10 proverbs from different nations. Proverbs of different nations

"We learn not from victories, but from defeats" - Japanese proverb

Recently, I have been interested in the topic of proverbs and sayings in different languages. I noticed that proverbs wander from one language to another, slightly changing the meaning. It is interesting to know that, for example, the proverb “If you chase two hares, you won’t catch one,” they are similar in Japanese (!) (二兎を追うものは一兎も追えず) and Russian.

I am very little familiar with Japanese, more with Chinese, but the very similarity of this proverb in such such polar cultures is amazing. Are there hares in Japan? Well, basically, it doesn't matter. The main thing to know is that proverbs are a reflection of the mentality and soul of the people, their way of life, their attitude. The proverb is always finished and carries a certain meaning.

As for the Russians and the British (try to analyze any two languages out of interest), according to proverbs, I noticed that Russian people are characterized by good nature, laziness, patriotism, conscientiousness, openness, mutual assistance.

The British are characterized by diligence, rationality, freedom-loving, restraint.

The West is organized, the Russians are more disorganized. Again, I judge based on proverbs that reflect the mentality. And that, and there are special people. In fact, people are all different, we are similar only in our fears.

Below I will analyze LITERALLY proverbs from other languages. They sound interesting.

Chinese proverb .

A thorn defends the rose, harming only those who would steal the blossom.

The thorn protects the rose, hurting only those who try to steal it in bloom.

German proverb.

God gives the nuts, but he does not crack them.

God gives nuts, but does not grind them.

Thai proverbs.

Life is so short we must move very slowly.

Life is so short, we must move very slowly.

In a battle between elephants, the ants get squashed.

In an elephant fight, the ants are always flattened.

Latin proverb .

Keep quiet and people will think you a philosopher.

Be quiet and people will think you're a philosopher.

French proverb .

With enough "ifs" we could put Paris into a bottle .

If only, if only, you could put Paris in a bottle.

Japanese proverb.

An apprentice near a temple will recite the scriptures untaught.

An apprentice near the temple expounds manuscripts without learning.

African proverb .

A fly does not mind dying in coconut cream .

The fly doesn't mind dying in coconut cream at all.

Indian proverb.

The cobra will bite you whether you call it cobra or Mr. Cobra.

A cobra will bite you, even a cobra, even if you call it "Mr. Cobra".

Swiss proverb .

When in doubt who will win, be neutral.

When in doubt who will win, stay neutral.

Jewish proverb .

If God wants people to suffer, he sends them too much understanding.

If God wants people to suffer, he sends them too much understanding.

Moroccan proverb.

Evening promises are like butter: morning comes, and it's all melted.

Evening promises are like butter: the morning comes and everything melts.

Egyptian proverb .

The barking of a dog does not disturb the man on a camel.

A barking dog does not disturb the man on the camel.

Italian proverb .

Better an egg today than a hen tomorrow.

Better an egg today than a chicken tomorrow.

Malaysian proverb .

The turtle lays thousands of eggs without anyone knowing, but when the hen lays an egg, the whole country is informed.

The turtle lays thousands of eggs and no one knows about it. But when a hen lays an egg, the whole country is informed.

American proverb .

The more sins you confess, the more books you will sell.

The more sins you admit to yourself, the more books you will sell.

Have a great day

Proverbs and sayings of Greece

Smart is not the one who knows a lot, but the one whose knowledge is useful

The happy easily teaches the unfortunate

It is better to live in poverty, but honestly, than in wealth, but in fear.

In a dispute, the one who loses wins, because he has increased knowledge

Great things don't happen all at once.

Talking a lot and saying a lot are not the same thing.

Wisdom breeds happiness

Hunger makes food especially tasty

The love of a woman is more dangerous than the hatred of a man, because this poison is pleasant

Proverbs and sayings of India

A woman is wise by nature, a man is wise by books

Sources of well-being - diligence and calmness

Better to have a smart enemy than to be friends with a fool

Patience kills the powerless and makes great the strong

Scientist, hero and beauty will find shelter everywhere

Coquetry of a woman is a sign of love

Kill greed - become happy

The worthy is silent about his virtues and other people's shortcomings.

Proverbs and sayings France

Mind in the network of passions, like a bird with tied legs

The value of a person is in the price he gives himself

Knowledge is stronger than fists

The main thing is not to run fast, but to run out in advance

Arrogance means having a high opinion of yourself and a low opinion of others.

Vices dull the mind, but wine destroys it

Marriage without commitment is a betrayal

Who is afraid of the disease is already sick

Proverbs and sayings Denmark

Only madness can be true

An expert is a person who has already made all the mistakes in his direction.

