About the creation of the novel "Dubrovsky". Historical and cultural context of time

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the greatest poet and writer. His works are priceless and unique. The novel "Dubrovsky" brilliantly describes not only the life and life of people of that time, but also the relationship between different strata of society, their social isolation from each other. No wonder this work is included in the compulsory course of literary study in the 6th grade of the school curriculum.

The history of the creation of the novel "Dubrovsky"

The work is based on the lives and destinies of real people:

• One of them was Ostrovsky. He was a poor Belarusian nobleman who had a lawsuit with a neighbor over land. As a result of the lawsuit, Ostrovsky lost his estate. As a result, Ostrovsky took up robbery and subsequently ended up in prison. This is the story told to the writer by his friend P. V. Nashchekin.
• And Pushkin also knew another no less tragic story of one person. Lieutenant Muratov owned the Novospassky estate, which consisted of 186 serf souls. In 1759, the estate was sold to Muratov's father, but in 1790, as a result of a fire, documents confirming the ownership of the estate burned down. Therefore, the new owner could not prove in court that there was a deal to sell the estate, so the ownership passed to the previous owner. In this case, court officials did not begin to open the archives of the district court, which contained evidence of the right to own the estate by Lieutenant Muratov. A copy of the extract from the court case went into the manuscript of the novel.

These messages are from the history of living people that Pushkin was so impressed with. After the writer's revision, a whole work was obtained. Pushkin began to create Dubrovsky on October 21, 1832, and the last chapter is dated February 6, 1833. Unfortunately, the book was never completed and not prepared for publication. The book itself did not receive a title from the author, because in the table of contents of the original manuscript there was only the date of its beginning, and the name of the prose was given by its publishers. The novel was first published in 1841 after Pushkin's death. The first edition was subjected to severe censorship, much was cut out and not allowed to be published.

Brief overview of the work

The novel is based on the conflict of social inequality. On the one hand, the wealthy, wealthy landowner Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, a very wayward person by nature, accustomed to cruel treatment of people and to the fact that everyone around him pleases. On the other hand, the poor landowner Dubrovsky (the father of the hero), who are connected by a long-standing friendship in the service. In relation to Troekurov, Dubrovsky behaves independently and proudly. It was their similar character that became the basis of their friendship and the same character made them enemies.

Once there is a quarrel in the kennel between friends because of the incident with one of the serfs, who very boldly noticed the financial well-being of Dubrovsky. The beginning of future enmity has been laid, from now on, former friends turn into irreconcilable enemies.

Troekurov files a lawsuit in the provincial court, uses his influence and money, in the end he wins the case and takes the estate of Dubrovsky - Kistenevka. During the trial, Dubrovsky's father goes crazy, so the son is forced to quit his studies in St. Petersburg and return to his seriously ill father.

After his death, Vladimir sets fire to the estate along with court officials and goes on the path of a robber. His impudent raids and robberies are subjected to local landowners, all except Troekurov. The authorities of the province are trying to destroy the robbers, but nothing comes of them. Dubrovsky disbands his gang and goes abroad. This is where the story ends. Although some researchers believe that in a possible Pushkin plan to continue the story, Dubrovsky returns to Russia to meet Masha, Troekurov's daughter, who was given in marriage to the old prince Vereisky, but he will be denounced about his old robbery affairs.

The image of the main character

At the beginning of the story, the main character to match his enemy: he is also carefree, flippant, and overly proud. Easily spends his father's money, he is not interested in the life of ordinary peasants. After the death of his father, Dubrovsky begins to understand and appreciate the lives of other people. An understanding comes to him about responsibility not only for his own life, but also for the life of the people who surround him. Despite the fact that the protagonist crossed the line of the law, chose the path of a "villain", he does not lose his newly acquired qualities, remains courageous, honest and a person capable of a high feeling - love.

Criticism

Many criticize "Dubrovsky" for a "copy" of works with similar themes that have already been published abroad, for creating a "Russian Robin Hood", they say, this is an attempt to make easy money on such a topical topic, as A. Akhmatova responded. Despite this, other critics appreciated in the novel the high reliability of the landlord life of the then Russia, a detailed description of the heroes of the story.

