Analysis of the poem To the statue of Peter the Great (Lomonosov M.V.)

Biographical audio article about Kondraty Ryleev based on school textbooks of literature, anthologies and the Children's Encyclopedia.
Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev (1795 - 1826) was born in the village. Batovo, Petersburg province, in the family of a retired lieutenant colonel from an old noble family. Received a military education. He fought as part of the Russian troops with the army of Napoleon. In 1818 he retired. From January 1821 until the spring of 1824 he served as deputy of the St. Petersburg Criminal Chamber, then - the ruler of the office of the Russian-American Trading Company.
In 1823 he was accepted by I. Pushchin into the Northern Society and soon became one of its leaders. Participated in the uprising on December 14, 1825 on the Senate Square. July 13, 1826 was executed.
Ryleev's earliest poetic experiments date back to 1813-1814. This is a patriotic ode, a friendly message, elegies, songs, epigrams. In the autumn of 1820, the satire "To the temporary worker" was written, which brought fame to its author. In 1822, 13 thoughts of Ryleev appeared. Contemporaries noted "nationality" in Ryleev's thoughts, a simple and natural language. The romantic poem "Voinarovsky" (1825) was rated by Pushkin above "dooms".

To the statue of Peter the Great. Ode on the day of accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, 1747

To the statue of Peter the Great

Elizabeth erected here the specter of Petrov
To the delight of the Russians of all, but who was he,
This city and fleet, arts and troops, says,
Civil labors and heroic deeds.

OH YEAH
on the day of accession to the All-Russian throne
Her Majesty the Empress Empress
Elisaveta Petrovna 1747

Oh you who are waiting
Fatherland from its bowels
And he wants to see them.
Which calls from foreign countries,
Oh, your days are blessed!
Be emboldened now
Show with your care
What can own
Platonov And quick minds
Peutons Russian land to give birth.

The sciences nourish young men.
They give joy to the old,
Decorate in a happy life
In an accident, take care;
Joy in domestic difficulties
And in distant wanderings is not a hindrance.
Science is everywhere
Among the nations and in the wilderness,
In the city noise and alone,
In peace, sweet and in work ...

Questions

1. What "calms" are the works of Lomonosov cited in the textbook?

2. What is the main idea of ​​each of them?

3. What works of Lomonosov do you know?

Enrich your speech

1. Look in the dictionary of literary terms for the meaning of words ode, poem, tragedy, drama, satire, epigram. Remember what "calms" the great scientist and poet refers to these genres. What words give special solemnity to the read texts?

2. Give examples in which cases it is possible not to use words in modern speech reputed, dare, joy. How do you understand the lines: ...can its own Platons / And quick-witted Newtons / The Russian land give birth. Spiders feed young men. Do they give joy to the old?

3. Make a small dictionary of obsolete words.

4. Make up a story about the poet, based on the works and articles you read.

5. Prepare an expressive reading of one of the poems or one of the odes, think about "a laudatory word to Lomonosov, a poet, scientist, public figure."

Literature lesson in grade 9

Subject: MV LOMONOSOV - THE GREAT SON OF RUSSIA. REFORM ACTIVITIES OF LOMONOSOV IN THE FIELD OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.

Nasonova Nadezhda Nikolaevna, teacher of the Russian language and literature, MKOU "Kopyonskaya basic comprehensive school of the Zheleznogorsk district of the Kursk region"

Lesson Objectives:

educational:

expanding students' knowledge about M.V. Lomonosov, understanding of his reform activities in the field of the Russian language and literature; introduction to the genre of ode.

developing:

enrichment of active and passive vocabulary;

the formation of the skill of perceiving and recording a lecture, reading a poetic text, the ability to perceive and analyze a work of art; development of monologue speech.

educational:

fostering interest in studying the lives of people who have contributed to the development of science, society, pride in the Motherland and the achievements of compatriots;

development of motivation to study the subject.

vocabulary work : reform; syllabic versification, feminine rhyme, caesura, verse; syllabo-tonic versification, theory of "three calms", ode.

Equipment: multimedia installation, computer, interactive whiteboard, multimedia presentation, portrait of M.V. Lomonosov, texts of poems by poets of the 18th century, literature textbooks grade 9, part I.

Lesson type: lesson in discovering new knowledge

Used technologies:

* problem research

* information and communication

*technologies of level differentiation

Teaching methods:

* creating a problem situation

* partial search (heuristic)

* conversation

During the classes

1. Motivation for learning activities

teacher's word .

Guys, the epigraph of our lesson is written on the board: "...Peter the Great of Russian literature" (V.G. Belinsky)

Who do you think Belinsky had in mind?

How do you understand these words?

(Peter 1 made changes in all areas of the state and cultural life of the country, which led to the strengthening of Russia, its cultural rapprochement with Europe. The same great role in the literature of the 18th century, according to the critic Belinsky, was played by M.V. Lomonosov.

