Draw without interruption. Solving the problem of how to draw an envelope without lifting your hand

Ordinary things can be made from the same ordinary materials, but still made like this. that they will seem unusual. You can take, for example, anything. For example, leather boots, they contain leather, padding and material for the sole. Nothing else is needed, but they all look different: some are higher, others are lower; some with rough soles, and others with thin soles; after all, they all have different shapes. That is, any thing, no matter what it is, slippers or a car, can have absolutely different interpretations of its own kind, although the materials needed are approximately the same.
So, for example, without delving “into the depths” and into the spare parts of a car, any person who knows absolutely nothing about it internal structure, can determine that externally we see a metal case and glass. But in different cars the metal body is also made differently: in some places it is embossed, in others it is straight, and in others there are such and such places. Glasses have different placements. Somewhere there is more glass, and somewhere less, somewhere they are connected to each other, and somewhere they are separate.
It is precisely these opportunities for the flight of imagination of designers that have become key to creating a variety of cars, and sometimes even very original ones. Thus, the car created by designers Liu Shun, Gao Zhiqiang, and Chen Zhilei is one of those original cars. Its originality lies in the fact that its entire body is made of glass. That is, its appearance is very original, it is difficult to describe it, it is better to admire it in the photo.
Besides being a beauty, the Dolphin (that's the name of the car) is also a sports car. But the fact that this car is a sports car does not at all become an obstacle to placing the whole family in it, since it is very roomy.
Its cover is made of carbon fibers, which are popular as sports car covers due to the fact that they are very light.
Beauty, originality. lightness, spaciousness - what else is needed for an ideal car!?
Transparent phone
The phone market is so full that it would seem there is no room for it to develop! At first, we could only communicate without leaving home, via a wired telephone, which still had to be twisted to dial a number. Nowadays, even home telephones exist with a database, that is, with a telephone directory in which all the numbers you need are recorded. Previously, such a “database” was a phone book, or phone numbers in the brain’s memory. Her need simply disappeared, and, by the way, this is bad, because often phone numbers are stored in the phone’s memory, and not on the SIM card, so if your phone is broken, then it is impossible to restore all contacts. But now we’re not talking about phone books, but about phones themselves.
Those home phones have been replaced by mobile wireless communications, which we all now successfully use. Phones are not the end of wireless communications. Now we can communicate via Skype, and not only hear the voice of the person we are talking to, but also see him on the monitor screen, if, of course, he has a webcam.
The phones themselves were originally simple, black and white, but we still remember them. Nowadays, the telephone is not only a means of communication, it is also a means of entertainment. IN lately They try to make phones as light as possible, so they become not only light in weight, but also visually light.

Everyone knows that the normal external frame of a phone (that is, what we see visually) is a metal, or plastic, case and a screen, which lately is often touch-sensitive. But all these “phone stereotypes” may soon come to an end! This is due to the fact that the Taiwanese company Polytron Technologies is engaged in a project to make a glass phone. The entire phone cannot be completely glass; rather, its base is glass, but the “internals” on which it generally functions, the flash card and SIM card, are not glass.

The idea is certainly interesting, but from a practical point of view, it is unnecessary, since we already have multifunctional gadgets. In addition, those who like to “drop the phone” will not be able to be content with a glass phone for so long.

A smartphone made of metal looks solid and expensive. This was the case before, and it is still the case today, although metal has already moved down from the top segment to the budget segment and, in general, does not add much value to the smartphone.

Pros

1. Looks expensive. If you have a metal smartphone, then you are definitely not a poor person. At least, many will think so.
2. Fashionable. Metal has become the main material of modern industrial design. It's a thing in itself. If the body is made of metal, then no additional elements and the tension of design thought is no longer required. Metal is beautiful as is.
3. Thermal conductivity. The metal is cold. That same feeling when you hold a smartphone and feel how pleasantly it cools your palm. Tactile sensation is also important.

These advantages create a feeling of high cost.

Cons

1. It bends and becomes deformed. Moreover, in order to bend a smartphone, you don’t need to mock it at all - just put it in the back pocket of your jeans and sit down. Thus, many smartphones turn into iPhone 6 Plus. Remember what bendgate is? That's it.
2. Shields. Metal does not transmit radio waves. LTE, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth - all these signals have a hard time getting through the metal case, so you have to make ugly external leads for the antennas. This first became clear under Steve Jobs, when Apple released the iPhone 4 and it had poor network reception. A few years later, Samsung stepped on the same rake by launching the Galaxy A line of all-metal smartphones. The new products received network reception 20% worse than the plastic Samsung Galaxy S5. Also, the all-metal case does not allow for wireless charging.
3. Thermal conductivity. A plus easily turns into a minus. When powerful metal smartphones work in full force, the body can heat up so much that it’s just right to fry eggs on it!

