Essay on A.S.

Topic: The image of Chatsky in the system of images of the comedy "Woe from Wit"

Lesson Objectives:

• to continue the formation of skills in the analysis of a dramatic work, to stimulate the independence of students in the search for answers to the questions posed;
• develop the skills of comparative analysis, the ability to highlight the main thing, generalize, draw conclusions, develop the speech of students;
• to educate the moral qualities of students (conscience, duty, honesty).

During the classes

I. Organizational moment of the lesson.

Teacher's word:

Hello guys! Let's wish each other success. Today we will continue to study the comedy “Woe from Wit”, we will talk about representatives of the Famus society, we will see how different the opinions of the younger generation on certain things can be.

II. Checking homework.

Questions:

III. Conversation on previously studied material

Questions:

1. What genre is comedy? Why? Remember - 4 actions, prototypes of heroes, living language, 3 unities, speaking surnames;
2. In what phenomenon and action does Chatsky appear? Is this normal?;
3. Why is there so much space given to the description of Famusov's house in Act I?;
4. Who would you classify as "the current age" and who as "the past age"? What is the main thing for them, we could learn from the presentation;
5. Which of the characters do you like? What moral qualities does this character have?

IV. Exploring a new topic

1 / Characteristics of the main character according to the plan

1. Chatsky's personal drama.
2. What is Chatsky protesting against; what are his own ideals?
3. Is Chatsky alone?
4. Who is Chatsky - the winner or the loser?
5. The meaning of the image of Chatsky.

1. Word of the teacher (recording the topic in notebooks)

So, in the center of our views - Chatsky Alexander Andreevich - the smartest person who was supposed to become a hero of his time. Griboedov was the first in Russian literature to create a realistic image of a positive hero who embodied in his worldview the real features of a man of the 19th century. Chatsky and another young man named Molchalin are contemporaries. And how could they not be the support and hope of their country. But what path will they choose? What is the main thing for them? Do they need society?

1 Chatsky is excited, animated, happy. His presence is endearing. But he does not know that Sophia does not love him.

1. Chatsky in the fight against the old world.

: It would seem that vice is not punished, and virtue does not triumph in comedy. However, the reader is firmly convinced of Chatsky's moral victory over the old world.

1. Reading a fragment of the article by I.A. Goncharov "Million torments" about Chatsky. Slide 7
2. Word of the teacher about the meaning of the image of Chatsky.

The significance of the image of Chatsky is not only in the exposure of the old world, but also in the approval of new, Decembrist ideals. In Chatsky they are clearly expressed: he demands the liberation of a enslaved personality, respect for the common people, the development of science and national culture, freedom of opinion, free choice of professions, a fair assessment of a person by his qualities.

1. Is Chatsky alone?

At first glance, it seems that Chatsky is completely alone. But if you read the play, you can see that behind Chatsky are his like-minded people. In addition to Skalozub's cousin, Prince Fyodor, and the professors of the Pedagogical Institute, who "practice" "in schisms and disbelief," they also include those students who studied with these professors.

So, the circle of Chatsky's like-minded people is wider than it seems at first glance.

1. Chatsky is a typical image. There were not so many people like him in Russian life, a minority protested, but Griboedov realized that such people were the future, and created the image of an advanced person in the first period of the liberation movement in Russia.

4. Class work with the table.

The guys work with the table “Comparative characteristics of Chatsky and Molchalin” (summarize the conclusions of 2 students).

Fizminutka (conducted by the teacher).

5. Generalization on the whole topic

Conclusions. Living like Molchalin is unacceptable (constantly pleasing everyone, being dishonest, constantly deceiving, etc.). “I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to serve,” - such is the position of Chatsky. Naturally, we see differences between these representatives of the younger generation. A person chooses the path that he will follow ...

