The problem of perception of the nature of the native land. The problem of perception of nature

"The Martian Chronicles". R. Bradbury

The rosy ideas of many readers about the hospitality of alien planets are completely crossed out by the American science fiction writer Ray Bradbury with his vision of the problem. The author persistently warns that the elusive inhabitants of other worlds do not burn with a special desire to meet uninvited guests on their territory. For those who nevertheless decide to cross this border at all costs, the writer recommends getting ready for a series of disappointments, since they will have to face a completely different world that lives according to laws we do not understand.

"King fish". V. Astafiev

In this work, the famous Russian writer introduces us to his attitude to the eternal moral and philosophical question of the relationship between man and the animate world around him. It recalls the great responsibility that is entrusted to us by nature itself, and encourages us to strive with all our might to build the harmony of our inner world with the harmony of the world that exists next to us.

"All Summer in One Day" R. Bradbury

Distant and mysterious Venus. The author immerses us in his ideas about the possible conditions for the existence of the first settlers from our planet in this alien and completely incomprehensible world. We are talking about children who attend a Venusian school. All of them are of the same age, and live with the only expectation of the appearance of the long-awaited sun in the sky of Venus. The luminary appears here only once every seven years, and children of nine years of age do not remember at all what it looks like. The only exception is the only girl named Margo, who arrived on the planet later than the others and has not yet forgotten what the Sun is and how it looks from the Earth. A tense and difficult relationship develops between her and the other guys. They just don't understand each other. But time is passing, and the day of the appearance of the Sun is approaching. It will please the inhabitants of the rainy planet with its presence for an hour, and then again disappear for a long seven years, so for the young inhabitants of Venus, this day is an event that cannot be compared with anything in its solemnity and significance.

"A little prince". Antoine de Saint-Exupery

The allegorical story of the French pilot Antoine de Saint-Exupery introduces us to a very touching character. This is a boy who is engaged in a very serious and responsible business - he visits various planets, and thus learns the world around him. He generously shares his conclusions with the reader and reveals to us his childhood vision and attitude to everything he has to face. The young traveler unobtrusively reminds people that it is they who are responsible for the life of everything that surrounds them - “We are responsible for those we have tamed”, and caring for the planet on which we live is an unconditional and daily duty of every person.

"Grandfather Mazai and hares." N. Nekrasov

The small village described by the famous poet is located in the wilderness of the Kostroma province. Every year, spring floods turn this wonderful place into the "Russian Venice" - a third of the entire territory is under water, and the forest dwellers rush about in horror in search of saving islands of land. The protagonist of this work, Grandfather Mazay, sailing on his boat through a flooded forest, saw hares huddled together and trembling with fear and cold. The defenseless animals, apparently, did not expect that their plight would attract anyone's attention, but when the old hunter began to transfer them to the boat in order to release them in a safer place, they accepted help from a stranger, though with mistrust and apprehension. This story reminds each of us that it is impossible to indifferently observe the plight of our smaller brothers, and, if possible, provide all possible assistance to those who are in dire need of it.

"Plaha". Ch. Aitmatov

The novel by the famous Kyrgyz writer is a warning addressed to each of us. The ordeals and the tragic fate of the protagonist of this work, Obadiah, reveal to the reader that huge layer of unresolved moral issues that have changed our attitude to life and others beyond recognition. The novel highlights the contradictions of characters who feel responsible for everything, and those for whom conscience and morality have become an unnecessary burden. In parallel with the development of the main plot, the author unobtrusively immerses us in the life of an ordinary wolf family. Apparently, such a technique was chosen by him not by chance - the natural and, in essence, sinless life of predators is opposed to the dirt that is full of relationships between people.

"The Man Who Planted Trees" J. Giono

This story is about a Man with a capital letter. He devoted his whole life to turning a lifeless desert into a blooming oasis. With his daily work for many years, he inspired hope in the hearts of people living near him. Thousands of trees planted by the protagonist brought happiness to tens of thousands of those around them, who seemed to have lost their last hope of surviving in this cruel world.

