Presentation on the topic of Lezgins. Lezgins

Lezgins have an ancient and rich history. Their land (Lezgistan) was one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Caucasus. Having united in a single tribal union in ancient times, the Lezgins were able to create their own state, develop an original material and spiritual culture. It has much in common with the cultures of the most ancient Transcaucasian (Kutis, Hurrians) and Asia Minor (Hatti) civilizations. The Lezgins have managed to preserve their language and culture to this day, despite the endless conquests of foreigners. Due to historical mistakes, the Lezgi people are now divided into two parts between Russia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, and they do not have their own national-state formation. It is for this reason that the history of the Lezgi people as a whole has not yet been written. Lezgins have an ancient and rich history. Their land (Lezgistan) was one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Caucasus. Having united in a single tribal union in ancient times, the Lezgins were able to create their own state, develop an original material and spiritual culture. It has much in common with the cultures of the most ancient Transcaucasian (Kutis, Hurrians) and Asia Minor (Hatti) civilizations. The Lezgins have managed to preserve their language and culture to this day, despite the endless conquests of foreigners. Due to historical mistakes, the Lezgi people are now divided into two parts between Russia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, and they do not have their own national-state formation. It is for this reason that the history of the Lezgi people as a whole has not yet been written.

Traditional occupations are arable farming (barley, wheat, millet, rye, corn, rice, legumes) and cattle breeding (mainly sheep, but also goats, cattle, etc.). Carpet weaving is one of the most common types of craft among Lezgins. Traditional occupations are arable farming (barley, wheat, millet, rye, corn, rice, legumes) and cattle breeding (mainly sheep, but also goats, cattle, etc.). Carpet weaving is one of the most common types of craft among Lezgins. Lezgi carpets are also known outside of Lezgistan. Carpet weaving of Southern Lezgistan (North-East Azerbaijan) occupies a special place in the history of the national culture of the Lezgi people. Since ancient times, carpets have been used in human dwellings and were a favorite household decoration due to their artistic qualities, fleecy and lint-free carpets, decorated with various patterns and images, were used to decorate walls and paving floors in dugouts, tents, yurts, as well as residential buildings and others. buildings of great aesthetic value.

Traditional settlements in the mountains - cumulus, often terraced, in the flat part - scattered or street planning. The traditional dwelling is stone (also adobe on the plain), ground, rectangular in plan, with a flat earthen roof and a courtyard, in the mountains - two and multi-storey, on the plain - one or two-storey. The lower floor is occupied by a barn or a covered courtyard, the upper one - living quarters overlooking the gallery, which is accessed by an external staircase from the courtyard. Interior decoration is characterized by niches in the walls, carpets. Traditional settlements in the mountains - cumulus, often terraced, in the flat part - scattered or street planning. The traditional dwelling is stone (also adobe on the plain), ground, rectangular in plan, with a flat earthen roof and a courtyard, in the mountains - two and multi-storey, on the plain - one or two-storey. The lower floor is occupied by a barn or a covered courtyard, the upper one - living quarters overlooking the gallery, which is accessed by an external staircase from the courtyard. Interior decoration is characterized by niches in the walls, carpets.

Traditional clothing for men of the general Dagestan type is a shirt, bloomers, beshmet, Circassian coat, hat, in cold weather - a hood and a sheepskin coat; for women - a shirt, harem pants, a dress, a beshmet, a headscarf, a chukhta, a silver belt, a lot of jewelry. On their feet, both men and women wore woolen socks with colored ornaments and rawhide shoes such as pistons. The traditional costume has fallen into disuse. Traditional clothing for men of the general Dagestan type is a shirt, bloomers, beshmet, Circassian coat, hat, in cold weather - a hood and a sheepskin coat; for women - a shirt, harem pants, a dress, a beshmet, a headscarf, a chukhta, a silver belt, a lot of jewelry. On their feet, both men and women wore woolen socks with colored ornaments and rawhide shoes such as pistons. The traditional costume has fallen into disuse.

