When was the pope born. History of the papacy

Believers around the world have been following the historically important events taking place in the Vatican city-state for the past month. Pope Benedict XVI, on February 11, officially announced his abdication. The last such incident was almost six hundred years ago during the time of the Holy Roman Empire, and that against the background of incredible chaos in all of Western Christianity and the struggle for power in the empire itself. At the moment, the situation in the Vatican is quite calm, so there was no urgent need for Pope Benedict XVI to abdicate. However, on February 28, the decision came into force, and the period of Sede Vacante, the vacant throne, began. The unusual situation was also marked by the fact that on February 25, the Pope of Rome managed to amend the charter of the conclave, thus contributing to the speedy election of a successor - Jorge Mario Bergoglio, who became Pope Francis from yesterday (there is no number, because this is the first case of choice this name). But we are now interested in not the brightest side of the life of representatives of the Papal Throne - scandals!
1 Benedict XVI

We will begin to analyze the sins of the holy church precisely from the last Pope, because the new one on the throne is only a day old and simply did not have time to light up in suspicious activity. Pope Benedict provoked a scandal with Muslims in 2006, almost causing a war. The Pope was very unfortunate about Islam, even though it was a quote, and the Pope clarified it twice, but the phrase was enough to break out a major sectarian scandal. Threats to attack the Vatican, to destroy the Holy Cross in Rome, accusations of trying to resurrect the Crusades poured in from all sides until Pope Benedict XVI expressed regret about what was said, and Cardinal Bertone issued a refutation. In addition, during the reign of Pope Benedict, an extremely high-profile case was opened - the sexual abuse of minors by members of the clergy. The Pope has repeatedly expressed regret that the priests betrayed the great trust placed in them. However, this shattered public confidence in the Church.

2 Alexander VI

Although Pope Benedict XVI won the first line of our list, we simply had no right to forget about the most immoral Pope in the history of the Papacy. Alexander VI, and in the world of Rodrigo Borgia - even those who have absolutely nothing to do with religion have heard of him. His whole life, before and after the acceptance of the clergy, before and after the election of the Pope - everything is saturated with debauchery, intrigues and unscrupulousness. Borgia achieved the papal throne by bribery, after which many positions were also sold or given for special merits. Despite the vow of celibacy, after the enthronement, Pope Borgia brought Rosa Vanozzi closer to him, who gave him three children. And later he got another mistress, Giulia Farnese. In addition to these women, Alexander VI Borgia had an uncountable number of courtesans. The children of the Pope - Cesare and Lucretia, at first supported the depraved father in everything, and later surpassed him in the cunning and dexterity of getting rid of enemies. It is believed that the Pope also had a sexual relationship with his own child. How it was possible to sin more with such a high rank, it is simply incomprehensible!

3 Innocent VIII

Not only Pope Borgia, but also Innocent VIII became famous for his special reverence for the beautiful half of humanity. It is known that this Pope had a lot of illegitimate children, because his love of love knew no bounds, both before accepting the clergy and after. However, he was concerned about family matters, probably more than all other Popes. This is at least strange, given the vow of celibacy, and at most illegal. However, another Pope, Julius II, was also distinguished by this, only not on such a scale. Innocent is most famous not for adultery. Innocent VIII initiated the so-called witch hunt, based on the book of Heinrich Kramer. There were rumors that Papa tried to save himself from death by infusing the blood of three boys. Their deaths didn't bother the Pope, maybe that's why it didn't save him?

4 John VIII

Since we started talking about the importance of women for the Roman Catholic throne, it is worth telling the legend about the Pope-woman. Why legend? But because the church still refuses to recognize this fact. However, until now, Pope John VIII is nominally listed in the official list of popes. According to legend, since we agreed to call it that, Joanna went to Athos, disguised as a priest, and later was brought closer to the Papal throne. At that time, Leo IV was the Pope, and Joanna, in some miraculous way, turned out to be his personal physician. After the death of the Pope, in no less miraculous way, Joanna ascended the Papal throne under the name of John VIII. However, her reign was short-lived, at one of the processions a woman went into labor and was simply torn to pieces by the flock. After this incident, no matter how the Church denied it, for another five centuries the masculinity of applicants for the Papal throne was determined publicly, with the help of a slotted chair.