But do you know what Lomonosov did in the field of literature and the Russian language, what deserved such high praise? (Not good)

Is it interesting to know? Let's try.

2. Updating existing knowledge about M.V. Lomonosov

1) Introductory talk

You met the name of Lomonosov in other lessons. What? (chemistry, physics, geography, history).

- Guys, let's remember what you know about Lomonosov's life and his activities as a scientist.

You re-read the indicated pages of the textbook at home (pp. 42-44).

2) Answers to questions 1-3 of the textbook (p. 49)

Where, in what family did Lomonosov grow up? -Who taught him to read and write?

Where did he study? What scientific areas did his research touch on and what talents was he generously endowed with?

(In 1730 he entered the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy in Moscow (for 5 years he completed an 8-year course), then, as one of the best students, he was sent to Germany - the city of Marburg - to complete his education (he studied mechanics, physics, chemistry, mining and languages).After that, he arrived in St. Petersburg, where he began his brilliant academic and writing activities).

3) Students' messages about Lomonosov's scientific discoveries

The range of his scientific interests is unusually wide: chemistry, physics, mathematics, metallurgy, geography, navigation and navigation, astronomy, history, law, literature, Russian language, art (making smalt and mosaic paintings). He had an encyclopedic scope, the breadth and depth of his talents puts him on a par with the titans of the Renaissance, such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.

And at the literature lesson in the 7th grade, we read excerpts from his poems. Which of his works of art do you know?

4) Reading poetry passages that were studied in grade 7 .

1) poetic signature "To the statue of Peter the Great"

To the statue of Peter the Great

Elisaveta erected here the specter of Petrov

To the delight of the Russians of all, but who was he,

This city and fleet, arts and troops, says,

Civil labors and heroic deeds.

- What is the main idea of ​​this quatrain?

(On the monument to Peter 1, erected by his daughter Elizaveta Petrovna in St. Petersburg, Lomonosov’s lines are written, which list Peter’s merits before Russia: the construction of St. Petersburg, the fleet and the army, his reforms (“civil labors”) and the support of art (“arts”).

2) ode “On the day of the accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Elisaveta Petrovna in 1747” (excerpt)

…O you who are awaited by Science nourishes youths,

Fatherland from the depths of their bowels Give joy to the old,

And he wants to see those, In a happy life they decorate,

Which calls from foreign countries, In an accident they cherish;

Oh, your days are blessed! Joy in domestic difficulties

Dare now encouraged And in distant wanderings is not a hindrance.

Show your care, Science is used everywhere,

What can own Platos Among the peoples and in the wilderness,

And quick-witted Newtons In city noise and alone,

Russian land to give birth. At rest, sweet and in work ...

- What is the main idea?

(The first part is the call of Russian youths to engage in science for the benefit of the Fatherland. He claims that the Russian land is capable of giving birth to its own great scientists, such as Plato or Newton, although so far they have to be called “from foreign countries”, the second part is a real anthem in honor of science, which is the source of prosperity for the country and its citizens)

Guys, we see that Lomonosov was not only a great scientist, but also an excellent poet of the 18th century, all of whose work was directed towards one goal of his life - “the establishment of sciences in the fatherland”, which he considered the key to the prosperity of his Motherland.

Yet he did much more. After all, it was not in vain that V. G. Belinsky called Lomonosov "Peter the Great of Russian literature."

3. Formulation of the purpose and topic of the lesson.

What should we learn in this lesson?

( ABOUT Lomonosov's services to the Russian language and literature. We learn about his reforms (transformations) in the field of the Russian literary language and Russian versification.)

- Do you know the answer to this question? (no, almost nothing)

- Formulate a topic.

Reformatory activity of Lomonosov in the field of Russian language and literature . (subject entry)

4. Learning new material. Lecture (accompanied by a presentation)

What was the literature of the 18th century? Let's remember what we know, and the presentation will help us (slides 1-6)

1) Reform of versification

Let's listen to how the poems of the poets of that time sounded. This is an excerpt from a translation of a poem by the ancient Greek poet Anacreon

A. Cantemir

About love

…Love coming to my door

Loudly began to knock on them.

“Who is knocking there? I shouted. -

And disturbs my sleep?

"Open, - Love said to me, -

Baby I am; don't be afraid,

All wet in a moonless night,

On the way, poor thing, I got lost.

I took pity when I heard

And immediately light the candle,

opened; I see the truth

Winged baby with a bow

And with a barrel of arrows behind his shoulders ...

Have you understood everything? How do poems sound?

