnatural hair or feral people were accepted.
Existence
Most modern scientists are skeptical about the possibility of the existence of Bigfoot.
I, at least, do not know the laws of nature that would impose a direct ban on the existence in the mountains Central Asia relic hominoid - "ape-man", or simply a large great ape. It must be assumed that, contrary to its name, it is not connected with eternal snows in any way (except that it sometimes leaves traces there), but should live in the belt of mountain forests, where there is enough food and shelters. It is clear that any reports about the North American "bigfoot" can be thrown away without reading with a clear conscience (because there are no and never have been any species of primates on that continent, and in order to get there from Asia through the polar Beringia, as people did, you must at least have fire), but in the Himalayas or the Pamirs - why not? There are even quite plausible candidates for this role, for example, megantrop - a very large (about two meters tall) fossil ape from South Asia, which had a number of "human" features that bring it closer to African Australopithecus, the direct ancestors of hominids […]
So, do I admit (as a professional zoologist) the fundamental possibility of the existence of a relic hominoid? - answer: "Yes". Do I believe in its existence? - answer: "No". And since we are talking here not about “I know / I don’t know”, but about “I believe / I don’t believe”, I will allow myself to express a completely subjective judgment on this subject, based personal experience: […] where a professional's foot once set foot, not a single animal larger than a rat has any single chance remain "unknown to science". Well, since by the end of the twentieth century there were no more places where that professional foot would not have set foot at all (at least on land) - draw your own conclusions ...
Currently, there is not a single representative of the species living in captivity, not a single skeleton or skins. However, there are allegedly hair, footprints and dozens of photographs, videos (poor quality) and audio recordings. The reliability of this evidence is in doubt. For a long time one of the most compelling pieces of evidence was a short film made by Roger Patterson and Bob Gimlin in 1967 in Northern California. The film was said to be of a female Bigfoot. However, in 2002, after the death of Ray Wallace, for whom this shooting was made, there were testimonies of his relatives and acquaintances who said (however, without presenting any physical evidence) that the whole story with the "American Yeti" was from the beginning to the end is rigged; forty-centimeter "Yeti footprints" were made by artificial forms, and the filming was a staged episode with a man in a specially tailored monkey suit.
However, it should be noted that Patterson's film aroused genuine interest from National Geographic Channel researchers. In "Reality or Fiction" (aired in December 2010), an attempt was made to study and investigate Patterson's film in terms of the possibility of its falsification. Experienced make-up artists, a tall actor imitating a gait, special effects specialists and scientists were involved as experts. The appearance of the creature in the film was evaluated, its hair adjacent to the muscles, the proportions of the limbs, the dynamics of movement, the shooting distance was taken into account, etc. As a result, according to the unanimous opinion of the involved experts, even modern level development of the media industry and video effects, not to mention the level of 1967, it is almost impossible to achieve such a degree of realism of the Bigfoot story [ ] .
On the Discovery Channel in the series Best Evidence (episode "Bigfoot", 2007), a more balanced and critical, scientific look at the problem of the existence of Bigfoot is given. Reproduced in laboratory conditions the basic elements of "Patty's" gait and experts were inclined to believe that this is a man in a suit.
On the other hand, from enthusiasts of this topic one can hear accusations against "official science" that its representatives simply brush aside the available evidence. Here is a typical text of this kind:
In fact, those who say “no reason” simply do not even want to get acquainted with what “dug up” by enthusiastic researchers. “We hear a lot of examples of this in history.” I will give only two. When the Canadian Rene Dahinden brought us a copy of the film shot by Patterson in 1967 at the end of 1971, I personally approached the then director of the Institute of Anthropology of Moscow State University V.P. would recoil from the proposal, and said; "No! No need!" But this did not prevent him from declaring that there were no grounds ...
