Zhilin and Kostylin 2 fates. Zhilin and Kostylin - two different characters, two different fates
Zhilin and Kostylin: different fates
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy is a famous Russian writer. I read his story "Prisoner of the Caucasus", Tolstoy knew a lot about the Caucasus, because he himself served in the Caucasus. In The Prisoner of the Caucasus, Tolstoy talks about two Russian officers, Zhilin and Kostylin. They were both taken prisoner. The author contrasts them. Zhilin is brave, kind and smart. He thinks first of others, then of himself. When the Tatars caught him and forced him to write a letter, he bargained for a long time. He knew that his old mother had nowhere to get money from. And when I started to sign, I wrote the wrong address so that the letter would not reach. He thought: "Either I run away or I'm lost." He immediately won
respect for the Tatars by the fact that he began to bargain for his life. As a result, his owner agreed to a ransom of five hundred rubles. Kostylin was an overweight man. First he left Zhilin. And then he immediately wrote a ransom letter for five thousand rubles. Zhilin hopes only for himself. In captivity, he constantly thinks about escaping. He cannot sit idle. He starts repairing
things. Zhilin made dolls for the master's daughter, Dina, and repaired Abdul-Murat's watch. Zhilin helps everyone, even the Tatars, although they were his enemies. He sincerely attached himself to Dina, and she later helped him escape. Kostylin is a cowardly person. He does not keep the officer's word. When Zhilin and Kostylin decided to go ahead of the convoy, Kostylin had a gun. But he was frightened of the Tatars and abandoned his comrade. But that didn't save him. He, too, was taken prisoner. Kostylin is a weak person. He is waiting for help from his mother, constantly writing letters to her asking for a ransom. Kostylin does not know how to survive. In Tatar captivity, he did nothing, did not communicate with the Tatars. He was just waiting to be ransomed. When Zhilin decided to run for the first time, he took Kostylin with him. But Kostylin was weak. At first it was difficult for him to walk in boots. When he took them off, it became even harder for him to walk. Because of Kostylin they were caught. He couldn't stand the pain. When Zhilin saw the Tatars, he decided to hide. Zhilin put his comrade in misfortune on his back, and he screamed. The Tatars heard the cry and caught them. Zhilin at that moment acted as an honest man. He forgave Crutches for leaving him, and helped him. The second time Zhilin ran alone. He knew that he could not hope for a ransom. Kostylin remained in the pit. Both Zhilin and Kostylin escaped. But the first received freedom only thanks to himself, and the second - thanks to his relatives. In life, we can meet both heroes. But I like Zhilin more, who will never leave a person in trouble.
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Competitive lesson in literature
(5 cells)
on this topic
“Zhilin and Kostylin are two different characters,
two different fates
Lesson Objectives:
Tutorials: comprehension of the content of the story by L.N. Tolstoy "Prisoner of the Caucasus"; the ability to highlight the main problems raised by the author in the work; systematization of knowledge according to the story, according to the system of images of the story;
Developing: introduce children to independent research and creative activities; develop the skill of analyzing a work of art, logical thinking, monologue speech of students and their vocabulary;
Educators: to educate a spiritual and moral person who knows how to sympathize;
Communicative: teaching the culture of speech communication and etiquette.
Epigraph of the lesson:
Die yourself, but save a comrade.
A. Suvorov
Lesson equipment: small information complex (computer, multimedia projector, interactive whiteboard), presentation “The system of images in the story of L.N. Tolstoy “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, video, “Song of a friend” by V. Vysotsky, exposition of illustrations of students, printed tests.
Lesson forms: work of creative groups, work in pairs, collective.
During the classes.
1. Organizational moment.
- Hello guys. Let's smile at each other and let's get started!
2. Teacher's word: statement of the problem, message of the topic and form of the lesson.
(The lesson is accompanied by a slide show on the computer)
(1-2) Caucasus. His theme, his image, his landscape has an exceptional place in the Russian cultural tradition. In Russian poetry - in the first place. Wider - in the Russian poetic consciousness: still! Sacred names for everyone - Pushkin, Lermontov, Leo Tolstoy ... Their life and work are inextricably linked with the Caucasus.
