The idea of ​​a small business for the village is the cultivation of soybeans. Cost of opening and maintaining

Soy is one of the most popular crops. Belongs to the legume family, can grow on almost any type of soil, except sandy, therefore it has a high yield. Soy fruits contain a lot of vegetable protein, so this culture is widely used in the preparation of various dishes: sausages, meatballs, soups, vegetarian products, and animal feed. Bean seeds are used to make flour for the production of soy meat, as well as soy oil and soy milk.

Demand for soybeans is always high. At the same time, it costs much more than wheat. Every year, the popularity of soybeans is growing due to the growth in meat production and the development of pig and livestock breeding.

Therefore, growing soy is a very profitable small business idea from scratch.

But there are some nuances that should be taken into account.

Demanding soy

There is an erroneous opinion that soy is an unpretentious plant. But it's not. It is demanding on heat and light, and with a lack of lighting, the stems and leaf cuttings lengthen, which interferes with the appearance of bean shoots. The optimum temperature during flowering and fruit formation is about 21 C. At temperatures of 14 C and below, soybeans simply do not grow. At the end and beginning of the growing season, the need for heat decreases. At the same time, even frosts down to -3.5 C are tolerated by the plant calmly.

Soy also needs good hydration. Soybean is drought tolerant before flowers appear, but lack of moisture will result in low plant productivity and will impair bottom bean development. Therefore, if you do not moisten this crop, you can not count on high yields.

Where to grow?

It is best to grow soybeans in weed-free fields. It is worth knowing that soy requires 2-3 times more nutrients than grains.

Therefore, the soil must be cultivated and fertile.

Soy significantly reduces the amount of nutrients in the soil, so you can grow it in the same place no more than every 2 years. Soybean grows best in the Krasnodar Territory, as well as in the Far East.

soybean cultivation

Soybeans are sown in late April - early May, when the soil warms up to 10-15 C. Seeds are planted in the ground to a depth of 70 cm, the width between rows is 0.4-0.6 m.

The soybean ripening period is 85-245 days, depending on the climate and variety. Harvesting is carried out after the leaves fall, when the beans acquire a grayish color.

Harvesting

Farmers with experience know that planting and growing soybeans is not the most difficult thing. Much harder to harvest. To do this, you need to buy combines. But even with machinery, harvesting is quite difficult. behind a short time you need to have time to collect all the soybeans, otherwise the beans will crack and crumble to the ground.

To grow soybeans, you will need to buy: a pneumatic seeder, a cultivator, harvesters, equipment for harrowing and inoculation.

Calculate income and expenses

The profitability of the business is 25%. To increase profitability, we advise you to buy an extruder for the production of soy meat. Such equipment is inexpensive, but will increase profits.

If you have had experience of running this type of business or have questions about it, leave your comments below. We value any of your opinions!

Soy is one of the most popular crops in crop production. It belongs to the legume family, has a high yield and grows on almost any type of soil, with the exception of sandy. Soybeans contain a large number of vegetable protein. They have the widest application: they are used for cooking various dishes and in food production (protein products for vegetarians, cheeses, sausages, meatballs, soups, etc.), as well as feed for farm animals. Bean seeds are used to make soy flour, which in turn is used to make soy meat. Soybean oil (which is considered one of the best vegetable oils) and soy milk (white seeds are used for this) are obtained from the seeds. Soy liquid sauce is prepared from fermented soybeans. Pressed beans are used to produce soybean meal.

Demand for soybeans is consistently high. It costs much more than wheat and is much less subject to price fluctuations. The demand for soybean and its products is increasing every year with the growth of poultry meat production and the developing livestock and pig breeding. For all these reasons, soybean farming is a profitable and highly profitable business. However, as in any other direction, there are certain features that must be taken into account.

Soy is a demanding crop

The main phases of soybean growth include germination (from seed to shoot), emergence (from cotyledons to primordial leaves), formation of the first trifoliate leaf, branching, bud emergence, flowering, pod formation, seeding and maturation. Under favorable conditions, soybean seedlings can be seen already on the 6-9th day after sowing. Soybeans no longer grow during seeding, and during the ripening of the beans, the plants shed their leaves. In most varieties, ripe beans do not crack, and the plants themselves do not fall, which makes it easier to harvest.

For some reason, it is widely believed that soy is an unpretentious plant. In fact, it is a light-loving and heat-demanding culture. With a lack of lighting, the plant stems and leaf cuttings lengthen, which prevents the formation of lateral shoots and beans, or even the fall of previously formed ovaries in the lower part of the plant. The greatest need for heat falls on the phases of flowering and fruit formation. The optimum air temperature during this period is 21-22°C. At a temperature of 14 ° C and below, the plant does not grow and does not develop. At the beginning and end of the growing season, the need for heat is much lower. Moreover, at this time, plants even relatively calmly tolerate frosts down to -2-3.5 ° C.

