Preparing for the essay “Evgeny Bazarov – a “new hero” or a tragic figure?” (based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”). Bazarov is a new man

Subject: P Preparation for the essay “Evgeny Bazarov - “ new hero»

or tragic figure? (based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)

Goals:

Developing writing skills.

Formation and development of skills in analyzing a literary work.

Development of literary and creative abilities of students.

Introducing students to literature as an art form.

Formation of a personal approach to the problem.

Development of students' speech.

Equipment:

Workbooks on literature;

Cards for team captains.

During the classes.

1. Motivation for educational activities.

Teacher: The ability to speak and write convincingly, brightly, beautifully is necessary for every person. Writing is an opportunity to express beautifully and emotionally what cannot always be said out loud. The purpose of today's lesson is to identify your attitude to the “eternally living novel” by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” and teach you to think independently, create, compose, setting out on paper examples of student wisdom. So let's begin.

2. Work on a new topic.

“Top Auction” (homework survey).

Teacher: I would like to understand what excited you, what interested you in Turgenev’s novel, what you would like to reflect on in your essay. The topic formulated and presented by you will help to understand this.

Students present and defend essay topics. (Under the guidance of the teacher, students choose the most interesting topics and justify their choice. One of the topics involves working in the image of the main character of the novel, Bazarov, so it becomes the key topic of preparatory work in the class.)

3. Work on an essay on the topic “Evgeny Bazarov – a “new hero” or a tragic figure?”

a) Work on selecting an epigraph for an essay.

b) work in groups.

The class is divided into 4 groups. Work begins on drawing up a plan for the essay. From what is proposed by students, it is necessary to “collect” one, the most complete and acceptable, for example:

Reasons for its appearance in Russian society and literature II half of the 19th century century of the image of the “new” hero.

Is Bazarov a “new” hero or a tragic figure?

“And his whole portrait caused rejection...”

The life program of Bazarov - a nihilist. Weak and strengths his philosophy.

Test of love.

3. "Eternally living image." Pisarev about Bazarov.

4. Work with team captains.

Team captains receive cards - gaps

Dictionary!(in linguistics and literary criticism, lacunae - space, omission, missing place in the text)

Exercise: Words or entire phrases are missing from the proposed text. The volume of the inserted structure is determined by the length of the gap. You can change the text as a whole. Thus, there are several options for introducing an essay. The number of options depends on the quantity creative groups. Then the team captains present entry options, and the “rivals” adjust them. Each student writes down the introduction options they like in their workbooks. For example.

Bazarov as tragic hero(based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")

The hero of the era of the 60s of the 19th century was a democrat commoner, a staunch opponent of the noble-serf system, a materialist, a person who went through the school of labor and hardship, independently thinking and independent. This is Evgeny Bazarov. The writer is very serious in assessing his hero. He presented the fate and character of Bazarov in truly dramatic tones. Turgenev understood that the fate of his hero could not have turned out differently.

I think Evgeny Bazarov is the most romantic of all literary heroes. His personal tragedy lies within himself, since a person cannot exist while in constant conflict with himself. Throughout the novel, he argues with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov on a variety of topics. But no matter what they talk about - whether about art or about Slavophilism - for some reason it seems to me that he is arguing not with Kirsanov, but with himself. It’s as if he’s trying hard to eradicate from himself some character traits that make him resemble those very aristocrats “against whom he rebels.”

There are, however, features that distinguish him favorably from the Kirsanov family and the like. Bazarov is a hard worker, and he counts his work a necessary condition to gain independence, which he values above all else. He does not recognize authorities and subjects everything to the strict judgment of his own thoughts.