"About all creatures, big and small." J. Harriot

With light humor and great love, the author, who by his main profession was a veterinarian and treated animals, introduces us to pets that we meet daily, but we know absolutely nothing about them, not about their attitude towards us.

"Three Tickets to Adventure". J. Durrell

The story of the famous traveler, naturalist and owner of the rare gift of the excellent storyteller J. Durrell introduces us to the unique nature of South America and immerses readers in the world of their impressions from the expedition to this continent. The literary heritage of this researcher has provided an opportunity for millions of people of different ages to perceive the world that surrounds them in a completely different way and feel involved in its problems and joys. The author in a fascinating and light manner talks about the life of rare animals - about the boxing fights of porcupines, the daily pastime of sloths, about the process of the birth of unique reptiles and amphibians, and about a host of other interesting things of an educational nature. You will get acquainted with the hard and dangerous work of rescuers of wild animals and significantly expand your knowledge about the world that exists in close proximity to a person, but lives according to laws that are understandable only to him.

"Don't shoot white swans." B. Vasiliev

The very title of this story contains a call to people to stop and think deeply about their attitude to wildlife and life in general. This is a cry of despair that cannot leave anyone indifferent. The plot of the story grabs the reader from the first minutes and does not let go until the denouement. We empathize with the heroes of this story, delve into the secrets of their worldview and at least temporarily become like them. The author tries to draw that elusive boundary between good and evil, referring to the fate of his characters and their everyday attitude to the world of wildlife.

"Animal Stories". E. Season-Thompson

E. Season-Thompson is one of the few authors who, with his style of narration and deep reflections, immerses his readers in the world of his personal relationship to all living things. He communicates touchingly and with childlike spontaneity with wild and domestic animals, with full confidence that they perfectly understand and perceive every word, and only for quite understandable reasons cannot say anything in response. He speaks to them as to unreasonable children who have only one language of communication available - the language of affection and love.

Arcturus the Hound Dog. Y. Kazakov

Each dog, like a person, has its own individual character and disposition. Arcturus, according to the author, was unique in this respect. The dog showed unusual sublime affection and devotion to his master. It was the true love of an animal for a human. The dog was ready to sacrifice herself for him without any hesitation, but a certain bestial modesty and inner tact did not allow her to fully express her feelings.

There are such deaf and secluded places on our river that when you make your way through tangled forest thickets, filled with nettles, and sit down near the water itself, you will feel as if in a separate world, fenced off from the rest of the earthly space. At the most rough, superficial glance, this world consists of only two parts: greenery and water.

Composition

We know many beautiful lines about nature, we know many magnificent paintings and landscapes - all of them bring us aesthetic pleasure, but not each of us is truly able to see and feel the world around us in all its diversity and in all its beauty. In this text, V.A. Soloukhin raises the problem of perception of the surrounding world.

The author with trepidation describes “deaf and secluded places” close to his heart, but after a moment he draws our attention to the fact that no matter how much he loves to contemplate beautiful landscapes, in fact, we are all “indifferent to everything that surrounds us on earth”. V.A. Soloukhin emphasizes that this is precisely why nature does not evoke any emotions in most people: for them, the world consists of two parts - “of greenery and water”, in rare cases the picture can be filled with something else. But in the world around us, every detail is of great importance! And even the writer himself, no matter how much he loves and appreciates nature, to his own shame, catches himself thinking that he does not know the names of a huge number of flowers, mushrooms, birds - can such an attitude towards nature be called love? The author cites the river of his childhood as an example: “lush heaps of flowers” grew on it, which, unfortunately, evoked in the poet only a sense of absurdity, because even after many years he did not recognize their names - neither from textbooks, nor from others. , more experienced residents, "connoisseurs" of nature.