In addition to light and heat, soybean needs a lot of moisture, but this need also depends on the growth period of the plant. Soybeans are relatively drought tolerant in their early growth period, before flowers appear, although lack of moisture can have some negative effect on plant productivity and lower bean development. But with a lack of moisture during flowering, the formation of ovaries and the filling of seeds, you should not count on large volumes of the crop. With the intensive development of green mass, the area of ​​​​the evaporating surface of the plant increases, therefore, with the beginning of flowering, moisture consumption also increases. During the period of flowering and the formation of beans, soybeans are also demanding on air humidity. At low humidity during this period, new ones are not formed and existing flowers and beans are shed.

Experts advise growing soybeans in weed-free fields with optimal nutrient and moisture supplies. Do not forget that for a good harvest, this plant needs two to three times more nutrients than cereals. This means that the soil for growing soybeans must be fertile and cultivated, otherwise you cannot do without the additional cost of applying a large amount of fertilizer. There are no particular preferences for soil types, but neutral or slightly acidic (pH 5.5-6.5), well-permeable soil rich in phosphorus, humus and calcium is best suited.

Like all legumes, soybean is a valuable crop in crop rotation. It can be sown in fields where grains (best of all - winter wheat), corn, sugar beets, potatoes, perennial grasses grew before. Other leguminous crops, perennial leguminous grasses, cabbage crops and sunflowers are unsuitable as predecessors because of the danger of the spread of bacteriosis and other diseases. Part of the crops susceptible to sclerotinosis (for example, rapeseed, soybean, sunflower) should not exceed 33% in the crop rotation. After soybeans, it is recommended to sow the field with winter wheat, other grain crops, corn, rapeseed, fodder and vegetable crops. Keep in mind that late crop harvesting in some regions of our country does not allow growing winter crops after soybeans. Soy greatly impoverishes the soil with nutrients, so it must be borne in mind that it is recommended to return soy to its original place no earlier than after two years. Thus, you will need to regularly look for new crop areas for each year.

As for the regions suitable for growing soybeans, it all depends on the correct choice of varieties. More than 80% of soybean sown areas in our country are located in the Krasnodar Territory and the Far East (Amur Region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories). The main soybean varieties are cultivated here - Venera, Primorskaya 13, Primorskaya 301, Primorskaya 69, Primorskaya 81, Primorskaya 529, Hodson, VIR-14, Vityaz-50. Soer 1, Sauer 3, Sauer 4, Sauer 5, Sauer 7 varieties are suitable for the Middle Volga region, and early and mid-ripening varieties Belgorodskaya, 48, Svetlaya, Yaselda, Luchezarnaya are suitable for the central strip. Belor, Okskaya, Mageva varieties are characterized by early maturity and at the same time good yield.

The yield in the most favorable conditions of the North Caucasus reaches 40-45 centners per hectare, in Primorye and in the central zone - more than 20 centners per hectare. In the Ural regions, the yield is about 10-15 centners per hectare. True, wheat yields in this region are about the same as soybeans, and given the fact that soybeans contain three times more protein than wheat, growing this crop is still profitable even here.

Soybean varieties differ not only in terms of requirements for agro-climatic and natural conditions, but also in terms of purpose. For example, there are varieties intended for oil-feed use or food-oriented soy protein production. It is also necessary to take into account the purchase price, composition, ratio of the main ingredients of the grain and the yield of a particular variety. Please note: in our country it is forbidden to grow genetically modified soybeans, although it has become widespread abroad due to the fact that this crop is not so demanding and cheaper than ordinary soybeans.

soybean cultivation

The field intended for crops must be prepared in advance. First, in the fall, one or two peelings are made to a depth of 8-10 cm and fertilizers are applied for plowing. If grain crops were previously grown on this field, then fertilizers are applied to a depth of 22-25 cm, and if corn, then to a depth of 25-30 cm. In early spring, heavy, medium or light harrows are harrowed across or at an angle to the direction of plowing. In principle, the pre-sowing cultivation of the field is not much different from the cultivation of the soil for other legumes. Its main goal is the destruction of weeds and the preservation of moisture. If the field was not leveled in autumn, if it is littered with weeds or carrion, during a long, cold winter, cultivation is carried out in the spring to a depth of 6-8 cm, followed by rolling. It allows you to raise the temperature of the seed bed by a couple of degrees and stimulates the germination of weeds, which are then removed. For seedbed cultivation, which is carried out to a depth of 4-5 cm across or at an angle in the direction of previous cultivations, fallow or beet cultivators with flat-cut shares will be required. The field for sowing should be as flat as possible and without lumps. This is due to the fact that soybeans are located quite low. An uneven surface makes harvesting difficult. The height of the ridges and the depth of the furrows should not exceed four centimeters.

Soil herbicides are applied after sowing to the emergence of seedlings using harrows to a depth of at least three centimeters or ring-spur rollers (in this case, the effectiveness of nitrogen-fixing bacteria increases). If there are rhizomatous and root-sprout weeds on the field, then pre-sowing treatment is recommended not to be carried out, but to wait for the wheatgrass to grow to 10-15 cm and sow. Then, 3-4 days after sowing, before soybean seedlings appear, the fields are treated with a roundup herbicide of continuous action. Fertilizer consumption is 10-20 kg/ha of nitrogen, 15-30 kg/ha of phosphorus and 25-60 kg/ha of potassium.