Conclusion

Pushkin in his work skillfully revealed what was happening:

• when some people have a lot of money and connections, unlimited by the simple norms of human morality;
• if the greed and greed of officials flourishes.
• when there is no way to achieve justice by legal means.

Video

From this video you can learn about how the novel "Dubrovsky" was created.

This work of the great Russian classic about the descendants of two warring landlord families remained unfinished, was not prepared for publication, the author's own notes and comments remained on the pages of the manuscript, and did not even have a title. But, nevertheless, this particular novel is still considered one of the most famous works about robbers in Russian.

The first publication of the novel dates from 1841. But the work passed strict censorship, during which it underwent significant distortions, changes, some parts of the novel were cut out, omitted. The reason for such changes was, of course, the popularization of freethinking, showing the robber chieftain as a positive hero with the ability to love, compassion and empathy. Only many years later, already in Soviet times, the reader had the opportunity to get acquainted with it in full.

The history of the creation of the novel "Dubrovsky"

The author based the novel on the enmity of the social strata of the country, it is very clearly expressed in his drama, contrasting scenes of the work, mental throwing of both the hero and the characters of the second plan.

The idea to write a novel of this kind came to Pushkin after he heard from friends a story about a nobleman of Belarusian origin Ostrovsky. It was he who became the prototype of the protagonist, it was his life ups and downs that formed the basis of the work. This story happened in 1830, when Ostrovsky's family estate was taken away from him, and his peasants, not wanting to become the property of the new owner, chose the robbery path.

This story struck Pushkin to the depths of his soul, who was an implacable fighter for the human right to free thought and tried in every possible way to emphasize this in his works, for which he was subjected to persecution and disgrace.

About the plot of the novel "Dubrovsky"

The plot of the novel revolves around the fate of the protagonist. Despite the fact that Vladimir Dubrovsky is endowed with such qualities as nobility, courage, kindness and honesty, his life does not add up, he is haunted by fatal failures and troubles.

In the course of the story, the hero goes through not one, but three life paths - from an ambitious and wasteful guard officer to a courageous and unusually modest teacher Deforge, to an implacable and formidable robber chieftain.

Having lost the parental home, the environment familiar from childhood, society and having lost the possibility of simple cultural communication, the hero also loses love. At the end of the novel, he has no choice but to go against the law, to enter into a fierce duel with the morals and foundations of society that prevailed at that time.

Characteristics of the heroes and a brief summary will be analyzed especially carefully. We will also present a short review of critical reviews of the work of the author's contemporaries.

History of creation

The story was based on the story that Pushkin was told by his friend P.V. Nashchokin. Thus, the novel "Dubrovsky" has realistic roots. The analysis of the work, therefore, must begin precisely with this.

So, Nashchokin met a Belarusian nobleman in prison, who had been suing a neighbor for a long time because of the land, was expelled from the estate and then, left with several peasants, began to engage in robbery. The surname of that criminal was Ostrovsky, Pushkin replaced it with Dubrovsky, and moved the action of the work to the 20s of the 19th century.

Initially, Pushkin titled the novel with the date - "October 21, 1832", which marked the beginning of work on the novel. And the well-known name of the work was already given by the editor before publication in 1841.

Even at school, children study the novel "Dubrovsky". Analysis of the work (grade 6 - the time when students get to know it for the first time) is usually done according to the scheme. And if the first item is a description of the history of creation, then a brief summary of the novel should follow.

The landowner Kirill Petrovich Troekurov, a retired general-in-chief, a classic wayward and rich gentleman, all his neighbors cater to his whims, and provincial officials tremble at the sight of him. He is friends with his neighbor and former army comrade Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, a poor and independent nobleman, a former lieutenant.

Troyekurov always had a nasty and cruel character. More than once he mocked his guests. His favorite trick was to lock one of those who came to him in a room with a bear.