And when at the international symposium, which he (Yakimov) chaired, Professor Astanin went to the podium to present to the audience the materials of the anatomical study of the yeti hand from the Pangboche monastery (Tibet), Yakimov did not let him speak and drove him from the podium in violation of the democratic traditions of such forums - to the protesting exclamations of the participants ... As a result, some of them left the symposium session.
And a recent example: when I arrived from the USA after a five-week “investigation” of events at the Carter farm in the fall of 2004, where, according to the owner, the Bigfoot clan lived, and offered to speak and talk about the results in the anthropology department of the Institute of Ethnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, its head. S. Vasiliev declined under the pretext of being busy with other issues.
At the same time, when there was a fuss in the press about the existence of a “snowman” in the mountains of Shoria (south of the Kemerovo region), the same Vasiliev stated without hesitation: “Alas, we do not have data on the existence of humanoids, anywhere in the world"…
I. D. Burtsev, cand. ist. Sciences, Director International Center hominology, Moscow.The Soviet scientist paid great attention to the topic of Bigfoot B. F. Porshnev.
genetic research
In 2013, a report by Prof. genetics Oxford University Brian Sykes. According to the analysis of two hair samples - from the western region of the Himalayas and from Bhutan - it turned out that the DNA samples are completely identical to the DNA of the ancient polar bear, which existed more than 40 thousand years ago and was closely related to brown bear.
In 2014, another study was published in which 36 alleged yeti samples were sequenced. 34 samples belonged to well-known animals (cows, horses, raccoons, humans, deer, wolves, Malayan tapir), two samples from Ladakh and Bhutan were closest to the subspecies extinct 40 thousand years ago polar bear (Ursus maritimus ) .
Commission of the Academy of Sciences for the Study of the Question of the Bigfoot
Society of Cryptozoologists
Versions
Yeti on postage stamp Kyrgyzstan. 2016
Russian biologist Vladimir Vitalyev suggested in 2004 that the Yetis were feral. oligophrenics.
Opponents of the version of the existence of Bigfoot, which include most of the professional biologists And anthropologists [ ] , indicate the absence of unequivocal evidence (living individuals or their remains, high-quality photographs and videos) and the possibility of arbitrary interpretation of the available evidence. There are frequent references to a well-known biological fact: the long-term existence of a population requires a minimum number of about hundreds of individuals, whose vital activity, according to critics, simply cannot be imperceptible and leave numerous traces. The explanations put forward for the evidence generally boil down to the following set of versions:
This version partly coincides with the results of the genetic examination given above, and poor Tibetans themselves will not refute such a reliable source of income under any circumstances.... in the Pamirs, the most dangerous animal is the bear, which, as E. M. Murzaev proved, the Central Asian peoples called "snow man" and, like the peoples of Siberia, attributed to him a consciousness even higher than that of a person. However, he was not considered a man ... and in the II century. BC e. confusion due to literal translation there was no metaphor.
see also
Notes
- Migdal A. B. From conjecture to truth // Chemistry and life. - 1979. - № 12 .
- Eskov K. Yu. "Crypto, sir!" // Computerra. - 13.03.2007. - No. 10 (678) . - S. 36-39.
- Patterson film Archived December 8, 2011.
- Porshnev B.F. The current state of the issue of relic hominoids. - M.: VINITI , 1963
- Hill, Matthew (December 27, 2011). "Tracing the origins of a "yeti's finger"". BBC News Online.
- Jennifer Cockerell. Has the Yeti mystery been solved? New research finds "Bigfoot" DNA matches rare polar bear (indefinite) . The Independent(October 17, 2013). Retrieved October 17, 2013.
- Bryan C. Sykes, Rhettman A. Mullis, Christophe Hagenmuller, Terry W. Melton, Michel Sartori Genetic analysis of hair samples attributed to yeti, bigfoot and other anomalous primates Proc. R. Soc B 2014 281, 20140161, published 2 July 2014
40 years ago, in the works of the famous ufologist F.Yu. Siegel, an amazing idea arose that life was brought to Earth in the form of information forms-holograms that acted in certain direction to earth evolution. This amazing hypothesis gave a new impetus to cryptobiology (from the Greek "cryptos" - hidden).
