Chichikov enters into an agreement with the smugglers. Prosecutor: "Chichikov's goal is to cause the greatest damage to the state"

Corruption in our state is eternal and, it seems, ineradicable. So, in " dead souls ah "N.V. Gogol is great description Chichikov's career in customs (by the way, the first edition of the first volume of Dead Souls turns 180 this year). Read, maybe you will recognize our modern officials:

... but our hero endured everything, endured strongly, patiently endured, and - finally moved to the customs service.

It must be said that this service has long been a secret subject of his thoughts. He saw what smart foreign gizmos the customs officials got excited about, what porcelain and cambric they sent to gossips, aunts and sisters. More than once, for a long time, he had already said with a sigh: “That would be where to get over: the border is close, and enlightened people, and what thin Dutch shirts you can get!” It must be added that at the same time he was also thinking about a special kind of French soap, which imparted an unusual whiteness to the skin and freshness to the cheeks; what it was called, God knows, but, according to his assumptions, it was certainly on the border.

So, he would have wanted to go to customs for a long time, but the current various benefits from the construction commission were holding back, and he reasoned rightly that the customs, anyway, was still nothing more than a pie in the sky, and the commission was already a titmouse in his hands. Now he decided to get to the customs at all costs, and got there.

He took up his service with unusual zeal. It seemed that fate itself had determined him to be a customs official. Such promptness, perspicacity and perspicacity were not only not seen, but not even heard of. In three or four weeks, he had already gotten so good at customs that he knew absolutely everything: he didn’t even weigh, didn’t measure, but by texture he found out how many arshins of cloth or other matter were in a piece; taking the bundle in his hand, he could suddenly tell how many pounds it contained.

As for the searches, here, as even the comrades themselves expressed it, he simply had a canine instinct: it was impossible not to be amazed, seeing how he had so much patience to feel every button, and all this was carried out with deadly composure, polite to incredible. And at the time when those being searched were furious, lost their temper and felt a malicious impulse to beat up his pleasant appearance with clicks, he, without changing either in face or in polite actions, would say only: “Wouldn’t you like to worry a little and get up?” Or: “Would you like, madam, to go to another room? there the wife of one of our officials will explain to you.” Or: “Let me, here I’ll cut the lining of your overcoat a little with a knife” - and, saying this, he pulled out shawls, scarves, coolly, as if from his own chest.

Even the authorities explained that it was a devil, and not a man: he looked for in wheels, drawbars, horse ears and in God knows what places, wherever it occurred to any author to climb and where only one customs officials were allowed to climb. So the poor traveler, who had crossed the frontier, still could not come to his senses for several minutes, and, wiping the sweat that had come out in a small rash all over his body, only made the sign of the cross and kept saying: “Well, well!” His position was very similar to that of a schoolboy who ran out of a secret room, where the chief called him in order to give some instruction, but instead whipped him in a completely unexpected way.

For a short time there was no life from him for smugglers. This was a thunderstorm and despair of all Polish Jews. His honesty and incorruptibility were irresistible, almost unnatural. He did not even make himself a small capital out of various confiscated goods and selected some gizmos that did not enter the treasury in order to avoid unnecessary correspondence.

Such zealous and disinterested service could not but become the subject of general astonishment and finally reach the attention of the authorities. He received a rank and a promotion, and after that he presented a project to catch all the smugglers, asking only for the means to carry it out himself. The same hour he was given a command and an unlimited right to conduct all sorts of searches. This was just what he wanted.

At that time, a strong society of smugglers was formed in a deliberately correct way; the audacious enterprise promised profits in the millions. He had long had information about him and even refused to bribe those sent, saying dryly: "It's not time yet."

Having received everything at his disposal, at that very moment he let the society know, saying: "Now is the time." The calculation was too correct. Here in one year he could receive what he would not have won in twenty years of the most zealous service. Before, he did not want to enter into any relations with them, because he was nothing more than a mere pawn, therefore, he would have received little; but now ... now it's quite another matter: he could offer any conditions.