Development of action

Somehow, Dubrovsky comes to Troekurov, and the landowners quarrel over the impudence of the guest's servant. Gradually, the quarrel turns into a real war. Troekurov decides to take revenge, bribes the judge and, thanks to his impunity, sues Kistenevka, his estate, from Dubrovsky. Having learned the verdict, the landowner goes crazy right in the courtroom. His son, guards cornet Vladimir, is forced to leave the service and come from St. Petersburg to his sick father. Soon the elder Dubrovsky dies.

Court officials arrive to formalize the transfer of property, they get drunk and stay overnight at the estate. At night, Vladimir sets fire to the house with them. Dubrovsky, together with the faithful peasants, becomes a robber. Gradually, he terrifies all the surrounding landowners. Only Troekurov's possessions remain untouched.

A teacher comes to the Troekurov family to enter the service. Dubrovsky intercepts him halfway and bribes him. Now he himself, under the guise of Deforge, goes to the enemy's estate. Gradually, between him and Masha Troekurova, the daughter of a landowner, love arises.

denouement

It is best to view the novel in its entirety. And the analysis of the work "Dubrovsky" by chapters will be quite problematic, since they are an element of one whole and out of context lose most of their meaning.

So, Troekurov decides to marry his daughter to Prince Vereisky. The girl is against and does not want to marry the old man. Dubrovsky makes an unsuccessful attempt to prevent their marriage. Masha sends him a signal, he comes to save her, but it turns out to be too late.

When the wedding procession leaves the church for the prince's estate, Dubrovsky's people surround him. Vladimir offers Masha freedom, she can leave her old husband and leave with him. But the girl refuses - she has already taken an oath and cannot break it.

Soon the provincial authorities almost managed to catch Dubrovsky's gang. After that, he dismisses his people, and he goes abroad.

Analysis of Pushkin's work "Dubrovsky": theme and idea

This work is one of the most significant in the work of the writer. In it, Pushkin reflected many problems of his time. For example, the tyranny of the landlords, the arbitrariness of officials and judges, the lack of rights of serfs and robbery as a reaction to all this of recalcitrant and brave people.

The theme of robbery for good purposes is not new in world and Russian literature. The image of a noble and freedom-loving robber did not leave indifferent many writers of the romantic direction. However, this is not the only way to declare Pushkin's interest in this topic. For many years, robbery was widespread in Russia. The robbers were former soldiers, impoverished nobles, runaway serfs. However, the people did not blame them for the robberies, but the authorities, which brought them to this. And Pushkin decided in his work to show why honest people have to go out onto the high road.

The peculiarity of the conflict

We continue to describe the analysis of Pushkin's work "Dubrovsky". Grade 6, namely, where they study the novel, is already familiar with such a concept as “conflict”, so it will definitely need to be considered.

So, there are only 2 conflicts in the novel, which are strikingly different both in nature and in social significance. The first has a bright social coloring and is associated with class inequality. Andrey Dubrovsky and Kirila Troekurov collide in it. And as a result, he leads to a rebellion of Vladimir, who cannot come to terms with arbitrariness. This is the main conflict of the novel.

However, there is a second one, connected with the theme of love and family and domestic relations. It manifests itself in the weary marriage of Masha to the old prince. Pushkin raises the topic of female lawlessness, speaks of the impossibility of lovers to be happy because of the whim of their parents.

Both of these conflicts are united by the figure of Kirila Troekurov, who became the cause of the troubles of both the Dubrovskys and their own daughter.

The image of Vladimir Dubrovsky

The protagonist of the novel is Vladimir Andreevich Dubrovsky. Analysis of the work allows us to give it a very flattering description. He is a poor nobleman, he is 23 years old, he has a majestic appearance and a booming voice. Despite his position, he did not lose his honor and pride. He, like his father, always treated the serfs well and earned their love. That is why they entered into an agreement with him when he planned to burn the estate, and then began to rob.