(Not all words are understandable, since many outdated Church Slavonic words and forms sound awkward: there are no rhymes and the rhythm is broken.A. Kantemir, when translating, replaced the name Cupid (in Roman mythology, the god of love, depicted as a boy with a bow and arrows) with the word “love”, neglecting the fact that a Russian feminine word cannot become a masculine name.But this was written by one of the best poets of that time - A. Kantemir.

Why were the poems so discordant at that time? Let's see how the verses are structured.

Slide 8 .

Consider the example shown on the slide.

What are verses? Let's read it.

(Verses - this is the name of all poems in the Russian language of the 17th-18th centuries, as opposed to prose.)

Verses of the Petrine era

Oh, ve-li-yu joy // I am ob-re-toh

Ku-pi-do We-ne-ri-nu // mercy with-not-dry

Sol-tse lu-chi own-and // on me down-ti-lo

And evil is sad// to please me about-ra-ti-lo

How do you understand the meaning of the quatrain?

The poems were divided into syllables. How many syllables are in the first verse? In the second... Write. What verses rhyme? (1-2, 3-4). Which syllables are stressed in rhyming words? (penultimate). What is this rhyme? (female). Read the first stanza aloud. - What conclusion can be drawn?

(Feminine rhyme - variety , in which the stress falls on the penultimate syllable of rhyming words .)

In such verses appearscaesura - pause in the middle of the verse (//).

Before us is the so-calledsyllabic versification , a feature of which is an equal number of syllables in rhyming lines and always with a feminine rhyme. Lomonosov's predecessors and contemporaries used precisely this versification to create poetry.

Burn:Syllabic (syllabic) versification: equal number of syllables in a line; censorship - pause in the middle; obligatory stress on the penultimate syllable; rhyme connects adjacent lines.

But the syllabic is alien to the Russian language. Therefore, M.V. Lomonosovdecided to reform the system of Russian versification, for this he began to study Russian folk poetry, in which there is both rhythm and rhyme, studied the scientific works of V, K, Trediakovsky.Based on his work, he made the transition from syllabic (syllabic)To syllabo-tonic (syllabic) (from Greek syllabe - syllable and tónos - stress),versification

- What is its feature?Consider the example shown on the slide.

Slide 9

M. V. Lomonosov

Night darkness

The skies were covered.

All people for peace

They closed their eyes.

Divide the verses into syllables with a vertical line. Put the stress on each word. How many stressed syllables are in the first verse? How many unstressed? Write it down. Continue work.

What conclusion can be drawn?The main feature of this versification is the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Such versification is called syllabo-tonic.

Syllabo-tonic (syllable-stressed) versification : alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables (an equal number of stressed and unstressed syllables

Do poems sound different?

( The syllabic verses of the verses of the Peter the Great era are heavy and difficult to hear, while the stanzas of Lomonosov, written in the syllabic-tonic way of versification, are mobile, light, airy, decorated with cross rhymes.)

Reading an excerpt from Lomonosov's translation of Anacreon's poem

Night darkness

(from Anacreon)

...Suddenly knocked

Cupid at the door

Pleasant interrupted

At the beginning of the dream.

"Who knocks so boldly?" -

I cried out in anger.

"Warm the frozen body, -

He answered through the door. -

What are you afraid of?

I am a boy, I breathe a little,

I got lost at night

I'm wet and trembling all over."

Then I felt sorry

I lit a candle

Don't hesitate at all

He let him in.

I saw that the wings

He waves behind his back

Quiver full of arrows

The bow is tied with a bowstring ...

- What is the difference between the poems of Kantemir and Lomonosov?

(The difference between the two poetic translations is obvious: heavy, 8-complex syllabic lines, devoid of rhymes, of Cantemir's verse and light, mobile 3-foot iambs of Lomonosov's stanzas, decorated with cross rhymes).

- What is the advantage, the dignity of syllabo-tonic versification?

Slide 10

The syllabo-tonic system of versification helps to make poetry lighter, more sonorous, expressive and more understandable for the most ordinary reader, and gives scope for the creativity of poets.

Poets still use this system of versification.

2) Genre-style reform. The theory of "three calms". Drawing up diagrams.

But the literary language of that timewas heavily littered with both foreign words and obsolete, Church Slavonic, required putting in order. Lomonosov made it his task to cleanse the literary language of these obscure words, to remove them, to reduce their use, to bring the language closer to the popular, colloquial language.Lomonosov divided all words in Russian into several genera. What? We find out by reading an excerpt from a textbook article.

Working with the textbook

– Open your textbooks to p.43 (last paragraph), let's start reading from the words "He divided the words ..." to p. 44 to the words "Each style corresponds to ..."