To make things go smoothly, he persuaded another official, his comrade, who could not resist the temptation, despite the fact that his hair was gray. The terms were agreed and the society began to act. The action began brilliantly: the reader, no doubt, has heard the so often repeated story about the witty journey of Spanish rams, who, having crossed the border in double sheepskin coats, carried a million Brabant laces under their sheepskin coats. This incident happened exactly when Chichikov served at the customs. If he himself had not participated in this enterprise, no Jews in the world would have been able to carry out such a deed.

After three or four sheep's marches across the border, both officials ended up with four hundred thousand capital each. Chichikov's, they say, even exceeded five hundred, because he was a bit happier. God knows to what a huge figure the blessed sums would not have increased, if some difficult beast had not run across everything ...

In the poem Dead Souls"Gogol touches on Chichikov's career only at the end of the work. At the beginning, Chichikov appears before readers as some enigmatic personality, whose origin is unknown. Considering that Chichikov - main character poem, there is a danger that readers will treat him as goodie despite the clearly fraudulent nature of its activities. Gogol himself felt this danger, and in the 11th chapter he begins to reduce the image of Chichikov: “It is very doubtful that the hero we have chosen will please the readers. The ladies will not like him, this can be said in the affirmative, because the ladies demand that the hero be decisive perfection, and if there is some spiritual or bodily speck, then trouble!... But a virtuous person is still not taken as a hero... No, it's time to finally harness the scoundrel too. So, let's harness the scoundrel!" Further, the author writes about the origin of the hero and about his career: “Having left the school, he did not even want to rest: he had such a strong desire to quickly get down to business and service. However, despite the commendable certificates, he decided with great difficulty in the state ward." However, in this ward, Chichikov could vegetate until the end of his life, because. "He got an insignificant place, a salary of thirty or forty rubles a year." Some decisive step had to be taken.

"Finally, he sniffed out his (his boss - author's note) home, family life, found out that he had a mature daughter, with a face that also looked like it was threshing peas at night. he came up with the idea of ​​inducing an attack. Sundays, every time he stood opposite her, cleanly dressed, having starched his shirt-front heavily, - and the case was a success: the stern clerk staggered (in the old days - the official in charge of office work in court - author's note) and invited him for tea! And in the office they didn’t have time to look back, how things turned out in such a way that Chichikov moved into his house, became a necessary and necessary person, bought both flour and sugar, treated his daughter like a bride, called the clerk papa and kissed him on the hand; everyone put in the ward that there would be a wedding at the end of February before Lent. The stern assistant even began to fuss with the authorities for him, and after a while Chichikov himself sat down as an assistant to one vacant position that had opened up. This seemed to be the the main objective his ties with the old associate, because he immediately sent his chest secretly home and the next day found himself in another apartment. Povytchik ceased to be called papa and no longer kissed his hand, and the matter of the wedding was so hushed up, as if nothing had happened at all. However, every time he met him, he affectionately shook his hand and invited him to tea, so that the old clerk, despite his eternal immobility and callous indifference, shook his head every time and said under his breath: !"

It was the most difficult threshold he had crossed. Since then, things have gotten easier and more successful. He became a prominent person."

I once happened to be a witness to a similar turn in the fate of one person. Let's call him Peter Olegovich. He was a graduate student at the time. The term of graduate school was drawing to a close. This graduate student came from a small town. After graduating from graduate school, he faced a dilemma: to return to his homeland, which he apparently really did not want, or to do something to stay in Moscow. And to stay in Moscow in those days (80s) was very, very difficult. The only legal way is to marry a Muscovite. This path was chosen by our graduate student. Events unfolded rapidly (there was little time left before the defense). At some conference, he met a girl. She was vertically challenged and completely inconspicuous. "But what can you do - love!" - said the staff of the department. A wedding was scheduled two weeks before the defense. After the young people went to Honeymoon. "What is Petya thinking about?!" - his leader was indignant. Those who are familiar with the dissertation defense process know that last month before the defense - the most intense. But Petya drove away with his young wife, and seemed to have forgotten everything. But, thank God, everything worked out. Petya returned, the defense was successful. But what do we hear a month later? Peter is getting divorced! In his own way, he acted nobly. He did not apply for housing. All he needed was a Moscow residence permit. Subsequently, he exchanged his apartment in a provincial town for a Moscow one and moved with his mother to Moscow. He was a very gentle, loving, caring son. Only when his mother died did he get married, this time for real. What was he thinking when he got married for the first time? After all, for his first wife it was a tragedy: to find your love, and then lose it, to understand that she was deceived, she was used to achieve her goals. How did her life turn out? Perhaps Petya thought: “Yes, I will do a bad deed, marry a girl I don’t love, for the sake of my goals. But then, throughout my life, I will behave honestly and atone for my meanness.” Isn't it all very familiar. Raskolnikov adhered to the same philosophy, but he failed as a result. It's a novel, some would say. In life, everything can be different. In life scoundrels live to old age and die in their bed, surrounded by loved ones. Is it so? This story is not over yet, and we will probably have to find out how it will end.