So, there is a paradox: the very material that makes a smartphone premium does not allow premium functions to be implemented in the device. And it bends too!

Plastic

Smartphones made of plastic can be of any color and, in general, of any shape, for example, curved, as the LG G Flex was at one time. Plastic also opens the way to a variety of finishing types. Glossy, matte, leather-like, metal-like - with plastic, designers gain absolute freedom. Despite the fact that plastic is cheaper than other materials, the smartphone itself can be more expensive than metal and even glass competitors.

Pros

1. Price. Plastic smartphones are cheaper to produce.
2. Elasticity. In general, plastic is a very durable material, it is resistant to bending, twisting, and perfectly absorbs impact energy. Sony has used this property to create many smartphones, such as the Sony Xperia Z5. Its body was made of metal, and the corners were plastic. When a smartphone was dropped at an angle, the energy was not transferred to the internal components of the device, but was absorbed by the plastic. Note that complex composite materials, such as fiberglass-reinforced plastic, have even greater strength. Developed for the military industry, it is now used to make smartphones. For example, the new Sony Xperia XZ1 Compact.
3. Does not shield. Plastic conducts radio waves perfectly, regardless of thickness and strength. This is why we see plastic wiring for antennas in metal smartphones.
4. Color. Plastic can be any color, and Nokia took advantage of this when releasing orange, light green and yellow smartphones.

Plastic gives the manufacturer more freedom when creating a design, and the material is interesting enough to be used even in expensive top-end smartphones.

Cons

1. Feels cheap. Many plastic smartphones are perceived as simple crafts, although they can be expensive.
2. Looks cheap. Making a plastic smartphone look expensive and rich is not so easy.
3. Painted. Plastic may change color when in contact with other colored surfaces. For example, a white smartphone, after being in a jeans pocket, can become denim colored.

As a rule, a plastic smartphone is a cheap device in every sense.

Glass

Glass first appeared in the iPhone 4 and Nexus 4, but the real boom began after the release of the Samsung Galaxy S6. Glass smartphones look expensive, are expensive, but are also quite fragile. Glass backs shatter just as well as glass screens. Even with Gorilla Glass 5.

Pros

1. Does not shield. Glass does not interfere with radio waves, therefore, unlike metal smartphones, glass ones do not need any plastic inserts for antennas.
2. Looks amazing. Glass allows you to create beautiful visual effects, for example, a sense of depth, changing the color of the panel depending on the angle of incidence of light, catching light spots and reflecting them in the form of rays.
3. Feels expensive. Like metal smartphones, glass ones pleasantly cool the palm, delight with the smoothness of the surface and awaken the feeling that you are holding a luxury item in your hand.

A glass smartphone is, as a rule, an expensive device with a claim to premium status.

Cons

1. Fragile. No one has yet succeeded in creating indestructible glass, so dropping a glass smartphone is strictly prohibited.
2. Scratched. It doesn’t matter what the manufacturer says, but the glass is covered with scratches once or twice.
3. Slippery. Glass smartphones slip out of your hands like an ice cube.

You need to be extremely careful with a glass smartphone, because it is not only expensive thing, but also very fragile.

So which is better?

Aesthetes will like smartphones made of glass, and it doesn’t matter that they are fragile. Plastic is universal, found in all segments and can be presented both as a budget material and an expensive high-tech composite. But metal is the worst thing that can happen. It is deformed and does not transmit radio waves. However, it is metal smartphones that are especially popular today.

But at the same time, they are also boring. It is quite difficult to build something special out of metal, so it turns out that almost all metal models are similar to each other from the back. Another thing is glass: smartphones with both the front and back parts made of Gorilla Glass or something similar look very fresh and nice. Yes, there are certain questions about the reliability of this material (glass is much easier to damage than metal), but this is the price to pay for that very beauty and unusualness.

The first smartphone with a glass body was released by Apple - we are talking about the iPhone 4 of 2010.

Then there was some lull, and even the Cupertino company itself switched to metal in its next devices, but by 2017, glass models appeared in the lineups of most manufacturers. In this material, we have collected ten worthy smartphones in cases made of transparent material.

(11,990 rubles, glass manufacturer not specified)

The U20 model is an analogue. The main difference between them is precisely in the body material: in the latter case we're talking about about metal, but in the case of Meizu U20 we have glass. The device is quite good for its price: a high-quality Full HD screen with a diagonal of 5.5 inches, a 3260 mAh battery, a fairly fast MediaTek chipset with an 8-core central processor.

