True Russian characters in “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich. All characteristics in alphabetical order

In the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov’s “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” depicts the era of Ivan the Terrible, the times of the oprichnina. One of central characters The poem is Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich. It is he who decides the destinies of people, executes or pardons.

The first chapter of the poem describes the royal feast:

And the king feasts to the glory of God,

For your pleasure and fun.

The image of Ivan the Terrible is vividly characterized: he smiles, pouring best wine guardsmen, he frowns when he sees that his beloved servant Kiribeevich is not cheerful, then he is generous when he learns about the love-sickness of the young guardsman.

On the Moscow River, the best daring fighters gather for a fist fight to “amuse the Tsar’s father,” among them are two serious opponents: the young guardsman Kiribeevich and the daring merchant Kalashnikov. The anger of Ivan the Terrible, who saw the death of his faithful servant, is terrible:

...stomped on the ground

And he frowned his black eyebrows;

He ordered to seize the daring merchant

And bring him before your face.

But Stepan Paramonovich Kalashnikov is not afraid of the tsar’s wrath, since his cause is just: he defends the honor of his family. Ivan Vasilyevich respects the merchant’s decision not to say the reason why he “freely” killed the guardsman Kiribeevich. The royal mercy now extends to the Kalashnikov family:

Your young wife and your orphans

From my treasury I will grant you

I command your brothers from this very day

Throughout the wide Russian kingdom

Trade freely, duty free.

But the merchant himself must die, and here the cruelty of Ivan the Terrible knows no bounds:

And you go yourself, baby,

To a high place on the forehead,

Lay down your wild little head.

I order the ax to be sharpened and sharpened...

Thus, in the poem “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” controversial image Russian Tsar: on the one hand, cheerful and generous, and on the other, cruel and treacherous.

The image of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young oprichnik”

and the daring merchant Kalashnikov"

(Option 2)

The central character of “Song...” M.Yu. Lermontov is Ivan the Terrible. His name comes first in the title, and the first phrase of the work is an appeal to the Tsar: “Oh, you goy, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich!”

In the first part, we are present at a feast at Ivan Vasilyevich, walking “for his pleasure,” smiling, generous. The king is sitting in a golden crown, surrounded by stolniks, boyars, princes, guardsmen. But the king became angry, his eyebrows furrowed, and he hit the floor with his stick so hard that it broke through the floor when he saw that one of his guardsmen was not rejoicing with him. If you don’t rejoice with us, it means you are betraying us and envying us. The king cannot understand why the young man could be dissatisfied.

The versions put forward by the tsar characterize the oprichnik’s lifestyle: the dress has deteriorated, there is not enough money, the saber has become dull, the horse has gone lame, and he lost in a fist fight. That's all the troubles that Kiribeevich could have, from the tsar's point of view. Having learned about the real reason sadness, the king laughs again, gives a yakhont ring and a pearl necklace as a gift to the beloved guardsman. “If you fall in love, celebrate your wedding, // If you don’t fall in love, don’t be angry.”

The second time we see the Tsar is at fist fights on the Moscow River. Again he is surrounded by guardsmen and boyars, a chain, stretched by his order, made of silver and gold. By the will of the king, the hunters call out: “Whoever beats someone, the king will reward him; // And whoever is beaten, God will forgive him!”

In a fair fight, the merchant Kalashnikov kills the guardsman, avenging his wife, realizing that for the death of a faithful servant and best fighter, he will not be awarded, but executed. The Tsar promises not to leave Kalashnikov's wife, children and brothers at his mercy. The king’s mercy towards the executed merchant was expressed in a unique way: “I will order the ax to be sharpened and sharpened, // I will order the executioner to be dressed and dressed, // I will order the big bell to be rung...” The king is formidable, easily succumbs to anger, and easily forgives. He also threatened Kiribeevich with death for disobedience: “When the moon rises, the stars rejoice, // It’s brighter for them to walk in the sky; // And the one that hides in a cloud, // That one falls headlong to the ground...” The Tsar is generous: Kalashnikov’s wife, children and brothers will be provided for. He doesn’t know everything, since neither the guardsman nor the merchant tell him the truth, but he executes without understanding.

In the traditional “glory” at the end of the song there is no name of the tsar; Lermontov deliberately breaks tradition.