Let us continue, however, the theme of Chichikov’s career: “Everything turned out to be in him that is necessary for this world: both pleasantness in turns and actions, and briskness in business affairs. them in a great way."

"Bread towns" exist in our time. Allow me one more memory. One employee worked in our laboratory. Once she announced that she was leaving, found a job in the authorities (in the city hall or in the council - I don’t remember now). Somehow she opened up and, not at all embarrassed, said that this was a bread place, where you could take bribes. And she said it completely without embarrassment, honestly and openly. Apparently, she thought that this was a matter of course, and others did not take bribes just because they were not given.

Further, Gogol writes: "You need to know that at the same time the strictest persecution of all bribes began; he was not afraid of persecution and turned them at the same time in his favor, thus showing directly Russian ingenuity, which is only during the squeeze." It turns out that there have already been campaigns to prosecute bribes in Russia. What did they end up with? Maybe we overcame this disease a long time ago and have been living in an honest country for a long time? I'm afraid that the reader will say: stop being ironic. Of course that's enough. Everyone knows that a similar campaign is being carried out in our country now, hundreds of officials are imprisoned. How many officials do we have in Russia? Maybe it is necessary to plant not hundreds, but half should be transplanted?

Reading "Dead Souls" gave rise to such memories (even re-reading, because we all studied this poem by Gogol at school). It will soon be 170 years since the creation of this masterpiece, but the problems, heroes, people who were, have remained so. Maybe they are immortal?

Tasks:

• Educational:
  • to form in students an idea of ​​​​the hero of Gogol's work.
• Educational:
  • develop skills holistic analysis artwork;
  • develop the ability to competently build a monologue statement, to master the culture dialogical speech;
  • develop the ability to think independently, analyze the circumstances in which the characters act;
  • to develop the ability to compare textually studied works, their problems and heroes.
• Educational:
  • develop an interest in moral and universal values;
  • to bring students to the need for self-improvement through awareness of the contradictions of their own character.

Lesson methodology: teacher's word, work with reference and literary literature, analytical conversation, textual analysis of individual scenes, commented reading, expressive reading of students, work on individual assignments, work on abstracts, work with draft manuscripts.

DURING THE CLASSES

1 stage of the lesson

teacher's word (against the background of music).

Again, as in the golden years,
Three worn out harnesses fray,
And painted knitting needles
In loose ruts ....

Russia, impoverished Russia,
I have your gray huts,
Your songs are windy for me -
Like the first tears of love!

I can't pity you
And I carefully carry my cross ...
What kind of sorcerer do you want
Give me the rogue beauty!

Let him lure and deceive, -
You won't disappear, you won't die
And only care will cloud
Your beautiful features…

- No, it was not these feelings that overwhelmed the soul of Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov when he drove into the city of N in his spring carriage. What is our hero concerned about, why does he come to an ordinary Russian town and who is he, Pavel Ivanovich: a scoundrel, a dear person, an acquirer? Is he eternal? Does Chichikovshchina threaten us today and with what? We will try to understand these problems today.
- So, on the road for the author and his hero.

2 stage lesson

Frames of the film "Dead Souls" M. Schweitzer.