Alternatives from the Meizu line: - the essence is the same, but more compact and a little cheaper.

(51,990 rubles, Gorilla Glass 3 and Gorilla Glass 5)

LG used glass for the first time in this model; previously it preferred plastic (G, and), leather () and metal (). It is curious that the front of the smartphone is covered with Gorilla Glass 3, and the back with the more modern Gorilla Glass 5. Well, the most interesting thing is that the G6 complies with the American military standard MIL-STD-810G. This means that the smartphone can be dropped onto a hard surface from a height of a meter, and the case will not shatter into thousands of fragments. It is clear that it is better not to experiment (out of sin), and yet this fact enhances the feeling of reliability.

Alternatives from the LG line: none.

(24,990 rubles, Gorilla Glass 3)

Perhaps one of the best mid-range smartphones today. On the back there is a dual camera with shooting quality similar to that of a flagship, on the front there is an excellent 5.2-inch screen with a resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels. Inside is a quite powerful 8-core Kirin 950 platform. Plus, there is not 3 GB of RAM, as one might expect, but all 4. In general, it’s almost a flagship at a mid-class price. And yes, the blue variant of Honor 8 is better than all the others. Just remember.

Alternatives from the Huawei line: the same, for example. Easier and cheaper. But the third model of this family is not glass, but metal. So you should only look in its direction if the glass case is not important to you.

(54,990 rubles, Gorilla Glass 5)

The most flagship rasflagship to date. It has all the possible and impossible options - we won’t even list them in the most detailed way told in and in, dedicated to the announcement of the “eights”. And yes, don’t be alarmed by the lack of a dual camera on the rear panel: the Galaxy S8 (as well as the Galaxy S7) can blur the background in pictures even with one lens.

Alternatives from the Samsung line: also glass - and quite relevant. Moreover, the cases are also made of this material. And they cost even less than the “sevens”. In general, Samsung has a wagon and a small cart of options.

(47,990 rubles, Gorilla Glass 5)

This device is interesting due to the presence of an additional screen designed to display notifications and service information (HTC obviously picked up the idea from). Otherwise, HTC U Ultra - as well as the LG G6 - can be classified as the flagship of the previous generation: these devices do not use the latest, but a little outdated (although never slow). Well, one more thing: there is a special version of the HTC U Ultra, in which the memory capacity is increased from 64 to 128 GB, and Gorilla Glass 5 is replaced by sapphire glass. This version costs 54,990 rubles in Russia.

Alternatives from the HTC line: model. Yes, it does not have a second screen, and the characteristics are simpler, but it costs significantly less. Offering exactly the same design.

(19,990 rubles, glass manufacturer not specified)

By smartphone standards, this is already an old man (announced in February 2016), but the old man is vigorous. Largely because today the official Xiaomi Mi 5 costs only 19,990 rubles, offering for this money a glass body, a still quite productive platform, a high-quality screen, and a good camera. And in just over a year, Xiaomi Mi 5 was cured of childhood diseases, which are often found in new models from the Chinese company. In general, it’s quite an option.

Alternatives from the Xiaomi line: a new flagship, which is not yet officially sold in Russia, and a huge one, which is coming to us. The latter, however, is not entirely glass - the back panel of the device is ceramic. But the tactile sensations are the same as from glass.

(about $400 on AliExpress, Gorilla Glass without specifying generation)

Despite the name, the model’s screen is not curved, like the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge and Galaxy S7 Edge smartphones, but a regular flat one. The chipset is Snapdragon 821, that is, nothing unusual, but the amount of RAM is pleasing: as much as 6 GB. (However, there is a version with 4 GB, it is a little cheaper.) In general, the device is not without interest, but it is worth remembering that the owner of ZUK - the Lenovo company - only brings us the . But all other ZUK devices, including Edge, are not supplied to Russia.

Alternatives from the ZUK line: the same. But this is all temporary, soon brand ZUK.

(26,990 rubles, DragonTrail)

Pleasant things to note are the AMOLED screen and glasses virtual reality, included in the delivery set. The not-so-pleasant thing is the Snapdragon 652 chipset (it’s rather weak for such a price) and the lack of a fingerprint scanner. Otherwise, we repeat, the device is pleasant and unusual in its own way. Just look at the JBL speakers that come out to both the front and rear. Thanks to this, a) the smartphone is very loud and b) you can talk on it by placing it to your ear, either front or back. And even upside down.

Alternatives from the Alcatel line: Worth a look at. It is both more compact and cheaper.

