To the Day of Television: how famous Soviet announcers live. Voice of the era: How the legendary announcer Igor Kirillov circumvented the harsh rules of Soviet television Old TV presenters

Valentina Mikhailovna came to work on television in 1954 as an assistant director, she became an announcer later. And by the end of the 60s, not a single issue of the festive Ogonyok could do without it, and not only children, but also adults watched Good Night, Kids and Alarm Clock with pleasure. The most important and most personal program in her life was the program "With all my heart", which is called the prototype of modern talk shows. On this program, old friends, relatives separated by the war, met, the whole country cried with the heroes of the program. Aunt Valya never married, although Bulat Okudzhava himself asked for her hand. Her only love is television.

Today we decided to recall what other Soviet TV presenters gathered the whole family at the screens.

Yuri Nikolaev began his career as an artist in Moscow as an actor at the Pushkin Theatre. But acting did not bring him much fame and popularity. They began to recognize Yuri Alexandrovich in person only when he became the host of one of the most popular programs on Soviet television - "Morning Mail". And then it went and went: they began to invite him to lead the “Blue Light”, “Song of the Year”. And later, during perestroika, Yuri Nikolaev created his own production company UNIX, which produced the weekly program Morning Star. Many well-known artists today began with this television competition: Yulia Nachalova, Alexei Chumakov, Valeria and many others.

Yulia Vasilievna hosted one of the first programs on medical topics on domestic TV - the popular science program "Health". Moreover, by profession she is not an artist or a TV presenter at all, but a doctor. That is why her program was still scientific, and the program gained popularity thanks to the personal charm of Yulia Belyanchikova. She remained the permanent host of the program for over twenty years. During this time, the flow of letters for transmission has grown from 60,000 a year to 160,000. Moreover, the questions of the audience were answered not only on the air, but also by correspondence. For this purpose, four qualified doctors worked in the staff of the program.

Alexander Vasilyevich is the founder of humor on domestic television. We say "Maslyakov", we mean "Club of cheerful and resourceful" and vice versa. Alexander Maslyakov has been working on television since 1964 and even now, despite his considerable age - he is 71 years old - he remains the permanent host, leader and director of KVN. And the "Club" itself, in turn, remains one of the most popular programs on TV. In addition, Alexander Vasilyevich hosted “Hello, we are looking for talents”, “Merry Fellows”, “12th Floor”, reports from the World Festivals of Youth and Students, for several years he was the host of international song festivals in Sochi. And now Alexander Vasilyevich also chairs the jury at the Minute of Glory.

On television, Alexander Evgenievich, in general, did not aspire. He studied at the Faculty of Law of the Russian State University, completed postgraduate studies at the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University, and became a candidate of philosophical sciences. After graduating from graduate school, he got into big politics and was even a speechwriter for Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev. On TV, Alexander Bovin was also far from entertainment programs - he was a serious publicist. Bovin gained national fame when he was the host of the TV magazine "International Panorama", which had very high ratings among viewers. The program, which gathered an audience of millions, was even called a "window to the world" - it included reports on Western culture and art, here you could see frames with luxury cars, unprecedented architecture and interiors. And Alexander Bovin himself looked unusual - shaggy, mustachioed, without a tie, and he broadcast as if he was talking to the audience like a neighbor, sitting in the kitchen.

Igor Leonidovich Kirillov is rightfully considered a legend of Russian television. You can call him a real news star. In 2001, he even received the honorary title of "Man of the Age". In addition, there are three orders in his award list: the Red Banner of Labor, "For Merit to the Fatherland" 3rd and 4th degree. Igor Kirillov has a theatrical education, before coming to television, he played at the Taganka Theater. In July 1957, he began working at the Shabolovsky television center as an assistant director of the musical editorial office of the Central Television. And two and a half months later he won the competition of announcers and went on the air for the first time. Igor Kirillov was the announcer of the Vremya program for more than 30 years, becoming the face of a news program, and his signature timbre was recognized from the first words and is still recognized today. He was even trusted to make New Year's addresses to the inhabitants of the country instead of the leadership of the USSR. By the way, Igor Kirillov still broadcasts the annual parades in honor of Victory Day on Red Square.

In fact, Alexander Ivanov is not a professional TV presenter at all. He is a teacher, graduated from the Faculty of Drawing and Drawing at the Moscow Correspondence Institute and worked as a teacher of drawing and descriptive geometry. He gained fame, of course, not as a teacher, but not as a TV presenter either. Popularity came to him even before TV, when he became interested in writing poetic parodies. His first book, Love and Mustard, was published in 1968. He was admitted to the Writers' Union, performed a lot on the stage and even played a couple of small roles in the cinema. He came to television in 1978 and for 12 years hosted the humorous program Around Laughter, although at first it was planned that he would be a guest of one of the first issues. San Sanych, as he was affectionately called, turned out to be so organic in the role of the host that they decided to leave him. And not in vain - he made millions of viewers laugh.