Pope Gregory XVI became famous, oddly enough, for his great stupidity, mixed with incredible cruelty and unrestrained drunkenness. He was completely controlled by Gaetano Moroni, therefore, surrounded by the Pope, there were either the same monsters, or simply greedy and power-hungry people. With particular cruelty, the Pope treated the Jews, exiling them to the ghetto and forbidding them to leave. But this did not in the least prevent Gregory from living, constantly borrowing money from a rich Jew - Rothschild.

6 Benedict IX

No less cruel, and certainly no more far-sighted, was Pope Benedict IX. Nobody controlled him like a puppet, except perhaps his own vicious desires. However, this is not the worst! Having received the throne simply by right of kinship at a very early age (according to various sources, he was from 12 to 20 years old), Benedict XI was so confident in his own omnipotence that he decided to violate absolutely all the canons. If his predecessors loved women, they at least hid it, but Benedict decided to enter into an official marriage. In the end, he completely sold the throne, according to rumors for 680 kilograms to his own godfather, after a while he changed his mind, tried to regain the throne, did not work, and tried again, but this time he was already deposed.

7 Stephen VI

This Pope distinguished himself by blatant disrespect for his predecessor. What really happened there, we do not know. But Stephen hated Formosa so much that even the death of Pope Formosa did not stop his hatred and passionate desire for revenge. Stefan ordered the corpse to be removed from the grave, dressed in papal robes and instituted a trial. Having thrown out all his hatred on the corpse, he did not stop until he cut off the fingers with which they give a blessing and announced that the title of Pope of Rome was being removed from Formosa, and in connection with this he should be buried as an ordinary foreigner. For these dubious deeds, Pope Stephen VI did not die of natural causes.

8 Clement V

Another short-sighted Pope who was foolish not only to lose all respect for his own person, but for the church as a whole. Moreover, during his reign, the popes were banished to Avignon by Philip the Fair and no longer had their former influence. After that, he did not have long to live, since the ranks and positions that were sold and bought under him began to depreciate after the exile. Clement V had an accident. How unsurprising!

9 John XXII

A recognized heretic, how did he manage to get such a dignity? As the head of the Holy Church, John XXII was an extremely superstitious person, and also claimed that he denied the possibility of the blessedness of the souls of the righteous before the Last Judgment. During his reign, the idealization of poverty was reprehensible, while the Pope himself actively earned money on the remission of sins, setting certain tariffs depending on the severity of the sin. This phenomenon persisted for several centuries, and Pope Leo X decided at one time that this was not enough, having raised tariffs several times, he distinguished himself by releasing sins for a large fee to murderers and those who committed incest, and also forgave many other serious crimes .

10 Boniface VII

The papacy attracted the attention of all who in any way touched the church. They killed for the throne, they sold and bought it, intrigues have been woven around the Pope from time immemorial. The last one on our today's list, Pope Boniface VII, gets here precisely because he was ready to achieve the throne in all conceivable and inconceivable ways. He did not succeed the first time, he decided to try again to take the throne by force. It turned out, but it didn’t work out to sit on it for a long time .... He was not alone in this desire for power.
Yesterday they elected a new Pope - Francis. Who knows what will mark the time of his reign? If it is already known that Francis is the first Jesuit Pope, the first Pope from the New World, the first Pope to take this name. In what else will the Pope be the first?

Today, Pope Francis, who is already called the most liberal pontiff, celebrates the fifth anniversary of his accession to the Vatican throne. The first non-European Jesuit Pope openly supports gays, washes the feet of refugees, prisoners and mafiosi, and refuses no one a selfie. For Catholics, Francis seemed to reopen the doors of the church. For the rest of the world, he became a pop star and a moral guide. About the first shock five-year plan of the Pope-reformer - a fragment of a news release on RTVI.

If we compare the 266th Pope Francis (before ascending the throne - Jorge Mario Bergoglio) with his predecessors, then almost everything about him is unusual: from his name and origin to the circumstances of his election. He was born in 1936 in Argentina. Before turning to the Church, he trained as a chemist-technologist, worked as a laboratory assistant and, by his own admission, as a bouncer in a nightclub. Then he received a doctorate in theology, became a cardinal. Already in 2005, he was the main contender for the papal throne, but then Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger - Benedict XVI won. Bergoglio was elected pope at the next conclave, in 2013, when the incumbent pontiff - for the first time in 600 years - abdicated. For 85-year-old Benedict, who is leaving for health reasons, they came up with a special title “dad at rest”.