(from $649, Gorilla Glass 4)

The Google Pixel and Google Pixel XL models have large glass inserts on the back panels, so you can't immediately tell which material is dominant. This is what makes the devices interesting. And in general they are interesting in many ways: direct Android updates from Google, good cameras, for a long time work and all that. There is essentially one minus. More precisely, two: first, they are not officially supplied to Russia, second, they are not that cheap. Much more expensive are the models of the Nexus family, which have gained some popularity primarily due to their low prices.

Alternatives from the Google line: none. The only models in the line.

Bonus: (if only we knew, Gorilla Glass 5)

Sony was one of the pioneers of glass smartphones - just remember the Xperia Z from 2013. However, at a certain point the company returned to plastic and metal. Only the flagship Xperia XZ Premium will be glass, which will go on sale in the summer and it is not clear at what price. However, there will be people willing to buy in any case: the device will be one of the first on the Snapdragon 835 platform and the second with a 4K screen (the first, by the way, is also Sony).

Alternatives from the Sony line: There are no modern ones, but we will allow ourselves not to list the old models.

One of the essential components of our smartphones is glass, which covers the display and protects it from shocks and scratches. There are different types of glass. We will try to tell you whether they differ from each other, and how big the difference is. If there is a difference, then which glass is the safest?

Gorilla Glass

Glass from the company has existed since 2007. In 2012, the second generation of Gorilla Glass appeared. A year later, the third generation appeared. Today, most flagship smartphones use Gorilla Glass 5, introduced in 2016. The sixth generation glass was recently announced.

The glass manufacturing process does not change much from year to year. The glass becomes stronger by being in a bath of molten salt at a temperature of 400 degrees Celsius. Potassium ions create a layer that adds strength to the glass.

Scratch resistance does not change from year to year, but resistance to shocks and falls increases with each generation of Gorilla Glass. According to Corning, last generation their glass can withstand up to 15 drops from a height of one meter. That's twice as many drops as Gorilla Glass 5 can withstand.

Dragontrail

Another popular glass is made by the Japanese manufacturer Asahi. It can be called the second most popular. There are Dragontrail, Dragontrail X and Dragontrail Pro. The latest variety was released in 2016. No new glass from Asahi has been announced yet.

Tempered safety glass

There are glasses that many people stick on top of the main glass of their smartphone. It's hard to be sure that all of these glasses are made to the same standard, but let's hope that most of them are tempered at 600 degrees Celsius. These tempered glasses are the most affordable to manufacture.

Sapphire crystal

The least accessible are sapphire crystals. They are made from artificially grown crystals in a barrel that is exposed to 2200 degrees Celsius. The process takes about 16-17 days. This is why sapphire crystals are so expensive. Sapphire has a hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, while Gorilla Glass can withstand scratches from objects with a hardness of no higher than 5 on the Mohs scale.

Which glass is better

There is practically no difference in scratch resistance between glasses from Corning and Asahi. Sapphire crystal can only be scratched by a diamond, and this is where it wins. Regular tempered glass will lose the battle.

When it comes to flexibility and strength, the situation is different. Sapphire crystal is more likely to crumble than bend. Gorilla Glass is significantly more flexible. This means that the glass can withstand greater pressure. Corning assures that sapphire crystal will not be able to support 73 kilograms above itself, while their solution holds 195 kilograms under it. Dragontrail crystals are catching up with Corning and surpassing sapphire crystals. Tempered protective glass may not even be considered.

And it turns out that you have to choose between greater scratch resistance and greater shock tolerance. Manufacturers today choose lower costs and install glass from Corning and Asahi. Sapphire crystals are not used in all products, and they are not necessarily used to protect the screen, but many consumers would like to have a smartphone whose screen is not scratched. True, smartphone users have found their way out. They buy smartphones with Gorilla Glass and cover it with tempered protective glass.

The modern smartphone has long become something more than a means of communication and communication.

For business people it is a sign of status, for young people it is multimedia entertainment center. Many users want a device that can perform any task, and some people care about appearance. As they say: “You meet people by their clothes...”.

We have selected best smartphones, which received a unique design thanks to the glass coating.

Attention! The selection includes devices released before April 2016. Prices are also April.

Samsung Galaxy S7

The flagship is not only design, but also technical features. First of all, it is worth noting the glass coating on the front and back panels. The manufacturer itself calls it 3D, since a similar rounding of Gorilla Glass 4 has not yet been used.

The flagship is certified to the IP68 standard, so it is not afraid of dust, dirt, rain or submersion, although the latter is in doubt.

The performance indicators of the flagship are very high and can compete with any representatives of the premium class. Smartphones with Snapdragon 820 and Exynos 8890 processors have been released for different markets, the RAM capacity is 4 GB, and the internal memory is available in several versions: 32, 64 and 128 GB.