The son of Nobel laureate Pyotr Kapitsa was born in Cambridge. It was destined for him to engage in science and, indeed, he became an outstanding physicist, was vice-president of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. But his merit is not only in research work, but also in the fact that he brought science to people. Moreover, he did it in such an accessible form that the magazine "In the World of Science", where he was the chief editor, became one of the most popular periodicals in the country, and episodes of the TV show "Obvious - Incredible" are still shown on the Retro channel. For his achievements in the popularization and promotion of scientific knowledge, he was awarded the Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the gold medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Remember the children's TV show "ABVGDeika"? You probably remember. And her leading Tatyana Kirillovna, a teacher, remember too. She said that ABVGDeika was the only non-politicized program on Soviet television. And she spoke with skill, because she managed not only to conduct a fun educational program for children, but also to manage the editorial office of children's programs. Tatyana Chernyaeva is a certified journalist, graduated from Lomonosov Moscow State University and has achieved considerable success in the journalistic field. In particular, she is a laureate of the Best Pens of Russia journalism award and a member of the Academy of Russian Television. Tatyana Kirillovna has always advocated and still advocates an increase in the share of children's programs on Russian television. All the best for the kids.

The first association with the name of this TV presenter is the Song of the Year festival, the broadcast of which was not missed in any family. After all, "Song" was the main event in the world of domestic pop, and later pop music. We can say that this is the oldest show on our TV, because "Song" is still on, since 1971. Paired with Evgeny Menshov, Angelina Vovk led the festival 18 times, until 2006. In 2007, a scandal erupted: Alla Pugacheva ousted the presenters from the program, turning "Song" into her benefit performance. Now Angelina Mikhailovna is leading the Good Health program on the First together with Gennady Malakhov.

The TV program “Club of Travelers”, which Yuri Alexandrovich hosted for 30 years, is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the oldest program on Russian television. It aired weekly for 43 years and closed only after the death of Yuri Senkevich in 2003. Yuri Alexandrovich - military doctor, candidate of medical sciences and colonel of the medical service. And also - a famous traveler, president of the Association of Travelers of Russia. He took part in the Soviet Antarctic expedition "Vostok", together with the famous Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl

Television for Soviet citizens was a friend, a window to the world, a source of information and one of the main entertainments. Therefore, announcers and presenters were perceived by many as almost family members. Today...

Nina Kondratova

The first announcer and one of the founders of the Soviet announcer school. She worked on TV from the very first years of broadcasting. For a long time there were only three women presenters on the Central Television: Kondratova, Leontieva and Chepurnova, who died early. In the 50s, the main rivalry for popularity among the audience was between the first two, and it was Kondratova who was considered the “official” leader.

Often she was assigned to lead premieres, from the evening news to Goodnight, Kids. The degree of popularity is indicated at least by the reaction of the audience to the tragedy that happened to Kondratova. During the recording of the program at VDNKh, a bull gouged out her eye. Information about the emergency was carefully concealed. Despite this, Shabolovka was simply flooded with letters in its support. Later, Kondratova began to teach young TV presenters skills.

Valentina Leontieva

The most popular and diverse TV presenter of the Soviet era. Leontieva is also from the first composition of announcers, she worked on television since 1954 and with short breaks worked there until the beginning of the 90s. Already in the late 50s, she became insanely famous and popular. The most striking thing is that for a long time she almost did not appear on official broadcasts.

Leontyeva hosted "Blue Lights", holiday broadcasts, many children's programs, especially "Good night, kids" and "Visiting a fairy tale." The real all-Union hits at the time were "Skillful Hands" and "From the bottom of my heart." The last project was unique for the Soviet Union: it was filmed in different cities and was something between a concert, a talk show and "Wait for me." Leontieva became one of its founders, and the program was based on it.

Anna Shilova

The first TV star of the USSR. Became phenomenally popular in 1959, when the program "Our Club" was aired. After several transformations, the program turned into the famous "Blue Light" and in many respects its success was due not only to the format, but also to the personalities of the main presenters - Shilova and Kirillov. The duet was so harmonious that most Soviet citizens were sincerely sure that they were spouses.

Shilova was distinguished by her amazing charm, the ability to improvise, which was very important at the beginning, since many programs were broadcast live, and a very expressive voice, by which she was often recognized. She was the first host of Song of the Year, hosted Vremya and took part in other programs.

Nonna Bodrova

An announcer whose style of conducting official programs has become a reference. In Soviet times, the requirements for announcers were very high, and the selection of CT was no less strict than that of future cosmonauts. Strictness was explained not only by ideology. The first presenters, including Bodrova, raised the bar very high in the profession, and the rest had to meet these standards.

She was remembered by viewers from the program "Time". Bodrova was the first presenter and for a long time, together with another legend, Igor Kirillov, talked about the main news of the country and the world. Bodrova was a professional, but she stood out not only because she read the text clearly and in perfect Russian from a piece of paper. She had her own special intonation, which was perfect for official information.