V.A. Soloukhin believes that, unfortunately, often a person does not perceive the natural world around him as a source of creativity, beauty and vitality.

I fully agree with the author's opinion and also believe that the world around us should be perceived as an integral part of our life, as an inexhaustible source of inspiration and vitality, but, unfortunately, not everyone is capable of such love for nature, because it requires dedication.

The problem of perception of the surrounding world is raised in his story "Winter Oak" by Yu. Nagibin. The main character, Savushkin, due to his age, had an unusual view of nature: the winter forest was for him a separate world, a magical land, a source of inspiration and emotions, and an oak tree was a living being, the same as all people. The boy's teacher, Anna Vasilievna, has a completely different vision, she not only does not consider the oak a living being, she is trying to prove to Savushkin that he is wrong and misperceives the world around him - however, once in the winter forest, the teacher took her words back. Finding herself in this fairy tale, in the incredibly beautiful winter forest, Anna Vasilievna gained a different vision, realized her mistake and became one step closer to a true, childishly pure and sincere perception of nature.

The heroine of the epic novel L.N. Tolstov "War and Peace". The girl was able to notice the beauty in all the details of the landscape, be inspired by them and absorb confidence, aspiration and purity. Nature helped Natasha to maintain faith in her dream, and the heroine herself, thanks to her spiritual wealth, was able to thank the world around her with her incredible emotional return, unity and sincerity.

Thus, we can conclude that each of us loves and appreciates nature in our own way. To perceive the world around us correctly means to see it in all colors, in all details and treat them with awe and respect.

Arguments for an essay in the Russian language.

Nature. Part 2.

The problem of attitude to nature, animals, struggle with the natural world, interference in the natural world, the beauty of nature, the influence of nature on a person's character.

Nature is a source of inspiration for a person, immerses him in childhood, makes him think about life. In the novel “The Hero of Our Time M.Yu. Lermontov characterizes the influence of nature on man in this way: “Moving away from the conditions of society and approaching nature, we involuntarily become children: everything acquired falls away from the soul, and it becomes again the way it was once and will be true someday again.”

How should nature be treated?

A.I. Kuprin "Olesya"

In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the behavior of the main character is an excellent example of how to relate to the natural world. The girl felt that the forest was alive, and therefore looked after it and protected every forest dweller from harmful human influence. Olesya understood that not all people are able to feel and empathize with every blade of grass, every tree, and therefore did everything in her power to help the forest, for which she was awarded the gift of foresight and healing.

How does man influence nature?

Ray Bradbury "The Martian Chronicles"

People often have a consumerist attitude towards nature: they cut down forests, drain rivers and lakes, exterminate entire species of animals, without compensating for the consequences of their actions.
Ray Bradbury's novel The Martian Chronicles describes in detail the impact of man on the natural world. Having polluted their planet, turning it into huge megacities, people began to explore distant Mars, already inhabited by inhabitants. Martians in this respect are very different from earthlings: they are closely connected with the nature of their planet. Half of their houses consist of living natural formations, they themselves actively use the gifts of their nature in everyday life. Their peaceful existence was violated by the inhabitants of the planet Earth. Having started the settlement of Mars, people not only destroyed all the Martians, but also began to exterminate the Martian culture, imposing their own rules on the new world.

Why should we take care of nature?

HG Wells "War of the Worlds"

Nature is the home of man. All living things that exist on planet Earth are interconnected. The famous English writer Herbert Wells in his novel "The War of the Worlds" showed nature as the savior of mankind. After the start of the war with aliens, people were on the verge of extinction: aliens destroyed earthlings, transformed the earth's surface, destroyed a huge number of cities. People could not resist such an enemy with their weapons, and then bacteria and microbes came to their aid, exterminating the aliens. The planet itself did not allow the invaders to destroy human civilization. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the world of nature with care, because if nature does not disappear, man himself will disappear.

What is the role of nature in Russian culture?