However, many of his statements sound wild, I mean his thoughts about poetry, art, nature and love. He declares: “A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.” Raphael, from his point of view, “is not worth a penny.” He is not inclined to admire the beauty of nature: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” What does he say about love? “Still, I will say that the man who put his whole life on the line female love and when this card was killed for him, he became limp and sank to the point that he was incapable of anything, this kind of person is not a man, not a male.” Equally surprising is his other statement: “And what is this mysterious relationship between a man and a woman? We physiologists know what this relationship is. Study the anatomy of the eye: where does that mysterious look come from, as you say? This is all romanticism, nonsense, rot, art." He puts the words "romanticism" and "rot" on the same level, for him it is as if they are synonyms. Kindest soul a person, subtle and sensitive, wants to appear cynical and insensitive at all costs. Meanwhile, Fenechka’s six-month-old child easily comes into his arms, and Bazarov is not at all surprised: he says that all the children come to him because he knows such a “thing.” It must be said that only exceptional people know such a “thing”, and Bazarov is one of them. He could have been a gentle husband and father, if fate had decided differently. After all, what loving son he was, although he tried to hide this love behind the same carelessness in treatment, behind which he hid all his sincere feelings, for example, affection for Arkady. There was only one feeling he could not cope with. It turned out to be no less an element than the nihilism that distorted his entire life. Love consumed him so much that there was no trace left of his cynicism and calm confidence of a materialist and physiologist. He no longer “dissects the eye,” although he tries to fight his passion - a clear refutation of all his artificial theories. Only a desperate person can confess his love to a woman like Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. romantic. Knowing the character of this lady, understanding that peace is more important to her strong feelings, he still opens his heart to her. He receives a refusal, and this grief, as well as love, remains with him until his last breath.

Before his death, he wants to say goodbye to his beloved woman, and his farewell words are filled with such tenderness and sadness that you can’t help but wonder if this is the person who tried with all his might to convince himself and those around him that love does not exist. He asks Odintsova to console her parents: “After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day…”

Turgenev describes the departure of the main character from life in truly tragic tones. Bazarov - rebellious, passionate and strong personality. Even on the edge of the grave, he does not stop for a minute the hard work of his mind and heart. Last words Bazarov are filled with true drama: “Russia needs me... No, apparently I’m not needed. And who needs me?” The tragedy of Bazarov's fate can be explained not only by his personal qualities, but also because he is one of the first, one of those who pave the way for others. Turgenev wrote that this is “a figure doomed to death, but despite his aspirations, she still stands on the threshold of the future.” And I want to believe that someday Russia will need all the people and they will not have to break their souls and minds in order to become useful to it.

Basically, to say: "He - good man", it is impossible. Just like comparing two people. After all, in each of us
There are so many different traits and characteristics, and among them there are necessarily both negative and positive.
Therefore, when assessing any person, it is necessary to consider him from each side separately.

In literature the situation is greatly complicated, because we see everything literary space through the prism
author's perception. Some characters, for example, may have no good traits at all. And on
Every step of the way we have to think: “Isn’t the author biased?” In most cases we
We can resolve this issue for ourselves. But sometimes it is completely unclear to us: whether the hero himself could have done this or
does the author force him to do this? Similar situation partly manifested itself in the novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev
"Fathers and Sons".

The author initially intended to write an instructive work for young people, with whose views he was not
I agree, but “the cool Bazarov captivated Turgenev.” "He (Turgenev) wanted to say: our young generation is following
the wrong road, and said: in our young generation all our hope." He could not draw knowingly
the wrong picture, “could not prove a preconceived idea with his images.”

However, Turgenev, due to his origin, upbringing, views, did not accept the worldview of his hero -
Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov - and therefore various kinds of barbs - remarks appear on the pages of the novel. "WITH
the first time he showed us in Bazarovo his angular manner, pedantic arrogance, callous
rationality." Bazarov speaks defiantly rudely about what many people consider sacred:

"-How? Not only art, poetry... but also... scary to say...

That’s it,” Bazarov repeated with inexpressible calm.”
Calls the most prominent cultural figures completely unnecessary. Very cold
refers to a person who reveres him - Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov. In addition, your
inattention causes a lot of suffering to his parents: Vasily Ivanovich and Arina Vlasyevna Bazarov. And all this
is emphasized by an overly phlegmatic, at first glance, character.

But the strength of Bazarov’s nature also changes the author. During the course of the story, one can notice a change in attitude
the author to his hero. If at the beginning of the work I.S. Turgenev does not like him, then towards the end it is open
sympathizes. Pisarev said: “Looking at his Bazarov, Turgenev, as a person and as an artist, grows in
in his novel, grows before our eyes and grows to a correct understanding, to fair assessment created
kind of."