Svetlana Zhiltsova

The most stylish and beautiful presenter on central television in the 60s. Unlike many of the first set, she came to TV without acting education. She was invited initially due to her knowledge of English and was sent mainly to international projects. However, she entered the top announcers when she got into the then mega-popular KVN.

One of the few in the country, a sharply satirical project was broadcast live, the hosts of the program were required to have a special skill in broadcasting at ease, keeping in touch with the audience and at the same time not allowing anything seditious so that it would not be closed. Neither Maslyakov nor Zhiltsova were the first to be tried in it as hosts, but as a result, it was they who took root. After the closure of KVN, Zhiltsova remained in the first bracket of TV presenters and worked in the programs "Time", "Morning Mail", "Song of the Year", "Spark" and many others.

September 14 to the famous TV presenter, television announcer, People's Artist of the USSR Igor Kirillov turns 85 years old. Many people associate his name primarily with the Vremya program, which he hosted for 30 years. Despite the strict rules that existed in Soviet television, Kirillov found elegant ways to evade these rules.

Igor Kirillov began his career on television in 1957, after he graduated from the acting department of the Higher Theater School. Shchepkina and worked for 2 years at the Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater. In the Shabolov television center, he started small - at first he worked as an assistant director of the music editorial office, then he became a production director, and after winning the announcers' competition, he appeared on television.

The profession of an announcer was not his dream - in fact, he was going to become a director, but over time, his work fascinated him so much that he no longer imagined his existence without it. " From the first days of my work, television has been, remains and will be for me not just a mass medium, a technical means for transmitting works of art, but a real art that helped me get rid of many shortcomings", - the legendary announcer and TV presenter admits.

In addition to the program "Time", the announcer of which he was until 1989, Igor Kirillov led "Blue Lights", "Song of the Year" and "Kinopanorama". From 1969 to 1989 he headed the announcer department of Central Television, but even after the collapse of the Union, he found a place on the new television: for some time Igor Kirillov was the host of the popular Vzglyad program. Until now, he remains in demand on television - the announcer met his last 84th birthday in the studio of the Tonight program with Andrei Malakhov.

Despite the strict rules that existed on Soviet television, Igor Kirillov calls stories about strict censorship and the dismissal of announcers due to reservations a fiction. TV presenters themselves understood what responsibility was entrusted to them and took their profession more than seriously: “ I never felt this censorship. Yes, there were censors, they looked at the folder with the news before going on the air - they checked if there were state or military secrets. And as for political censorship, it sat in my head, because we were all brought up in that society, when before saying anything, you had to think a little. Some official texts from Pravda had to be reworked a little, but no one really wanted to improvise».

Igor Kirillov was often called the "Kremlin announcer", which weighed heavily on him. Once he even asked the head of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company S. Lapin to release him from this post, to which he replied: “ Re-read Saltykov-Shchedrin - and you will understand that since ancient times in Russian communication it is important not what you say, but what is behind it". Since then, the announcer began to master non-verbal means of expressing his own attitude to the sounding text. He later confessed: " I carefully re-read Saltykov-Shchedrin and tried to transfer the interlinear irony of the great writer to my work on the Vremya program. But, obviously, a few "went over." For soon I received a couple of letters from especially attentive spectators-artists who wrote: “Comrade Kirillov, on such and such a date you read the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU, but in your eyes there was something different».

Of course, in those days there could be no talk of jokes or any other manifestations of the frivolous behavior of announcers on the air. Equally serious was the attitude to the correctness of speech, and to its articulateness: it was necessary to pronounce no more than 12-14 lines per minute. The reverent attitude to the language has been preserved by the legendary announcer to this day: his hearing is cut not only by obscene language from TV screens, but also by careless handling of speech - in his opinion, many modern presenters chatter, make a large number of mistakes, swallow words and behave cheeky. Nevertheless, some presenters arouse sympathy for him - Kirillov speaks with approval about Ivan Urgant and the ProjectorParisHilton program, although he believes that there are too many of this presenter on the screens.

Igor Kirillov was the face of the Vremya program and one of the most popular TV presenters. Nevertheless, star disease bypassed him. This was facilitated by a high level of culture, professionalism and responsibility. " You just need to remember that you are only the last link in the chain of a large number of people on whom the success of the program depends. The basis is those who remain behind the scenes: the editor, directors, cameramen, lighting, sound engineers, technicians, engineers, editors... How many professions are behind your back! And your task is not to spoil the work of this huge number of people", - he thinks. press:

FEDOR SAVINTSEV photographed the announcers of the Soviet Central Television, and ALEXANDRA ZERKALEVA asked them if the disappearance of their profession affected TV

1. Anna Nikolaevna Shatilova and Igor Leonidovich Kirillov during a solemn event at the President Hotel

Now the word "announcer" has become a household word. And everyone who goes on the air, broadcasts “Vremya”, news, are called announcers. But that's a big difference. Because the announcer is a very rare profession, very interesting, created by radio announcers back in the thirties, probably in the years. This is a landmark radio: Vysotskaya, Levitan. They created this profession, and they collected bit by bit what a person is at the microphone and how he should behave at the microphone. Small brochures were published. There, the duties of the announcer consisted of very many points. Now the TV presenter does not know these points (as I hear, I say so) and does not adhere to these norms, he speaks as God puts on his soul. That's the difference. So today's television is television presenter. There is no such thing as an announcer, he was excluded.