Like the sweet song of my homeland,
I love the Caucasus
young lieutenant M. Yu. Lermontov confessed.
Remembering the Caucasus, Tolstoy said: ... (3-7)
3. Conversation on the text. (8-9)
It is proposed to answer the following questions:
– Who are these prisoners?
– How did Zhilin get captured?
– Who is to blame for his capture?
– What was each of the heroes thinking about in captivity?
– Why does Zhilin write a letter home, so that it does not reach?
4. Checking homework: letters from Zhilin and Kostylin home.
1) Analysis of letters.
2) Identification of the best letter, which most accurately characterizes one or the hero.
– What meaning does the writer put in their names?
(Answer - 10- th slide):
Zhilin: he is wiry, managed to survive, take root, get used to someone else's and
a life alien to him. Kostylin: as if on crutches, props.
– Why did the first escape fail? Who is to blame?
(listening to Vysotsky's song "Song of a Friend") (10)
V. Vysotsky. Song about a friend.
If a friend turned up suddenly,
Not a friend, not an enemy, but...
If you don't understand right away,
Is he good or bad,
Pull the guy into the mountains, take a chance,
Don't leave him alone.
Let him be in touch with you in one -
There you will understand who it is.
If a guy is in the mountains - not ah,
If you immediately become limp - and down,
Step stepped on the glacier - and wilted,
Stumbled - and in a cry,
So, next to you is a stranger,
You do not scold him - drive:
They don’t take them up here either,
They don't sing about them.
5. Work on illustrations.
– Choose quotes that match one or another illustration
(work on slides). (11)
– We did not accidentally remember these episodes
– Let's arrange them in the right order and write them down in the form of a story plan. (12)
6. Testing by images.
– Let's check the knowledge of the text:
Work in pairs. Tasks have a test form (mutual verification).
Zhilin.
1. What made Zhilin leave the Caucasus?
A) letter from mother
B) brother's telegram;
C) summoning superiors.
2. The horse near Zhilin was ...
A) bay;
B) thoroughbred;
B) hunting.
3. Zhilin ...
A) small in stature, but daring;
B) tall, brave, lanky;
C) a cowardly, miserable man.
4. Zhilin had weapons ...
A) a gun
B) checker;
B) a pistol.
5. When Zhilin was captured, he was placed ...
A) in the barn
B) in a hole
B) to jail.
6. What did Zhilin want most in the barn?
Is there;
B) drink
C) free your hands.
7. How much did Zhilin ask for a ransom from the Tatars?
A) 500 rubles;
B) 1000 rubles;
C) 3000 rubles.
8. What did he do in captivity?
A) tried to find contact with the Tatars;
B) did needlework and tried to find an escape route;
C) sewed clothes.
9. What did Zhilin do and put on the roof?
A) a whistle
B) a jug;
B) a doll.
10. What was the fame about Zhilin among the Tatars?
A) that he is a master;
b) that he is a sorcerer
C) that he is a Muslim.
11. What did Zhilin do at night in the barn?
A) slept
B) did needlework;
C) digging a tunnel.
12. How did Zhilin find out the way to the Russians?
A) asked Dina;
B) climbed the mountain and looked;
C) calculated on the map.
Kostylin.
1. Kostylin ...
A) thin, tall man;
B) overweight, fat, all red;
C) medium height, medium build.
2. Kostylin had ...
A) a gun
B) a pistol
B) automatic.
3. What did Kostylin do when he saw the Tatars?
a) started shooting
B) was waiting for Zhilin;
C) rode to the fortress.
4. How much did Kostylin ask for a ransom for himself in a letter home?
A) 1000 coins;
B) 3000 coins;
C) 5000 coins.