V. The results of the lesson.

Questions:

• Why don't representatives of the Famus society accept Chatsky?
• Who is the "real" sincere person in comedy?
• Which of the comedy heroes should be closer to us?
• What associations do you have with the names of Chatsky and Molchalin?
• What do you remember about today's lesson? Will the knowledge you acquired in the lesson help you write an essay if such a topic is announced?

VI. Homework:

1. analysis of Chatsky's monologue (from the last act) in writing. characterization of Chatsky's image based on monologues
2. article uch.s.152-157

VII. Exposing motivated grades to students for the lesson.

There are different statements about the genre of A.S. Griboyedov’s play “Woe from Wit”. It is called both comedy and drama.
Let's start with the arguments in favor of comedy. Indeed, in the play, the main technique used by the author is comic inconsistencies. So, for example, Famusov, a manager in a state-owned place, says this about his attitude to business: "My custom like this: / Signed, so off your shoulders. Comic inconsistencies are encountered in the speech and behavior of the characters. Famusov preaches his modesty in front of Sophia: "Monastic known for behavior, and at the same time we see him flirting with Lisa: "Oh! potion, spoiler…”. The first stage direction of the play already bears traces of comic inconsistency: to the sounds of a flute and piano that are heard from Sophia's bedroom, "Lizanka is sleeping in the middle of the room, hanging from armchairs." To create comic situations, the “talk of the deaf” technique is used: Chatsky’s monologue in act III, the conversation of the countess-grandmother with Prince Tugoukhovsky. The language of the play is the language of comedy (colloquial, accurate, light, witty, rich in aphorisms). In addition, the traditional comic roles are preserved in the play: Chatsky is an unlucky lover, Molchalin is a successful lover and cunning, Famusov is a father whom everyone deceives, Liza is a shrewd, clever servant. All this allows us to rightfully classify the play "Woe from Wit" as a comedy.
But comedy is based on a dramatic conflict between the hero and society, and it is not resolved in a comedic way. The drama of the protagonist Chatsky lies in the fact that he suffers grief from his mind, which is deep in its critical attitude towards the world of famous and pufferfish. Chatsky condemns the inhumanity of serfdom, he is disgusted by the lack of freedom of thought in a noble society, he is full of sincere patriotism: “Will we ever rise again from the foreign power of fashion? / So that our smart, peppy people / Although the language did not consider us Germans". In a society "where he is famous, whose neck often bent", Chatsky's independence makes him a "dangerous person."
The second argument in favor of the drama is the personal tragedy of Chatsky, the collapse of his hopes in relations with Sophia. Chatsky cannot understand how Sophia can love the insignificant Molchalin: “Here I am donated to whom!” But the last blow for Chatsky is the news that Sophia "she herself called him crazy." Insignificance does not tolerate high things in its environment, which confuses, teases low people. And it declares nobility to be madness. Chatsky is a tragic hero who finds himself in a comic situation.
The combination of comedy and drama in Griboyedov's play is organic. Both sides of life - dramatic and comedic - are considered in the play in close connection with each other.

The comedy of Alexander Griboyedov brought huge success and celebrity to the author himself, and his main character, Chatsky, became a prominent representative of the revolutionary-minded youth of that time, who could no longer live the way the older generation lived, mired in bribes and servility. Many critics of that time noted that if there were no Chatsky in Griboedov's work, then it would be empty and meaningless, and few people could be interested in the content of such a work.

Alexander Andreevich does not appear in Griboyedov's story right away, but the author first introduces the reader to the Famusovs' house, where the rest of the important events of the comedy will unfold in the future. The first to remember him was a maid in the Famusovs' house, who only spoke well of him. She noted his qualities of character: smart, educated, cheerful, honest and sharp. When Chatsky, who spent a long time abroad, studying there and traveling, learning about the world, first appears in the Famusovs' house, a great commotion is caused. It turns out that they have a long acquaintance with Sofia Famusova, because they practically grew up together. While he traveled, he hoped that she was waiting for him and now he was even going to marry her.