His mother died when he was only a year old. However, he knew that his parents married for love. This is the future he wanted for himself. Masha Troekurova became that very only love for him. However, her father intervened. Vladimir made a desperate attempt to save his beloved, but could not. His nobility was also shown in the fact that he meekly left when Masha refused to run away with him. We can say that this hero embodies the concept of noble honor.

The image of Troekurov

To denounce people like Troekurov, the novel "Dubrovsky" was written. An analysis of the work makes us understand the baseness and unscrupulousness of this person. Nothing is sacred to him. He with equal ease squeezes his servants and friends out of the world. Even the death of a comrade and a good friend did not stop his greed. He did not spare his daughter either. For the sake of profit, Troekurov doomed Masha to an unhappy life in marriage and deprived her of true love. At the same time, he is confident that he is right and does not even allow the thought that he can be punished.

Novel in critical acclaim

What did the critics think about the novel "Dubrovsky"? An analysis of the work helped us understand that Pushkin wrote a rather topical book. However, Belinsky, for example, called her melodramatic, and Dubrovsky a hero who does not arouse sympathy. On the other hand, the critic highly appreciated the authenticity with which Pushkin portrayed Troekurov and the landlord life of his time.

P. Annenkov noted that the novel has a romantic ending, inconsistent with its content, but the characters described are distinguished by their special psychology and reliability. also emphasized the vitality of the described situation and the realism of the characters.

"Dubrovsky": analysis of the work in brief

If necessary, make a brief analysis. Then you can write the following. The main theme of the work is robbery in Russia. The idea is to show how people get on this path, and who is to blame. Pushkin tried to denounce the authorities and show the social injustice reigning around. There are two conflicts in the work - social and love. The first is connected with the unlimited power of those who have it, and the second with the complete parental power over their children. The main culprit is Troekurov, who embodies the classic type of Russian gentleman.

Among the unfinished works of the luminary of Russian poetry Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the novel "Dubrovsky" became extraordinary for modern Russian prose. It is original due to the combination of sore problems in society with a dynamic storyline. Work on the work lasted a little over six months, but it was published only eight years later, in 1841, in a volume of Pushkin's posthumous works. There are rumors that, according to the author's intention, the end could have been different, but for many generations of readers who are fond of this book, they cannot imagine a different development of events.

Reception of the novel

The novel "Dubrovsky", the author of which is a genius in representing all the inhabitants of the country without exception, is perceived as completely finished, although it did not receive the final artistic processing; some plot episodes remained undeveloped, the motives of the characters' behavior are not completely clear, and there is no proper depth in the depiction of the main characters. In fact, they are very static, and the reader is forced to independently invent their human features. Only a detailed study of the drafts made it possible to understand the idea of ​​the novel "Dubrovsky". The author gave food for thought to his followers. A number of hypotheses have been put forward about the reasons for the incompleteness of the novel and its possible continuation.

The writing process

The novel "Dubrovsky" Pushkin wrote enthusiastically, and then suddenly cooled down to the process and did not return to work further. A possible reason for the cooling is called the interest in the "History of Pugachev" and the first drafts of the novel about Pugachev. Among Pushkin's works, this work became at the same time a stage on the way from Belkin's Tales to a modern socio-psychological novel and a step towards the historical novel The Captain's Daughter. In the novel "Dubrovsky" Pushkin is guided by the key concepts for his work of brevity, accuracy and simplicity. The main narrative principle was the alternation of compressed author's characteristics of the characters with the depiction of specific scenes with their participation.

The emergence of the idea of ​​the novel

Very restrained and concise, Pushkin's work "Dubrovsky" characterizes the life and customs of the local nobility. The author uses accurate analytical prose, trying to be as objective as possible, but remaining human and giving direct assessments of actions from time to time and releasing ironic remarks.

With its freshness and originality, the novel evokes associations with the works of Western European and Russian writers of the 18th-first third of the 19th century. Many researchers of Pushkin's work think that the impetus for the creation of the novel was given by Schiller's drama "The Robbers", Kapnist's comedy "Snake" and many accusatory plays about corrupt servants of Russian justice. But in fact, the writer was inspired by the story of the Belarusian nobleman Ostrovsky, which he was told by his Moscow friend P.V. Nashchokin. The essence of the story is that the estate was illegally taken away from the landowner, after which he became a robber and ended up in prison.