Ivan groznyj

SONG ABOUT TSAR IVAN VASILIEVICH, THE YOUNG OPRICHNIKA AND THE DARLING MERCHANT KALASHNIKOV
Poem (1838)

Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible is one of the main characters poems. Depicted in the spirit of folk traditions. The motive of the perverted character of the king as the cause of despotism and tyranny, in accordance with the then historical science, omitted. G.’s “justice” and “cruelty” are recognized as features of the era: when Stepan Kalashnikov admits that he killed Kiribeevich “with his free will,” but refuses to say “for what and about what,” then G. exactly fulfills his request. He, further, shows him a special “favor”, promising to “sharpen and sharpen” the ax, “dress and dress up” the executioner and ring “the big bell”, saving Kalashnikov from a painful death and giving it solemnity. G. is not presented in the poem as statesman, politics, warrior, and in private life. He is the keeper of patriarchal-tribal ties, stands for legal love and in the spirit folk ideas does not think about violence against the will of her favorite slave Kiribeevich or Alena Dmitrievna. However, patriarchal ties begin to disintegrate, and the power of the king comes into conflict with folk morality. Since Kiribeevich deceived G., concealing from him that Alena Dmitrievna was married, the tsar, when punishing Kalashnikov, exercises formal law, blindly following Christian law, and relies on the power of power, and not on the power of customs. Thus, he unwittingly undermines the patriarchal-tribal foundations and punishes the one who defended these laws. Folk custom becomes a form of royal arbitrariness. In this inconsistency, the originality of Lermontov’s interpretation of G. appeared, who justifies the offender-favorite, guilty of rebellion against the foundations. The truth of the king and the truth of the people diverged, and this foreshadows the decline of the patriarchal era.

All characteristics in alphabetical order:

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Compare the image of Ivan the Terrible in the historical song “Pravezh” with the same image in Lermontov’s poem. What do you see as the main differences between these images? Confirm your answer with text.

IN folk songs The image of Ivan the Terrible is idealized; they embodied the people's faith in a stern but fair king. IN folk tradition the king appears before us as fair, formidable and merciful at the same time. In Lermontov's poem, Ivan the Terrible is convinced of his power not only over life and death, but also over the souls of his subjects. The will of the king was considered a manifestation of the will of God on earth; the king stood above all judgment and investigation. But the royal mercy is manifested in the fact that, having executed Kalashnikov, the king favors his family and exempts his brothers from paying taxes to the royal treasury. He executes Kalashnikov both out of ignorance and because he directly refused to reveal the reason for the murder; He will say about this “only to God alone.”

Prepare to read by heart one of the most important episodes of the poem.

The most intense and important for the development of the action of the poem are the battle between Kalashnikov and Kiribeevich and the conversation between Kalashnikov and Ivan the Terrible.

Many artists illustrated the poem. Which illustrations caught your attention? Which artist, in your opinion, most accurately conveyed the atmosphere of the poem?

The captivating plot of Lermontov’s “Song...” and its deep penetration into the spirit of the era have repeatedly attracted many Russians. artists XIX-XX centuries. In 1862-1864, the poem was illustrated by V. G. Schwartz. His drawings are distinguished by the expressiveness of the characters' characteristics and the accuracy of everyday details. In 1865, illustrations for the work were created by A. I. Charlemagne. His interpretation of images is more superficial, but one cannot fail to note high technology the artist's drawing and a successful arrangement with the text of the poem. In 1868, expressive illustrations for “The Song...” were drawn by I. E. Repin, in 1888 - by M. V. Nesterov. At the beginning of the 20th century, the images of the poem were reproduced by B. M. Kustodiev, in the 30s of the same century, an elegant stylization was created by I. Ya. Bilibin. The decorative nature of the artist’s drawing does not contradict the realistic interpretation of the images of Lermontov’s work.

The opera “Merchant Kalashnikov” by A. G. Rubinstein was written based on the plot of “Song...”. Many passages from the poem were also set to music. How could you explain such a choice of passages: “Over the great Moscow ...”, “Dawn over Moscow”, “Oh you goy ...”?

The theme of the passages is the glorification of Moscow - the hearts of Russia and their closeness in structure folk song determine such a choice.

M. Yu. Lermontov. A song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich. Compare the image of Ivan the Terrible in the historical song “Pravezh” with the same image in Lermontov’s poem.

