Pantry of the sun monographic analysis. Message for literary reading lessons in elementary school about M

1. The behavior of the main character as a reflection of his inner essence. 2. Moral duel. 3. My attitude to the fight between Andrei Sokolov and Muller. In Sholokhov's story “The Fate of a Man” there are many episodes that allow us to better understand the character traits of the main character. One of these moments deserves our readership. close attention- scene of the interrogation of Andrei Sokolov by Mueller. By observing the behavior of the main character, we can evaluate Russian national character, distinctive feature which is pride and self-respect. Prisoner of war Andrei Sokolov, exhausted by hunger and hard work, in the circle of his brothers in misfortune utters a seditious phrase: “They need four cubic meters of production, but for the grave of each of us, one cubic meter through the eyes is enough.” The Germans became aware of this phrase. And then follows the interrogation of the hero. The scene of the interrogation of Andrei Sokolov by Muller is a kind of psychological “duel”. One of the participants in the duel is a weak, emaciated man. The other is well-fed, prosperous, and self-satisfied. And yet, the weak and exhausted won. Andrei Sokolov surpasses the fascist Muller in the strength of his spirit. Refusal of the offer to toast the victory of German weapons shows inner strength Andrey Sokolov. “So that I, a Russian soldier, would drink German weapons for the victory?!” The very thought of this seemed blasphemous to Andrei Sokolov. Andrei agrees to Muller's offer to drink to his death. “What did I have to lose? - he recalls later. “I will drink to my death and deliverance from torment.” In the moral duel between Muller and Sokolov, the latter wins also because he is afraid of absolutely nothing. Andrey has nothing to lose, he has already mentally said goodbye to life. He openly mocks those who at the moment is endowed with power and has a significant advantage. “I wanted to show them, the damned one, that although I’m dying of hunger, I’m not going to choke on their handouts, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride, and that they didn’t turn me into a beast, no matter how hard they tried.” The Nazis appreciated Andrei’s fortitude. The commandant told him: “That's it, Sokolov, you are a real Russian soldier. You are a brave soldier. “I am also a soldier and I respect worthy opponents.” I think that the scene of the interrogation of Andrei Sokolov by Mueller showed the Germans all the endurance, national pride, dignity and self-respect of the Russian person. This was a good lesson for the Nazis. The unbending will to live, which distinguishes the Russian people, made it possible to win the war, despite the technical superiority of the enemy.

M.A. Sholokhov wrote a story about the fate of a former prisoner of war, about the tragedy and strength of character of a man who suffered the most difficult trials. During and immediately after the Great Patriotic War soldiers returning from captivity were considered traitors, they were not trusted, and a thorough check was carried out to clarify the circumstances. The story “The Fate of Man” has become a work that allows you to see and understand the cruel truth of war.

The word “fate” can be interpreted as “life story” or used in the meaning of “fate, fate, coincidence.” In Sholokhov’s story we find both, but the hero turned out to be not one of those who meekly accepts the fate destined for him.

The author showed how dignified and courageous the Russians behaved in captivity. There were few traitors “shaking for their own skin.” By the way, they surrendered voluntarily at the first opportunity. The hero of the story “The Fate of Man” was wounded, shell-shocked and taken prisoner by the Germans in a helpless state during the battle. In the prisoner of war camp, Andrei Sokolov endured a lot of suffering: bullying, beatings, hunger, death of his comrades, “inhuman torment.” For example, Commandant Müller, going around the line of prisoners, hit every second person in the nose with his fist (or rather, with a piece of lead placed in a glove), “making blood.” This was his way of expressing Aryan superiority, emphasizing the insignificance of human life for representatives of all nations (unlike the Germans).

Andrei Sokolov had a chance to personally confront Muller, and the author showed this “duel” in one of climax episodes story.
The conversation between the captured soldier and the commandant took place because someone informed the Germans about the words Andrei had said the day before about the order in the concentration camp. Barely alive prisoners chiseled stone by hand, and the norm per person was four cubic meters per day. One day after work, wet, exhausted, hungry, Sokolov said: “They need four cubic meters of output, but for each of us, one cubic meter through the eyes is enough for the grave.” For these words he had to answer to the commandant.