For Russians, nature has always been freedom, will, freedom. Listen to the language: take a walk in the wild, go free. Will is the absence of worries about tomorrow, it is carelessness, blissful immersion in the present.

Remember Koltsov:

Oh you, my steppe,
The steppe is free,
You are wide, steppe,
Spread out
To the Black Sea
Moved up!

Wide space has always owned the hearts of Russians. It resulted in concepts and representations that are not found in other languages. What is the difference between will and freedom? The fact that free will is freedom, connected with space, with nothing obstructed by space. And the concept of melancholy, on the contrary, is connected with the concept of crowding, depriving a person of space. To oppress a person is to deprive him of space in the literal and figurative sense of the word.

And nature needed a big man, open, with a huge outlook. Therefore, the field is so loved in the folk song. Will is large spaces where you can walk and walk, wander, swim along the flow of large rivers and for long distances, breathe free air, breathe in the wind widely with your chest, feel the sky above your head, be able to move in different directions - as you like.

Russian lyrical lingering song - it also has a longing for space. And it is best sung outside the home, in the wild, in the field.
The bells had to be heard as far as possible. Fast driving is also a desire for space.

But the same special attitude to open space and space is also seen in epics. Mikula Selyaninovich follows the plow from end to end of the field. Volga has to catch up with him for three days on young Bukhara colts.

They heard a plowman in a pure poly,
Plowman-plowman.
They rode all day in pure poly,
The plowman was not run over,
And the next day they drove from morning to evening.
The plowman was not run over,
And on the third day they rode from morning to evening,
Plowman and ran over.

There is also a sense of space in the beginnings of epics describing Russian nature, and in the desires of heroes, Volga, for example:

Volgy wanted a lot of wisdom:
Pike-fish walk Volgy in the blue seas,
Like a falcon, fly Volgy under the clouds,
Wolf and roam in the open fields.
Even the description of the towers built by Nightingale Budimirovich's "choir squad" in the garden near Zabava Putyatichna contains the same delight in the vastness of nature.
Well decorated in towers:
The sun is in the sky - the sun is in the tower;
A month in the sky - a month in the tower;
There are stars in the sky - in the tower of the star;
Dawn in the sky - dawn in the tower
And all the beauty of heaven.

Delight in front of the open spaces is already present in ancient Russian literature - in the Primary Chronicle, in "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", in "The Tale of the Destruction of the Russian Land", in "The Life of Alexander Nevsky", and in almost every work of the most ancient period of the XI-XIII centuries . Everywhere, events either cover vast spaces, as in The Tale of Igor's Campaign, or take place among vast spaces with responses in distant lands, as in The Life of Alexander Nevsky. Since ancient times, Russian culture has considered freedom and space to be the greatest aesthetic and ethical good for man.

The relationship between man and nature. How do humans and nature interact?

Argument from D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful"

Nature has its own culture. Therefore, the relationship between nature and man is the relationship of two cultures, each of which is “social” in its own way, sociable, has its own “rules of conduct”. And their meeting is built on peculiar moral grounds. Both cultures are the fruit of historical development, and the development of human culture has been under the influence of nature for a long time (since the existence of mankind), and the development of nature with its multimillion-year existence is relatively recent and not everywhere under the influence of human culture.

One (the culture of nature) can exist without the other (human) and the other (human) cannot. But still, during many past centuries, there was a balance between nature and man. Equilibrium is everywhere its own and everywhere on some kind of its own, special basis, with its own axis. In the north in Russia there was more "nature", and the farther south and closer to the steppe, the more "man".
The landscape of Russia throughout its heroic space, as it were, pulsates, it either discharges and becomes more natural, then it thickens in villages, graveyards and cities, it becomes more human.
The old Russian city does not oppose nature. He goes to nature through the suburbs. Hundreds of years ago, he clung to the walls of the city with vegetable gardens and gardens, to the rampart and the moat, he clung to the surrounding fields and forests, taking from them a few trees, a few vegetable gardens, a little water in his ponds and wells. And all this is in the ebb and flow of hidden and obvious rhythms - beds, streets, houses, logs, blocks of pavements and bridges.