5. What did Kostylin do in the shed of the Tatars?
A) counted the days when the letter would arrive, and slept;
B) made an escape plan;
C) dug a tunnel under the barn.
6. Who during the escape Kostylin was afraid in the forest?
A) deer
B) a bear
B) a boar.
7. Why did Kostylin fall behind Zhilin during the escape?
A) was too lazy to go;
B) suffocated from fast walking;
B) rubbed his feet.
8. Why did the Tatar who drove the cows find out about the fugitives?
A) Kostylin whistled;
B) Kostylin screamed;
C) Kostylin fired.
9. What happened to the Kostylin pit?
a) he got sick
B) he got brave;
C) slept for days.
10. What did Kostylin do when Zhilin offered to run for the second time?
A) refused
B) agreed
C) issued a plan to the Tatars.
11. How long after Zhilin's escape was Kostylin brought?
A) in a week
B) in a month;
B) six months later.
12. How did Kostylin free himself from the Tatars?
A) he was liberated by the Cossacks;
B) fled
B) made a ransom.
7. Comparative characteristics of the heroes. Work in creative groups.
– Now that we have comprehended the content of the story, identified the main problems, it's time to sum up the first results.
– What kind of heroes appeared before us?
Working with a table of synonyms: make a description of phrases (in writing).
Zhilin:
kind (thinks of mother, pities her); hopes for himself, contemplates an escape; active person;
managed to take root in the village (he is Zhilin!); hardworking, cannot sit idle, master;
helps everyone, even his enemies - the Tatars; he is interested in other people, he loves children;
magnanimous (forgave Kostylin for abandoning him in battle).
Kostylin:
a weak person, does not rely on himself, waits for help from his mother; very lazy;
capable of betrayal (left Zhilin); limp, discouraged;
does not understand other people, thinks only of himself.
8. Work on illustrations of students. Self-esteem.
– Whose portrait conveys the real image of the heroes of L.N. Tolstoy?
9. A short break in the lesson for a warm-up.
Fizminutka.
Are you tired?
Well, then everyone stood up together.
They stomped their feet,
They clapped their hands.
Twisted, turned
And everyone sat down at the desks.
We close our eyes tightly
We count to five together.
We open, we blink
And we start working.
10. Drawing up a conclusion on the lesson.
– It's time to draw conclusions:
1) The following questions are asked:
– Why was Zhilin's second escape from captivity successful? (13)
Zhilin became his own, enjoyed some freedom, was able to scout the way home, liked Dina, who helped him.
2) Dictionary work according to the articles of the etymological dictionary. (13) – What, in your opinion, is the meaning of the word "one's own" to determine the position of Zhilin?– How was the fate of Kostylin?
– Who is the Caucasian prisoner?
Video clip: the opinion of two high school students about the Caucasian captive.
– One believes that the prisoner is Zhilin, the other Kostylin. Which of them is right? (14)
11. The final word of the teacher.
L.N. Tolstoy shows that people may not understand and even hate each other, but they have the opportunity to understand each other, although this requires some effort.
Kostylin is not only in Tatar captivity, but also in captivity of his weakness, his egoism, and he does not get out of this captivity. Zhilin managed to survive, take root in a hostile environment, as he managed to win over even his enemies; he solved his problems himself, without shifting them onto the shoulders of others; how strong he was, "wiry" was not. Zhilin managed to escape from captivity, and Kostylin remained not only and not so much in Tatar captivity, but in captivity of his weakness, his selfishness.
L.N. Tolstoy shows how helpless, how physically weak Kostylin turns out to be, how he only hopes for a ransom that his mother will send. Kostylin is in double captivity, as we said above. The writer, drawing this image, as if says that, without getting out of the internal captivity, it is impossible to get out of the external captivity.
Zhilin, on the contrary, does not count on his mother, does not want to shift his difficulties onto her shoulders. He is included in the life of the Tatars, the aul, he is constantly doing something, he knows how to win over even his enemies - he is strong in spirit. It is this idea, first of all, that the author wants to convey to us.