3. Anna Nikolaevna Shatilova - the announcer of the Central Television since 1962, the shooting was carried out during a solemn event at the President Hotel, where Shatilova worked as a host

Television has not become different, it has not become worse. And it didn't get any better. It's just a trend of the times - that the profession of an announcer eventually outgrew or degenerated into the profession of the so-called TV presenters. That is probably what should have happened. These TV presenters must master the art of journalism, be able to write, be able to compose texts, but also, of course, perform them. And this, unfortunately, is the Achilles' heel of today's television. Alas, sometimes talented, good, competent texts are performed in a completely different way than the art of television requires. Not just a mass media, but the art of television. And art still requires high performing skills. Television journalism requires the journalist to naturally develop his natural artistry. This is not theatricality, but such an ability, in your own way, to tell in an original way about what you saw and heard, to convey your experiences, your attitude to the events that you are talking about. This is the natural artistry that develops if a person from a young age is engaged in oratory.

5. Igor Leonidovich Kirillov - the announcer of the Central Television since 1957, the shooting was carried out during a solemn event at the President Hotel, where Kirillov worked as a host

Of course, television has changed. A whole squad of universal professionals is missing. Who knows how to think, he will understand that this answer says it all. Universal - you can highlight this word somehow. We did everything: we read the news, we hosted programs, we hosted various concerts, we wrote texts, filmed reportage materials, read off-screen text in a variety of programs. Show me now at least one person who is called, excuse me, a “star”, at least one who can do all this, who will do it at a high level and, most importantly, competently.

7. Natalya Mikhailovna Andreeva has been an announcer of the Central Television since 1982, now she is a teacher at Moscow State University, Department of Journalism and Television. Conducts the subject "Skill of a TV presenter, speech technique and acting skills"

Yes, it (television) has become significantly different. The TV presenter must first of all show respect for the viewer, show him his attitude. This is especially necessary in our rather harsh time, when people do not receive enough attention, the warmth of some kind of human. Even if you're just reading the information, why don't you smile a little smile? Now, for the most part, it’s like this: he came, rattled on his salary and left. Or today's shows: they sit, joke with each other for an hour in the studio, mumbling something under their breath, they joked themselves, laughed themselves. I don't give a damn, the viewer understood me, did not understand. The main thing is that I have support: the extras are there behind the scenes, the co-hosts are so funny. Why do we need such transmissions, what do they carry? Either they demonstrate themselves, how beautiful and wonderful they are, or they work for each other, but not for the viewer. This, of course, does not mean that there are no good leaders now. Yes, but it's a huge rarity. Now there are no such announcers with a capital letter, whom they looked up to, whom they wanted to be like. Because the most important things that distinguish a real announcer have disappeared from television: goodwill towards the viewer, the culture of the word and the culture of communication.

9. Viktor Petrovich Tkachenko - announcer of the Central Television since 1970, in 1981 he was fired from the Central Television of the USSR for parodying Brezhnev in friendly companies, in 1988-1997 an employee of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company, now a teacher at the First National School of TV

10.

Of course, television has changed. It has changed, and not for the better. Well, why are there no announcers - there are people who are similar in function to announcers. We, too, were not only announcers. Both I and my colleagues conducted some other programs, large, wide ones. It's just that the name of this work has changed, that's all. Of course, it is bad that a female announcer does not appear and announce the next event that will be on the screen. Of course, it was closer to the person, to the listener; closer to the one who sits at the TV. Television was much softer, more accessible, more understandable and exactly closer - I think this word is very suitable. Now it's just crazy. Brad happens on the screen. I hardly watch TV now. Sometimes I watch some sports programs, news - very rarely.

11. Viktor Ivanovich Balashov - announcer of the Central Television since 1947, now retired

12.