This story, supplemented by the facts of the court proceedings, became the basis of the novel. Thus, the writer achieved maximum authenticity and even documentary nature of the novel. There is evidence of such veracity - in the second chapter, the text of the document of the court decision in the case of one of the landowners who lost his estate is given practically without changes. Only the names of the heroes of the lawsuit are replaced by fictitious ones - Troekurov and Dubrovsky.

But the author of the book "Dubrovsky" did not limit himself to court chronicles and oral stories about lawlessness, which have long become a typical everyday occurrence. Many social and moral problems of the victims of the arbitrariness of higher authorities were organically woven into the plot. According to the great V. Belinsky, Pushkin's novel "Dubrovsky" is one of the "poetic creations" that reflect Russian society.

"Dubrovsky" - who wrote it and what conflicts were the basis for?

Some time before the start of work on the novel, namely in February 1832, Alexander Sergeevich was awarded a special present from Emperor Nicholas I. It was a collection of laws of the empire in 55 volumes. Such a sign of royal disposition was supposed to show the poet the full power of legislation. In the novel "Dubrovsky" (who wrote it, everyone knows) there is no longer the romantic pathos inherent in the early works of the poet. Here the poet demonstrates the influence of laws on the daily life of the nobles, their dependence on power and complete submission. The main idea of ​​the work is that, in fact, in the novel, all laws are replaced by the law of power, wealth and nobility.

The plot of the novel develops very dynamically, uniting two conflicts that are different in nature. The first conflict, the main events of which take place in the first volume, is intra-class, with a bright social coloring. Neighbors, former colleagues and even old friends collide in it. This is a wealthy landowner, retired general-in-chief Kirill Petrovich Troekurov and a petty nobleman, retired lieutenant Andrey Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, who wrote a statement to the court about the impudent remark of the Troekurovsky kennel, who humiliated Dubrovsky's dignity. Here there was a conflict of pride between Dubrovsky and Troekurov, which grew into a property conflict with an emphasis on social inequality, which predetermined the outcome of the lawsuit. Troyekurov was helped by corrupt judges and perjurer neighbors.

The second conflict of the novel is family and domestic. This is a typical everyday situation - marriage by captivity. Masha Troekurova is forced to marry the old Prince Vereisky. The problem of family lawlessness, the question of the right to love, regardless of public views and prejudices, is widely covered. The theme of the struggle of love passion and moral duty is also touched upon.

Central heroes of conflicts

In both conflicts, the main figure is Kirill Petrovich Troekurov, who oppresses both the Dubrovskys and his own daughter. The image of the Russian master becomes the true embodiment of tyranny and arbitrariness. This is a real despot who is indifferent to the opinions of others and other people's desires. He is not his fault, but because of his social position. He is rude, spoiled and voluptuous. It is worth adding to these features the lack of education, and you get a person of "ardent disposition" and "limited mind." The arbitrariness of Troekurov is clearly demonstrated in his treatment of family, guests, teachers of his daughter. The author, however, finds in the hero and several noble traits. For example, he feels remorse, worrying about the property taken from Dubrovsky, and even tries to make peace and return the taken away.

Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky wins over the reader who sympathizes with his sad fate. But the author by no means idealizes his hero, noting the presence of irascibility and stubbornness in his character, as well as susceptibility to momentary emotional swings. And envy is familiar to him, and as a manager he does not shine, because he fails to improve his condition. The main feature of Dubrovsky is noble pride, which does not allow him to accept the patronage of Troekurov. Dubrovsky also turns out to be a kind of despot and excludes the very possibility of the wedding of his son and Masha Troekurova, considering this a favor unworthy of a nobleman. In court, the hero shows carelessness and intransigence, relying on the justice of the judges. His fate is a demonstration of the superiority of lawlessness over honesty.

Vladimir Dubrovsky - righteous feeling or blood feud?