The basis of traditional food is vegetable (grain, beans) and meat and dairy. The main everyday dish is khinkal, khinkIar (dumplings), festive - pilaf, puff, etc. The basis of traditional food is vegetable (grain, beans) and meat and milk. The main everyday dish is khinkal, khinkIar (dumplings), festive - pilaf, puff, etc. Lezgi lavash (char ava fu)

Rishta pilaf is cooked by Kumyks, Uzbeks, Lezgins and other eastern peoples. Rice and vermicelli - at first glance, incompatible products, harmoniously combine in this dish. Rishta pilaf is cooked by Kumyks, Uzbeks, Lezgins and other eastern peoples. Rice and vermicelli - at first glance, incompatible products, harmoniously combine in this dish. Homemade sausage.

Lezgins are known for their musical and dance culture - Lezginka, the Lezgin folk dance, common throughout the Caucasus. Lezgins are known for their musical and dance culture - Lezginka, the Lezgin folk dance, common throughout the Caucasus.

Hadji-Davud Myushkyurinsky. Hadji-Davud Myushkyurinsky. One of the greatest Lezgins in the history of the Lezgin people. A major historical statesman in the history of the South Caucasus. His name is associated with the history of the national liberation struggle in northern Azerbaijan against foreign domination in the first third of the 18th century. It was he who became its main organizer and leader. United the Lezgin khanates. Officially he was the khan of Shirvan and Cuba in 1723, with the capital of Shamakhi, where his residence was.

He is the founder of Muridism in the Caucasus and the teacher of Imam Shamil. Muhammad Yaraghi died in 1848. He was buried in the village of Sogratl, Gunib region. His grave became a place of pilgrimage. “Everyone who at least once heard Sheikh Muhammad's sermons turns into the tiger of Islam and is invincible in battles with the enemy,” said Imam Shamil. He is the founder of Muridism in the Caucasus and the teacher of Imam Shamil. Muhammad Yaraghi died in 1848. He was buried in the village of Sogratl, Gunib region. His grave became a place of pilgrimage. “Everyone who at least once heard Sheikh Muhammad's sermons turns into the tiger of Islam and is invincible in battles with the enemy,” said Imam Shamil.

During the period of the struggle against the conquerors and oppressors, the Lezgin people put forward many brave generals and people's avengers-abreks. One of the talented abreks was Kiri-Buba, his brave deeds left a deep mark in the memory of many generations. He extremely loved his people and was a patriot with a capital letter. The people, in turn, reciprocated. The love of the people for their hero is narrated in numerous songs dedicated to him. They still sound like a hymn to valor and courage during wedding celebrations in the villages of Southern Dagestan. The Derbent and Baku rich regarded his actions as open banditry, and he himself was elevated to the rank of a robber. And, on the contrary, the working people approached the assessment of its activities from a different standpoint, finding it quite fair, directed against the abuses of those in power and in defense of the interests of the poor. During the period of the struggle against the conquerors and oppressors, the Lezgin people put forward many brave generals and people's avengers-abreks. One of the talented abreks was Kiri-Buba, his brave deeds left a deep mark in the memory of many generations. He extremely loved his people and was a patriot with a capital letter. The people, in turn, reciprocated. The love of the people for their hero is narrated in numerous songs dedicated to him. They still sound like a hymn to valor and courage during wedding celebrations in the villages of Southern Dagestan. The Derbent and Baku rich regarded his actions as open banditry, and he himself was elevated to the rank of a robber. And, on the contrary, the working people approached the assessment of its activities from a different standpoint, finding it quite fair, directed against the abuses of those in power and in defense of the interests of the poor.