What is characteristic of the Russian landscape?

Argument from D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful"

In Russian landscape painting, there are a lot of works dedicated to the seasons: autumn, spring, winter - the favorite themes of Russian landscape painting throughout the 19th century and later. And most importantly, it does not contain unchanging elements of nature, but most often temporary: early or late autumn, spring waters, melting snow, rain, thunderstorms, the winter sun, peeking out for a moment from behind heavy winter clouds, etc.

In Russian nature, there are no eternal, large objects that do not change at different times of the year, like mountains, evergreen trees. Everything in Russian nature is changeable in color and condition. An eternal masquerade, an eternal celebration of colors and lines, perpetual motion - within a year or a day.

All these changes exist, of course, in other countries, but in Russia they seem to be most noticeable thanks to Russian painting, starting with Venetsianov and Martynov. Russia has a continental climate, and this continental climate creates an especially severe winter and an especially hot summer, a long, iridescent spring with all shades of colors, in which each week brings with it something new, a protracted autumn, in which there is also its very beginning with an unusual transparency of the air, sung by Tyutchev, and a special silence, characteristic only of August, and late autumn, which Pushkin loved so much.

But in Russia, unlike the south, especially somewhere on the shores of the White Sea or White Lake, there are unusually long evenings with the setting sun, which creates play of colors in the wild, changing literally in five-minute intervals, a whole “ballet of colors”, and wonderful - long-long - sunrises. There are moments (especially in spring) when the sun "plays", as if it was cut by an experienced cutter. White nights and "black", dark days in December create not only a diverse range of colors, but also an extremely rich emotional palette. And Russian poetry responds to all this diversity.

A characteristic feature of the Russian landscape is already in Venetsianov. It is also present in Vasiliev's early spring. She majorly affected the work of Levitan. This inconstancy and fluctuation of time is a feature, as it were, connecting the people of Russia with its landscapes.
National traits cannot be exaggerated, made exceptional. National features are only some accents, and not qualities that others lack. National features bring people together, interest people of other nationalities, and do not remove people from the national environment of other peoples, do not close peoples in themselves. Nations are not walled communities, but harmoniously coordinated associations.

Therefore, if I am talking about what is characteristic of the Russian landscape or Russian poetry, then these same properties, but, however, to some other extent, are characteristic of other countries and peoples. The national traits of a people do not exist in themselves and for themselves, but also for others. They are clarified only when viewed from the outside and in comparison, therefore, they should be understandable for other peoples, they should exist in some other arrangement among others.

Category: Arguments for writing the exam

V. Soloukhin - collection "Grass: Etudes about nature." In this collection, V. Soloukhin reveals to us the whole diverse world of nature. Why do flowers need fragrance? Why do cuckoos lay their eggs in other people's nests? Why is wormwood so popular? The author reflects on all this. The perception of nature, according to V. Soloukhin, is incompatible with vanity, haste. Comprehension of the secrets of nature requires a certain detachment, calmness, spiritual harmony from a person.
K.G. Paustovsky - collection "Meshcherskaya Side". The author tells us about his first acquaintance with this region; about natural signs associated with the color of the sky, dew, fogs; about local swamps - "mshars"; about the channels once made by people; about the adventures of an unlucky old fisherman. At first glance, Meshchera is a "quiet and unwise land." But its charm is revealed gradually, in the same way love for this land is born in our soul. Nature requires from a person spiritual sensitivity, attentiveness, respect.
K.G. Paustovsky - the story "Ilyinsky pool" (See “What feelings does the beauty of Russian nature awaken in our soul?”)

The problem of perception of the beauty of nature. Composition of the exam

In his text, Yuri Olesha raises the actual problem of human perception of the beauty of nature G.