But Chatsky is shown by the author as a brave and open person who has a negative attitude to any injustice, and, of course, to lies. He understands that with his mind and education, he can and should benefit his Fatherland, so prepare for a serious service, where all his knowledge will come in handy. But the Russian reality disappoints him, as secular society rejects him, and his knowledge turns out to be superfluous, and modern high society even frightens this.

The justification for this behavior of the society, which is ruled by Famusov and others like him, lies in the fact that Alexander Andreevich adheres to advanced ideas, he is against those traditions that have long been formed in the secular society of the nineteenth century. For example, he absolutely does not accept and speaks negatively about cringing, because, in his opinion, it is necessary to serve not individuals, but the common cause. Therefore, with great indignation, he speaks of the Famus society, which is simply mired in a multitude of vices. It is sickening for him to serve in front of people who do nothing for the development of their country, but only dream of moving up the career ladder and lining their pockets. Alexander Andreevich is not only young, but hot, and open, so he is ready to sacrifice everything to serve for the good of the country's development, and the Famus society, where he ends up after returning to his homeland and places familiar from childhood, he is called scoundrels, although noble .

Chatsky boldly and openly opposes the order that prevails in the country. For example, serfdom, which enslaves the people, makes you think that a person, even a poor one, can be mocked like that. The young hero Alexander Griboyedov is presented by the author as a true patriot of his Motherland, who is ready to fight for order and justice to finally reign in his country.

Therefore, he also comes into conflict with a society that does not want to accept his new advanced ideas, which frighten him. He also speaks against the tsar, who cannot in any way stop this lawlessness against the peasants. He has a conflict not only with high society, with Famusov, the father of his bride, Molchalin, who is slowly moving up the career ladder and is ready to humiliate himself and become vile for this. But it is striking that it is Sophia, Chatsky's bride, who also comes into conflict with him when she is the first to spread a rumor about him that he is crazy.

Yes, Alexander Chatsky's speeches are too open, straightforward and bold. He is not afraid to tell the whole truth, and in this he is close to the Decembrists. Believe that he will not stumble from the work he has begun. He knows exactly the goal and will go to it. And he will definitely be the winner, because he is always a warrior, a righteous and angry denouncer of meanness and sycophancy.

Chatsky is not in Moscow for long, as he does not find support in anyone. Even Sofya, a young and educated girl, turned out to be weak and easily succumbed to the influence of a society in which the Famusovs and Molchalins thrive. But she also betrayed her friend and fiancé, chose Molchalin, who loves not her at all, but the state and position in society of her father.

Chatsky is depicted by the author as a real fighter, a warrior who has noble features, dignity and honor. All this was manifested not only in his passionate speeches, but also in actions in which he did not allow himself to become like Sophia's father and become one of them. It was people like the young and noble hero Alexander Griboyedov who made the life of the serfs change, and the common people finally became free.

The image of Chatsky in the comedy "Woe from Wit"

"The main role, of course, is the role of Chatsky, without which there would be no comedy, but, perhaps, there would be a picture of morals."

(I.A. Goncharov)

One cannot but agree with Goncharov. Yes, the figure of Chatsky determines the conflict of the comedy, both of its storylines. The play was written in those days (1816-
1824), when young people like Chatsky brought new ideas and moods to society. In the monologues and remarks of Chatsky, in all his actions, what was most important for the future Decembrists was expressed: the spirit of liberty, free life, the feeling that "he breathes more freely than anyone." Freedom of the individual is the motive of time and Griboedov's comedy. And freedom from decrepit ideas about love, marriage, honor, service, the meaning of life. Chatsky and his like-minded people strive for “creative, lofty and beautiful arts”, dream “to put the mind hungry for knowledge into science”, crave “sublime love, in front of which the whole world ... is dust and vanity”. They would like to see all people free and equal.

Chatsky's desire is to serve the fatherland, "the cause, not the people." He hates all the past, including slavish admiration for everything foreign, servility, servility.

