The composition "and the dawns here are quiet." The problem of historical memory (according to the novel by Boris Vasiliev "I was not on the lists") (USE in Russian) Vasilyev and the dawns here are quiet argument

It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person without teaching him to respect his ancestors, the history of the country.

1 argument: education of historical memory begins in the family. Family archives store many stories about our ancestors, whose affairs are connected with the fate of the Motherland . (Example personal).

2 argument: the role of museums, monuments, mass media in shaping the historical views of society is great .(screen version of Russian classics).

3rd argument: in the story I. Bunin "Antonov apples", written in emigration, the image of the village, which is associated with "early, fresh, quiet morning", is vividly and colorfully presented. The author's thoughts are turned to the past, in which there remains "a large, all golden, dried up and thinned garden" with "maple alleys", where you can enjoy the "delicate aroma of fallen leaves and the smell of Antonov apples, the smell of honey and autumn freshness ..."

The problem of patriotism

A person cannot live without a homeland, just as one cannot live without a heart (K. Paustovsky). The hidden warmth of patriotism lies in love for one's home, for one's relatives and friends. “The moral duty of a true patriot is to serve the people in humanity, and humanity in the people” (Vladimir Solovyov).

1 argument: The main character of the story "The Fate of a Man" by M. Sholokhov, Andrey Sokolov, fought for the salvation of his homeland and all mankind from fascism, losing relatives and comrades. He endured the most difficult trials at the front. The news of the tragic death of his wife, two daughters, and son fell upon the hero. But Andrei Sokolov is a Russian soldier of indomitable will who endured everything! He found the strength in himself to accomplish not only a military, but also a moral feat, adopting a boy whose parents were taken away by the war. A soldier in the terrible conditions of war, under the onslaught of enemy forces, remained a man and did not break. This is the real feat. It was only thanks to such people that our country won a victory in a very difficult struggle against fascism.

2 argument: Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich, Galya Chetvertak and foreman Vaskov, the main characters of B. Vasiliev's story “And the dawns here are quiet…”, showed real courage, heroism, moral restraint, fighting for the Motherland. More than once they could save their lives, it was only necessary to step back a little from their own conscience. However, the heroes were sure: you can’t retreat, you need to fight to the end: “Do not give the German a single piece ... No matter how hard, no matter how hopeless - to keep ...”. These are the words of a true patriot. All the characters of the story are shown acting, fighting, dying in the name of saving the Motherland. It was these people who forged the victory of our country in the rear, resisted the invaders in captivity and occupation, and fought at the front.

3rd argument: Everyone knows the immortal work Boris Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man". The dramatic story is based on the real facts of the biography of a fighter pilot Alexey Meresyev. Shot down in battle over the occupied territory, he made his way through snow-covered forests for three weeks until he got to the partisans. Having lost both legs, the hero subsequently shows amazing strength of character and replenishes the account of air victories over the enemy.

4th argument: L.N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace". One of the central problems of the novel is true and false patriotism. Tolstoy's favorite heroes do not speak lofty words about love for the motherland, they do things in its name: Natasha Rostova, without hesitation, persuades her mother to give carts to the wounded near Borodino, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky is mortally wounded on the Borodino field. Genuine patriotism, according to Tolstoy, is in ordinary Russian people, soldiers who, in a moment of mortal danger, give their lives for their Motherland.

Argument 5: In the story "Sotnikov" by V. Bykov, tells about two partisans who are captured by the Germans during the Second World War. One of the partisans betrays his homeland and agrees to cooperate with the Germans. The second partisan, Sotnikov, refuses to betray his homeland and chooses death. In this story, Sotnikov is shown as a real patriot who could not betray his native country, even under pain of death.

More than half a century ago, a terrible war swept across the country, which claimed millions of lives. The victory of the Russian people was given by exorbitant labor. It was brought by exceptional people, whom writers eventually described in their works. Each participant of the Great Patriotic War is rightfully considered a hero. These people stood not for life, but for death, in the name of their descendants. One of the most striking works, in which the memory of the war is alive to this day and will live for a long time, is Boris Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet."

The main characters of the story are five brave anti-aircraft gunners, some of whom were not even twenty years old. The author claimed that the events he described actually happened. He himself was an eyewitness to front-line tragedies. Therefore, speaking about the girls from the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet,” we seem to involuntarily touch on the memory of the war. The main among the girls was Rita Osyanina - a stubborn and serious girl with a strong-willed character. Before the start of the war, she lived a calm, measured and cloudless life, surrounded by her family and friends. However, since the Germans killed her husband, senior lieutenant Osyanin, she had no choice but to give her little son to be raised by her parents and enter the school of anti-aircraft gunners.