Seeds must be dressed before sowing, and directly at sowing they are inoculated with nodule bacteria (rhizotorphin). Conventional dressing machines are not suitable for inoculating soybean seeds, since rhizotorphin particles are large enough and do not pass through the nozzle and filters of conventional equipment, and rhizotorphin in liquid form is more difficult to use. Some farmers use a concrete mixer for this, others carry out inoculation in the back of a truck, followed by breaking up the resulting lumps in a seeder. The consumption of the working solution is about 70-80 liters per 1 ton.

Some farmers do not use rhizotorphin, but before sowing they add ammonium nitrate to the soil. On the one hand, this increases the cost of production, but allows you to ensure good yields.

Sowing is carried out in the third decade of April - the first and second decade of May when the soil warms up to a temperature of 10-15°C. Late-ripening varieties are sown first, and only at the end - early-ripening ones. Seeds are sown to a depth of 450-700 mm. Row spacing is 0.4-0.6 m. Seeding rate depends on plant variety, sowing method and weed control. The average sowing density is 35-40 seeds per meter. With an increase in the row spacing, the seeding rate also increases by 10-20%.

After the emergence of seedlings, it is necessary to regularly destroy weed plants and loosen the row spacing. After the appearance of 5-6 true leaves, the plants begin to bloom. At this stage, nitrophoska (mineral nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer) is introduced into the soil, watered abundantly and covered with earth. The ripening period ranges from 85 to 245 days, depending on the variety and climatic conditions of the growing region. For example, early soybean varieties ripen by the end of July, and late varieties by October. The crop is removed after the leaves fall and the beans acquire a grayish color. Before digging the site, the stems of the plants are pulled out, and the fallen leaves are buried in the ground to speed up their decay. Before threshing, the beans are laid out in the sun, where they are opened or husked, then winnowed and poured into bags. You can also use ordinary archers to store soybeans. The main thing is that the humidity level in it does not exceed 14-15% (optimal - 12%). Soybeans that are too wet can be dried using special equipment, but this is too costly a process that significantly increases the cost of the finished product.

The yield depends on the region, on the variety and on weather conditions. The average yield without irrigation is 10 centners per hectare, and with irrigation - 25 centners per hectare. Early varieties give the highest yield in most regions.

Experienced farmers know that sowing and growing soybeans is not the most difficult thing. It is much more difficult to harvest the resulting crop. Combines are used for this (usually "Don"). Although the soybean crop must be harvested in a short time (for some varieties it is only 3-5 days), otherwise the beans will crack and crumble to the ground, but it is very difficult to do this even with a sufficient amount of equipment. One harvester can harvest a maximum of 20 ha per day, provided the fields are well cultivated and free of weeds. But in fact, this figure is much less - about 5 hectares. And even in this case, the yield losses are very significant. During harvesting, it is necessary to ensure that the soybean stalks do not fall into the combine drum, otherwise there is a high risk of breakage.

To grow soybeans, you will need the following equipment: a pneumatic seeder (sunflower, grain or beet seeders can be used), a cultivator, equipment for inoculation and harrowing, harvesters.

The profitability of this business is 25%. To increase the profitability of the business, experts advise purchasing an extruder for the production of soy "meat". This is an inexpensive and fairly compact equipment that allows for the processing of beans. The product yield is up to 25 tons per 30 tons of feedstock.

Soy is one of the most popular crops in crop production. It belongs to the legume family, has a high yield and grows on almost any type of soil, with the exception of sandy. Soybeans contain a large amount of vegetable protein. They have the widest application: they are used for cooking various dishes and in food production (protein products for vegetarians, cheeses, sausages, meatballs, soups, etc.), as well as feed for farm animals. Bean seeds are used to make soy flour, which in turn is used to make soy meat. Soybean oil (which is considered one of the best vegetable oils) and soy milk (white seeds are used for this) are obtained from the seeds. Soy liquid sauce is prepared from fermented soybeans. Pressed beans are used to produce soybean meal.

Demand for soybeans is consistently high. It costs much more than wheat and is much less subject to price fluctuations. The demand for soybean and its products is increasing every year with the growth of poultry meat production and the developing livestock and pig breeding. For all these reasons, soybean farming is a profitable and highly profitable business. However, as in any other direction, there are certain features that must be taken into account.

Soy is a demanding crop

The main phases of soybean growth include germination (from seed to shoot), emergence (from cotyledons to primordial leaves), formation of the first trifoliate leaf, branching, bud emergence, flowering, pod formation, seeding and maturation. Under favorable conditions, soybean seedlings can be seen already on the 6-9th day after sowing. Soybeans no longer grow during seeding, and during the ripening of the beans, the plants shed their leaves. In most varieties, ripe beans do not crack, and the plants themselves do not fall, which makes it easier to harvest.