Georgy Lezgintsev - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Admiral of the Navy of the former USSR. G. Lezgintsev is the author of more than 70 inventions, five of which were patented abroad - in England, the USA, Canada, Japan and other countries. Georgy Lezgintsev - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Admiral of the Navy of the former USSR. G. Lezgintsev is the author of more than 70 inventions, five of which were patented abroad - in England, the USA, Canada, Japan and other countries. Genrikh Gasanov - rear admiral, chief designer of atomic engines-reactors of sea ships, 1942 - state award, 1958 - Lenin Prize, 1970 - hero of socialist labor, the red banner of labor, etc.

The diversity of national cultures is a condition for the existence of a universal culture. Each national culture is a universal achievement of mankind, and the destruction of any people or its culture is a loss for all mankind as a whole. The diversity of national cultures is a condition for the existence of a universal culture. Each national culture is a universal achievement of mankind, and the destruction of any people or its culture is a loss for all mankind as a whole.

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Http://aida.ucoz.ru 2 Lezgins have an ancient and rich history. Their land (Lezgistan) was one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Caucasus. Having united in a single tribal union in ancient times, the Lezgins were able to create their own state, develop an original material and spiritual culture. It has much in common with the cultures of the most ancient Transcaucasian (Yakutia, Hurrians) and Asia Minor (Hatti) civilizations. The Lezgins have managed to preserve their language and culture to this day, despite the endless conquests of foreigners. Due to historical mistakes, the Lezgi people are now divided into two parts between Russia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, and they do not have their own national-state formation. It is for this reason that the history of the Lezgi people as a whole has not yet been written.

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 3 Traditional occupations - arable farming (barley, wheat, millet, rye, corn, rice, legumes) and cattle breeding (mainly sheep, but also goats, cattle, etc.) One of The most common type of craft among the Lezgins is carpet weaving. Lezgi carpets are also known outside of Lezgistan. Carpet weaving of Southern Lezgistan (North-East Azerbaijan) occupies a special place in the history of the national culture of the Lezgi people. Since ancient times, carpets have been used in human dwellings and were a favorite household decoration due to their artistic qualities, fleecy and lint-free carpets, decorated with various patterns and images, were used to decorate walls and paving floors in dugouts, tents, yurts, as well as residential buildings and others. buildings of great aesthetic value.

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 4 Traditional settlements in the mountains - cumulus, often terraced, in the flat part - scattered or street planning. The traditional dwelling is stone (also adobe on the plain), ground, rectangular in plan, with a flat earthen roof and a courtyard, in the mountains - two and multi-storey, on the plain - one or two-storey. The lower floor is occupied by a barn or a covered courtyard, the upper one - living quarters overlooking the gallery, which is accessed by an external staircase from the courtyard. Interior decoration is characterized by niches in the walls, carpets.

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 5 Traditional clothing for men of the general Dagestan type - shirt, bloomers, beshmet, Circassian coat, hat, in cold weather - a cap and a sheepskin coat; for women - a shirt, harem pants, a dress, a beshmet, a headscarf, a chukhta, a silver belt, a lot of jewelry. On their feet, both men and women wore woolen socks with colored ornaments and rawhide shoes such as pistons. The traditional costume has fallen into disuse.

http://aida.ucoz.ru 6

http://aida.ucoz.ru 7

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 8 The basis of traditional food is vegetable (grain, beans) and meat and milk. The main everyday dish is khinkali, khinkIar (dumplings), festive - pilaf, puff, etc. Lezgi lavash (char ava fu)

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 9 Rishtya pilaf is cooked by Kumyks, Uzbeks, Lezgins and other eastern peoples. Rice and vermicelli - at first glance, incompatible products, harmoniously combine in this dish. Homemade sausage.

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 10 Kambar is a drink made from sour milk, cilantro, dill, green onions and fresh cucumbers. Corn khinkali. Brushwood. Dried meat.

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 11 The Lezgins created a rich folklore: the epic "Sharvili."

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 12 Lezgins are known for their musical and dance culture - Lezginka, the Lezgin folk dance, spread throughout the Caucasus.