The birth of cryptobiology
This branch of biology is looking for mythical creatures found in unconfirmed expedition reports, urban legends, and other unconventional sources of information.
The task of cryptobiology is to extract rational grains from myths, legends and, having deciphered, transfer objects either to the sphere of activity of zoology and botany, or leave them to mythology. These data are especially important for biology, if the "traces" of creatures are preserved only in myths. Cryptobiology is a frontier science, at the intersection of different disciplines. While it is difficult to outline the entire scope of its activities, but it is possible to outline the main directions.
Cryptopaleontology - one of the branches of cryptobiology - often uses scientific data indicating that many living creatures could easily withstand an evolutionary marathon of hundreds of millions of years and live to this day. In fact, our world is full of such living fossils as insects, amphibians, and some fish.
IN Lately cryptozoologists unexpectedly received powerful theoretical support from evolutionary geneticists, who started talking seriously about a “parallel biosphere”, unusual types of mutagenesis, and the presence of real “space aliens” among us.
Lost worlds
Interest in the mysterious "antediluvian" animals and plants that have survived to this day arose at the beginning of the last century and was largely associated with the appearance of such scientific and artistic books as Jules Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth, Arthur's Lost World Conan Doyle, "Plutonia" and "Sannikov Land" by Vladimir Obruchev.
The basis for these first "cryptobiological" works was expeditions to hard-to-reach areas. South America, Africa, Central and South-East Asia. For example, the plot of The Lost World was suggested to Conan Doyle by his friend Major Fossett, who traveled a lot in the upper reaches of the Amazon. There, his expedition met many amazing animals and plants - a 19-meter anaconda, a giant black jaguar and "forest people" living in the Stone Age.
The Roraima Plateau at the junction of Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana served as the prototype of the “lost world” itself. The flora and fauna of this inaccessible place among the ocean of the jungle caused a lot of controversy, until in the middle of the last century the first expeditions of climbers, biologists and cartographers got there. Indeed, unique varieties of plants and small animals were found on the plateau, but there were no dinosaurs there, just like troglodytes.
In 1982, the famous French zoologist Belgian origin Bernard Euvelmans organized a meeting of cryptobiologists. At this representative forum of professional scientists and enthusiasts of the search for unknown animals, a decision was made to establish the International Society of Cryptozoology. Since then, the headquarters of this organization has been located in the United States, under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution and the American Museum of Natural History.
Jurassic Artifacts
Under the influence of cryptobiology, a whole trend in literature (especially science fiction) has appeared. Let us recall at least the highly sensational fiction books "Memories of the Future", "Jaws", "King Kong", "The Legend of Dinosaurs", "Jurassic Park".
The outstanding writer and paleontologist Ivan Efremov created in the novel "On the Edge of the Oikoumene" an unforgettable image of the fossilized African monster Gishu - a cross between a hyena and a lion. Even more unusual is the writer's reconstruction of the sinister legend about the extremely dangerous worm-like creature Olgoi-Khorhoi.
This legendary creature, somewhat reminiscent of a headless fat worm, allegedly lives in the deserted deserts of Mongolia and kills its victims with a powerful electric discharge.
Efremov himself spoke of this “cryptozoological phenomenon” as follows: “During his travels around Mongolian desert Gobi, I met many people who told me about a terrible worm that lives in the most inaccessible, waterless and sandy corners of the Gobi desert. This is a legend, but it is so widespread among the Gobis that in the most diverse regions the mysterious worm is described everywhere in the same way and with great details: one should think that there is truth in the basis of the legend. Apparently, in fact, in the Gobi desert lives still unknown to science strange creature, perhaps a relic of an ancient, extinct population of the Earth."