For some reason, it is widely believed that soy is an unpretentious plant. In fact, it is a light-loving and heat-demanding culture. With a lack of lighting, the plant stems and leaf cuttings lengthen, which prevents the formation of lateral shoots and beans, or even the fall of previously formed ovaries in the lower part of the plant. The greatest need for heat falls on the phases of flowering and fruit formation. The optimum air temperature during this period is 21-22°C. At a temperature of 14 ° C and below, the plant does not grow and does not develop. At the beginning and end of the growing season, the need for heat is much lower. Moreover, at this time, plants even relatively calmly tolerate frosts down to -2-3.5 ° C.

In addition to light and heat, soybean needs a lot of moisture, but this need also depends on the growth period of the plant. Soybeans are relatively drought tolerant in their early growth period, before flowers appear, although lack of moisture can have some negative effect on plant productivity and lower bean development. But with a lack of moisture during flowering, the formation of ovaries and the filling of seeds, you should not count on large volumes of the crop. With the intensive development of green mass, the area of ​​​​the evaporating surface of the plant increases, therefore, with the beginning of flowering, moisture consumption also increases. During the period of flowering and the formation of beans, soybeans are also demanding on air humidity. At low humidity during this period, new ones are not formed and existing flowers and beans are shed.

Experts advise growing soybeans in weed-free fields with optimal nutrient and moisture supplies. Do not forget that for a good harvest, this plant needs two to three times more nutrients than cereals. This means that the soil for growing soybeans must be fertile and cultivated, otherwise you cannot do without the additional cost of applying a large amount of fertilizer. There are no particular preferences for soil types, but neutral or slightly acidic (pH 5.5-6.5), well-permeable soil rich in phosphorus, humus and calcium is best suited.

Like all legumes, soybean is a valuable crop in crop rotation. It can be sown in fields where grains (best of all - winter wheat), corn, sugar beets, potatoes, perennial grasses grew before. Other leguminous crops, perennial leguminous grasses, cabbage crops and sunflowers are unsuitable as predecessors because of the danger of the spread of bacteriosis and other diseases. Part of the crops susceptible to sclerotinosis (for example, rapeseed, soybean, sunflower) should not exceed 33% in the crop rotation. After soybeans, it is recommended to sow the field with winter wheat, other grain crops, corn, rapeseed, fodder and vegetable crops. Keep in mind that late crop harvesting in some regions of our country does not allow growing winter crops after soybeans. Soy greatly impoverishes the soil with nutrients, so it must be borne in mind that it is recommended to return soy to its original place no earlier than after two years. Thus, you will need to regularly look for new crop areas for each year.

As for the regions suitable for growing soybeans, it all depends on the correct choice of varieties. More than 80% of soybean sown areas in our country are located in the Krasnodar Territory and the Far East (Amur Region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories). The main soybean varieties are cultivated here - Venera, Primorskaya 13, Primorskaya 301, Primorskaya 69, Primorskaya 81, Primorskaya 529, Hodson, VIR-14, Vityaz-50. Soer 1, Sauer 3, Sauer 4, Sauer 5, Sauer 7 varieties are suitable for the Middle Volga region, and early and mid-ripening varieties Belgorodskaya, 48, Svetlaya, Yaselda, Luchezarnaya are suitable for the central strip. Belor, Okskaya, Mageva varieties are characterized by early maturity and at the same time good yield.

The yield in the most favorable conditions of the North Caucasus reaches 40-45 centners per hectare, in Primorye and in the central zone - more than 20 centners per hectare. In the Ural regions, the yield is about 10-15 centners per hectare. True, wheat yields in this region are about the same as soybeans, and given the fact that soybeans contain three times more protein than wheat, growing this crop is still profitable even here.

Soybean varieties differ not only in terms of requirements for agro-climatic and natural conditions, but also in terms of purpose. For example, there are varieties intended for oil-feed use or food-oriented soy protein production. It is also necessary to take into account the purchase price, composition, ratio of the main ingredients of the grain and the yield of a particular variety. Please note: in our country it is forbidden to grow genetically modified soybeans, although it has become widespread abroad due to the fact that this crop is not so demanding and cheaper than ordinary soybeans.

soybean cultivation

The field intended for crops must be prepared in advance. First, in the fall, one or two peelings are made to a depth of 8-10 cm and fertilizers are applied for plowing. If grain crops were previously grown on this field, then fertilizers are applied to a depth of 22-25 cm, and if corn, then to a depth of 25-30 cm. In early spring, heavy, medium or light harrows are harrowed across or at an angle to the direction of plowing. In principle, the pre-sowing cultivation of the field is not much different from the cultivation of the soil for other legumes. Its main goal is the destruction of weeds and the preservation of moisture. If the field was not leveled in autumn, if it is littered with weeds or carrion, during a long, cold winter, cultivation is carried out in the spring to a depth of 6-8 cm, followed by rolling. It allows you to raise the temperature of the seed bed by a couple of degrees and stimulates the germination of weeds, which are then removed. For seedbed cultivation, which is carried out to a depth of 4-5 cm across or at an angle in the direction of previous cultivations, fallow or beet cultivators with flat-cut shares will be required. The field for sowing should be as flat as possible and without lumps. This is due to the fact that soybeans are located quite low. An uneven surface makes harvesting difficult. The height of the ridges and the depth of the furrows should not exceed four centimeters.