The main character Dubrovsky continues the fate of his father. Judicial arbitrariness and tyranny of Troekurov literally pushed Vladimir out of his native environment into lawlessness. The hero is perceived as a noble robber and an honest avenger, since he does not seek to conquer someone else's, but wants to return what is rightfully his. This is not a domestic Robin Hood, but a man who, by chance, found himself in similar circumstances and cannot do otherwise. The extraordinary fate of Dubrovsky is based on everyday circumstances. The author of the novel "Dubrovsky", who painted artistic portraits of romantic villains in "Eugene Onegin", renounced the heroes with "world sorrow" in his soul and created his own noble robber, expressing an open protest against the state, which takes away his future. The philosopher S.P. Shevyrev noted that the robber Dubrovsky is the fruit of public lawlessness, covered by law.

who is he really?

It was not in vain that Alexander Pushkin noted: Dubrovsky, thanks to the frequent change in appearance and behavior patterns, becomes like other impostor heroes - Otrepyev and Pugachev. In the novel, he appears either as a guards officer, accustomed to a carefree life, or as a loving son, or as an avenger and chieftain of a gang of robbers. He is brave and cold-blooded when he enters Troekurov's house under the guise of teacher Deforge, but is sentimental and indecisive in scenes of romantic dates.

Dubrovsky's description is distinguished by silence and understatement. The reader between the lines can understand what qualities characterize this person. Until the 11th chapter, the true nature of the imperturbable and courageous teacher Desforges is not spoken of. Dubrovsky's existence in a gang of robbers is also shrouded in haze. There are references to the fact that the leader of the gang is famous for his intelligence, courage and generosity. Rumors and rumors of frightened landowners make Dubrovsky the Robber a truly legendary person. The second volume of the novel, despite a large number of omissions, gives more information about the feelings of the robber. He is smart and prudent, and also well aware of all the events in the Troekurov house, especially the appearance of Prince Vereisky and his courtship for Masha. Under the guise of a French teacher, he goes to Troekurov for maintenance. Dubrovsky is an avenger, but he cannot take revenge on Troekurov, because he is in love with Masha and will not raise his hand against her family.

The love passion in the hero turns out to be higher than the thirst for revenge, and Dubrovsky forgives Troekurov.

The main thing in the second volume is the tragedy of the unfulfilled love of the hero, the inaccessibility for him of simple family happiness, to which he strives with all his heart. Just before leaving the Troekurovs' house, he opens up to Masha and confesses his feelings. Masha is confused. She does not respond with mutual recognition, but makes a promise to resort to Dubrovsky's help in case of need.

The main character of the novel - Masha Troekurova and her experiences

Seventeen-year-old Masha Troekurova is beautiful and fresh. She attracts not only Dubrovsky, but also the elderly dandy Prince Vereisky, who is wooing her. Masha is too young to even think about marriage. She is drawn to Dubrovsky, who, under the mask of Deforge, strikes the girl with his courage, and under his real name interests her with his unusualness, but even marriage with him frightens her, because moral norms about a possible marriage with a person of her circle, but not a teacher, are deeply rooted in her or a robber. But marriage with Prince Vereisky horrifies the girl. She begs her father not to destroy her, not to take her life, and to listen to her. Realizing the futility of her requests, she writes a letter to Prince Vereisky, begging him to refuse the wedding, but the letter has the opposite effect, and the wedding is inevitably approaching. Despite her youth, Masha turns out to be a determined girl and in a hopeless situation she finds the strength to turn to the robber Dubrovsky for help. She waits for help until the last moment, but after she swore an oath of eternal allegiance, she realizes that there is no way out, and when Dubrovsky attacks their carriage in the forest, she refuses to leave with him. This shows not only honesty, but also the dedication of the girl, as well as the morality of the robber, who gave her the right to choose and resigned herself to her choice.