Pope Benedict XVI

Francis became the first Jesuit pope in history and the first pontiff from South America, namely from Argentina. He could have been the first non-European pope, but in the 8th century Gregory III of Syria visited the Holy See. Against this background, it is often forgotten that this is also the first pope in many centuries without a “number”. When elected, he took on a new name, which in the papacy symbolizes ideological continuity with those who bore it before. So, for example, both John Paul were considered liberal progressive popes, and all the Benedicts were conservatives.

Francis by the standards of the Catholic Church (and especially against the background of his predecessor) is liberal to the point of revolution. Under him, showers for the homeless began to be installed in Roman churches, he simplified the dissolution of church marriages and condemned priests who refuse to baptize illegitimate children. But, perhaps, Francis was most famous for one single phrase about the LGBT community.

pope

"If a man is homosexual, but he is a good Christian and is looking for a way to God - who am I to judge him?"

Not surprisingly, the pope's masses have become a bit like meeting a superstar with a crowd of fans, and Time magazine has chosen Francis as its 2013 Person of the Year. In fact, it wasn't always like this. Before being elected pope, Cardinal Bergoglio spoke rather harshly about same-sex marriages and even called on the authorities of his native Argentina not to legalize them in 2010, but to no avail. Perhaps this explains the fact that sometimes gays still greet the pope with protests.

But the main test for the pontiff in the first five years of his reign was not gays, but pedophiles. In 2017, Australian police accused Cardinal George Pell of Melbourne of indecent assault with minors. In the Vatican, he held a very high position as papal treasurer. However, pedophiles are not a new challenge for the Vatican. In the same 2017, the infamous Archbishop of Boston, Bernard Lowe, who was forced to leave his post due to sexual accusations under John Paul II, died.

pope

“I never cease to experience excruciating shame. It is pain because of the irreparable harm that the ministers of our Church have caused to innocent children.

The official history of the papacy covers a period of 1700 years. The papacy itself is not a purely religious institution. It would be more correct to call it political-religious. It unites 1 billion 300 million Catholics living in almost all countries of the world. It relies on bishops, of whom there are 4,000. There are three levels of priesthood in Catholicism: deacon, priest, and bishop.

There are also cardinals. These are clerics from deacons, priests and bishops. Depending on the priesthood, the cardinals are divided into ranks and united in the college of cardinals. She performs advisory functions with the pope and elects the next pope at the conclave. This system is well-established, proven and highly efficient. No wonder Catholicism is so popular in the world and unites a huge number of believers into a single confession.

Was the apostle Peter the first pope?

The Catholic Church officially considers the Apostle Peter to be the first pope.. He is also considered the first bishop. It was this man who created the first Christian community in Rome after Christ was crucified. In 64, a terrible fire broke out in the "eternal city". The Romans believed that the emperor Nero was the culprit. He allegedly wanted to destroy the old city, and build a new one in its place and name it after himself.

To divert suspicion from himself, Nero blamed the Christians for the arson. Members of the community were seized and thrown into dungeons. Peter was also arrested. He was crucified upside down, since the apostle considered that he had no right to be crucified like his teacher Christ. On the site of the tragedy, the Basilica of St. Peter. This is the official version of the Catholics.

Apostle Peter walking on water

However, these historical facts are highly questionable. The point is that Peter did not know Latin. And, consequently, he could not stand at the head of the Roman community. In Rome, people spoke this language, and the disciple of Christ was born in Bethsaida of Galilee. This is an Israeli city where the family of a simple fisherman Jonah lived.

In it, the future first pope was born. He received the name Simon, but received no education. This man could neither read nor write. But he knew how to listen, and Christ's sermons made an indelible impression on him. It was the Son of God who named him Peter, but did not teach him the Latin language, as well as literacy.

Maybe a miracle happened, and the apostle received the necessary knowledge in the blink of an eye? This is unlikely, since we all understand that if we are guided by miracles, we will not be able to objectively perceive history. Therefore, it is more reasonable to assume that the righteous activity of Peter in Rome is a fiction.

The Papacy from the Time of Constantine to the Present Day

Emperor Constantine and Christianity

The persecution of Christians had no effect on the new religion. She has taken deep roots in the souls of people. The long-awaited shoots appeared only during the reign of Emperor Constantine (306-337). He was an outstanding politician. He moved the capital of the Roman Empire to the Greek city of Byzantium. Significantly expanded it and made it the center not only of the empire, but also of the Christian religion. Subsequently, the city became known as Constantinople. It was under Constantine that Christians began to gain strength, and in Rome in 324 the first basilica was built.