I believe that without an announcer there is no face of the channel. Because all the same, wherever you throw it, the programs are different, and it’s good when there is a person who knows how to go from one program to another, just inviting. All ratings, after all, mainly depend on a good, average, beautiful layman - in the good sense of the word. For people who specialize in something, there have long been their own separate channels. But on federal channels, I would like to have a face. Several people who would invite would talk about this program confidentially, penetratingly, with their own attitude. When an individual is interested in what he says, when he experiences what he says, this is always noticeable. With such a person will not switch to another channel. Now people not only have clip thinking, they also lack individuality - something that I and our entire old school have always advocated for. In our country, each channel had its own face, and the announcers themselves were associated with specific channels. In addition, our work was partly educational, we won our audience. Now they speak quickly, as text messages write, they cut everything, I am a terrible opponent of all this. The word, it is alive, it must be treated with respect, just like a person. The kind of television that we have now is in keeping with its time. He has a frantic pace, even frightening sometimes - maybe it’s worth slowing down somehow. Maybe even sometimes you need to make transmissions that are a little relaxing.

13. Dina Anatolyevna Grigoryeva - announcer of the Central Television since 1975, now - a teacher at the EKTV school in Ostankino, teaches the subject "Skill of a TV presenter"

14.

In fact, many announcers resembled mechanical robots, and the broadcast must be alive. I have always been for what was introduced in television programs - for the presenters. I can’t say that television has changed for the better: there is too much rubbish. But it definitely came alive. They began to speak more simply, more freely, this is wonderful. But with all this, the culture of speech was lost. We followed every word, looked at every word in the dictionary, and now the presenters have a mistake on a mistake, a lot of wrong accents. But information broadcasting has become much freer. In general, we wrote everything from dictation, we had special services that checked everything, we could not say a word without them. That is, the content has become so free, but the form often suffers from this.

15. Valentina Nikolaevna Mokrousova - announcer of the All-Union Radio since 1980, now teaches at the Moscow Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting "Ostankino"

16. Anna Nikolaevna Shatilova, 1985

Soundless. On October 1, 1931, the Moscow Radio Center on medium waves launched the first TV channel in the Soviet Union, broadcasting daily with sound for 30 minutes a day. Moscow broadcast 12 times a month for 60 minutes.

Moscow Department of Television (1934-1939)

In 1933, the All-Union Committee for Radio Broadcasting was removed from the subordination of the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs and renamed the All-Union Committee for Radio and Radio Information. production of radio programs (the only radio channel at that time also began to be called). In December 1933, television broadcasting in Moscow ceased, due to the fact that the creation of electronic television was recognized as more promising. However, since the industry had not yet mastered the new television equipment, on February 11, 1934, medium wave transmissions resumed. On February 11, 1934, the Moscow Department of Television of the All-Union Radio was created.

Moscow Television Center (1939-1949)

In 1938, experimental television transmissions of electronic television took place. On March 10, 1939, within the framework of the All-Union Radio, the Moscow Television Center (MCT) was created, which launched the TV channel of the same name on ultrashort waves, which was attended by broadcasts and the Leningrad television center. On April 1, 1941, the ICT stopped broadcasting on medium wave. During the Great Patriotic War, the ITC did not broadcast. The broadcasts were resumed on May 7, 1945, and on December 15, Muscovites were the first in Europe to switch to regular broadcasting. The main TV programs of those years were devoted to the life of the Soviet Union, cultural events, science, and sports. In December 1948, the Moscow Television Center suspended transmissions for the duration of the reconstruction.

Moscow Department of Television Broadcasting (1949-1951)

In 1949, the All-Union Committee for Radio and Broadcasting was divided into the All-Union Committee for Radio Information (in charge of the Central All-Union Radio Broadcasting) and the Radio Broadcasting Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (in charge of Foreign Broadcasting), the MTC was withdrawn from the All-Union Radio and became subordinate to the Ministry of Communications, but it remained only technical functions, and the production of programs was transferred to the Moscow Department of Television Broadcasting, which remained part of the All-Union Radio, on June 16, 1949, broadcasting according to the standard of 625 lines began from the Moscow Television Center.

Central Television Studio (1951-1957)

March 22, 1951 as part of the All-Union Radio was created Central Television Studio(CST), the TV channel received a similar name. As part of the Central Television Studio, thematic departments were formed - "editorial offices": socio-political editorial office, editorial office of literary and dramatic broadcasting, editorial office of programs for children and musical editorial office. On April 8, 1952, the Leningrad Television Studio was established. In 1953, the Radio Information Committee was reorganized into the Main Directorate of Radio Information, the Committee on Radio Broadcasting under the Council of Ministers of the USSR into the Main Directorate of Radio Broadcasting, both committees were part of the USSR Ministry of Culture.

Since January 1, 1955, the CST has been broadcasting daily. On February 14, 1956, the CST launched the second TV channel in the USSR and Russia, called CST Moscow program, the CST channel itself became known as CST First program. Both channels broadcast only in Moscow and Leningrad. In 1956, the editorial board of Latest News was created.