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INDIVIDUAL TASKS:
1 . Prepare a retelling of Chapter 1 “The Oprichniki.” Why are the Oprichniki so rampant in the village that Nikita Romanovich Serebryany is passing by?
2 . Why did Nikita Romanovich, having arrived in Moscow in 1565, not know what happened and what formidable force are guardsmen?
How do you imagine Tsar Ivan the Terrible after reading the chapter Feast (chapter 8)?
How do you imagine the associates of Ivan IV:
A) Boris Gudunov;
b) Little yutu Skuratov and his Son
Maxim (chapter 7 "Alexandrova Sloboda");
V) Tsarevich John;
G) Fyodor Basmanov?
Read chapter 9 "Court" by role:
A) interrogation of the guardsman by the tsar. What scene from Lermontov’s “Songs about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich...” does this echo? (With a conversation between Ivan the Terrible and Kiribeevich and the interrogation of Matvey Khomyak.)
b) What meaning does Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich himself see in the oprichnina? “I didn’t set up the oprichnina in Rus' so that my servants would beat innocent people. They were installed like good dogs, to harrow my sheep from the puffing wolves..."
6. Problematic question:
Do you agree with the words of Prince Serebryany, uttered in a moment of despair: “What a homeland! Where is our homeland? From whom should we defend it? It’s not the Tatars, but the tsar who is destroying the homeland!” (Chapter "The Last Date".)

In the book by A.K. Tolstoy's "Prince Silver" there are two storylines: the personal fate of Prince Nikita Serebryany, his love for Elena Dmitrievna, who became the wife of the disgraced boyar Morozov (question on knowledge of the text: what will be the fate of the heroes - boyar Morozov, Elena Dmitrievna, Prince Serebryany?), and tragic fate Russia, its people, under the rule of a tyrant.
What are the people close to the throne concerned about? (Service, servility to him, servility - the Basmanovs, Prince Vyazemsky, Malyuta.) Ivan Vasilyevich himself? (Power, its preservation.)
Why is Ivan the Terrible so suspicious, so quick to reprisal, to a quick execution? He is afraid of betrayal; not respecting his associates, knowing them well, he understands that they are ready to commit any crime in the name of power and great benefits.
But are there people around Ivan the Terrible who are worthy of respect? (Yes, there are few of them, but the tsar is ashamed of these people, afraid of them, glad to get rid of them. This is the old nanny Onufrievna, who raised and educated Ivashka (as she calls him), he is glad to humiliate her by offering her, 80 years old, as his wife the eager Mikheich; this is the blessed holy fool Vasily, who was almost killed on the day of the terrible execution by Ivan the Terrible (and this is a great sin); this is the boyar Druzhina Andreevich Morozov, whom the tsar humiliates at the feast, forces him to dress up in a jester’s costume with bells, and this is Nikita Serebryany, main character books.)
What does the author himself say about these people? ("Persons like St. Basil the Blessed, Prince Repnin, Morozov or Serebryany often appeared as bright stars in the bleak sky of our Russian night, but, like the stars themselves, they were powerless to disperse its darkness, for they shone separately and were not united or supported by public opinion. Let us forgive the sinful shadow of Ivan Vasilyevich, but let us remember with kindness those who, depending on him, stood in goodness, for it is hard not to fall in a time when all concepts are perverted, when baseness is called virtue, betrayal is included in the law, and honor itself human dignity are considered a criminal dereliction of duty!
...you walked the straight road, fearing neither disgrace nor death; and your life has not been in vain, for nothing in the world is wasted, and every deed, and every word, and every thought grows... And much good and evil, which, as mysterious phenomenon exists to this day in Russian life, conceals its roots in the deep and dark depths of the past...")
You can offer the following work - analysis of episodes of the novel:
Compare the content of the old song about how boyar Nikita Romanovich saves Tsarevich John from the guardsmen with how A.K. talks about this event. Tolstoy in chapter 14 “Slap in the Face”.
How do you see Tsar Ivan the Terrible and the boyar Druzhina Morozov in chapter 34 “The Shutov’s Caftan”?

What is the meaning of the book's title? Why is the novel named after Prince Serebryany?
The epigraph of the book was words taken from the chronicle of Tacitus on Latin. The meaning of these words is: “And here slavish patience and such an amount of blood shed at home tires the soul and compresses it with sadness. And I would not ask the readers in my justification for anything other than permission not to hate people who die so indifferently.
How do these words relate to the content? historical novel A.K. Tolstoy "Prince Silver?"
Seas of blood, arbitrariness, but the book leaves a bright feeling. Why?

Bella TURYANSKAYA