And what does he see around him? A lot of people who are looking only for ranks, crosses, "money to live", not love, but a profitable marriage. Their ideal is
"moderation and accuracy", their dream is "to take away all the books and burn them."

So, at the center of the comedy is the conflict between "one sane person" (Griboyedov's assessment) and the conservative majority.

As always in a dramatic work, the essence of the character of the protagonist is revealed primarily in the plot. Griboyedov, true to life's truth, showed the plight of a young progressive man in this society. The environment takes revenge on Chatsky for the truth that pricks his eyes, for trying to break the usual way of life. Beloved girl, turning away from him, hurts the hero the most, spreading gossip about his madness. Here is the paradox: the only sane person is declared insane!

"So! I have sobered up in full! ”Chatsky exclaims at the end of the play. What is it - defeat or enlightenment? Yes, the end of this comedy is far from being cheerful, but Goncharov is right when he said this about the finale: “Chatsky is broken by the amount of old strength, inflicting a mortal blow on it with the quality of fresh strength.” Goncharov believes that the role of all the Chatskys is “passive”, but at the same time always victorious. But they do not know about their victory, they only sow, and others reap.

It is amazing that even now it is impossible to read without worrying about suffering.
Alexander Andreevich. But such is the power of true art. Certainly,
Griboyedov, perhaps for the first time in Russian literature, managed to create a truly realistic image of a positive hero. Chatsky is close to us because he is not written as an impeccable, "iron" fighter for truth and good, duty and honor - we meet such heroes in the works of classicists. No, he is a man, and nothing human is alien to him. “Mind and heart are not in harmony,” the hero says about himself. The ardor of his nature, which often prevents him from maintaining peace of mind and composure, the ability to fall in love recklessly, this does not allow him to see the flaws of his beloved, to believe in her love for another - these are such natural features! “Ah, it’s not difficult to deceive me, I myself am glad to be deceived,” Pushkin wrote in the poem “Confession”. Yes, and Chatsky could say the same about himself. And humor
Chatsky, his witticisms - how attractive they are. All this gives such vitality, warmth to this image, makes us empathize with the hero.

And one more thing... Having written about his contemporary, reflecting in comedy, as we have already shown, the problems of his time, Griboedov created at the same time an image of enduring significance. “Chatsky is a Decembrist,” wrote Herzen. And he is right, of course. But an even more important thought is expressed by Goncharov: “Chatsky is inevitable with each change of one century to another. Every case that needs updating causes the shadow of Chatsky. This is the secret of the eternal relevance of the play and the vitality of its characters. Yes, the idea of ​​a “free life” truly has enduring value.

Chatsky is the first image of a positive hero of his time in Russian literature, who embodied the typical features of the generation of advanced noble youth. The images of freedom-loving heroes, fighters for the common good and personal independence were created earlier by the Decembrists, Pushkin in The Prisoner of the Caucasus, but they were abstract, romantic symbols devoid of living flesh. The image of Chatsky, sad, lonely in his irony, dreamy, was created at the end of the reign of Alexander the First, on the eve of the uprising. This is a man who completes the era of Peter the Great "and tries to see, at least on the horizon, the promised land."

How did the author manage to combine the features of a whole generation in one hero and create a unique individuality? Chatsky is the mouthpiece of progressive ideas, and at the same time, his personality is conveyed psychologically accurately, in all its complexity. Even Griboedov's contemporaries were looking for a prototype of the main character of the comedy among real people. The most popular version was that the author embodied in the image of Chatsky the features of his friend Chaadaev, an outstanding Russian philosopher, a man of brilliant mind and strong character. Even the appearance of the hero resembles Chaadaev, and even Pushkin was interested in whether Griboedov actually wrote off the image from their mutual friend.