Teacher. And here is our hero. Watch a fragment of the film and compare with Gogol's narrative. Which episodes of the first chapter did the director omit, and which did he deepen, and why?

Teacher. The first impression of a character is always very important, so let's turn to the first chapter and try to answer the question: who is he, Chichikov? And what methods of depicting the image does the author use.

- Find a description of the portrait of Chichikov, what does the author emphasize in the image of the hero? (The phrase is frankly ironic. The description of the appearance is given as if so that the reader does not get any impression of the visitor. The construction of the sentence goes back to folk patterns: in Russian folk tales we constantly come across expressions like "neither far nor near, neither high nor low."
A grotesque detail: the visitor blew his nose loudly: "it is not known how he did it, but only his nose sounded like a pipe." The visiting gentleman carries himself with emphatic dignity, there is something exaggerated, far-fetched in his behavior).

- Gogol - detail master. This is especially evident in the description of Pavel Ivanovich's luggage. Things help to understand the essence of the hero. What did Chichikov's things tell us? (A spring britzka, “a suitcase of white leather, somewhat worn”, “a mahogany chest, with piecework made of Karelian birch, shoe lasts and a fried chicken wrapped in blue paper”; cap, rainbow scarf - all items hint at something in position habits and character Chichikov. He, apparently, is not very rich, but well-to-do, travels a lot, loves to eat, looks after his appearance. One can even conclude that he used to be richer than now: a suitcase made of white leather and skillfully made chest - expensive things.)

- We will learn even more about Chichikov if we read a little poster story. Find this episode, underline keywords which help to understand the character of Pavel Ivanovich. (It is clear that Chichikov is a businesslike, meticulous man, he is studying the city as a field of a future battle. It was not for nothing that he asked the tavern servant, the watchman, carefully looked around everything, “as if in order to remember the position of the place well.” And one more thing is curious: having read the poster, Chichikov “tidily folded it up and put it in his little chest, where he used to put everything he came across.” A clear allusion to Chichikov’s persistent, second nature acquisitiveness, which would then be more fully revealed with each page.)

- Essential for the characterization of his hero speech. How does speech reveal Chichikov's character? (Author from different parties and on various occasions shows the extraordinary dexterity, decency, diplomatic evasiveness of Chichikov's speech. In conversations with the rulers of the city, “he very skillfully knew how to flatter everyone. Somehow slipped a hint to the governor that you enter his province like in paradise, the roads are velvet everywhere, and that those governments that appoint wise dignitaries are worthy of greater praise. At the same time, Chichikov did not express flattering words directly to the governor: it would have been clumsy work, unworthy of such a fine connoisseur of the rules of conduct. Chichikov does not say, for example, that the governor deserves praise. But those governments "which appoint wise dignitaries...". To the vice-governor and chairman of the chamber, Chichikov omitted compliments more rudely (“he even erroneously said twice your excellency”), but, apparently, he already knew who to approach).

- Tell. What do other heroes think and say about Pavel Ivanovich? (They recognized him as their own person. If the city fathers felt honesty and virtue in Chichikov, they would recoil from him like the plague. No, they see him as a man of his circle, only gifted with talents for prosperity. And when Chichikov, with " noticeable modesty", using "several book phrases", says that he "suffered for the truth", even the word "truth" does not frighten his listeners. They understand that this is just a red word, but it is very cleverly and to the point said.)

Conclusion.

– So, what kind of person did Chichikov appear before us? How is a cunning traveler similar to those with whom he does business? (Chichikov can be no less delicate than Manilov, is able to save more stubbornly than a box, can splurge no worse than Nozdryov, and in the ability to “lie down” he will far surpass this talker; he is tight-fisted and businesslike, like Sobakevich, in frugality do not yield to Plyushkin that times when he was still a wise master, and, of course, in the art of taking bribes he outdid Ivan Antonovich - "jug snout".)

- But there is a trait in Chichikov's character that gives all his properties a new meaning and makes him the first person in the gallery of meanness. Which? (Amazing flexibility, tenacity, adaptability to any circumstances. Miracles of mimicry demonstrates his entire life path.)