In Müller’s office, all the camp authorities were sitting at the table. The Germans celebrated another victory at the front, drank schnapps, snacked on lard and canned food. And Sokolov, when he entered, almost vomited (constant fasting had an effect). Muller, clarifying the words spoken by Sokolov the day before, promised that he would honor him and personally shoot him. In addition, the commandant decided to show generosity and offered the captured soldier a drink and a snack before his death. Andrei had already taken a glass and a snack, but the commandant added that he should drink for the victory of the Germans. This really hurt Sokolov: “So that I, a Russian soldier, would drink German weapons for the victory?!” Andrei was no longer afraid of death, so he put the glass down and said that he was a teetotaler. And Müller, smiling, suggested: “If you don’t want to drink to our victory, then drink to your destruction.” The soldier, who had nothing to lose, boldly declared that he would drink to get rid of his torment. He knocked back the glass in one gulp and put the snack aside, although he was dying to eat.

What willpower this man had! Not only did he not humiliate himself over a crumb of lard or a piece of bread, but he also did not lose his dignity or sense of humor, and this gave him a feeling of superiority over the Germans. He suggested that Muller go to the courtyard, where the German would “sign” him, that is, sign a death warrant and shoot him. Müller allowed Sokolov to have a snack, but the soldier said that he didn’t have a snack after the first one. And after the second glass he announced that he was not having a snack. He himself understood: he was showing this courage not so much to surprise the Germans, but for himself, so that before his death he would not look like a coward. With his behavior, Sokolov made the Germans laugh, and the commandant poured him a third glass. Andrey took a bite as if reluctantly; He really wanted to prove that he had pride, “that the Nazis did not turn him into a beast.”

The Germans surprisingly appreciated the pride, courage and humor of the Russian soldier, and Muller told him that he respected worthy opponents and therefore would not shoot him. For his courage, Sokolov was given a loaf of bread and a piece of lard. The soldier did not really believe in the generosity of the Nazis, waited for a shot in the back and regretted that he would not bring the unexpectedly dropped treat to his hungry cellmates. And again the soldier did not think about himself, but about those who were dying of hunger. He managed to bring these “gifts” to the prisoners, and they divided everything equally.

In this episode, Sholokhov raised common man on the pedestal of a hero, despite the fact that he was a prisoner of war. It was not Sokolov’s fault in his captivity; he was not going to give up. And in captivity he did not grovel, did not betray his own, did not change his beliefs. He remained a devoted citizen of his homeland and dreamed of returning to duty to fight against the Nazis again. This incident from the life of a soldier turned out to be decisive in his fate: Sokolov could have been shot, but he saved himself, because he was less afraid of death than shame. So he remained alive.

And the “superman” Muller suddenly saw in the Russian soldier pride, a desire to preserve human dignity, courage and even contempt for death, since the prisoner did not want to clutch at life at the cost of humiliation and cowardice. This was one of Andrei Sokolov’s victories in the circumstances that fate presented.

What kind of character do you need to have in order not to submit to circumstances? Andrei's habits, which became character traits, were the most common for people of that time: hard work, generosity, perseverance, courage, the ability to love people and the Motherland, the ability to feel sorry for a person, to have compassion for him. And he was happy with his life, because he had a house, a job, his children grew up and studied. Only the lives and fate of people can be easily ruined by politicians and militarists who need power, money, new territories and income. Is a person able to survive in this meat grinder? It turns out that sometimes this is possible.

Fate was merciless to Sokolov: a bomb hit his house in Voronezh, killing his daughters and wife. Last hope for the future (dreams about his son’s marriage and grandchildren) he loses at the very end of the war, when he learns about the death of his son in Berlin.
Endless blows of fate did not destroy this man. He did not become embittered, did not hate anyone, realizing that one can only curse the fascists who killed millions human lives all over the earth. Now the enemy has been defeated, and we must move on with our lives. However, the memories were difficult and it was difficult to think about the future. The pain did not go away for a long time, and sometimes there was a desire to forget with the help of vodka, but I coped with this too, overcame the weakness.
Andrei Sokolov's meeting with the boy, a homeless orphan, changed a lot in his life. The man’s heart sank in pain when he saw someone whose life was even more difficult and worse than his own.

The writer not only shows us the twists of fate that either break or strengthen a person, Sholokhov explains why his hero acts in such a way that he can change his life. Andrei Sokolov gives the warmth of his heart to those who need it, and thereby expresses protest against fate, which has sentenced him to loneliness. Hope and the will to live were restored. He can tell himself: throw away your weaknesses, stop feeling sorry for yourself, become a protector and support for the weaker. This is the peculiarity of the image of a person with strong character. His hero argued with fate and managed to reshape his life, directing it in the right direction.