The reader vaguely repeats the work done by the writer himself. He gradually, not immediately, realizes how
handsome and slender inner world Bazarova. Of course, there are many obstacles to overcome. Most
The information necessary to correctly assess any character can be gleaned from his conversations. Bazarov
speaks very little, and hardly respects anyone enough to be able to understand him from a conversation with him
character is good enough. We have to be content with omissions. Only two characters succeed
force Bazarov to be frank: Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - Arkady's uncle, and Anna Sergeevna Odintsova,
a young widow whom Arkady, Bazarov's friend, met in the city at the governor's ball. And the last one
managed to get to know Bazarov much closer, although only in a conversation with Pavel Petrovich Bazarov reveals his
life positions. After Pavel Petrovich's first meeting with Bazarov, mutual hostility arises between them.

Pavel Petrovich can be called the head (or “pole”) of the “fathers” camp. It contains the majority
prejudices of a dying aristocracy. He does not accept, and probably cannot accept, Bazarov’s concepts.
He notes the strengths of Bazarov’s character, but considers them shortcomings: “We (the old generation) do not have
that daring arrogance,” says Pavel Petrovich, not realizing that for Bazarov selfishness and
arrogance has become almost the only driving forces. Pavel Petrovich - “a bilious and passionate man,
gifted with a flexible mind and strong will", which "could, under certain conditions, appear bright
representative of the binding, chilling force of the past." He has a despotic nature: he tries to subjugate
to himself of everyone around him, and he does this more out of habit than out of cold calculation. That's why he
"he shows off and gets angry, why doesn't Bazarov admire him, the only person he respects in the most
your hatred."

In turn, Bazarov “could be a representative of the destructive, liberating power of the present.” He is in
Unlike Pavel Petrovich, in my opinion, he is not trying to subjugate anyone. He doesn't mind being loved
or respected if it brings benefit or at least does not infringe on his personal interests, because “pots are not for the gods”
burn." In Bazarovo everything revolves around enormous egoism and conceit. It is precisely these qualities of his
Bazarov owes everything to his character. He lives “according to calculation”, based only on his interests and needs. He is not
needs no one, has no high goal ahead, does not strive for anything, and has more than enough strength and energy (in
This is the main argument for proving the tragedy of Bazarov’s nature). He understands that he is not
like everyone else, but does not try to be like others.

Here the personality achieves complete self-liberation, complete
peculiarities and independence."

Of course, between such different ones, but at the same time similar people as Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich
Kirsanov, according to all the laws of dialectics, heated debates should arise. This is what happens: Pavel Petrovich
turns out the only person, who manages to challenge Bazarov to an argument, often against the latter’s will. IN
In these disputes, despite his laconicism, Bazarov tells a lot. He himself reveals to Pavel
Petrovich his views and principles. DI. Pisarev expressed his thoughts during the main argument in the following words:
“I can’t act now, I won’t even try; I despise everything that surrounds me, and I won’t hide
this contempt. I will go into the fight against evil when I feel strong. Until then I will live on my own
yourself, how to live without putting up with the prevailing evil and without giving it any power over you. I am a stranger among
existing order things, and I don't care about him. I am engaged in the grain craft, I think what I want,
and I express - what can be expressed." This is the essence of Bazarov (this is another argument that
proves that Bazarov is a tragic personality: “he is a stranger among the existing order of things”).

Completely different traits of Bazarov are manifested in his attitude towards Odintsova. These traits show how he can
feel. Bazarov turns out to be the most loving hero of the novel. Only in him did we see real passion.
All his denial, all his conclusions faded into the background as passion began to boil within him. He got angry and
He realized that he was doing something stupid, and yet he continued to do it.”
And he doesn’t resist - he does
"deliberate stupidity" The turning point in his relationship with Anna Sergeevna his explanation turns out to be
love. Anna Sergeevna is a very cold and calculating woman, she is afraid of this turbulent stream feelings and decides
“that calm is still the best thing.” His passion is gradually fading, but its manifestations continue to bother him for a long time
Bazarova: either “work fever” came over him, then she “jumped off”, “strange fatigue
was noticeable in all his actions." Perhaps later he would be able to re-realize everything that happened to him
happened, “would get down to business, would curse in the most energetic way the damned romanticism and the unapproachable
the lady who led him by the nose." But Turgenev unexpectedly leads him to death.