Another girl named Zhenya, the daughter of an army chief, suffered a terrible tragedy. In front of her eyes, the Nazis shot her relatives. After that, she found her place in the ranks of the anti-aircraft gunners and was determined to go to the end. The war found three other girls at the stage of personal development. None of them managed to finish their studies, none of them had time to truly fall in love and become loved. When you read the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet", one feels how the author felt sorry for the girls for the failed female happiness, for the shattered dreams. Each of the girls was a volunteer. Such a feat cannot be forgotten even decades later.

They fought for their Motherland, they fiercely hated the enemy. They defended freedom and protected their families. They were brave girls who died the death of heroes. The description of their life path is the memory of the Great Patriotic War. Three of the girls died in the process of reconnaissance, and two stood face to face with the enemy. The first to die was Lisa Brichkina, when she was returning to her headquarters, bypassing the swamp. Neither her friend nor Sergeant Major Vaskov knew that she had drowned. The next to die were Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak. One by one they became targets for German saboteurs.

After reading this story, you understand what war is and how much destruction it can bring. This is, first of all, the death of innocent people. This is a whole universal catastrophe, which affects not only people, but also nature. This is easy to understand just by looking at the title of the story. It would seem that the author wants to convey how beautiful and harmonious the nature of Karelia is until the war invaded it. Everything can be forgotten, but this is not forgotten. The heroism of ordinary people who gave their lives to save the country will forever remain in our hearts.

Composition

Sixty-five years have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic War. But among the people lives the memory of the people who defended their native land. We learn about their exploits from the stories of veterans, from history books and, of course, from fiction. One of the most famous works about the war is Boris Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet."
Girls soldiers, the heroes of this work, have a different past, different characters, upbringing. It seems that there is nothing in common between the balanced, restrained Rita Osyanina and the cheerful, desperate Zhenya. Different fates - and one fate: war. The war did not depersonalize, but united, rallied the girls - the heroines of the book. Everyone has one goal - to defend their homeland, their village, their piece of land. For the sake of this lofty goal, fighters risk their lives, courageously fight an enemy that is much stronger than them. They do not think about the feat, they consider the defense of the Fatherland a duty.

The death of girls may not seem at all heroic, even meaningless. Is it possible to call, for example, a heroic death in a swamp? The descendants will not see the obelisk over the grave of Osyanina, and even her son may not know where his mother is buried. But if not for their selflessness, not for the selfless heroism of ordinary Soviet soldiers, our people would not have been able to survive in a terrible, bloody war.
Girls in the war knew deprivation, grief, fear. But they also came to know true soldier's camaraderie. They became close people, and even the unsociable, reserved foreman sincerely became attached to his subordinates and fell in love with them.
The war brought people together. The fighters defended not only their land, their home, but also comrades, and relatives, and completely unfamiliar ones. Girls in the war had no right to forget that they were mothers, daughters, granddaughters. They were forced not only to raise, but also to save their children, their future. Perhaps the greatest difficulty of the position of women in the war was that they had to combine two incompatible, mutually exclusive tasks: to continue life, raising children, and to kill her, fighting the Nazis. Rita Osyanina, while in the service, visits her little son at night; she is a tender mother and a brave fighter.
They fought for their country. Destined by nature itself for another, higher mission, tender and weak, able to love and pity, they took up arms to kill and take revenge. The war changed the habitual way of life, even changed the souls of people, making the timid bold, the weak strong. Their even smallest contribution to the victory is great, their exploits are immortal as long as we remember them.

Lately, no matter how sad it may be, people are beginning to forget about the feat of our grandfathers, great-grandfathers, grandmothers and great-grandmothers. But according to the chronicle of that time, thanks to the authors-front-line soldiers, we can fully feel the pain, grief, courage, the desire of ordinary people to save their relatives and protect the Motherland.

Boris Vasiliev dedicated the book “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” to everyone who did not return from a cruel and bloody war, to his friends and comrades. It has become a real "book of memory" for the people of our country. The story described in the story is close to every person who honors the memory of the Great Patriotic War.

I was very sorry for the simple girls who did not have time to live for real. Sonya Gurvich, Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Galya Chetvertak, Liza Brichkina - they are all real, alive, so young and bright. Each of them died for love, for their homeland, for the future. The war broke off their “wings”, crossed out everything and everything, dividing life into before and after, leaving them no choice but to fight back, taking weapons into gentle female hands.

Fedot Vaskov feels so guilty for the death of the girls that only a person without a heart will not grieve with him. The brave and courageous soldier, who had seen a lot during the war, understood that a woman should be close to children, raise them and protect them, and not fight on an equal footing with men. He wanted to take revenge on the whole world and the Nazis for the death of five strong-willed young girls, because their lives were not worth a dozen or hundreds of German soldiers.