The writer Sholokhov spoke not only about the life of a specific person, a citizen Soviet Union Andrey Sokolov. He called his work “The Fate of Man,” thereby emphasizing that every person, if he is spiritually rich and strong, like his hero, is able to withstand any test, create new destiny, new life where he will have worthy role. Apparently, this is the meaning of the title of the story.
And in the current aggravated situation, M.A. Sholokhov could remind the current Russophobes and Nazis that the Sokolovs have not disappeared among the Russian people.

Reviews

M. Sholokhov - Great Russian writer, there are no words! "The Fate of Man" - bright that example. Just a story about a simple Russian peasant, but how it’s written! And S. Bondarchuk’s film based on this work is also magnificent! How he played Sokolov! This scene when he cut glasses drinks vodka, simply incomparable! And a meeting with a homeless boy brought him back to life, when it seemed there was simply no point in living any further... Thank you, Zoya! R.R.

The main character of the story M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man” Andrei Sokolov experienced a lot in his life. History itself, in the form of a bloody war, intervened and broke the hero’s fate. Andrei went to the front in May 1942. Near Lokhovenki, the truck he was working on was hit by a shell. Andrei was picked up by the Germans and captured.

Sholokhov introduced a description of captivity into his story, which was unusual Soviet literature that time. The author showed how dignified and heroic the Russian people behaved even in captivity, what they overcame: “As you remember the inhuman torment that you had to endure there in Germany, as you remember all the friends and comrades who died, tortured there in the camps, your heart It’s no longer in the chest, but in the throat, and it becomes difficult to breathe...”

Most main episode, showing the life of Andrei Sokolov in captivity - the scene of his interrogation by Mueller. This German was the commandant of the camp, “in their way, a Lagerfuhrer.” He was a ruthless man: “... he will line us up in front of the block - that’s what they called the barracks - he will walk in front of the line with his pack of SS men, right hand keeps on flight. He has it in leather glove, and the glove has a lead gasket so as not to damage your fingers. He goes and hits every second person in the nose, drawing blood. He called this “flu prevention.” And so every day... He was a neat bastard, he worked seven days a week.” In addition, Müller spoke excellent Russian, “he even leaned on the “o”, like a native Volga native,” and especially loved Russian swearing.

The reason for calling Andrei Sokolov for questioning was his careless statement. The hero was indignant about the hard work in a stone quarry near Dresden. After another working day, he went into the barracks and dropped the following phrase: “They need four cubic meters of output, but for the grave of each of us, one cubic meter through the eyes is enough.”

The next day, Sokolov was summoned to Müller. Realizing that he was going to his death, Andrei said goodbye to his comrades, “... began to gather my courage to look into the hole of the pistol fearlessly, as befits a soldier, so that my enemies would not see at my last minute that I had to give up my life after all.” difficult."

When the hungry Sokolov entered the commandant’s office, the first thing he saw was a table laden with food. But Andrei did not behave like a hungry animal. He found the strength to turn away from the table, and not to prevaricate or try to avoid death by going back on his words. Andrey confirmed that four cubic meters is too much for a hungry and tired person. Müller decided to show Sokolov the “honor” and personally shoot him, but before that he offered him a drink to the German victory. “As soon as I heard these words, it felt like I was burned by fire! I think to myself: “So that I, a Russian soldier, would drink German weapons for the victory?!” Is there something you don't want, Herr Commandant? Damn it, I’m dying, so you’ll go to hell with your vodka!” And Sokolov refused to drink.

But Muller, already accustomed to mocking people, invites Andrei to drink something else: “Would you like to drink to our victory? In that case, drink to your death.” Andrey drank, but, as a truly courageous and proud man, joked before his death: “I don’t have a snack after the first glass.” So Sokolov drank the second glass, and the third. “I wanted to show them, the damned one, that although I’m dying of hunger, I’m not going to choke on their handouts, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride, and that they didn’t turn me into a beast, no matter how hard they tried.”

Seeing this remarkable strength the will of a physically exhausted man, Muller could not resist sincere delight: “That's it, Sokolov, you are a real Russian soldier. You are a brave soldier. I am also a soldier and I respect worthy opponents. I won’t shoot you.”

Why did Mueller spare Andrei? And even gave him some bread and lard, which the prisoners of war then divided among themselves in the barracks?