Central Television (1957-1991)

In 1957, the Central Television Studio was withdrawn from the All-Union Radio and reorganized into the state institution "Central Television" (CT), the editorial offices of the Central Television Studio were reorganized into the main editorial offices of the Central Television, the Leningrad Television Studio was renamed the Leningrad Central Television Studio, the Main Directorate of Radio Information was removed from the subordination of the Ministry of Culture, directly reassigned to the Council of Ministers and reorganized into the USSR State Committee for Radio Broadcasting and Television, "CST First Program" became known as TsT First Program, TsT Moscow Program - TsT Moscow Program. In the second half of the 1950s - the first half of the 1960s, most of the territorial production departments of the Central Television - the Central Television Studios were created on the ground (in the centers of regions, territories and autonomies), at the same time, the Central Television First program began to broadcast throughout the European part of the USSR, and from November 2, 1967 - throughout the USSR, and in the mid-1970s, the broadcasting of the Central Television Moscow program was extended to the entire territory of the USSR.

On March 29, 1965, TsT launched the third TV channel in the USSR - TsT Educational program, and on November 4, 1967, the fourth TV channel - TsT Fourth program, which mainly showed replays of TsT First program, the broadcast of both channels covered Moscow and the Moscow region. On October 1, 1967, the CT First program began regular broadcasting in color. On January 25, 1971, the Technical (sixth) program TsT began broadcasting in Moscow, which was used as a technical channel during the Olympics-80 and where the Open Tennis Championships of England and France were broadcast (already in perestroika, without commentators and in full). In 1971, the CT launched a duplicate of the CT of the First program on the Orbita system (Orbit-1) for the Urals, Central Asia and part of Kazakhstan, taking into account the difference in time zones (+2 hours from Moscow time), and by January 1, 1976, the CT also launched three more duplicates of the CT First program (“Orbita-2,-3,-4”) specifically for the eastern territories of the USSR with a time shift of +8, +6 and +4 hours. Since January 1, 1977, all DH programs have been broadcast in color.

In 1981-1983, a number of regional TV channels were launched on the third TV channel - the Ukrainian television of the Kiev studio TsT, the Belarusian program of the Minsk studio TsT, the TsT Leningrad program of the Leningrad TsT studio (broadcast in Moscow on the fifth channel) and others January 1, 1982 TsT Thursday that program was transferred to the second channel and became known as the TsT Second program, the TsT Moscow program was transferred to the third channel, its broadcasting was limited to the territory of Moscow, Moscow and some adjacent regions, the TsT Educational program was transferred to the fourth channel. The TT also launched four duplicates of the TT Second program for the eastern territories (“Double-1,-2,-3,-4”).

In October 1990, the weekly Friday evening air (from 21.30 until the end of broadcasts) of the first TV channel was transferred to the private television company "VID", weekly air on Mondays - to the private television company "ATV", weekly air on Wednesdays - to the private television company "REN" TV, daily morning and afternoon broadcast of the third channel - the commercial television company "2x2".

All-Union State Television and Radio Company (March 7 - December 27, 1991)

On March 7, 1991, the Central Television and VR were merged into the All-Union State Television and Radio Company (VGTRK), the USSR State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting and the USSR State Committee for Press were merged into the Ministry of Information and Press. On May 13, 1991, the evening part of the air of the second TV channel was transferred to the All-Russian State Television and Radio Company (RTR). On September 16, 1991, the second channel was transferred in full to RTR, VGTRK The second program was transferred to the morning and afternoon air of the fourth channel.

Russian state television and radio company Ostankino (1991-1995)

On December 27, 1991, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company was abolished, and on its basis the Russian State Television and Radio Company Ostankino (RGTRK Ostankino) was created, subordinate to the Ministry of Press and Information of the Russian Federation. 2 days later, the chairman of the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company, Yegor Yakovlev, signed an order to dismiss the employees of the television company on January 5, 1992 in connection with its liquidation. At the beginning of 1992, the Studio of Moscow Television Programs of the RGTRK Ostankino and the Studio of Moscow Radio Broadcasting Programs of the RGTRK Ostankino were withdrawn from the RGTRK Ostankino and merged into the Russian Moscow State Television and Radio Company Moskva (RMTK Moskva), which was transferred to the RGTRK Ostankino Moscow program (which was renamed the Moscow television channel) and "regional windows" on Radio 1 in Moscow and the Moscow region. The Leningrad television studio of the RGTRK Ostankino and the Leningrad radio broadcasting studio of the RGTRK Ostankino were merged into the St. Radio-1 in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region and RGTRK Ostankino Leningrad program, renamed Channel Five. On July 6, 1992, the Educational program was transferred from the evening air of the fourth channel to the morning and afternoon, and the Fourth program from the morning and afternoon air to the evening, in addition, the Fourth program received all the air on the fourth channel at the weekend. RGTRK Ostankino First program became known as 1st channel Ostankino, RGTRK Ostankino Fourth program - 4th channel Ostankino, RGTRK Ostankino Educational program - Russian universities you . On December 22, the Ministry of Press and Information of the Russian Federation was divided into the State Press Committee of the Russian Federation and the Federal Service of the Russian Federation for Television and Radio Broadcasting (FSTR). On January 17, 1994, the morning and afternoon broadcasts of the fourth channel were transmitted by the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (which broadcast as the Russian Universities channel), the evening broadcast - by the private television company NTV. In the same 1994, the evening broadcast on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays on the first TV channel was taken from private television companies and returned to the Ostankino RGTRK, private television companies began to produce television programs on her order. On April 1, 1995, the first TV channel was transferred to the Public Russian Television. October 12, 1995 RGTRK "Ostankino" was abolished.