- From meetings with the landowners, we learn about the reason for his arrival: buying dead souls listed as alive according to the revision tale. For what? What's wrong here? (Chichikov seeks to cash in on the most terrible thing - on human death. Buying dead souls, this inhuman mercantilism is a frightening act of the Russian bourgeoisie, they exterminate humanity)

- Where does it come from in people? When we ask this question, we turn to the past of people, Chichikov's whole life is presented in the last 11 chapter.

3 stage lesson

Teacher. You were given the task to draw up a detailed plan of Chichikov's biography and prepare a creative retelling of the text in order to understand what kind of person he is, what makes him trade dead souls today.

story according to plan

A) A difficult picture of early childhood.

B) Chichikov in the city school:

• relationships with friends;
• an increment to the half given by the father;
• Chichikov's speculation;
• mouse training;
• attitude towards the teacher;
• “... he dreamed ahead of life in all contentment, with all sorts of prosperity; carriages, a house well arranged, delicious dinners.”

C) Service in the Treasury:

• an unsuccessful attempt to win over a supporter;
• in what way Chichikov got himself a position as an assistant;
• order to take bribes brought by him

D) Chichikov - a member of the construction commission:

• failed construction of a government building;
• beautiful houses that appeared with the members of the commission, including Chichikov;
• the disaster he experienced.

E) Chichikov's service in customs:

• the purpose of entering the customs service;
• Chichikov - a thunderstorm of smugglers;
• the path he took to promotion;
• Chichikov colludes with the smuggling community;
• new disaster.

- What is Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov like here? Scoundrel? He also had patience, extraordinary willpower, prudence. But at the same time fraud, adventurism, crimes. But he himself explains that he did not kill anyone, did not ruin, most of all he cares about the future home, family, kids. What repels us in this hero. (Yes, everything is fine in a bright future. But which way does our hero go. Does the end justify the means? An eternal philosophical question that many generations have yet to solve).

“A scoundrel, well, why a scoundrel, the acquisition is the fault of everything ... Now we don’t have scoundrels, there are well-meaning, pleasant people, and those who would put their physiognomy under a public slap in the face to public disgrace, only two, three man, and even they are now talking about virtue.

- After all, the main task of the author is to make you and I look inside ourselves and ask: “Is there Chichikov in me?” And it is imperative to be reborn, as Gogol believed in the rebirth of his hero (it is no coincidence that Chichikov dreams of a trio bird, and with it faith, hope and the great word - love).

4th stage of the lesson

Reading by heart a passage about Rus'.

Teacher. What lexical and syntactic means created the sublime, solemn intonation of the lyrical digression "Rus".

Stage 5 lesson

The teacher reads against the background of music:

AND the impossible is possible,
The road is long and easy
When it shines in the distance of the road
Instant glance from under the scarf,
When ringing melancholy guarded
The dull song of the coachman.

I had to linger, because the negligent coachman Selifan did not warn in time about the malfunction of the britzka. I had to wait five or six hours for the hastily found blacksmiths to repair it. When the chaise left the city very late, she had to wait out the funeral procession. A prosecutor was carried to the cemetery, the cause of whose death was unwittingly Chichikov himself. Now he drew down the curtains on the windows of the carriage and hid himself until the procession passed by.

Having passed the city barrier, the britzka rolled along high road. After two digressions- about this road and about uncomfortable, but always alluring Rus' - Gogol introduces the reader to the biography, explaining the purpose of buying dead serfs.

Chichikov - the main character of Gogol's "Dead Souls"

Chichikov's father and mother were poor nobles who owned a single serf family. His sick parent did nothing, but only, shuffling, walked around the room and tore his son by the ear. Very young, Chichikov was taken from the village to an old relative in the city and sent to a school there. The father, parting with his son forever, advised him to please teachers and bosses and save a penny, because "this thing is more reliable than anything in the world, you can do everything and break everything in the world with a penny." (See Chichikov's childhood.)