I think that Muller did not kill Andrei for one simple reason: he was scared. Over the years of working in the camps, he saw many broken souls, saw how people became animals, ready to kill each other for a piece of bread. But he had never seen anything like this before! Muller was scared because the reasons for the hero’s behavior were unclear to him. And he couldn’t understand them. For the first time, among the horrors of war and camp, he saw something pure, big and human - the soul of Andrei Sokolov, which nothing could corrupt. And the German bowed to this soul.

The main motive of this episode is the motive of the test. It sounds throughout the story, but only in this episode does it acquire real power. The test of a hero is a technique actively used in folklore and Russian literature. Let us remember the trials of heroes in Russian folk tales. Andrei Sokolov is invited to drink exactly three times. Depending on how the hero behaved, his fate would be decided. But Sokolov passed the test with honor.

To further reveal the image in this episode, the author uses internal monologue hero. Tracing him, we can say that Andrei behaved heroically not only externally, but also internally. He did not even have the thought of giving in to Müller and showing weakness.

The episode is narrated from the main actor. Since several years have passed between the interrogation scene and the time when Sokolov tells this story, the hero allows himself irony (“he was a neat bastard, he worked seven days a week”). Surprisingly, after so many years, Andrei does not show hatred towards Muller. This characterizes him as truly strong man who knows how to forgive.

In this episode, Sholokhov tells the reader that the most important thing for a person in any, even the most terrible circumstances, is to always remain human! And the fate of the main character of the story, Andrei Sokolov, confirms this idea.

During the Great Patriotic War, Sholokhov, in military correspondence, essays, and the story “The Science of Hate,” exposed the anti-human nature of the war unleashed by the Nazis and revealed heroism Soviet people, love for the Motherland. And in the novel “They Fought for the Motherland,” the Russian national character was deeply revealed, clearly manifested in the days severe tests. Remembering how during the war the Nazis mockingly called Soviet soldier“Russian Ivan,” Sholokhov wrote in one of his articles: “The symbolic Russian Ivan is this: a man dressed in a gray overcoat, who, without hesitation, gave the last piece of bread and thirty grams of front-line sugar to a child orphaned in the terrible days of the war, a man , who selflessly covered his comrade with his body, saving him from imminent death, a man who, gritting his teeth, endured and will endure all hardships and hardships, going to the feat in the name of the Motherland.”

Andrei Sokolov appears before us as such a modest, ordinary warrior in the story “The Fate of a Man.” Sokolov talks about his courageous actions as if it were a very ordinary matter. He bravely performed his military duty at the front. Near Lozovenki he was tasked with transporting shells to the battery. “We had to hurry, because the battle was approaching us...” says Sokolov. “The commander of our unit asks: “Will you get through, Sokolov?” And there was nothing to ask here. My comrades may be dying there, but I’ll be sick here? What a conversation! - I answer him. “I have to get through and that’s it!” In this episode, Sholokhov noticed the main feature of the hero - a sense of camaraderie, the ability to think about others more than about oneself. But, stunned by the explosion of a shell, he woke up already in captivity of the Germans. He watches with pain as the attackers march to the east. German troops. Having learned what enemy captivity is, Andrei says with a bitter sigh, turning to his interlocutor: “Oh, brother, it’s not an easy thing to understand that you are not in captivity because of your own water. Anyone who has not experienced this on their own skin will not immediately penetrate into their soul so that they can understand in a human way what this thing means.” His bitter memories speak of what he had to endure in captivity: “It’s hard for me, brother, to remember, and even harder to talk about what I experienced in captivity. When you remember the inhuman torment that you had to endure there in Germany, when you remember all the friends and comrades who died, tortured there, in the camps, your heart is no longer in your chest, but in your throat, and it becomes difficult to breathe...”

While in captivity, Andrei Sokolov exerted all his strength to preserve the person within himself, and not to exchange “Russian dignity and pride” for any relief in fate. One of the most striking scenes in the story is the interrogation of the captured Soviet soldier Andrei Sokolov by the professional killer and sadist Muller. When Müller was informed that Andrei had allowed his dissatisfaction with hard labor to show, he summoned him to the commandant’s office for questioning. Andrei knew that he was going to his death, but decided to “gather up the courage to look into the hole of the pistol fearlessly, as befits a soldier, so that the enemies would not see last minute that it’s difficult for him to part with life...”