Subordination

from 1953 to May 16, 1957 - the Ministry of Culture of the USSR;
May 16, 1957 - April 18, 1962 - Committee on Radio Broadcasting and Television under the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
April 18, 1962 - October 9, 1962 - State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Radio Broadcasting and Television;
October 9, 1965 - July 12, 1970 - Committee on Radio Broadcasting and Television under the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
July 12, 1970 - July 5, 1978 - Union-Republican State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Television and Radio Broadcasting;
July 5, 1978 - March 7, 1991 - State Committee of the USSR for Television and Radio Broadcasting;
March 7 - December 27, 1991 - All-Union State Television and Radio Company.

Structure and leadership

The Central Television was headed by a director who, by virtue of his position, was the Deputy Chairman of the USSR State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting and was appointed Chairman of this committee.

Central television consisted of thematic production departments - "main editions":

Main editorial office of film programs
Main edition of literary and dramatic programs
Main edition of international programs
Main edition of music programs
The main edition of folk art
Main edition of programs for children and youth
Main edition for children and youth
Main edition of propaganda
Main edition of journalism
Main edition of sports programs
Main edition of popular science and educational programs
Main edition of programs for Moscow and the Moscow region
Main edition of literary and art programs
Main editorial office of socio-political programs

Each main editorial office was headed by an editor-in-chief, who was appointed by the director of the CT. The main editorial offices were divided into departments, headed by department heads, departments into program editors, headed by editors-in-chief.

In addition, in each territory, region, union and autonomous republic, there were territorial production departments - “studios”, within which thematic main editorial offices could also be created. The regional studios of the CT were headed by directors appointed by the director of the CT, and being in dual subordination to the regional committee on television and radio broadcasting and the director of the CT, the editors-in-chief of the main editorial offices of the regional studios were headed by the chief editors, who were appointed by the directors of the studios.

CEOs

Broadcast time

TV broadcasts on weekdays began at 6:30 with a morning information and music program (in the 1970s - at 9:00-9:10 from the release of "News", from 1978 and until January 4, 1987 - at 8 o'clock in the morning from the release of Novosti with a repeat of yesterday's release of the Vremya program) and lasted until about 12 o'clock, then there was a break until 14:00 (from 1978 - until 14:30, from 1979 - until 14:50, from 1986 of the year - until 16:00), during which the signal of the exact time was broadcast in the form of an arrow clock (according to the "Second Program" the tuning table was broadcast). The evening broadcast continued until 23:00, sometimes until 00:00. At the end of the broadcast, a flashing reminder was broadcast for several minutes - the final signal, marking the end of the broadcast with the inscription "Don't forget to turn off the TV", accompanied by a loud intermittent sound signal.

The first program worked from 6:30 to 23:00, the second program from 8:00 to 23:00 with a break for local broadcasting, in large settlements there was a third Moscow program, a fourth educational program.

Clocks, screensavers and decoration

The main screensaver of the first and second programs was a rotating globe against the background of a communications satellite transmitting the program, depicted on a yellow background. In the 1960s, the song “Soviet Moscow” by A. Titov and S. Vasiliev performed by Alexander Rozum was the screen saver before the start of the first program of the Central Television. Since 1982, when Central Television rescheduled broadcasting, the screen saver was a star-antenna on a blue background with moving rings symbolizing radio waves, and the signature “Program I” or “Program II” at the bottom, which then changed to “TV USSR”. Around February 1988, the splash screen was changed: the circles became fixed, the inscription "TV USSR" disappeared, and the background became light blue with a white gradient.

On holidays, at the beginning of the broadcast, against the background of a star with a red banner, as well as newsreels of the Soviet country, the State Anthem of the USSR sounded. The clock on the splash screen, displaying the exact time, was on a dark blue background with yellow (or white) numbers and no sound. The clock broadcast on the screen was actually a mechanical black and white clock, which was filmed by a camera and, using a specialized printed circuit board, was painted in the desired two colors. When the screensaver with the song "Motherland" began to be used in the program "Time", the background of the clock was dark green. After the appearance of the Kremlin tower, the dark blue background was returned to the clock. In 1991, advertising was displayed below the clock (Crosna, Olivetti, MMM). This idea is still used by modern TV channels (for example: RBC). Subsequently, these watches were used on other TV channels, in particular, Channel 1 Ostankino in 1991-1994, 2x2 and MTK in 1989-1997, TV-6 in 1993-2000 and the Third Channel in 1997-2002 during the transition from TVC and back.