Father's instruction sunk into the boy's soul. Not different outstanding talents, young Chichikov became the most exemplary student in the class in terms of behavior. Thanks to currying favor with teachers, he received an excellent certificate. Already at school, he showed a very inventive money-grubbing: having bought edibles on the market, he sat in the classroom next to those who were richer, and as soon as he noticed that a friend was hungry, he would stick out from under the bench, as if by chance, a corner of a gingerbread or a roll and take it by the hand. him money, according to his appetite.

Leaving the school, Chichikov entered the service in the Treasury. At first, he was paid the lowest salary. But Chichikov managed to flatter himself with his elderly boss, who had an ugly, pockmarked daughter. Chichikov pretended to be ready to marry her. He even moved to the boss's house and began to call him daddy. The boss got him promotion, but immediately after that Chichikov skillfully hushed up the matter of the wedding, as if there had been no talk of it.

The lively and cunning Chichikov began to quickly rise in ranks. Everywhere he mercilessly took bribes, but he did it covertly and deftly: he never accepted money from the petitioner himself, but only through subordinate clerks. Having joined the commission for the construction of one state-owned building, Chichikov managed things in such a way that this structure did not go beyond the foundation, and he and his associates acquired beautiful houses of their own.

The authorities, however, started up and sent a strict military man to them as a new chief. Chichikov involuntarily had to leave his bread place. He spent some time in low positions, but soon got a job in customs. Here he showed unheard-of quickness and truly canine instinct. No smuggler on the western frontier could fool him. Chichikov's talents were noticed here too. For a long time he showed complete incorruptibility. But when, satisfied with his success, his superiors made him the head of a team to fight against one large smuggling society, he entered into an agreement with him and began to facilitate the transportation of illegal goods, earning hundreds of thousands on this.

However, this enterprise of Chichikov was also upset due to the negligence of one assistant. With difficulty avoiding a criminal court, Chichikov lost almost everything he had, lost his place, and only with difficulty got a job as an attorney. Once one of his clients, a bankrupt landowner, decided to mortgage his ruined estate to the state board of trustees. On the security of the peasants, the treasury gave money - two hundred rubles per capita. Chichikov suddenly found out that his client would receive these amounts not only for living serfs, but also for the dead, because before the financial census (audit) conducted every few years, all peasants were formally listed as alive. In the fraudulent mind of Chichikov, the thought flashed: to travel around Russia, buying from the landlords at a cheap price, and where, out of friendship, taking for nothing, dead peasant souls. Then Chichikov hoped to pledge them in bulk, as if alive, to the board of trustees and get a rich jackpot.

"Dismissal from military service" - Important: Administration of Baikonur. The following categories have the right to receive social benefits: Citizens subject to resettlement from the Baikonur complex. Citizens who participated in the elimination of consequences at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the period 1986-1987. federal executive authorities Russian Federation.

"Military service" - On the call for alternative civilian service. Chairman of the relevant education management body. Special duties. Citizens are exempt from conscription for military service: Arrest with detention in a guardhouse for up to 10 days. On exemption from conscription for military service. Deputy Head local government- chairman of the committee.

"Internet Services" - FTP service. The network service defines the data format. Examples: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]. A list of popular irc servers can be found on the Internet. website. Web service. Programs: ProShare (Intel); NetMeeting (Microsoft). Email. Web site example. Internet services.

"Psychological Service" - There are 64 PPMS Centers in Moscow: Basic and specialized packages of psychological services. Two-tier delivery system psychological help. Creation of mechanisms for the examination of psychological tools and updating the registry. The variety of models complicates the coordination and forecasting activities.

"Exhibits of the Armory" - Decorated with gold, turquoise and gems. The Armory is located on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin, at the Borovitsky Gate. Ancient handwritten liturgical books are richly represented. A bit of history. Our tour has come to an end. The throne was brought by the Persian ambassador to Tsar Boris Godunov. Are there similar museums in your country?

"Legal foundations of military service" - The President of the Russian Federation is Supreme Commander Armed Forces. Hostage taking. Legal basis military service. Hague conventions. Department of military-patriotic and civic education CDT "Shield". The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes that the defense of the Fatherland is the duty and obligation of a citizen of the Russian Federation.