Proverbs and sayings of Italy

The worst trouble is her waiting

The slanderer accuses when he praises

In his house - every king

Manners make a man

Love me, love my dog too

New year and new life

Every rule has its exception

Spanish sayings:

Since there is no prosperity - and life is not sweet

Big water and big fish

Proverbs and sayings Georgian:

If rich - sinful before the Lord, and poor - before people

To say a kind word in front of a fool is like lighting a candle in the sun

When the owner is not happy, then the guests are bored

Japanese proverbs:

Without polishing, a diamond will not shine like a precious one.

An eggplant will not grow on a melon stalk

A noble man does not spare his life

Wealth and fame ill-gotten will disappear like clouds

Both are to blame for the quarrel

What blooms will fade anyway

Dust accumulates - forms mountains

Conversation is stronger than violence

Funny German aphorisms:

When you get a girl's hand, you will always feel it in your pocket.

When the husband arrives from a business trip - the wife arranges a scene of fidelity

Finances either start to end or stop to begin

The English have a big opinion, but few thoughts. The Germans have so many thoughts that there is no time to form an opinion about themselves.

Proverbs and sayings Poland:

Old age is a well of wisdom and experience. when you pass it on to the young, you deserve respect.

Youth is like spring, middle age is like summer, and old age is like autumn, rich in impressions.

Only knowledge is the true power that can be acquired for a long time.

In this section, we will talk about what a proverb is.

A proverb is a phrase, a turn of speech that reflects a phenomenon of life. Often humorous.

From the simplest poetic works, such as a fable or a proverb, they can stand out and independently turn into living speech, the elements in which thicken their content; this is not an abstract formula of the idea of the work, but a figurative allusion to it, taken from the work itself and serving as its deputy (for example, “a pig under an oak”, or “a dog in the manger”, or “he takes out dirty linen from a hut”).

Dahl's definition of "a collapsible short speech, walking among the people, but not making up a complete proverb" is quite suitable for the proverb, noting at the same time a special and very common type of saying - a walking expression that has not developed to a full proverb, a new image that replaces the usual word (for example “He doesn’t knit a bast” instead of “drunk”, “he didn’t invent gunpowder” instead of “fool”, “I pull a strap”, “two bast mats for all clothes, but a festive sack”). There is no proverb here, just as there is no work of art in the emblem, which has only once for all a given meaning.

A saying, unlike a proverb, does not contain a generalizing instructive meaning. This is a rather important remark that will be of interest to lovers of proverbs and sayings.

"Hunger is not an aunt"
"Don't spit in the well"
"The word is not a sparrow"
"Teach your grandmother to suck eggs"
“He called himself a load - climb into the box”
"A fly in the ointment"
"Whatever you call a boat, that's how it will float"
"Road Spoon to Dinner"
"Trust in God, but don't make a mistake yourself"
"A friend in need is a friend indeed"
"Do not renounce the bag and prison"
"Found a scythe on a stone"
"Without God, not to the threshold"

Some sayings may sound similar but have different meanings. So, for example, along with the well-known proverb “Beats - it means loves”, there is also a proverb that reflects the folk wisdom “strokes, it means loves”.

A proverb is a widespread figurative expression that aptly defines any life phenomenon. Unlike proverbs, sayings are devoid of a direct generalized instructive meaning and are limited to a figurative, often allegorical expression: it is easy to remember, like snow on your head, to beat the thumbs - all these are typical sayings, devoid of the nature of a complete judgment. But, the saying, to an even greater extent than the proverb, conveys an emotionally expressive assessment of various life phenomena. The proverb exists in speech in order to express precisely and, above all, the feelings of the speaker. So, the proverb condemns the work that is done rudely, as it should, somehow: “Kill the bag, then we’ll sort it out.”

Sayings, due to their peculiarity of figurative expressions, more often than proverbs, come closer to linguistic phenomena. Sayings have more national, nationwide meaning and meaning than proverbs. Sayings often have all the properties of linguistic phenomena. This is the expression to put a pig in, that is, to make trouble for someone. The origin of this saying is associated with the military system of the ancient Slavs. The squad became a "wedge", like a boar's head, or a "pig", as the Russian chronicles called this system. Over time, the meaning attached to this expression in antiquity was lost.