Soil herbicides are applied after sowing to the emergence of seedlings using harrows to a depth of at least three centimeters or ring-spur rollers (in this case, the effectiveness of nitrogen-fixing bacteria increases). If there are rhizomatous and root-sprout weeds on the field, then pre-sowing treatment is recommended not to be carried out, but to wait for the wheatgrass to grow to 10-15 cm and sow. Then, 3-4 days after sowing, before soybean seedlings appear, the fields are treated with a roundup herbicide of continuous action. Fertilizer consumption is 10-20 kg/ha of nitrogen, 15-30 kg/ha of phosphorus and 25-60 kg/ha of potassium.

Seeds must be dressed before sowing, and directly at sowing they are inoculated with nodule bacteria (rhizotorphin). Conventional dressing machines are not suitable for inoculating soybean seeds, since rhizotorphin particles are large enough and do not pass through the nozzle and filters of conventional equipment, and rhizotorphin in liquid form is more difficult to use. Some farmers use a concrete mixer for this, others carry out inoculation in the back of a truck, followed by breaking up the resulting lumps in a seeder. The consumption of the working solution is about 70-80 liters per 1 ton.

Some farmers do not use rhizotorphin, but before sowing they add ammonium nitrate to the soil. On the one hand, this increases the cost of production, but allows you to ensure good yields.

Sowing is carried out in the third decade of April - the first and second decade of May when the soil warms up to a temperature of 10-15°C. Late-ripening varieties are sown first, and only at the end - early-ripening ones. Seeds are sown to a depth of 450-700 mm. Row spacing is 0.4-0.6 m. Seeding rate depends on plant variety, sowing method and weed control. The average sowing density is 35-40 seeds per meter. With an increase in the row spacing, the seeding rate also increases by 10-20%.

After the emergence of seedlings, it is necessary to regularly destroy weed plants and loosen the row spacing. After the appearance of 5-6 true leaves, the plants begin to bloom. At this stage, nitrophoska (mineral nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer) is introduced into the soil, watered abundantly and covered with earth. The ripening period ranges from 85 to 245 days, depending on the variety and climatic conditions of the growing region. For example, early soybean varieties ripen by the end of July, and late varieties by October. The crop is removed after the leaves fall and the beans acquire a grayish color. Before digging the site, the stems of the plants are pulled out, and the fallen leaves are buried in the ground to speed up their decay. Before threshing, the beans are laid out in the sun, where they are opened or husked, then winnowed and poured into bags. You can also use ordinary archers to store soybeans. The main thing is that the humidity level in it does not exceed 14-15% (optimal - 12%). Soybeans that are too wet can be dried using special equipment, but this is too costly a process that significantly increases the cost of the finished product.

The yield depends on the region, on the variety and on weather conditions. The average yield without irrigation is 10 centners per hectare, and with irrigation - 25 centners per hectare. Early varieties give the highest yield in most regions.

Experienced farmers know that sowing and growing soybeans is not the most difficult thing. It is much more difficult to harvest the resulting crop. Combines are used for this (usually "Don"). Although the soybean crop must be harvested in a short time (for some varieties it is only 3-5 days), otherwise the beans will crack and crumble to the ground, but it is very difficult to do this even with a sufficient amount of equipment. One harvester can harvest a maximum of 20 ha per day, provided the fields are well cultivated and free of weeds. But in fact, this figure is much less - about 5 hectares. And even in this case, the yield losses are very significant. During harvesting, it is necessary to ensure that the soybean stalks do not fall into the combine drum, otherwise there is a high risk of breakage.

To grow soybeans, you will need the following equipment: a pneumatic seeder (sunflower, grain or beet seeders can be used), a cultivator, equipment for inoculation and harrowing, harvesters.

The profitability of this business is 25%. To increase the profitability of the business, experts advise purchasing an extruder for the production of soy "meat". This is an inexpensive and fairly compact equipment that allows for the processing of beans. The product yield is up to 25 tons per 30 tons of feedstock.

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Soy is a very popular type of legume that is used in many areas of business, and therefore there is a demand in the market of wholesale buyers and it makes sense to start working in this direction. Soy contains a large amount of vegetable protein, which makes it an indispensable product even for vegetarians.

The main areas of application of soy:

• food sector (meat products, sausages, sausages, products for vegetarians, semi-finished products, etc.).
• as animal feed. This is the largest segment of the market, and it is here that it is most realistic to find wholesale buyers of finished products.
• for the production of soy flour. It is subsequently used for the manufacture of soy meat.
• for making soy sauce. It is often used to prepare many dishes.
• soy milk and cake are also made from this product.