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 13 Khadzhi-Davud Myushkyurinsky. One of the greatest Lezgins in the history of the Lezgin people. A major historical statesman in the history of the South Caucasus. His name is associated with the history of the national liberation struggle in northern Azerbaijan against foreign rule in the first third of the 18th century. It was he who became its main organizer and leader. United the Lezgin khanates. Officially he was the khan of Shirvan and Cuba in 1723, with the capital Shemakhi, where his residence was.

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 14 He is the founder of Muridism in the Caucasus and the teacher of Imam Shamil. Muhammad Yaraghi died in 1848. He was buried in the village of Sogratl, Gunib region. His grave became a place of pilgrimage. “Everyone who at least once heard Sheikh Muhammad's sermons turns into the tiger of Islam and is invincible in battles with the enemy,” said Imam Shamil.

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 15 During the period of the struggle against the conquerors and oppressors, the Lezgi people put forward many brave commanders and people's avengers-abreks. One of the talented abreks was Kiri-Buba, his brave deeds left a deep mark in the memory of many generations. He extremely loved his people and was a patriot with a capital letter. The people, in turn, reciprocated. The love of the people for their hero is narrated in numerous songs dedicated to him. They still sound like a hymn to valor and courage during wedding celebrations in the villages of Southern Dagestan. The Derbent and Baku rich regarded his actions as open banditry, and he himself was elevated to the rank of a robber. And, on the contrary, the working people approached the assessment of its activities from a different standpoint, finding it quite fair, directed against the abuses of those in power and in defense of the interests of the poor.

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 16 Georgy Lezgintsev Doctor of Technical Sciences, Admiral of the Navy of the former USSR. G. Lezgintsev is the author of more than 70 inventions, five of which were patented abroad in England, the USA, Canada, Japan and other countries. Genrikh Hasanov rear admiral, chief designer of atomic engines-reactors for sea ships, 1942 state award, 1958 Lenin Prize, 1970 hero of socialist labor, red banner of labor, etc.

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 17 Zabit Rizvanov () is a poet and prose writer. Widely known as the author of the book "History of Lezgins". Among other things, he made a significant contribution to the collection and printing of materials about Lezgin folklore.

Http://aida.ucoz.ru 18 The diversity of national cultures is a condition for the existence of a universal culture. Each national culture is a universal achievement of mankind, and the destruction of any people or its culture is a loss for all mankind as a whole.

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December 24, 2017 http://aida.ucoz.ru

From the history of the people.

Lezgins have an ancient and rich history. Their land (Lezgistan) was one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Caucasus. Having united in a single tribal union in ancient times, the Lezgins were able to create their own state, develop an original material and spiritual culture. It has much in common with the cultures of the most ancient Transcaucasian (Kutis, Hurrians) and Asia Minor (Hatti) civilizations. The Lezgins have managed to preserve their language and culture to this day, despite the endless conquests of foreigners. Due to historical mistakes, the Lezgi people are now divided into two parts between Russia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, and they do not have their own national-state formation. It is for this reason that the history of the Lezgi people as a whole has not yet been written.

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Lezgin occupations.

Traditional occupations are arable farming (barley, wheat, millet, rye, corn, rice, legumes) and cattle breeding (mainly sheep, but also goats, cattle, etc.). Carpet weaving is one of the most common types of craft among Lezgins. Lezgi carpets are also known outside of Lezgistan. Carpet weaving of Southern Lezgistan (North-East Azerbaijan) occupies a special place in the history of the national culture of the Lezgi people. Since ancient times, carpets have been used in human dwellings and were a favorite household decoration due to their artistic qualities, fleecy and lint-free carpets, decorated with various patterns and images, were used to decorate walls and paving floors in dugouts, tents, yurts, as well as residential buildings and others. buildings of great aesthetic value.

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Lezgin dwelling.