The interrogation scene turns into a spiritual duel between the captured soldier and camp commandant Müller. It would seem that the forces of superiority should be on the side of the well-fed, endowed with the power and opportunity to humiliate and trample the man Muller. Playing with a pistol, he asks Sokolov whether four cubic meters of production is really a lot, and is one enough for a grave? When Sokolov confirms his previously spoken words, Muller offers him a glass of schnapps before the execution: “Before you die, drink, Russian Ivan, to the victory of German weapons.” Sokolov at first refused to drink “for the victory of German weapons,” and then agreed “for his death.” After drinking the first glass, Sokolov refused to take a bite. Then they served him a second one. Only after the third did he bite off a small piece of bread and put the rest on the table. Talking about this, Sokolov says: “I wanted to show them, the damned ones, that although I am perishing from hunger, I am not going to choke on their handouts, that I have my own Russian dignity and pride and that they did not turn me into a beast, no matter how hard we tried."

Sokolov’s courage and endurance amazed the German commandant. He not only let him go, but finally gave him a small loaf of bread and a piece of bacon: “That’s it, Sokolov, you are a real Russian soldier. You are a brave soldier. I am also a soldier and I respect worthy opponents. I won't shoot you. In addition, today our valiant troops reached the Volga and completely captured Stalingrad. This is a great joy for us, and therefore I generously give you life. Go to your block..."

Considering the scene of the interrogation of Andrei Sokolov, we can say that it is one of the compositional peaks of the story. It has its own theme - spiritual wealth and moral nobility Soviet man, my own idea: there is no force in the world capable of spiritually breaking true patriot, make him humiliate himself before the enemy.

Andrei Sokolov has overcome a lot on his way. National pride and the dignity of the Russian Soviet man, endurance, spiritual humanity, indomitability and indestructible faith in life, in his Motherland, in his people - this is what Sholokhov typified in the truly Russian character of Andrei Sokolov. The author showed unbending will, courage, heroism of a simple Russian man, who in times of need the most difficult trials, which befell his Motherland, and irreparable personal losses, he was able to rise above his personal fate, filled with the deepest drama, and managed to overcome death with life and in the name of life. This is the pathos of the story, its main idea.

(2 votes, average: 5.00 out of 5)

Today in class we continued to study Sholokhov’s work and looked at his epic story called. Getting acquainted with the story, we returned to tragic events that happened in our country, namely, returned to the years of the Great Patriotic War. In our work, we follow the fate of Andrei Sokolov. At the same time, describing his fate, the author described the fate of the entire people who survived the war. The people who revealed all their strengths in their character that they revealed themselves during a difficult period of life.

After reading Sholokhov's work, we can identify the main character, giving him full description. Now we can describe the character of Andrei Sokolov from the story The Fate of a Man, highlighting individual episodes from the hero’s life that most clearly reveal the fate and image of the character.

As you already understand, the main character of Sholokhov’s work is Andrei Sokolov - an ordinary Russian hard worker who had a wife, children, that is, a full-fledged family. There was a roof over my head, ordinary everyday life. In all this he saw his happiness, and in his family he saw the meaning of life. But the war came and changed everything.

The hero faced real trials in captivity. However, Andrei did not break; he remained true, strong, brave and courageous to the end. I very much remembered the episode when reading the story about how he could not close his eyes to betrayal. Knowing that one of the soldiers is going to betray his commander and hand him over to his enemies, he goes for the kill. This episode shows the hero's willpower, his justice. It is impossible not to note the episode when Andrei Sokolov received a loaf of bread and a piece of lard. He did not eat everything on his own, but in a comradely manner he divided each piece of food among the other prisoners. This speaks of his concern for his neighbor, of his generous soul.

I also remember his escape episode, where Sokolov shows himself brave and courageous.

However, it was not captivity that became the greatest test for him. He withstood it, just as he withstood other news. He learned that the war had taken not only his home, but also the lives of his relatives, his wife and son. She took away the meaning of his life.

His soul is devastated. He returns from the war to places where no one is waiting for him and this pain cannot be fully felt. We can only imagine it. Sokolov no longer lives, but exists. He goes to work and starts drinking. However, he did not drink himself to death, as often happened. I found the strength not to fall face first into the dirt. Reading the work, we see the hero, despite everything, has not become hardened. He met a boy whom the war also made an orphan. Andrey takes the boy into his care and this speaks of his humane nature, his warmth and kindness. Now he has new meaning life - to raise this little man worthy of it the future for which he shed his blood during the war.

Episodes most important for revealing the character of Andrei Sokolov “The Fate of a Man”

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