Honest robber Dubrovsky

Pushkin's story, despite its incompleteness, attracts with its sincerity and sore problems. The author seems to want to point out that being outside the law does not always speak of natural hardness of heart. But every evil entails inevitable retribution. The appearance of Troekurov's people in the Dubrovsky estate becomes the cause of mass indignation of the peasants and the manifestation of cruelty on their part. And the night fire in Kistenevka, which was organized by Vladimir Dubrovsky, who knew nothing about the locked envoys of Troekurov, became a harbinger of a popular revolt.

Why does the novel not become obsolete?

The novel "Dubrovsky" is Pushkin's story about the causes of mass unrest, spontaneous discontent of the peasants, a full-scale war, which is fully depicted in the subsequent works of the author.

Of those who studied the novel "Dubrovsky", who wrote about the robbers of his gang? One can only assume that these are former workers of Kistenevka, fugitive peasants and soldiers. Only at the end of the novel does it become obvious that the interests of the gang leader and his accomplices do not coincide. There is no comradeship within their group, there is the same lordly-humiliated relationship when servants obey their master. The last chapter of the novel evokes associations with the novel The Captain's Daughter, where the same songs are sung, and the end of the novel evokes thoughts about the continuation of a real people's war. After the idea of ​​a possible family happiness with Masha is lost for the hero, he disbands his gang and hides abroad. In parting, he tells his accomplices that they are unlikely to return to an honest life, but nevertheless, after his departure, the roads become free and the robberies stop. The last thought of the novel is very pessimistic, since the departure of the hero abroad is both his personal defeat and the defeat of the whole country in the struggle for freedom, honor and love.

"Dubrovsky" - is it a story or a novel? How did Pushkin himself define it? and got the best answer

Answer from Natalya[guru]
Dubrovsky A. S. Pushkin is a novel!
In the 30s of the 19th century, Pushkin worked a lot on critical articles in which he carried out the idea of ​​​​rapprochement of Russian literature with reality, with modernity. "Our age is the age of the novel," wrote Belinsky in 1835. Defining the essence of the contemporary novel, Pushkin wrote in 1830: "In our time, by the word" novel "we mean a historical era developed in a fictional narrative." With this formula, Pushkin defined not only the historical, but also the modern novel in general. Pushkin saw an essential feature of the novel of his time in the principle of historicism. In this, the novel 19 in really profoundly differed from the old novel, which just lacked the depiction of life in a consistently historical spirit. Pushkin found another feature of the novel in a comprehensive depiction of the life and character of a person.
Pushkin in "Dubrovsky" does not simply state the fact of the ruin of a nobleman. He comprehends this fact as a link in his concept of Russian history, sees in the private fate of the hero evidence of the revolutionary impact that the process of fragmentation and alienation of estates has on "our ancient nobility". “There is no such terrible element of revolts in Europe either,” the poet wrote two years later (XII, 335). In "Dubrovsky" this idea acquired a constructive meaning. Pushkin's unfinished novel became an experience of an organic fusion of pictures of reality and an extensive historical idea.
Natalia
Enlightened
(25351)
The word "story" has synonyms: story, narration, description, history, tale ... Perhaps Belinsky, saying about "Dubrovsky": "... this whole story ...", meant: "... everything this is a story about Dubrovsky..." or "...the whole story about Dubrovsky...:, which does not mean: the story "Dubrovsky" or the story "Dubrovsky". But the word "tale" after these words of Belinsky to "Dubrovsky" was attached, that's why they began to call "Dubrovsky" a story. Soviet Pushkinists also called "Dubrovsky" a story. In my library there is the 4th volume of A.S. Pushkin's PSS in six volumes, published in 1932 under the editorship of M.A. Tsyavlovsky , P.E. Shchegolev, etc. This 4th volume includes "Eugene Onegin" (ed. B.V. Tomashevsky), STORIES (including "Dubrovsky", edited by Yu.G. Oksman ) and "Journey to Arzrum" (ed. Yu. Tynyanov). And the introductory article to that was written by D. Blagim. I wrote this only to the fact that all these famous Soviet Pushkinists considered "Dubrovsky" a story, perhaps after the words of Belinsky.

Answer from 3 answers[guru]