Traditional settlements in the mountains - cumulus, often terraced, in the flat part - scattered or street planning. The traditional dwelling is stone (also adobe on the plain), ground, rectangular in plan, with a flat earthen roof and a courtyard, in the mountains - two and multi-storey, on the plain - one or two-storey. The lower floor is occupied by a barn or a covered courtyard, the upper one - living quarters overlooking the gallery, which is accessed by an external staircase from the courtyard. Interior decoration is characterized by niches in the walls, carpets.

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Traditional clothing for men of the general Dagestan type is a shirt, bloomers, beshmet, Circassian coat, hat, in cold weather - a hood and a sheepskin coat; for women - a shirt, harem pants, a dress, a beshmet, a headscarf, a chukhta, a silver belt, a lot of jewelry. On their feet, both men and women wore woolen socks with colored ornaments and rawhide shoes such as pistons. The traditional costume has fallen into disuse.

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…From the distant past…

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National cuisine.

The basis of traditional food is vegetable (grain, beans) and meat and dairy. The main everyday dish is khinkal, khinkIar (dumplings), festive - pilaf, puff, etc. Lezgi lavash (char ava fu)

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Rishta pilaf is cooked by Kumyks, Uzbeks, Lezgins and other eastern peoples. Rice and vermicelli - at first glance, incompatible products, harmoniously combine in this dish. Homemade sausage.

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Kambar is a drink made from sour milk, cilantro, dill, green onions and fresh cucumbers. Corn Khinkal. Brushwood. Dried meat.

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Rich folklore Lezgins.

The Lezgins created a rich folklore: the epic "Sharvili'. The Lezgins' folk-poetic creativity is rich - epic and lyrical songs, fairy tales, traditions and legends, proverbs and sayings, legends, songs, dances.

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Lezgins are known for their musical and dance culture - Lezginka, the Lezgin folk dance, common throughout the Caucasus.

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Outstanding Lezgins.

Hadji-Davud Myushkyurinsky. One of the greatest Lezgins in the history of the Lezgin people. A major historical statesman in the history of the South Caucasus. His name is associated with the history of the national liberation struggle in northern Azerbaijan against foreign domination in the first third of the 18th century. It was he who became its main organizer and leader. United the Lezgin khanates. Officially he was the khan of Shirvan and Cuba in 1723, with the capital of Shamakhi, where his residence was.

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He is the founder of Muridism in the Caucasus and the teacher of Imam Shamil. Muhammad Yaraghi died in 1848. He was buried in the village of Sogratl, Gunib region. His grave became a place of pilgrimage. “Everyone who at least once heard Sheikh Muhammad's sermons turns into the tiger of Islam and is invincible in battles with the enemy,” said Imam Shamil.

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During the period of the struggle against the conquerors and oppressors, the Lezgin people put forward many brave generals and people's avengers-abreks. One of the talented abreks was Kiri-Buba, his brave deeds left a deep mark in the memory of many generations. He extremely loved his people and was a patriot with a capital letter. The people, in turn, reciprocated. The love of the people for their hero is narrated in numerous songs dedicated to him. They still sound like a hymn to valor and courage during wedding celebrations in the villages of Southern Dagestan. The Derbent and Baku rich regarded his actions as open banditry, and he himself was elevated to the rank of a robber. And, on the contrary, the working people approached the assessment of its activities from a different standpoint, finding it quite fair, directed against the abuses of those in power and in defense of the interests of the poor.

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military leaders and politicians.

Georgy Lezgintsev - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Admiral of the Navy of the former USSR. G. Lezgintsev is the author of more than 70 inventions, five of which were patented abroad - in England, the USA, Canada, Japan and other countries. Genrikh Gasanov - rear admiral, chief designer of atomic engines-reactors of sea ships, 1942 - state award, 1958 - Lenin Prize, 1970 - hero of socialist labor, the red banner of labor, etc.

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Figures of science, art and literature.