Page 1 ]

Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" was created in the 60s years XIX century. This time is reflected in the novel. How this happened in public life that era, the novel develops a conflict between the heterogeneous and liberal noble ideology. The commoners-democrats were the youth of that time, who were not supposed to replace the older generation of nobles. They carried within themselves the beginnings revolutionary ideology. No wonder Turgenev said this about his hero: “...and if he is called a nihilist, then it should be read: revolutionary.” Bazarov is a typical representative of youth who defends the position of common democrats. All those issues around which disagreements arose between liberals and democrats - attitudes towards reform, issues of science, art, philosophy, history - were the subject of heated debate in the novel. Turgenev sought to show not only the struggle between the main directions of social thought of the 60s, but also characteristics her expressions.

The image of Bazarov is most fully revealed through the relationship of this man with other heroes of the novel. The action of the novel takes place on the Kirsanov family estate. It is here that his student Arkady Kirsanov brings Bazarov to stay. Kirsanov's father and uncle are aristocrats who defend liberal views. From the very first lines we see that conflict is inevitable. Particularly fierce disputes arise between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. In these disputes, two different positions, two points of view collide: Bazarov and Kirsanova. Bazarov considers himself a nihilist, his main idea: “In these times, denial is the most useful thing - we deny in order to somehow establish order in society.” But Bazarov, like other common democrats, does not have any specific positive, creative program. We need an answer to the question of what will be built on the ruins of the old world. Bazarov has no definite plans for this, and therefore fate itself deprives him of his future.

This is the tragedy of the hero. In disputes about the Russian people, the truth is, of course, on Bazarov’s side. Bazarov speaks on equal terms with the peasants, his speech is close to the people's. There is every reason to think that the hero understands the people well and is familiar with their needs. And people themselves are also drawn to Bazarov. Dunyasha, Peter, Fenechka - they all took Evgeniy for their man. This impression is strengthened by the fact that Bazarov is not an idle reveler who just came to stay. He works on the estate: he conducts experiments, studies natural science, and even brought a microscope with him. His behavior, speech, manner of speaking, clothing - all this sets him apart from hereditary aristocrats like the Kirsanovs.

There are many contradictions in Bazarov's views and reasoning. He believes that reading Pushkin is harmful and that it is “no good”, “it’s time to quit this nonsense”, that playing the cello is “ridiculous” for a man, that “a decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.”

But Bazarov is a more complex and contradictory personality than can be deduced only from his views and disputes. At first glance, Bazarov is devoid of any feelings, he has a sober, cold view of things. He adheres to materialistic views, unlike the idealist Kirsanov. Bazarov also denies admiration for the beauty of nature: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” But Bazarov himself admired nature more than once. The contradiction in Bazarov can also be seen in his views on art. He recommended “not to speak beautifully” and said to Raphael that he was “not worth a penny.” And before his death, the same person will say: “Blow on the dying lamp and let it go out.” True Bazarov most likely the second one. And his “nihilism” and denial of everything beautiful is nothing more than a mask. I do not undertake to challenge his views and refute them, but I will note that this man is at the same time capable of deeply feeling nature, understanding poetry and love. Despite his words: “We, physiologists, know what kind of relationship this is” (referring to Bazarov’s views on the relationship between a man and a woman) and “only freaks think freely between women,” Bazarov is capable of sincere feelings. He deeply loves Odintsova and thereby crosses out his rude words. The writer portrayed Odintsova as an extraordinary woman, intelligent, inquisitive, outwardly attractive, even beautiful, with aristocratic manners. Such a woman turned out to be able to captivate the “nihilist.” Bazarov deeply worries about Anna Sergeevna’s refusal. He no longer has the optimism and confidence that he was so proud of. The loss of his beloved woman made him understand a lot and look at the world with different eyes. He tells Arkady that the human personality now seems to him like something insignificant in infinite space and time. Bazarov has changed, even his deeply loving parents can see this, but cannot understand the reason. At this time, he accepts Pavel Petrovich’s ridiculous challenge to a duel, but this does not save him from mental trauma.