Of course, the spiritual image of Chaadaev was partially reflected in the image of the main character. But still, it cannot be said that it was he who was brought out in the comedy. This strong, extraordinary personality influenced the worldview of many contemporaries, including Pushkin. His biography is similar to Chatsky's drama. Chaadaev abandoned a brilliant state career, created an original philosophical and political work, where he very deeply, historically and psychologically argued, determined Russia's place in the world process. His original judgments and emphasized opposition infuriated the tsar, and Nicholas the First himself declared Chaadaev crazy. The persecution of the thinker was massive, and rumors spread as easily and willingly as about Chatsky: the crowd does not like individuals who are ahead of their time and do not need her approval.

However, Chatsky also captures the features of another outstanding contemporary - the poet, critic, literary critic, Decembrist Wilhelm Kuchelbecker. An infinitely honest, disinterested servant of art, a passionate and ardent defender of freedom, democratic values, Kuchelbecker always defended his views, not looking at the disfavor and rejection of the audience. His romantic love of freedom, enthusiasm, kind and trusting attitude towards people, maximalism in defending his views undoubtedly helped the author in creating the image of Chatsky.

The autobiographical element is also present in the appearance of the protagonist. Griboyedov reflected in the comedy both his ideas and character traits: absolute independence from public opinion and complete freedom of expression. Perhaps the author drew the conflict of the comedy from his own life experience. One of the playwright's acquaintances, university professor Foma Yakovlevich Evans, recalled that one day a rumor spread around Moscow that Griboyedov had gone mad. He himself excitedly told the professor that “two days earlier he had been at a party where he was greatly outraged by the wild antics of the then society, the servile imitation of everything foreign, and, finally, the obsequious attention that surrounded some Frenchman, an empty talker.” The enraged writer burst into an angry tirade denouncing the lack of national pride and undeserved respect for foreigners. The secular crowd immediately declared Griboedov crazy, and he vowed to reflect this event in his comedy. The “Frenchman from Bordeaux” and the stupid worship of him by the Famus society aroused Chatsky’s indignation: “Will we ever rise again from the foreign power of fashion? So that our smart, peppy people, even in language, do not consider us Germans. The unanimous recognition of Chatsky as insane, the most incredible reasons for his mental illness that easily arise - all this is very reminiscent of an incident from the life of Griboyedov.

And yet, despite the similarity of the hero with real faces, the image of Chatsky is artistic, collective. Chatsky's drama is typical of that period of Russian life, which began with the national-patriotic upsurge of 1812-1815 and ended with the complete collapse of democratic illusions and the intensification of reaction in the early 1820s. The Decembrists perceived the image of Chatsky as a creative reflection of their own ideas and feelings, an indomitable desire to renew society, searches, and hopes.

Chatsky's worldview was formed during the rise. Brought up in the manor house of Famusov, the boy grew up inquisitive, sociable, impressionable. The monotony of established life, the spiritual limitations of the Moscow nobility, the spirit

"the past century" evoked boredom and disgust in him. National-patriotic enthusiasm after the great victory, freedom-loving sentiments intensified the sharp rejection of conservatism. High ideas, the desire for transformation seized the ardent hero, and “he seemed bored with us, he rarely visited our house,” Sophia recalled. Despite a sincere feeling for Sophia, young Chatsky leaves her and leaves to travel in order to learn about life, to enrich his mind. It would not have been difficult for Chatsky to make a career and arrange a personal life. Sophia, obviously, was in love with him, but she could not appreciate it, her value system did not fit how one could risk personal happiness for the sake of an abstract general welfare. The limited worldview does not allow her to objectively perceive the image of Chatsky that goes beyond the scope of romantic book characters:

Sharp, smart, eloquent,

Especially happy in friends

That's what he thought about himself...

The desire to wander attacked him.

Oh! If someone loves someone

Why go crazy and go so far?