12. Homework:
(15) write an essay "Who would I go on reconnaissance with?".
13. The final moment of the lesson. Reflection.
– Thanks for the lesson guys. Lesson over, goodbye. And finally, I want to invite you to evaluate the lesson. What feelings did he evoke in you? Choose one of the sheets of the seven-color flower and, leaving the class, please attach it to the board.
Description of the presentation Zhilin and Kostylin - two different characters, two on slides
1. Why is the story called "Prisoner of the Caucasus"? "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I 2. Who was called the "Prisoner of the Caucasus" in the story? 3. What is the reason that made Zhilin hit the road. 4. What was the danger of the path?
"Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I 5. What made Zhilin and Kostylin break away from the guards and go ahead?
"Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I 6. How did the heroes agree to behave when leaving the convoy, and how did they behave when they met with the highlanders?
"Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I 7. Tell us about how Zhilin and Kostylin were captured.
8. How was the fate of Zhilin, and then Kostylin in captivity, determined? "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I I 9. What makes Zhilin bargain, give the wrong address?
1. How did Zhilin and Kostylin live in captivity? What was different about their life during the month of captivity in the camp of the enemy? 2. With whose help do we get acquainted with the life of a mountain village? 3. How did the Tatars in the first days of captivity treat Zhilin and Kostylin and why? 4. Are the highlanders right when they call Zhilin "dzhigit" and Kostylin "tame"? Explain the reason for this difference. 5. Why did local residents from nearby villages begin to come to Zhilin? "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter III
Comparative table Quality Zhilin Kostylin 1. The meaning of the surname Veins are blood vessels, tendons. A crutch is a stick with a crossbar placed under the arm, which serves as a support when walking for lame people or those with sore legs. Wiry - dry, muscular, with protruding veins 2. Appearance "But Zhilin, although not great in stature, but he was daring." “And Kostylin is a heavy, fat man, all red, and the sweat is pouring from him”
Comparative table Quality Zhilin Kostylin 3. Place of residence of the heroes Mountain Tatar aul, barn 4. What did the prisoners eat? Millet flour flatbread or raw dough and water; milk, cheese cakes, a piece of lamb Only millet flour cake or raw dough and water
Comparative table Quality Zhilin Kostylin “I wrote a letter to Zhilin, but I wrote it wrong on the letter, so that it didn’t get through. He himself thinks: “I will leave.” “Kostylin wrote home again, he kept waiting for the money to be sent and was bored. For whole days he sits in the barn and counts the days when the letter will arrive; or sleeping.” 5. What did the officers do? “And he himself is looking out for everything, trying to find out how he can escape. He walks around the aul, whistles, otherwise he sits, doing some needlework - silt and sculpts dolls from clay, or weaves wickerwork from twigs. And Zhilin was a master of all needlework.
Zhilin Kostylin We draw a conclusion We give a description of Zhilin and Kostylin. Comparative table An active person. In a difficult situation does not lose strength of mind. He makes every effort to get out of the village, to make an escape. All his actions and deeds are subordinated to one goal - liberation. Passive, lazy, inactive, bored, waiting for money to be sent; unable to adapt to the situation.
How did Zhilin live for a month? What trick did the hero come up with to climb the mountain? What prevented him from escaping that same evening? Why did Zhilin invite Kostylin to run away with him? Explain the reason for Kostylin's hesitation before escaping? "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I V
“Zhilin is preparing to escape” Drawing up a story plan based on the materials of chapters III and IV 1. Acquaintance with the life of the Tatar village. 2. Work on the tunnel. 3. Search for the road. 4. Escape route - only to the North. 5. The sudden return of the Tatars. 6. Escape.
We draw a conclusion Look how brightly, strongly the character of one person can manifest itself and the character of another person does not appear at all in the same circumstances.
We conclude One is helped out by patience, endurance, cunning, courage, the desire to be free, faith in one's rightness; the other does not show any efforts, actions to free himself from captivity at the cost of his own efforts, although he also wants to return to his homeland.