Landscapes of Moscow, nature or direct designations - "Feature film", "Film-concert", etc. were used as screensavers.

Broadcast programs

Perestroika

Information programs

The production of information programs for the Central Television of the USSR was carried out by the Main Editorial Office of Information.

Operative information

TV news 1960-1967
News 1985-1989 (daily review of information for the past 6 hours, twice a day)
Time 1968-1991 (daily news program)
Time Moscow 1968-1986 (daily news magazine for Moscow)
News from May 13, 1991, when Russian television began broadcasting on the frequency of the Second Program
Moscow teletype 1988-1991 (information section of the program "Good evening, Moscow")
Television Information Bureau (information and advertising program, broadcast on the Moscow program)

Information-analytical and infotainment programs

News relay 1963-1969 (weekly news magazine)
International Panorama 1969-1991 (weekly news program)
Ninth studio (information and analytical program)
The Soviet Union through the eyes of foreign guests (information and journalistic program)
Seven days 1988-1990 (weekly summary information program)
120 minutes since 1986, before that it was called "90 minutes", "60 minutes" is currently the morning channel "Good Morning" (morning infotainment program)
Searchlight perestroika 1987-1989 (information and analytical)
Good evening, Moscow 1986-1991 (evening infotainment program, since 1988 - Moscow infotainment video channel)
Television service "Chapygina, 6" 1988-1991 (evening infotainment program from Leningrad, conducted a teleconference with the program "Good evening, Moscow")

Live broadcasts

In memory of the leaders of the Communist Party (broadcasts of funeral ceremonies from Red Square: on mourning days 11:00-12:00).
Sports holidays in Luzhniki (once a year).
Moscow . Red Square (the festive edition of the Vremya program, annually on May 1 and November 7 at 9:45, was also broadcast on Intervision channels).
Solemn meetings and festive concerts in honor of the International Women's Day, the birthday of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and the anniversary of the Great October Revolution (broadcasts from the State Academic Bolshoi Theater and the Kremlin Palace of Congresses).

Advertising

Until the mid-1980s, advertising was not shown on the Central Television in the form of inserts into programs: it was in the form of separate programs called “More good goods” (under the First or Second program) or simply “Advertising” (under the Moscow program). According to the Moscow program, an information and advertising program "Television Information Bureau" was broadcast.

Advertising as inserts in the middle of the programs appeared during the Thames Television week (KitKat chocolate, which was not sold in the USSR at that time) and during the Posner-Donahue teleconferences, when the American side was forced to take breaks for it. In 1988, an advertisement for Pepsi was shown, performed by American singer Michael Jackson. Also, advertisements in the form of inserts were shown during the broadcasts of the Olympic Games in Seoul (1988) .

DH announcers

Sports commentators

Nadezhda Kvyatkovskaya
Maya Gurina
Tamara Lvova
Irina Agayeva
Yulia Dyatlova (Boldinova) (native daughter of Nadezhda Kvyatkovskaya)
Tatiana Kotelskaya
Tatiana Hovhannes
Vera Khlevinskaya
Tatiana Bocharnikova
Ludmila Ovsyannikova
Irina Rudometkina
Varvara Romashkina
Lyudmila Levina (the last television sign language interpreter who started working on television 8 years after the collapse of the USSR).

Forecasters of the program "Time"

Ekaterina Chistyakova (1971-1982)
Galina Gromova (until 1982)
Valentina Shendakova (until 1982)
Anatoly Yakovlev (1987-1991)
Alexander Shuvalov (until 1991)

Deceased employees of the Central Television of the USSR

Tatyana Krasuskaya (1954-1982), a graduate of the VTU. B. Shchukin (1975), since 1977 [ ] (led “Good night, kids”)
Nonna Bodrova (1928-2009), hosted "Time"
Alexey Dmitriev (Shilov) [ Who?] (1948-2002), since 1972
Alexey Druzhinin (1963-2007), hosted the program guide, then worked for TV-6, Radio Retro, TVS and STS; killed by unknown persons on March 26, 2007
Valentina Leontyeva (1923-2007), hosted “Good night, kids”, “Visiting a fairy tale”, “From all my heart”
Vladimir Ukhin (1930-2012), from 1960 (hosted Good Night, Kids, program guide)
Anna Shilova (1927-2001), since 1956 (hosted "The Song of the Year" in tandem with Igor Kirillov)
Nina Kondratova (1922-1989)
Olga Chepurova (1925-1959), since 1952
Tatyana Korshilova (1946-1982), since 1978 (hosted “With a song through life”, “Wider Circle” and the television festival “Song of the Year”)
Yuri Fokin (1924-2009)
Nikolay Ozerov (1922-1997), sportscaster
Evgeny Mayorov (1938-1997), sports commentator of the Central Television of the USSR, later