Prior to Constantine, bishops were considered spiritual mentors of the flock. All of them were in Rome. The formation of the papacy began under Bishop Sylvester. His whole life was distinguished by holiness, and this respectable man died in 335. After 2 years, Emperor Constantine also left for another world. But the fertile shoots that sprang up under him strengthened the church and made it an authoritative institution, which soon began to significantly influence the political life of the state.

Papacy and power

The struggle for power within the Christian church flared up sharply in 366 under Damasus. He became bishop of Rome, driving his rival out of the city. At the same time, about 200 Christians died, since any power requires sacrifice. It was Damasius who became the first to call himself pope and was on the church throne from 366 to 384.

His authority and influence reached such a level that the Roman emperor Theodosius I (379-395) was forced to convene an Ecumenical Council in 381. The Council recognized the Bishop of Constantinople as the second after the Roman Bishop and forbade the bishops to interfere in each other's affairs. Damasius died at the age of 84 and was canonized as a saint.

Actually, since the time of Damasius, the history of the papacy began its inevitable course. And before that there was a prelude, since the Christian religion was very weak and did not have the appropriate authority and weight.

In 753, Pope Stephen II (III), respected in all respects, showed church and lay people a document allegedly signed by Emperor Constantine himself. It was written in black and white that the lord transfers all power over the western part of the empire to the pope, while he himself leaves the eastern part in his subordination. That is, it turned out that the dignity of the pope corresponded to the dignity of the emperor. Only in the 15th century it became clear that this document was a fake.

In July 1054 there was a split in the Christian church. It was divided into Roman Catholic and Orthodox. The cause of this tragedy must be sought in the ritual and ethical differences between the Latins and the Greeks. Contradictions matured for many hundreds of years, and in the XI century came the denouement. The patriarch of Constantinople anathematized the papal legates, and in retaliation they took and excommunicated the patriarch of Constantinople from the church.

The clergy turned out to be very vindictive. Inflicted grievances they remembered 1000 years. Only in 1965 were mutual anathemas lifted. But Catholics and Christians, of course, did not become a single flock, although relations between them became warmer.

Conflict between Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV

In 1073, Pope Gregory VII took the papacy. This most respected man in all respects led the Catholic Church until 1085. The time of his reign is notable for the conflict with the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV (1050-1106).

Gregory VII declared that the power of the pope was higher than that of the emperor. He arrogated to himself the right to depose the European rulers. This was opposed by the German king Henry IV. He gathered the German bishops in 1076 and they declared the pope deposed.

Then the pontiff excommunicated the king from the church. The German princes who gave the oath of allegiance to Henry IV were released from it and rebelled. They began to prepare for the election of another emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

The debunked monarch went through the Alps to the castle of Canossa, in which at that time there was the head of the Catholic Church. In January 1077, he found himself under the walls of the fortress. Barefoot, dressed in a sackcloth, the king stood in the cold and waited for the papal decision. Gregory VII watched him from the window of the fortress tower. Only at the end of the third day did he forgive the impudent autocrat and remove his penance.

Pornocracy

The history of the papacy is inextricably linked with popes and antipopes. The second are those who bore the sacred title illegally. They received it for bribes or other various clever methods. Pornocracy is a prime example of anti-papacy. This is a whole historical period that lasted several decades. It began with the accession to the papal throne of Sergius III (904-911).

He is considered the killer of his two predecessors. Turned the papal court into a place of debauchery and theft. Got himself a 15-year-old mistress named marozia. She gave birth to new dads, and then killed them. By her order, 4 popes were killed. At the same time, shamelessness and corruption flourished in the holy of holies of the Catholic Church. Eventually, Marozia was arrested by one of her sons, imprisoned, where she died in 954.

In 955, Pope John XII, the grandson of Marozia, received papal authority. He was in power for 8 years. But the situation has not changed for the better. Murder, incest, and other immoral acts flourished again. Dad ended badly. He was killed by a deceived husband who found his wife in the arms of the head of the Catholic Church. This is where the pornocracy ends.

The Pope with his flock

Papacy and money

Popes and antipopes changed, but the desire for absolute power continued. A serious attempt to put church power over secular power was made by Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303). On this sensitive issue, he issued a bull. It said that in one hand the pope holds spiritual power, and in the other - secular.