However, it should be recognized that neither the electric worm, nor the sea serpent, nor even the Nessie plesiosaur from the Scottish lake of the same name can compare in popularity with the relic hominid, known to everyone simply as Bigfoot.
Back in the 1950s, a commission on the relic hominid was formed in our country under the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, chaired by SV. Obruchev. Later, the baton of the search for Bigfoot was taken over by the Moscow seminar on the relic hominid at the Darwin Museum, created by the efforts of Professor B.F. Porshnev. There is also the All-Russian Society of Cryptozoologists, which, together with the Society for the Study of the Secrets and Mysteries of the Earth, holds regular meetings and annual symposiums that attract media attention. Unfortunately, there are many enthusiasts in these organizations, but few people of science, especially cryptozoologists.
The very first information about relic hominids in Russia has come down to us since the Middle Ages. This is a description of the secretary of the Arab embassy, Ahmed ibn Fadlan, of mysterious creatures of great stature, covered with wool and wrapped in skins. These strange natives met at that time in the forests of Mordovia and Chuvashia.
At present, a qualitative leap has taken place in the methodology for searching and researching hominid and other mysterious creatures, associated with the ubiquitous distribution mobile phones with built-in cameras. Now instead of traditional oral stories, often reminiscent of ordinary urban legends, eyewitnesses to something unusual can present high-quality photographs or even “mobile videos”.
Curiously, so far this has had the opposite effect. So, although traditional reconstruction drawings have almost completely disappeared from the media, reliable “video mobile” materials have not taken their place. Skeptics believe that this fact of recent decades speaks volumes.
It should be noted that today, at the junction of cryptozoology and folklore, a very curious situation has arisen with a kind of "fabulous" science - demonology (from the word "demon"). By analyzing ancient texts and legends of different peoples, researchers are trying to find out whether they were based on real characters. For example, from some works it follows that the legends about goblin, brownies, mermaids and watermen may be based on the facts of meetings with real beings. These can be relic hominids, and unusual mutants, and in general "products" of the shadow biosphere.
So, from legends and myths, you can get detailed information about the appearance of humanoid creatures. Hominology deals with these issues - a branch of primatology that studies the line between zoology and anthropology. This also includes infernology - a kind of discipline for the study of all kinds of spirits, ghouls, werewolves and other "evil spirits".
So what is behind the Bigfoot phenomenon? If such creatures are not relic monkeys, but facts are known when yetis knew and consciously used some minimum of our vocabulary, then who are they?
Today, the following hypotheses about the nature of the Bigfoot phenomenon are most popular: these are Neanderthals (and possibly even more ancient hominids) that have survived to our time, the product of some unusual mutations, abnormal interspecific crossing, or a side branch of panspermia.
Demons of Teratology
Cryptobiology can also border on very unusual areas of “non-academic research”. A prime example is cryptoteratology - the science of extraordinary physiological anomalies of animals. Cryptoteratologists study legends about basilisks, griffins and centaurs, comparing them with genetic anomalies of two-headed calves and birds, two-tailed lizards and humpback fish. Often cryptoteratological myths are based on the unusual coloring of creatures. For example, occasionally there are non-pigmented individuals: albinos or, conversely, dark to black - melanists.
Basilisk
Radiation cryptoteratology is also developing, which has received an extensive field for activity in the Chernobyl exclusion zone.
Cryptobotany, which studies plants unknown to science - cryptids, has also brought a lot of new things to cryptobiology. The famous fern flower, which allegedly blooms over the treasures on the night of Ivan Kupala, can serve as a kind of symbol of cryptobotany. In addition, in folk tales one can find such legendary plants as gap-grass and the Tatar ram, or the Scythian lamb. At the same time, the search for plant artifacts is hampered by the fact that many plants carry folk names found in myths, legends and traditions.
Sometimes cryptobiologists also participate in conferences organized by eniologists and ufologists who study psychic healing, dowsing, unidentified flying objects, poltergeist, telekinesis and clairvoyance.
Oleg ARSENOV