In this article, we will try to briefly review how to start a soybean business and what you will need for this.

Growing conditions

Soy itself is a very heat-loving plant, and this may cause certain concerns among businessmen, since there is a risk of not getting a full crop and all this will depend on weather conditions. But there are risks everywhere. It is worth saying that soybeans are most sensitive to temperature during flowering and bean formation. The optimal temperature level for this period is at around 21 - 22 degrees. If the temperature drops to 14 degrees or below, then the growth of the plant stops, and subsequently you can get a poor harvest. At the very beginning and end of the growing season, soybeans are not so sensitive to temperature changes and can even withstand light frosts.

The second condition for good soybean growth is moisture. It should be enough, and if it can be left out for the first period after planting, then the lack of moisture during flowering and pod formation can significantly reduce the yield of the plant, and you will lose profit. It should be noted that as the size of the green mass develops, the volume of water for irrigation should also be increased.

Soy is very demanding on the soil. So the landing site should be ennobled, cleared of weeds and it should have a normal level of stocks of useful things. If your land does not fit these parameters, then you should be guided by the fact that you will need to apply fertilizer in a volume greater than 2 times than when planting any other grain. The soil should be fertilized with humus, phosphorus and calcium.

The best precursors for soybeans are corn, beets, potatoes and grasses. Poor predecessors are beans, sunflower, cabbage.

In fact, soybean is very depleting of the soil for the presence of nutrients, and planting it in the second year, in the same place, makes no sense, since the yield will be minimal. The best solution is to alternate it with other plants, and return to soy every 2 years. If you decide to engage exclusively in the cultivation of soybeans, then every year you will need to rent different areas for planting this plant.

The most popular soybean varieties are: Venus, varieties such as Primorskaya, Hod-son, VIR-14, Vityaz-50, varieties Sauer, Belgorodskaya, Radiant, Svetlaya, Yaselda, Belor, Mageva, Okskaya.

If we consider the yield, then the main role is played by the conditions in which the plant grows. So in a warmer and more humid climate, businessmen grow 40-50 centners per 1 hectare. At an average temperature level of about 20 centners. In a cool climate, the yield is no more than 10 centners per 1 hectare.

Soybean growing technology

The soil for planting soybeans has been prepared since autumn, fertilizers are applied to it. They are applied to a depth of 20 to 30 cm. The essence of spring soil preparation is to level the site, get rid of weeds and loosen the ground, and provide the desired level of moisture. Site leveling is necessary because soybeans are very close to the ground and uneven ground can interfere with harvesting.

Herbicides are added to the ground after sowing, but before the plant sprouts. Usually they are added to a depth of about 3 cm. If we talk about the consumption of fertilizers in the spring, then they are needed: about 15 kg of nitrogen per 1 ha of area, about 20 kg of phosphorus and about 25-60 kg of potassium per 1 ha of sown area. Preparation of sowing seeds consists of two stages: dressing and inoculation with nodule bacteria. Some of the farmers use ammonium nitrate, but it increases the cost of soybeans, but at the same time helps to increase the yield.

Sowing is carried out in late April, early May, when the earth warms up to 10 - 15 degrees. The late varieties are sown first in turn, after which the areas with early soybeans are sown.

The aisle during sowing is left about 0.4 - 0.6 meters, in order to make it convenient to care for the plant. Seed consumption is about 40 seeds per meter.

After the first shoots appear on the field, you will need to regularly clean the sown area from weeds and water when necessary. When the plant begins to bloom, especially monitor the level of soil moisture and add mineral fertilizer. The fruit ripening period varies from 85 to 245 days, everything will depend on the variety and climate. Early soybeans are harvested at the end of July, and late soybeans are harvested in October. After the leaves fall off and the fruits themselves turn gray, they are harvested. The stems are pulled out, threshed and dried in the sun, after which they are packed in bags. It is worth storing the crop in bags in a dry room, otherwise you will have to dry the wet soybeans, and this is quite a costly business and will reduce the profitability of the business. But you still need to foresee this moment in your business plan for growing soybeans.

On average, the market yield of soybean per 1 ha is about 10 centners without irrigation and about 20 centners with the organization of the irrigation system.

Harvest with a combine.

The profitability of this business is at the level of 25% - 30%.

Conclusions. Soybean growing business is not suitable for everyone, as it has a number of features and requires a detailed study of the crop sales system.

Are you into soy and have something to tell? Give some advice for readers of our site.

Description

Ready-made business plan for growing wheat and soybeans with a granary (with financial calculations)

The automated financial and economic model of the project was developed according to author's methodology ECC "Invest-Project" taking into account international recommendations UNIDO and requirements Rosselkhozbank specifically for grain, wheat and soybean projects.

When buying a ready-made business plan fin. model provided free of charge.

The finished business plan contains 175 pages, 50 tables, 33 graphic arts, 10 diagrams and 2 drawing.