Zhilin and Kostylin different fates composition grade 5
Plan
1. Briefly about the work.
2.1. Life in captivity.
2.2. The escape.
3. My favorite hero.
L. N. Tolstoy wrote his story Prisoner of the Caucasus in 1872 and dedicated it to the events of the Caucasian War. In the work, using the example of two people, he described the difficult life in Tatar captivity and the military prowess of a Russian prisoner.
Zhilin and Kostylin are different characters both in character and way of thinking. But one day they were on the same road. During the captivity, Zhilin behaved like a hero, fought back and tried to escape. But Kostylin, on the contrary, became afraid and, having a loaded gun and a war horse, not only did not protect his comrade, he even failed to escape!
It is noteworthy how both of these officers, being in the same circumstances, behaved differently. Zhilin invariably relied only on himself, constantly looking for opportunities to escape, always behaved correctly. For example, he did a good job - he made clay dolls and distributed them to local children, repaired things and treated the sick. By this he won the respect and sympathy of the Tatars.
Kostylin, on the contrary, behaved passively and cowardly. He, complaining about his fate, constantly lay in the barn, relaxing physically and mentally. He did not strive for anything, did not want to fight, was afraid of everything and was lazy. Both comrades reacted differently to the possibility of a ransom. Zhilin did not want his elderly mother to pay an exorbitant fee for him, he bargained for up to five hundred rubles for his freedom, and even then he specially sent a letter to the wrong address. Kostylin, on the contrary, was delighted that it was possible to throw off the responsibility for his release on someone, and inactively began to wait for a ransom from the house.
During the first escape, Zhilin showed himself to be a persistent and courageous person. Overcoming the pain in his legs from hard blocks, he patiently demolished all obstacles, purposefully moved forward, hoping for the best. His comrade in misfortune, on the contrary, whined all the way, complained and wanted to return back to captivity, and later he became so weak that Zhilin was forced to drag his comrade on himself. In this act, all the most beautiful features of a man were manifested - kindness, self-sacrifice, readiness to help.
After returning to the Tatars, Zhilin did not stop losing hope of escaping. Despite the terrible conditions in which the prisoners found themselves, Ivan continued to act, take the initiative, and fight. His optimistic spirit and cheerful attitude, his inextinguishable energy and purposefulness greatly influenced the result. Zhilin's cordiality and pleasant manners prompted the master's daughter, Dina, to help him escape. Taking the risk, the girl helped the prisoner escape and even escorted him outside the village.
Zhilin happily reached his own, and Kostylin, refusing to re-escape, spent another month in captivity. He, half-dead, weakened, was released as soon as the ransom came. Of course, I am delighted with the main character Zhilin. He is a fearless and courageous person, confident in himself and in his abilities, positive and cheerful. He was able to change his circumstances, he was able to cope with a seemingly incredibly difficult problem, he was able to get out of a difficult situation with dignity. You can learn a lot from this man, for example, how to be an optimist in difficult circumstances, how to become a good friend, how to behave in an unusual environment.
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Prisoner of the Caucasus composition according to the plan Grade 5 Option 1 Plan 1. Zhilin and Kostylin 2. Characteristics of prisoners of war 3. My opinion L.N. Tolstoy is a great Russian writer. The heroes of his story "Prisoner of the Caucasus": Zhilin and Kostylin.
Plan 1. Introduction 2. Circumstances of captivity 3. Behavior in captivity 4. Escape 5. Behavior after the escape 6. Conclusions Kostylin is one of the main characters in L. N. Tolstoy's story "Prisoner of the Caucasus". He is the exact opposite of Zhilin.
"Prisoner of the Caucasus"
Chapter I
1. Why is the story called "Caucasian
prisoner"?
2. Whom
called in the story "Caucasian
prisoner"?
3. What is the reason that made Zhilin
hit the road.
4. What was the danger of the path?
Chapter I
5.