And finally, for laughs:

List of the most famous sayings retold in scientific language:

1. "The dualistic principle of using agricultural implements on a hydrosurface" (It is written with a pitchfork on the water)

2. "The binary nature of the statements of an individual who has lost social activity" (Grandma said in two)

3. "Problems of transporting liquids in vessels with a variable density structure" (Carry water in a sieve)

4. "Optimization of the dynamics of the work of a draft vehicle, associated with the elimination of an initially destructive transport unit" (A woman with a cart is easier for a mare)

5. "Weakly expressed relevance of the use of keyboard instruments among persons of the clergy" (what the hell an accordion is)

6. "Non-standard methods of treating scoliosis through the administration of ritual services" (a humpbacked grave will correct)

7. "Problems of increasing the fine dispersion of diatomic hydrogen oxide by mechanical means" (crush water in a mortar)

8. "Latent possibilities of using verbal means of communication to optimize labor" (went on ...)

9. "The positive impact of a low IQ on an increase in the set of tasks in the process of working (fools love work)

10. "Solipsism of poultry in relation to non-ruminant mammals of the artiodactyl order" (the goose is not a friend to the pig)

11. "Characteristic external signs as a reason for usurping the most favorable social status in the market" (with a pig's snout and in a kalash row)

12. "Anthropomorphic approach to the creation of the marriage cell" (to whom the mare is the bride)

13. "Syndrome of refusal of legitimization, based on the lack of opportunities for rapid identification of the person" (I am not me, and the horse is not mine)

14. "The influence of seasonal and weather conditions on the process of accounting for birds" (chickens are counted in the fall)

15. "The ambivalent nature of neural impulses emitted by the cerebral cortex" (both wants and pricks)

16. "Patterns of the ratio of the length of the keratinized epidermis with the amount of gray matter in the cranium" (the hair is long, but the mind is short)

17. "A kind of legal act that prevails over currency funds" (an agreement is more expensive than money)

18. "The inadmissibility of using typical elements of housing architecture while denying the culminating manifestation of contemplative-tactile emotions" (love is not a potato, you can't throw it out the window)

19. "Neutrality of the taste characteristics of a cruciferous plant in relation to vegetable crops of central Russia" (radish horseradish is not sweeter)

20. "Antithesis properties of mentally handicapped subjects in the context of the implementation of state regulations" (the law is not written for fools)

21. "Lack of progress-regression in the body's metabolism when the ratio of fats and carbohydrates in the traditional dish of settled peoples changes" (you can't spoil porridge with butter)

Emelyanova Daria and Eremina Alina

The enthusiastic exclamation of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin draws attention to proverbs, enhances interest in this small genre of oral folk art: “What a luxury, what a meaning, what a sense in each of our proverbs! What a gold!”

And the wise statement of academician Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev convinced us of the relevance of the chosen topic:

"Deep penetration into the culture of the past and the culture of other peoples brings times and countries closer."

What are proverbs? What is interesting in the proverb? What is their theme? We answered these questions in literature lessons. We wanted to learn more about this genre of oral folk art, namely:

Problematic issue of the project:

Are there proverbs in the literature of other peoples similar to Russian ones?

Hypothesis:

In the folklore of the peoples of the world there are wise sayings in subject matter and meaning close to Russian proverbs.

Objective of the project:

Acquaintance with proverbs of different nations and their Russian counterparts.

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Municipal educational institution - secondary school No. 3 of the city of Atkarsk, Saratov region

Named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Antonov V.S.

RESEARCH PROJECT

PROVERBS OF THE PEOPLES OF THE WORLD AND THEIR RUSSIAN ANALOGUES

Emelyanova Daria,

Eremina Alina,

students of 7 "B" class

MOU-SOSH №3.

Scientific adviser:

Prokopenko Valentina Stepanovna,

teacher of Russian language and literature.

2017

Introduction.

Rationale for the choice of topic.

The relevance of the project. ___________________________________________ 3

Main part. _______________________________________________4

Theoretical part.

What is a proverb.______________________________________ 5

Proverbs about proverbs.__________________________________ 5

Sayings about proverbs. ______________________________ 5

Practical part. Study.

Proverbs of the peoples of the world and their Russian counterparts._______________ 6

Conclusion. ___________________________________________________________ 6

List of used literature. _______________________________ 7

INTRODUCTION

We will present a research project« Proverbs of the peoples of the world and their Russian counterparts.

Why did we choose this topic?

The enthusiastic exclamation of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin drew our attention to the proverbs, increased our interest in this small genre of oral folk art: “What a luxury, what a meaning, what a sense in each of our proverbs! What a gold!

And the wise statement of academician Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev convinced us of the relevance of the chosen topic:

"Deep penetration into the culture of the past and the culture of other peoples brings times and countries closer."

What are proverbs? What is interesting in the proverb? What is their theme? We answered these questions in literature lessons. We wanted to learn more about this genre of oral folk art, namely:

Problematic issue of the project:

Are there proverbs in the literature of other peoples similar to Russian ones?

We assumed that

Hypothesis:

In the folklore of the peoples of the world there are wise sayings in subject matter and meaning close to Russian proverbs.