How many kinds of words did Lomonosov identify? (3)

TO1st kind words he attributed words ...Church Slavonic and Russian words

Co.2nd kind words-...Russian words with a small admixture of Church Slavonic, understandable in books but rare in spoken language

TO3rd kind - … Russian colloquial

Depending on the mixing of words of 3 kinds, this or that style (“calm”) is created.Lomonosov develops the theory of "three calms", according to which he divides all genres of literature into "high", "medium" and "low".

slide 13

Let's consider a diagram. Read what genres Lomonosov referred to as "high calm", "medium" and "low"?

- Practical oral work . Sort the words into stems: high, medium and low . Justify .

Remember that the middle calm, in modern language, corresponds toneutral speech style . It includes commonly used words that are understandable to all speakers of the language.

Hand, brothers, letter, jumper, dare, sky, heaven, eyes, eyes.

- Make a conclusion (write down): in What is the meaning of the theory of "three calms"?

The theory of "three calms" had a democratic character: it reduced the use of Old Slavonic words, brought the literary language closer to the spoken language, which made it accessible to a wide range of readers.

Lomonosov's reforms in the field of literary language and versification corresponded to the cultural needs of the nation. With his reforms, Lomonosov opened up new artistic horizons for poetry.

3) Development of the ode genre

Lomonosov not only created the theory of versification, but also in practice gave excellent examples of literary works. His favorite genre was the ode.

Slides 14, 15

Oh yeah – poetic lyric.

In the ode, the poet, in a solemn, majestic language, expressed feelings of admiration, delight before any significant event, an outstanding person or an extraordinary phenomenon of nature.

Look, what kind of calm did Lomonosov attribute the ode to?(to "high calm")

Lomonosov's odes were devoted to various significant events in the life of the Russian state: accession to the throne, victories in battles. His favorite hero was Peter 1.Lomonosov also wrote odes on religious and scientific topics. Such, for example, is his philosophical ode "Evening meditation on the Majesty of God in the event of the great northern lights."

5. Independent work:

compare 2 excerpts from the poems of poets of the 18th century. Which of them is written in syllabic verses, and which in syllabic-tonic? Justify your opinion.

Grasshopper dear, how blessed you are,How much more before people you are gifted with happiness!Passing life between the soft grassAnd enjoy the honeydew.Although in the eyes of many you are a contemptible creature,But in truth you are the king before us;You are an angel in the flesh, or, better, you are incorporeal!You jump and sing, free, carefree,What you see is all yours; everywhere in your houseDon't ask for anything, don't owe anyone.

Pride, laziness, wealth - wisdom prevailed,Ignorance knowledge is already a settled place;It is proud under the miter, walks in an embroidered dress,It judges the red cloth, leads the regiments.Science is tattered, sheathed in rags,Of all the most noble houses, she was shot down with a curse.

First writtenLomonosov in syllabo-tonic verse: *stressed and unstressed syllables alternate, iambic 6-foot

* although there are obsolete forms (kohl, blessed, you spend life, contemptible), but everything is clear.

Second belongsCantemir , written in the old, syllabic versification:

* there is no order in the stress, it falls anywhere, a feminine rhyme is required, i.e. stress falls on the penultimate syllable

* a lot of obsolete obscure words (ignorance settled down, under the miter)

6. Repetition, summing up the lesson.

And now, guys, look at your notes and repeat, what reforms were made by Lomonosov and which ones do we still use?

Versification reform

What types of poetry do you know? What is the difference?

Reform of the literary language, the creation of the "theory of three calms".

What can you say about her?

Developed the genre of ode.

Define ode.

- Was Belinsky right when he called Lomonosov "Peter the Great of Russian literature"? Why?

(Yes, he is right. Just like Peter the Great, he did a lot for the development of Russia, became a pioneer both in science and in literature).

Almost everything that we now have in the literature was started by Lomonosov. And we still use his works, despite all the modern achievements. Therefore, we can confirm that Belinsky's words are indeed true. The great critic V. G. Belinsky continued his statement about Lomonosov with the following words:

slide 16

On the shores of the Arctic Sea, like the northern lights, Lomonosov flashed. This phenomenon was dazzling and wonderful! It proved that man is a man in every state and that genius knows how to triumph over all obstacles.

7. Reflection of educational activity

8. Homework : 1) learn notes in workbooks (all),

2) prepare an expressive reading of the “Ode on the day of accession to the throne ..” (p. 51 - 58), mark incomprehensible wordsor

memorize the penultimate 2 stanzas of the ode

Even the natural wealth of both Danubian principalities was not developed for fear that the Turks would introduce new taxes.

The path to the liberation of these lands from Turkish rule was difficult and long. Gradually, with the help of Russia, which was interested in crushing Turkish domination in the Balkans, the Romanian people, who inhabited Moldova and Wallachia, managed to free themselves from foreign oppression.

After the victory of Russia over Turkey in the war of 1828-1829. under the Adrianople peace treaty, Wallachia and Moldova received some political and economic independence, although they managed to finally free themselves from Turkish dependence much later ....