Payment currency: ruble.

Planning period: 120 months (10 years), 2018 - 2027

Planning methodology: UNIDO international recommendations, own methods.

The purpose of the business plan: calculation of key financial, economic and marketing parameters of a crop growing project to justify its economic efficiency, develop technical specifications for design and attract funding.

The essence of the project

According to the project, it is planned to purchase and restore the circulation of agricultural land for cultivation wheat And soybeans for their further processing.

Estimated value of the land - *** thousand roubles. / ha.

Yield and sown area

At the same time, it is planned phased purchase and introduction of land into circulation.

In accordance with the plan for introducing land into circulation, it is planned to acquire *** units agricultural machinery in leasing.

The proposed supplier of agricultural machinery for leasing is the Russian representative office of the American manufacturer John Deere or European manufacturer CLAAS.

Key indicators of the project

* Subsidies must be agreed with local authorities

Key financial indicators of the project:

• total revenue for the forecast period (10 years): *** million rubles;
• average monthly revenue for the forecast period: *** million rubles / month;
• profitability: ** %;
• book value of property: *** million rubles;
• VAT refundable: *** million rubles;
• breakeven sales volume: *** rub. / month, ** % of the planned yield;
• Project NPV: *** million rubles;
• Project PI: *** b/r;
• Project IRR: ** %;
• loan rate: ** % per annum;
• payback period: *** months;
• loan term: *** months;
• accrued interest on the loan: *** million rubles
• lease advance: ** %;
• percentage increase in the cost of leasing: ** % / year;
• lease term: ** months.

Attractiveness of the Russian agricultural market

Grain farming in the Russian Federation occupies a key position in the economy of the agro-industrial complex.

According to Rosstat, the gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops in Russia in 2016 amounted to 120,67 million tons.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Rosstat, soybean sown areas in Russia in 2016 in farms of all categories amounted to *** thousand ha. For comparison, even 10 years ago (in 2006) soybean sown areas occupied only *** thousand hectares, 15 years ago (in 2001) - *** thousand ha.

Produced in 2016 *** thousand tons of soybeans (in 2015 - *** thousand tons) with a yield of 15,8 c/ha (in 2015 - 13,9 q/ha).

According to the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation, in 2016 the volume of imports of soybeans to Russia amounted to *** million tons, having increased by ** % compared to 2015. In value terms, soybeans were imported to Russia for *** million dollars

According to Rosstat, in 2016, the average price of agricultural producers for sold soybeans in the Russian Federation was *** thousand roubles./ t. It's on ** % above the 2015 price.

The wheat harvest in 2016 amounted to *** million tons. The average price of agricultural producers for sold soft wheat of the 4th class. in the Russian Federation in 2016 amounted to *** rub./t (+0.1%), for feed wheat - *** RUB/t (-0.2%). The volume of wheat exports from Russia in 2016 amounted to *** thousand tons, which is ** % or at *** thousand tons more than in 2015.

Even 10 years ago, soybeans were actively cultivated only in the Far East and in some regions of the Southern Federal District. In recent years, soybean cultivation in the Central Federal District has been actively developed, which is associated with growing demand for soybean processing products from the livestock industry (the increase in meat production in the Russian Federation is mainly due to the farms of the Central Federal District).

Soybean cultivation in Russia has huge growth potential. The market remains scarce, and the shortage of soybeans can only be compensated by increase in crops. The capacities available in the country allow processing over *** million tons, and they are growing faster than the expansion of agricultural production.

By 2030, grain consumption for industrial processing is expected to increase to *** million tons per year, of which up to *** million tons will be the deep processing of grain for the production of native and modified starches, glucose-fructose syrups, organic acids, bioethanol and other biochemical products.

To interest a potential investor and calculate the economy, it is also necessary business-plan. In addition, the possibility remains state support in the form of reimbursement of part of the costs of the purchase agricultural machinery and for the restoration of turnover agricultural land.

The finished business plan contains 175 pages, 50 tables, 33 graphic arts, 10 diagrams and 2 drawing.

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The finished business plan contains 175 pages, 50 tables, 33 graphic arts, 10 diagrams and 2 drawing.

Expand

List of tables

Table 1. Productivity and sown area.

Table 2. Key indicators of the project.

Table 3. Project performance indicators.

Table 4. Gross harvest of agricultural crops by federal districts, 2012-2016, thous.

Table 5. Gross harvest of soybeans by federal districts, 2010-2016, thousand centners

Table 6. Imports of soybeans (crushed or non-crushed) in value and physical terms, 2014-2017, thousand dollars, tons.

Table 7. Export of soybeans (crushed or non-crushed) in value and physical terms, 2014-2017, thousand dollars, tons.

Table 8. Prices of agricultural producers for soybeans by federal districts, 2010-2016, rub./t.

Table 9. Average prices of agricultural producers for soybeans by regions of the Central Federal District, 20111-2016, rub./t.