But the head of Catholicism miscalculated. The period of feudal fragmentation was ending. Strengthened royal power. And the bull was met with hostility by the European monarchs. Especially the papal claims outraged King Philip IV of France. He initiated the convening of the Estates General. Members of this high assembly demanded that the pope be brought before an ecclesiastical court. But the trial did not take place. This was prevented by the death of the pontiff.

After this incident, the ambitions of the popes diminished. They never again clearly laid claim to secular power. High-ranking holy fathers took up another matter. Beginning in the 14th century, they began to forgive sins for money. The business turned out to be extremely profitable. Of course, such things were officially forbidden categorically. But it's official. There were many abuses. Naturally, they were carried out with the tacit consent of the popes.

The Church, having forgiven the sinner of his sins, gave him an official paper - indulgence. That is, everything was furnished to the highest level. Sins were also forgiven for the dead. But it all depended on relatives. If they expressed a desire to pay, then the soul of the deceased, one must understand, went to heaven. True, some far-sighted people discussed such a procedure in a will. The Catholic Church also practiced issuing licenses to brothels. At the same time, the priestesses of love no longer worried about God's punishment. All their sinful deeds were forgiven ahead of time.

All this orgy continued until 1567, that is, more than 250 years. In 1566, Pope Pius V took the papacy. And the church immediately felt the harsh master's hand. All the outrages that dishonor the cause of God were put to an end. The new pope turned out to be a harsh, tough man, a supporter of an ascetic lifestyle. He drove out all the crooks, careerists and opportunists. Put things in order in financial and divine affairs. At the same time, the authority of the Catholic Church increased significantly.

Schism of the Catholic Church

But this did not save her from a split. The Catholic Church has accumulated too many sins over the past centuries. Here, no pope could resist the rise of Protestantism. Led religious reforms Martin Luther(1483-1546). He found many followers. As a result, all this resulted in religious wars that shook Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries.

In the end, the Catholic Church came to terms with the new denomination. Currently, Protestants live all over the world, and their number is 1 billion people. They do not have a single center, unlike Catholics and Orthodox. All churches are united in church unions and enjoy equal rights.

View of the Vatican from above

The Vatican and the Election of the Pope

Today the history of the papacy is associated with the Vatican. It is a city-state located in Rome. The Vatican is the seat of the head of the Roman Catholic Church.. It has existed in its current form since February 1929.

It is in this place that the new pope is elected by the conclave or assembly of cardinals. Elected for life. Until a new head of the church is elected, the duties of the pope are entrusted to the camerlengue. This is the highest court position. It is very ancient, and originated in the XI century. The people will know about the election of a new pontiff by a column of white smoke that rises from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel. The elections themselves take place in a special room in the Vatican Palace. Until February 28, 2013, Benedict XVI was Pope. He was elected to this high post in April 2005.

On February 11, 2013, Benedict XVI announced his decision to abdicate. It entered into force on February 28, 2013 at 8:00 pm Roman time. The former pope retained the rank of cardinal, but did not take part in the conclave due to the respectable age of 80.

On March 13, 2013, the conclave elected a new pope. It was announced to the breathless world that Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio had become head of the Catholic Church. He is an Argentine with Italian roots. Born in Buenos Aires in 1936 in a working-class family. The newly elected pope took the name Francis in honor of Francis of Assisi. This is a saint who sympathized and helped the sick and the poor. The new head of the Vatican is a worthy candidate for a high post. God bless him and the sincere faith of the Catholics.

The name of the pope is the throne name by which the pope is officially known during his pontificate.

Name adoption procedure

In our time, the pope, immediately after being elected at the conclave and accepting the election, declares under what name he will rule; this name is followed by a number (similar to the numbers of monarchs). Whereupon the Cardinal Protodeacon publicly, as part of the solemn proclamation of Habemus Papam, says, after the new pope's worldly name: qui nomen sui imposuit (who has adopted a name for himself), followed by the name and number in the genitive case.

Name change tradition

Popes didn't always change their names. The first such was the Roman Mercury, who lived in the 6th century, who decided that the name of a pagan god was not suitable for the pope and ruled under the name of John II; from about the 9th century, name-changing popes already predominate. The last popes who ruled under the same name with which they were baptized were Adrian VI (Adrian Florence, 1522-1523; he was the last non-Italian pope until 1978) and Marcellus II (Marcello Cervini, 1555, died shortly after being elected). Formally, no rules oblige them to do this, and so far.