In the novel, Bazarov is lonely, and this is another tragedy of his. He has students, or it would be more correct to say, he did. Arkady was carried away by his views, only paying tribute to his youth. As a result, he remained faithful to the aristocratic views instilled in him since childhood. At the end of the novel, he marries and begins to run the household in a new way. Sitnikov and Kukshina are more a parody of democrats than real democrats. Only parents love their son for who he is.

At the end of the novel, Bazarov dies. This ending was inevitable. Before his death, Bazarov rethinks his life and finds that he is an unnecessary person for Russia.

For many years there were debates about Turgenev's attitude towards his hero. They continue in our time. Turgenev believed that every writer should do everything possible to ensure that readers fall in love with his hero. In my opinion, he solved the problem formulated in this way. For many, Bazarov is one of the favorite literary characters.

Bazarov as a tragic hero (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)

I consider Evgeny Bazarov the most romantic of all literary heroes. His personal tragedy lies within himself, since a person cannot exist while in constant conflict with himself. Throughout the novel, he argues with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov on a variety of topics. But no matter what they talk about - whether about art or about Slavophilism - for some reason it seems to me that he is arguing not with Kirsanov, but with himself. It’s as if he’s trying hard to eradicate from himself some character traits that make him resemble those very aristocrats “against whom he rebels.”

There are, however, features that distinguish him favorably from the Kirsanov family and the like. Bazarov is a hard worker, and he considers work a necessary condition for gaining independence, which he values above all else. He does not recognize authorities and subjects everything to the strict judgment of his own thoughts.

However, many of his statements sound wild, I mean his thoughts about poetry, art, nature and love. He declares: “A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.” Raphael, from his point of view, “is not worth a penny.” He is not inclined to admire the beauty of nature: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” What does he say about love? “Still, I will say that a man who put his whole life on the card of female love and when this card was killed for him, became limp and sank to the point that he was not capable of anything, such a person is not a man, not a male.” His other statement is equally surprising: “And what is this mysterious relationship between a man and a woman? We physiologists know what this relationship is. Study the anatomy of the eye: where does that mysterious look come from, as you say? This is all romanticism, nonsense, rot, art.” He puts the words “romanticism” and “rotten” on the same level; for him they are like synonyms. A person with the kindest soul, subtle and sensitive, wants at all costs to appear cynical and insensitive. Meanwhile, Fenechka’s six-month-old child easily comes into his arms, and Bazarov is not at all surprised: he says that all the children come to him because he knows such a “thing.” It must be said that only exceptional people know such a “thing”, and Bazarov is one of them. He could have been a gentle husband and father, if fate had decided differently. After all, what a loving son he was, although he tried to hide his love behind the same carelessness in his treatment, behind which he hid all his sincere feelings, for example, affection for Arkady. There was only one feeling he could not cope with. It turned out to be no less an element than the nihilism that distorted his entire life. Love consumed him so much that there was no trace left of his cynicism and calm confidence of a materialist and physiologist. He no longer “dissects the eye,” although he tries to fight his passion - a clear refutation of all his artificial theories. Only a desperate person can confess his love to a woman like Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. romantic. Knowing the character of this lady, realizing that for her calmness is more important than strong feelings, he still opens his heart to her. He receives a refusal, and this grief, as well as love, remains with him until his last breath.

Turgenev describes the departure of the main character from life in truly tragic tones. Bazarov is a rebellious, passionate and strong personality. Even on the edge of the grave, he does not stop for a minute the hard work of his mind and heart. Bazarov’s last words are filled with true drama: “Russia needs me... No, apparently I don’t. And who is needed? The tragic fate of Bazarov can be explained not only by his personal qualities, but also by the fact that he is one of the first, one of those who pave the way for others. Turgenev wrote that this is “a figure doomed to death, but despite his aspirations, she still stands on the threshold of the future.” And I want to believe that someday Russia will need all the people and they will not have to break their souls and minds in order to become useful to it.