Table 10. Approximate seeding rates for soybean seeds by zones of the Russian Federation, thousand units/ha.

Table 11. Soybean varieties included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation as of 03.08.2017

Table 12. Regions of tolerance for the cultivation of soybean varieties included in the State Register.

Table 13. Gross harvest of wheat by regions of the Russian Federation, 2013-2016, thous.

Table 14. Balance of production and consumption of wheat in Russia.

Table 15. Exchange quotations for wheat as of June 29, 2017

Table 16. Sales prices of wheat by agricultural organizations by regions, 2011-2016, rub./t.

Table 17

Table 19. Schedule of project financing.

Table 20. Monthly subsidies receipt plan.

Table 21. Plan for receipt of subsidies by years.

Table 22. Taxation.

Table 23. Calculation of the production capacity of the enterprise.

Table 24. Planned indicators of the project.

Table 25. Production plan and revenue receipts on a monthly basis.

Table 26. Production plan and revenue receipts by years.

Table 27. Parameters of current costs.

Table 28. Calculation of current costs on a monthly basis, 2018-2027.

Table 29. Calculation of current costs by years.

Table 30. Parameters of direct costs.

Table 31. Fuel consumption parameters.

Table 32. Prices for seeds.

Table 33. Calculation of direct material costs per month.

Table 34. Calculation of direct material costs by years.

Table 35. Personnel and wage fund.

Table 36. Personnel attraction plan and wage fund.

Table 37. Calculation of depreciation from capital costs.

Table 38. Structure and volume of investment costs.

Table 39. Profit and loss plan monthly.

Table 40. Profit and loss plan by years.

Table 41. GTC indicators.

Table 42. Monthly cash flow plan.

Table 43. Cash flow plan by years.

Table 45. Plan for attracting and returning borrowed funds.

Table 46. Investment performance indicators.

Table 47. Calculation of the NPV value of the project and the discount rate.

Table 48. Sensitivity of NPV to changes in key project parameters.

Table 49. Calculation of break-even sales volume.

Table 50. Financial analysis of the project.

List of charts

Chart 1. Yield plan, tons.

Chart 2. Revenue plan, rub.

Chart 3. Plan for putting arable land into circulation (ha).

Chart 4. Plan for the purchase of agricultural equipment (units).

Chart 5. Current costs, rub.

Chart 6. Direct costs (rubles).

Chart 7. Financial results, rub.

Chart 8. Attraction and repayment of debt, rub.

Chart 9. NPV of the project and undiscounted cash flow, rub.

Chart 10. Dynamics of inflation and GDP in Russia, 2003-2020 (forecast), %.

Chart 11. Soybean sown areas in the Russian Federation, 2010-2016, thousand ha.

Chart 12. Dynamics of the gross soybean harvest in the Russian Federation, 2010-2016, thousand centners.

Chart 13. Dynamics of soybean yield in the Russian Federation, 2010-2016, c/ha.

Chart 14. Dynamics of average annual prices of agricultural producers for soybeans in the Federal District, 2010-2016, rub./t.

Chart 15. Dynamics of the gross wheat harvest in the Russian Federation, 2013-2016, thous.

Chart 16. Dynamics of average prices of agricultural producers for wheat by class, rub./t.

Chart 17. Schedule of project financing.

Chart 18. Plan for the purchase of agricultural machinery, units

Chart 19. Plan for putting arable land into circulation, ha.

Chart 20. Yield plan, tn.

Chart 21. Dynamics of receipt of proceeds (rubles).

Chart 22. Dynamics of current costs (rubles).

Chart 23. Dynamics of direct costs (rubles).

Chart 24. Revenue, costs, profit (rubles).

Chart 25. Dynamics of net profit (rubles).

Chart 26. Financial results (rubles).

Chart 27. Receipt and repayment of borrowed funds (rubles).

Chart 28. Debt service (RUB).

Chart 29. Sensitivity of NPV to the discount rate.

Chart 30. NPV of the project and undiscounted cash flow (RUB).

Chart 31. Payments to the investor on an accrual basis (rubles).

Chart 32. Sensitivity of NPV to changes in key project parameters.

Chart 33. Calculation of the break-even point.

List of diagrams

Diagram 1. Funding sources.

Diagram 2. Structure of soybean production by regions of the Russian Federation, 2016, %.

Chart 3. Structure of soybean imports in the Russian Federation by importing countries, 2016, %.

Diagram 4. The structure of wheat exports from the Russian Federation by recipient countries, %.

Diagram 5. Use of soy protein by food industry in the Russian Federation, %.

Diagram 6. Structure of tax deductions.

Diagram 7. Structure of current costs, %.

Diagram 8. Structure of direct costs (%).

Diagram 9. Structure of initial investments.

Diagram 10. Cost structure in the 10th year of project implementation, %.

List of drawings

Figure 1. Key uses for soy.

Figure 2. The main channels for the sale of grain.

Total 175 pages, 50 tables, 33 graphic arts, 10 diagrams and 2 drawing.