Price: from 50,000 rubles.

Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge

At the time of presentation, the smartphone was recognized as the best design solution. This effect was provided by glass panels that had a rounded shape. There were also unique colors on display that looked absolutely gorgeous under glass.

The manufacturer did not stop at the ideal design and equipped the device with top-end equipment. The device received an 8-core Exynos 7420 processor and 3 GB of RAM. The amount of internal memory is available in three versions: 32, 64 and 128 GB. The 16 megapixel main camera is equipped with an optical stabilizer, and the battery capacity is 2600 mAh.

Cost: about 45,000 rubles.

Despite some complaints regarding the design, it turned out to be very attractive. All this is the result of a good combination of body materials - metal and glass. The smartphone is covered with the latter on both the front and back sides. At the same time, the screen received smooth tempered glass, and the back panel was covered with curved glass with a 2.5D effect.

The 2016 flagship is the . This reputation was ensured by the Snapdragon 820 processor and 3 GB LPDDR4. Together with the Adreno 530 graphics adapter, the smartphone turns into a coherent system, ready to perform any task. The amount of ROM can be 32 or 64 GB. The 3000 mAh battery supports Quick Charge 3 technology.

Price: about 30,000 rubles.

The gadget is covered with Gorilla Glass 3 on both sides, and there are metal frames on the sides to ensure its safety in case of falls. Appearance ordinary and does not stand out in any way: the presence of a glossy glass surface does not add much charm, and the device is available only in white and black colors.

As for performance, everything is quite simple here too. Small amount of RAM (1GB) and 8-core MediaTek MT6592 processor ensure stable operation and execution standard features. The device has an 8 megapixel main camera and a 2050 mAh battery.

Price: about 13,000 rubles.

A bright representative of the budget class of devices, distinctive feature which the appearance became. The back panel is made entirely of tempered glass and has some special features: it contains the company logo, which is illuminated during charging or unlocking.

The phone is powered by a 4-core processor, 1GB of RAM and 16GB of internal storage. This is quite enough to perform standard daily functions.

Another smartphone from Lenovo, but of a higher class. Essentially, it is a camera phone, the design of which is similar to digital cameras, for example, Sony T100. The body is covered with Corning Gorilla Glass 3 on the front and back sides, the remaining parts are framed with chrome-plated metal.

In terms of performance, the gadget does not lag behind its competitors: the 8-core Snapdragon 615 processor and 3 GB of RAM provide ample opportunities for use in any direction. The built-in memory is available in a volume of 32 GB, the main camera is 16 MP and has a 6-element sensor. The battery is non-removable, 2900 mAh.

He could have remained in oblivion if not for the design features. Firstly, the back panel is completely covered with Corning Gorilla Glass 2. Combined with the color, it looks like there is a deep blue sea under the glass. Secondly, the gadget is recognized as the thinnest device of 2015 - the body thickness is only 4.7 mm.

However technical specifications The device belongs to the budget class. The device received 1 GB of RAM and a 4-core processor. The small dimensions are reflected in the battery, whose capacity is 1800 mAh.

Cost: about 12,000 rubles.

The device body consists of two glass sandwich panels. However, the glossy finish is not the only advantage. The device case is made according to the IP68 standard and allows it to be immersed to a depth of up to two meters for 30 minutes. The side faces are made of aluminum, and all connectors are securely closed with plugs.

System and user tasks are performed by a 4-core Snapdragon 601 processor and 3 GB of RAM. The internal storage has a capacity of 16 GB. A non-removable battery with a capacity of 3100 mAh ensures autonomous operation throughout the day with active use. The resolution of the main camera is 21 megapixels.

Price: about 40,000 rubles.

Many argue that the device is practically no different from its predecessor P6 in terms of design. It's hard to argue, but sometimes it's for the better. Ascend P7 has a very attractive appearance thanks to Gorilla Glass 3 coating on both sides of the body. There is a dot pattern on the back panel which is made using 7-layer glass overlay.

The mid-range smartphone is equipped with a 4-core Kirin 910T processor, which works in tandem with 2 GB of RAM. There is support microSD cards, with which you can expand the standard 16 GB of memory. The battery capacity is 2500 mAh, the main camera sensor has a resolution of 13 megapixels and backlight technology.

Cost: about 20,000 rubles.

OPPO R1

Another masterpiece of design art with a glass back cover. However, it is not just tempered glass that is used, but sapphire glass. In addition, it has a pattern in the shape of the facets of a precious stone and an incredibly beautiful color. purple-blue color. Appearance is the main advantage of a smartphone.