Objective of the project :

Acquaintance with proverbs of different nations and their Russian counterparts.

While working on the project, we solved the following tasks:

We studied the theoretical information about proverbs and sayings,

We got acquainted with collections of proverbs from different peoples of the world,

We compared them with Russian counterparts,

Found illustrations for proverbs,

Compiled an electronic collection of proverbs of the peoples of the world.

Research methods: study of a literary source, analysis, description,systematization, generalization of the collected material.

Object of study: Proverbs of the peoples of the world.

Subject of study:Russian analogues of proverbs of other peoples.

The result of the work: Creation of an electronic illustrated collection of proverbs and performance in front of students of the 7th grade at literature lessons.

MAIN PART.

At the beginning of work on the topic, we turned to the dictionary and found out the meaning of the words "proverb" and "saying".

(This information is shown on the slide).

A proverb is a short wise saying that has an instructive meaning, containing a complete thought, worldly wisdom.

A proverb is a bright, well-aimed folk expression. A saying differs from a proverb in that it is part of a judgment.

We can also read about what a proverb is in the dictionary of V.I. Dahl: “A proverb is a short parable; she herself says that "naked speech is not a proverb." This is a judgment, a verdict, a lesson, spoken out in the open and put into circulation ...

“There is no contribution from the proverb”, “You won’t get away from the proverb” ... Who composed it is not known to anyone; but everyone knows it and obeys it. This work and common property, like joy and sorrow itself, like the experienced wisdom suffered by a whole generation, expressed by such a verdict ... "

Proverbs and sayings have been created over hundreds of generations. These short and wise sayings capture the love for the motherland, courage, courage, faith in the triumph of justice, the concept of honor. The topics of proverbs and sayings are countless. They talk about teaching, knowledge, family, diligence and skill.

Proverbs live in every nation, pass from century to century, pass on the accumulated experience to new generations. The people themselves appreciated the importance and beauty of proverbs: “Speech without a proverb is like food without salt” (Amharic), “A proverb is an assistant to all things” (Russian).

Proverbs about the Motherland among all peoples appeared earlier than others. They express the ardent love of the people for their Fatherland.

Russian proverbs about the motherland:

Fish - the sea, birds - the air, and man - the Motherland.

To live in a foreign land is to shed tears.

There is nothing more beautiful in the world than our Motherland.

Beloved homeland - dear mother.

In a foreign land, even the dog is grieving.

Everyone has their own side.

Every pine makes noise to its forest.

To live - to serve the motherland.

Be not only the son of your father - be the son of your people. A man without a homeland is like a nightingale without a song.

Native land and in a handful is sweet.

The peoples of the world about their Motherland:

A brave fellow for the Motherland is born (Nogai).

Motherland is more expensive than another country (Bashkir).

On his street and dog tiger (Afghan).

Everyone is drawn to their native camp (Adyghe).

Without a beloved Motherland, the sun does not warm (Shorskaya).

It is better to lay down bones in the Motherland than to get glory in a foreign land (Ukrainian).

You can leave the house, but not the Motherland (Azerbaijani).

Motherland - berry-foreign land - bloody tear (Estonian).

All peoples are unanimous in asserting that labor is the main value of life: “A tree is famous for its fruits, a person is famous for its labors” (Azerbaijani proverb), “Without labor you cannot even pull a fish out of a pond.”

Countless proverbs ridicule the lazy, gullible: "I ran to the smell of barbecue, but it turned out - the donkey was branded."

Many proverbs reflect the understanding of the course of natural phenomena: “Every evening is followed by morning” (Turkish), “Morning is wiser than evening” (Russian).

We have read a lot of proverbs from different peoples of the world on different topics and picked up Russian proverbs that are close to them in meaning. We have a small collection of proverbs of the peoples of the world and their Russian counterpart.

CONCLUSION

Proverbs from different countries are very similar to each other, because at all times and among all peoples such human vices as cowardice, greed, laziness have always been condemned, and such qualities as resourcefulness, hard work, kindness, on the contrary, have been welcomed and respected.

Comparison of proverbs and sayings of different peoples of the world shows how much all peoples have in common, which, in turn, contributes to their better mutual understanding and rapprochement. This idea is confirmed by the Bashkir proverb: "Friendship of peoples is their wealth."

Most proverbs and sayings of the world are permeated with the pathos of humane ideas and pure feelings, contact with their world gives a person joy and emotional excitement.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Literature. 7th grade. Proc. for general education institutions. At 2 o'clock / ed.-stat. V.Ya. Korovin. - M.: Enlightenment, 2009

Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. / Ed. N.Yu. Shvedova. - M., 2000.