What made Zhilin and Kostylin
break away from the guard and go ahead? "Prisoner of the Caucasus"
Chapter I
6. How the heroes agreed to behave when leaving
from the convoy, and how they behaved when they met
mountaineers? "Prisoner of the Caucasus"
Chapter I
7. Tell us about how you were captured in
captured Zhilin and Kostylin. "Prisoner of the Caucasus"
Chapter II
8.
How
decided
the fate of Zhilin, and then
and Kostylin in captivity?
9. What makes Zhilina
to bargain,
give
wrong address? "Prisoner of the Caucasus"
Chapter III
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How did Zhilin and Kostylin live in captivity? How
their life was different during the month of captivity
in the camp of the enemy?
With whose help we get acquainted with life
mountain village?
How did the Tatars in the first days of captivity treat
Zhilin and Kostylin and why?
Are the highlanders right when they call Zhilin a "dzhigit"
And
Kostylin
"meek"?
Explain
reason for this difference.
Why locals began to come to Zhilin
residents from nearby villages?
comparison table
Quality1. Meaning
surnames
2. Appearance
Zhilin
Kostylin
Veins - blood vessels Crutch - stick with
vessels, tendons.
crossbar,
pledged under
wiry -
mouse serving
lean,
support when walking
muscular, with
lame people or
speakers
those who are sick
veins
legs
“And Zhilin at least not“ A
Kostylin
great in stature, yes the man is daring
overweight,
was".
thick,
the whole
red and sweat from it
so it pours"
comparison table
Quality3rd place
residence
heroes
4. What did they eat
prisoners?
Zhilin
Kostylin
Mountain Tatar aul, barn
Cake
from
millet flour or
raw dough and water;
milk,
cheese
flatbread,
piece
lamb
Only a cake
millet flour or
raw dough and water
10. Comparison table
Quality5. Than
were engaged
officers?
Zhilin
Kostylin
"Wrote
Zhilin
letter, but not in writing
so wrote - so as not to
came. He thinks: "I
I'll go"
"Kostylin once again
wrote home
waiting for money to be sent
and bored. In whole
sits in the barn for days and
counting the days when
the letter will come; or
sleeping"
“And he looks out for everything,
asks him how
run. Walks around the village
whistles, and then sits,
anything
needlework - or from
clay dolls sculpts, or
weaves
wickerwork
from
rods. And Zhilin
any needlework was
master"
11. Comparison table
Quality6. Opinion
Tatars about
captives
Zhilin
Kostylin
"Dzhigit"
"Smirny"
12. Comparison table
ZhilinKostylin
We draw a conclusion
We characterize Zhilin and Kostylin
Active person. IN
difficult
situations
Not
loses his mental strength. All
making efforts to
to get out of the village
make an escape. All of it
deeds
And
affairs
subject to the same goal of liberation.
Passive
lazy,
inactive, bored, waiting,
when the money will be sent; Not
able to adapt to
situations.
13.
"Prisoner of the Caucasus"Chapter IV
How did Zhilin live for a month?
What is the hero's trick?
to climb the mountain?
What prevented him that evening
make an escape?
Why did Zhilin propose to Kostylin
run with him?
Explain
reason
hesitation
Kostylin before the escape?
14. "Zhilin is preparing to escape"
Making a story planmaterials III and IV chapters
1. Acquaintance with the life of the Tatar village.
2. Work on the tunnel.
3. Search for the road.
4. Escape route - only to the North.
5. The sudden return of the Tatars.
6. Escape.
15. Draw a conclusion
look,How
bright,
strongly
Maybe
manifest the character of one person and completely
not manifest the character of another in the same
circumstances.
16. Draw a conclusion
Onehelps out patience, endurance,
cunning,
courage,
wish
be
free, faith in one's rightness; another
does not show any effort
to the fact that at the cost of their own efforts
to be released from captivity, although he, too,
I want to return to my homeland.
17. Homework
Preparestory according to the plan "Zhilin
getting ready to run."