The author wrote about what he saw with his own eyes, about what he felt. The story in vivid colors describes the events of the Great War, gives the reader the opportunity to temporarily move to the fateful forties. To see the horror that was happening at that time, because in the war they killed not just people, but destroyed a specific person, someone's love, something like a husband, son, brother, sister, mother. The war did not spare anyone; it affected every Soviet family. Strong men, old people, children and women went into battle.

At the end of the work, the writer points out to us that good will still prevail over evil. Despite everything, hope remains in the heart of the surviving foreman Vaskov, it is he and the son of the deceased Rita Osyanina who will tell future descendants about how strong love for the Motherland and hatred for the enemy can be. Five brave, courageous, strong-willed girls beyond their years will forever take a place of honor in the memory and heart of the Russian people, they will forever become heroes of the Great Patriotic War.

This is the end of schooling. Now the focus of all students It's no secret that a very large number of points can be obtained by writing an essay. That is why in this article we will write in detail a plan for an essay and discuss the most common topic in the exam, the problem of courage. Of course, there are quite a few topics: the attitude to the Russian language, the role of mother, teacher, childhood in a person's life, and many others. A particular difficulty for students is the argumentation of the problem of courage.

Many talented writers have devoted their works to the theme of heroism and courage, but they do not settle so firmly in our memory. In this regard, we will refresh them a bit and give the best arguments to defend your point of view from fiction.

Essay plan

To begin with, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the correct essay plan, which, if all the points are available, will bring you the maximum possible points.

The composition of the exam in the Russian language is very different from an essay in social science, literature, and so on. This work has a strict form, which is better not to break. So, what does the plan of our future composition look like:

1. Introduction. What is the purpose of this paragraph? We need to smoothly bring our reader to the main problem raised in the text. This is a small paragraph that consists of three or four sentences, but clearly relates to the topic of your essay.
2. Problem designation. In this part, we say that we have read the text proposed for analysis and identified one of the problems. When you state a problem, think about the arguments beforehand. As a rule, there are two or more of them in the text, choose the most beneficial for you.
3. Your comment. You need to explain and characterize it. This should take you no more than seven sentences.
4. Note the position of the author, what he thinks and how he relates to the problem. Maybe he's trying to do something?
5. your position. You must write whether you agree with the author of the text or not, justify your answer.
6. Arguments. There should be two of them (from literature, history, personal experience). Teachers still offer to rely on arguments from the literature.
7. Concluding no more than three sentences. Take stock of what you have said, sum it up. There is also such a variant of ending as a rhetorical question. It will make you think, and the essay will be completed quite spectacularly.

As you can see from the plan, the hardest part is the argument. Now we will select examples for the problem of courage, we will use exclusively literary sources.

"Destiny of Man"

The theme of the problem of courage is the main idea of ​​Mikhail Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man". Selflessness and courage are the basic concepts that characterize the protagonist Andrei Sokolov. Our character is able to step over all the obstacles that fate has prepared for him, to carry his cross with his head held high. He shows these qualities not only during military service, but also in captivity.

It seemed that the worst was over, but the trouble does not come alone, there is another very difficult test ahead - the death of people close to him. Now Andrei speaks selflessness, he gathered his last strength into a fist and visited the very place where there was once a quiet and family life.

"And the dawns here are quiet"

The problem of courage and stamina is also reflected in such a work as Vasiliev's story. Only here these qualities are attributed to fragile and delicate creatures - girls. This work tells that Russian women can also be real heroes, fight on an equal footing with men and defend their interests even in such global senses.

The author tells about the difficult fate of several women who are completely different from each other, who were brought together by a great misfortune - the Great Patriotic War. Although their lives used to develop in different ways, but the end was the same for everyone - death during the performance of a combat mission.

A story about a real person

Which is also found in many in the "Tale of a Real Man" by Boris Polevoy.

The work deals with the plight of the pilot, who loved the sky very much. For him, flight is the meaning of life, like wings for a bird. But they were cut off by a German fighter. Despite his injuries, Meresyev crawled through the forest for a very long time, he had neither water nor food. He overcame this difficulty, but more were waiting for him ahead. He lost his legs, he had to learn how to use prostheses, but this man was so strong in spirit that he even learned to dance on them.

Despite a large number of obstacles, Meresyev regained his wings. The heroism and selflessness of the hero can only be envied.

"Not listed"

Since we are interested in the problem of courage, we selected arguments from the literature about the war and the hard fate of the heroes. Also, Boris Vasiliev’s novel “He Was Not on the Lists” is dedicated to the fate of Nikolai, who had just graduated from college, went to work and came under fire. He did not appear at all in any documents, but it did not occur to him to run away like a “rat from a ship”, he bravely fought and defended the honor of his homeland.