Chatsky did not at all reject Sophia's love, and the point is not that he preferred travel to her. It's just that his spiritual needs are wider than personal well-being. Chatsky could not be happy without realizing himself as a citizen, he could not confine himself to a happy marriage. But he is a living person, ardent, trusting, passionate. Chatsky's love for Sophia did not die out in separation, her flame flared up even more. He returns to Moscow full of hopes and dreams and counts on reciprocity. But time has changed the girl's feelings. Smart, sensitive, sophisticated, having read sentimental novels, she is just as sincerely looking for true love as Chatsky. Sophia also objectively assesses the emptiness and limitations of Skalozub (“Where how sweet! And it’s fun for me to listen to the fear of the front and the ranks. Molchalin, in her eyes, is the hero of her favorite sentimental novels. He seems timid, dreamy, modest and gentle, and to love him for Sophia means to express a passive protest to the world of vanity and sober calculation. Having found in the chosen one the features characteristic of her ideal, having fallen in love with him, Sophia can no longer evaluate Molchalin objectively. And the exact characterization of him in the mouth of Chatsky sounds to her like an evil satire.

And Chatsky is tormented by doubts, suffers from uncertainty, trying to find out Sophia's true feelings: "The fate of love is to play her blind man's blind man's blind man, but to me ...". The sharp mind of the hero, his brilliant critical characteristics of those around him are perceived by Sophia as "a hail of barbs and jokes", "contempt for people". Her assessment of Molchalin (“Of course, he doesn’t have this mind that a genius for others, but for others a plague that is quick, brilliant and soon opposes ...”) at first encourages Chatsky: “She doesn’t put a penny on him ... Shalit She doesn't love him." The hero is convinced that such a girl cannot fall in love with such a gray, faceless creature. The stronger his shock, the cause of which is not even the wounded pride of the rejected lover, but the offended pride of an exalted, noble personality. Sophia destroyed their quivering friendly relations, an exalted idea of ​​​​her, forgetting "both female fear and shame." Chatsky is humiliated and trampled on by Sophia's choice: "The silent ones are blissful in the world." He cannot forgive that he, an outstanding person, was put on the same level with Molchalin, a man with slavish morality and a low soul, and it was Sophia who did this:

Before whom I just now so passionately and so low

There was a waster of tender words!

And you! Oh my God! Whom did they choose?

When I think about who you preferred!

The personal drama of the hero was aggravated by the public one: educational ideas, romantic enthusiasm and freedom-loving hopes collided with the resolute resistance of lordly Moscow. Chatsky is a maximalist both in his personal life and in public. He mercilessly unmasks the representatives of the "past century", mired in self-interest, vulgar secular entertainment, intrigue, gossip:

As he was famous for, whose neck bent more often;

As not in the war, but in the world they took it with their foreheads;

Knocked on the floor without regret!

Who needs: those arrogance, they lie in the dust,

And for those who are higher, flattery, like lace, was woven.

Chatsky is convinced that the "age of humility and fear" is over, that the advanced, educated noble youth is not going to get ranks by deceit, but will "serve the cause, not individuals." He stigmatizes the secular crowd, mired "in feasts and extravagance."

The complete lack of rights of the peasants, legalized slavery are all the more humiliating because "our smart, vigorous people" defended the independence of the fatherland and had the right to count on an improvement in their situation. Chatsky, who “managed his estate blunderingly”, that is, he freed the peasants from corvée, sharply criticizes the feudal system he hates, sincerely hoping that the power of reason can change the psychology of people. In the power of ideological influence, he sees the engine of progress. Chatsky is a humanist, he believes that people tend to strive for the best. The hero is convinced that there are many such enthusiasts who have set the goal of life for the democratic transformation of society, that they are all modern youth, that the outdated system of autocracy and serfdom will soon collapse. But the old world holds fast to its privileges. By declaring Chatsky insane, society protects the sphere of its vital interests. The hero suffers a defeat, but not a moral, qualitative one, but a quantitative, formal one: the traditions of the Famus society turned out to be stronger than a brilliant, but lonely mind.

And yet, the image of Chatsky, despite the drama, is perceived optimistically, “The Chatskys live and are not translated in a society where the struggle of the fresh with the obsolete, the sick with the healthy continues.” He is a symbol of the eternal renewal of life, a herald of change.