Inviting us to reflect, the author shows us that each person perceives the beauty of nature in his own way. Reading the text, we notice that the most beautiful thing for the narrator is G a pine tree that was set back a little, and he thought it was magnificent at its height. The pine was lit by the sunset that betrayed Oh G its trunk was a beautiful blush, and its needles were deep green. He remembered this tree for the rest of his life. Thus we see that the beautiful can find G next to us, but we may not notice this beauty.
Reading the text further, we see that the narrator speaks with admiration of the Sun. He says that human life cannot do without the participation of the Sun, both real and metaphorical. Wherever a person goes, so that he does not ABOUT did P The sun will always be near him and delight with his rays. So we can say that the nature around us is full of the beauty of the whole world around us. R

A careful reading of the text by Yuri Olesha helps me understand the main idea of the author. According to him, the nature around us P beautiful and unique, a person only needs to see this beauty of nature, but still not every person is able to see its beauty. R

It is difficult to disagree with this, because the beauty of nature G, surrounding us, awakens a feeling of joy, happiness, it gives rise to life, its beauty fills the human soul with delight and fascinates.

In conclusion, I would like to say that nature plays an important role in human life. The perception of nature depends on the attitude of man towards it. After all, one who truly appreciates nature will perceive everything around with admiration. And therefore, the beauty of nature must be noticed, appreciated and respected by everything that surrounds us. P and only then can we realize that humanity is very closely connected ABOUT with nature and needs it.

K10

K11

K12

Total

(L) 2

(ABOUT) 1

(P) 1

(G) 0

(R) 1

(F) 1

R- speech error.
G- grammar mistake.
P- punctuation error.
ABOUT- spelling mistake
L- logical error

Text by Y. Olesha

(1) There is nothing more beautiful than wild rose bushes! (2) Do you remember them, dear reader? (3) My question is not too impolite; for it is true that many and many pass by many marvelous things standing or moving along the way. (4) Past trees, bushes, birds, children's faces, seeing us off somewhere on the threshold of the gate ... (5) A red narrow bird spins in all directions on a branch - do we see it? (6) The duck falls head first into the water - do we notice how humorous and charming this movement is, do we laugh, do we look back to see what is happening with the duck?

(7) She's gone! (8) Where is she? (9) She swims under the water... (10) Wait, she will come up now! (11) She emerged, throwing away such a handful of sparkling drops with a movement of her head that it is even difficult to find a metaphor for them. (12) Having surfaced, she makes movements with her head to shake off the water, and it seems as if she wipes herself after bathing with the whole sky!

(13) How rarely do we pay attention to the world! (14) So I allow myself, therefore, to remind the reader how beautiful the wild rose is. (15) On that day, he seemed to me especially handsome. (16) Maybe because I haven't met him on my way for several years.

(17) What is really the most beautiful thing that I have seen on earth?

(18) Somehow I wanted to answer this question, that the most beautiful thing is trees. (19) Maybe these are really trees? (20) Some of them are really beautiful. (21) I remember a pine tree on some hill that swept past me in the car window. (22) She was slightly tilted back, which was magnificent at her height, was illuminated by the sunset - and not all of it, but only at its top, where the trunk became rosy from the sunset, and the needles were deep green ... (23) This trunk left obliquely, as the stairs go, into the sky. (24) This needles - a crown - darkened in blue and, as it were, walked there, forming a circle. (25) I remembered this tree for the rest of my life, which, in all likelihood, still stands on the same hill, still leaning back ...

(26) I often walk alone, and yet my connection with a certain station is not broken. (27) Obviously, at every step I take since I appeared in the world, I am in charge of the external environment, obviously the sun, which moves me, and is my eternal charging station.

(28) What is this - the sun? (29) There was nothing in my human life that would have done without the participation of the sun, both real and metaphorical. (30) Whatever I do, wherever I go, whether in a dream, awake, young, old - I was always at the tip of the beam.

(According to Yu. Olesha)