Name choice and meaning

The choice of name is often significant in one way or another. First of all, the popes have been trying for the last few centuries to choose a name in honor of a representative series of their predecessors, there are traditional frequent papal names (the names Leo, Benedict, Clement, Pius, Gregory, Innocent met more than 10 times). The name John has a special history - once the most frequent among popes and antipopes, after the odious antipope John XXIII (Balthasar Cossa), not a single pontiff accepted it for more than 500 years until Cardinal Roncalli, who again took the name John XXIII in 1958. As he himself explained Roncalli, this choice was due to the fact that his father's name was Giovanni (John).

The name can carry an ideological load, for example, the papal name Pius is associated with conservatism (Pius IX, Pius X and especially Pius XII); one of the ultra-conservative sedevacantist anti-popes, Lucian Pulvermacher, adopted the name "Pius XIII". The names John and Paul are associated with adherence to the ideas of Vatican II, held by John XXIII and Paul VI. The name "Benedict", chosen by Ratzinger, is interpreted by the pope himself as a sign of veneration for St. Benedict of Nursia and succession in relation to the pope-diplomat and peacemaker Benedict XV.

By tradition, popes never choose the name Peter, which was the name of the apostle Peter, considered the first bishop of Rome (although there are no formal rules forbidding this). According to a medieval prophecy about popes, Peter II ("Peter the Roman", Petrus Romanus) will be the last pope before the end of the world.

Numbering

Numbers used to distinguish popes with the same name began to be used from time to time, starting with Pope Gregory III (731-741), and from the end of the 10th century such use became constant. Under Pope Leo IX (1049-1054), the number first appeared on papal seals. If the papal name occurs only once, the I number is usually not used.

After Antipope John XXIII (Balthasar Cossa), Cardinal Roncalli took back the name John XXIII in 1958, thereby emphasizing that Cossa was not a legitimate pope. Not always, however, antipopes are omitted when choosing a number: for example, although Benedict X, Alexander V, and John XVI were antipopes, their numbers are taken into account in the overall numbering order.

In 1978, Cardinal Luciani, who died after 33 days of pontificate, took the name John Paul I and thus made a real "onomastic revolution". Firstly, he adopted a previously unused name with number I: all other popes with number I were assigned it “backdating”, after the tradition of using numbers appeared, and the last pope before John Paul I with a previously unseen name was the one who ruled more than a thousand years before him Landon (913-914)). Secondly, for the first time in the history of the papacy, the pontiff adopted a double name. Luciani did this in honor of his two immediate predecessors, John XXIII and Paul VI. His successor, Cardinal Wojtyla, the most famous pope of the 20th century, adopted the same name - John Paul II. The current pope, Wojtyła's successor Cardinal Ratzinger, has chosen a more traditional throne name, Benedict XVI. Thus, the observed pattern was confirmed, according to which three popes never take the same names in a row.

frequency list of names

Papal names are given that occurred 5 times or more; the years in which the given name was last chosen to date are indicated.

* John - 21 times (maximum number XXIII; John XVI was an antipope, John XX did not exist), 1958

* Gregory - 16 times, 1831

* Benedict - 15 times (maximum number XVI; Benedict X was antipope), 2005

* Clement - 14 times, 1769

* Innocent - 13 times, 1721

* Lion - 13 times, 1878

* Pius - 12 times, 1939

* Stephen - 8 or 9 times (maximum number IX (X); Stephen VII was an antipope; double numbering is associated with disagreements over the inclusion of Stephen II in the lists of popes), 1057

* Boniface - 8 times (maximum number IX; Boniface VII was antipope), 1389

* Urban - 8 times, 1623

* Alexander - 7 times (maximum number VIII; Alexander V was antipope), 1689

* Adrian - 6 times, 1522

* Pavel - 6 times, 1963

* Celestine - 6 times, 1294

* Nicholas - 5 times, 1447

* Sixtus - 5 times, 1585

In addition, there were legitimate popes Martin IV and Martin V, but they wore such numbers because they mistakenly took two popes named Marin for Martins II and III.

4 names met 4 times each, 7 names - 3 times each, 10 names - 2 times each and 43 names - 1 time each.

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Prophecy of the Popes