Zabit Rizvanov (1926-1992) - poet and prose writer. Widely known as the author of the book "History of Lezgins". Among other things, he made a significant contribution to the collection and printing of materials about Lezgin folklore.

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Conclusion.

The diversity of national cultures is a condition for the existence of a universal culture. Each national culture is a universal achievement of mankind, and the destruction of any people or its culture is a loss for all mankind as a whole.

The ancestors of the Lezgins are Albanian tribes who created Caucasian Albania several centuries before our era - the oldest state in the Eastern Caucasus.

Lezgins have successfully defended their independence in the fight against numerous conquerors for centuries. But one of the first highlanders joined Russia. In 1813, all Lezgin societies became part of Russia.

Lezgins are one of the indigenous peoples of Dagestan. Lezgins are a people in the Russian Federation (411.6 thousand people), mainly in the southeast of Dagestan, as well as in neighboring regions of Azerbaijan (250 thousand people). They also live in Kazakhstan (14 thousand people), Turkmenistan (10 thousand people), Turkey, etc. The total number is approximately 650-700 thousand people. In the old literature, the entire mountain population of Dagestan was often called Lezgins. Believers are Muslims.

Occupations Traditional occupations - arable farming (barley, wheat, millet, rye, corn, rice, legumes) and animal husbandry (mainly sheep, but also goats, cattle, etc. Traditional trades and crafts - spinning, weaving, carpet production , cloth, felt, leather, blacksmithing, weapons and jewelry, etc. Seasonal work for seasonal earnings to farmers and the oil fields of Azerbaijan was widespread. By 1917, there was a significant stratum of industrial workers. The basis of the economy of modern Lezgins is agriculture, gardening and animal husbandry. Lezghins are employed in industry.

In the XX century. the national intelligentsia has grown, national fiction and theatrical art are developing. The Lezgin folk-poetic creativity is rich - epic and lyrical songs, fairy tales, traditions and legends, proverbs and sayings.

Lezgin language The Lezgins speak the Lezgi language, which is part of the Lezgin group of the Nakh-Dagestan languages. Distributed in the south of the Republic of Dagestan and in the northern regions of Azerbaijan. There are 3 main dialects: Kyurinsky, Samursky and Cuban. There are also independent dialects: Kurush, Giliyar, Fii and Gelkhen. The sound composition of the Lezgi language: 5 vowels and about 60 consonants. The stress is force, fixed on the second syllable from the beginning of the word. Unlike other North Caucasian languages, it does not have categories of grammatical class and gender. Nouns have categories of case (18 cases) and numbers. The verb does not change in persons and numbers, a complex system of temporary forms and moods.

The mountainous Caucasian peoples are famous for many customs and traditions, and they gained the greatest popularity due to their unsurpassed ability to dance a breathtaking, incendiary dance called Lezginka. No one knows exactly how old this dance is, but it can definitely be said for sure that the lezginka is a prototype of ancient ritual dances in the Caucasus. It is based on the imitation of the movements of an eagle. This image is accurately reproduced by the dancer, especially at the moment when he, rising on his toes and proudly spreading his arms-wings, smoothly describes circles, as if about to take off.

According to historians, the now so popular lezginka for a wedding is nothing more than a dance danced by Caucasian men before the most important military battles.

The Lezgins created a rich folklore: the Sharvili epic, legends, songs, dances. The work of ashug poets of the 19th century is known. Various musical instruments: chungur, saz, tar, zurna, fife, flute, tambourine. Of particular importance for the Lezgins and the peoples of the Lezgin group were festivities and rituals related to the calendar. Dancing was an integral part of these festivities. Many of these holidays have survived to this day.

The traditional women's costume consisted of a shirt, red, black, blue or yellow harem pants, a beshmet, a dress, a headscarf, a chukhta, and a silver belt. Lezginki traditionally wore a lot of jewelry. A distinctive feature of the Lezgin costume was woolen stockings with colored ornaments and rawhide shoes.

Men's costume Traditional men's costume (general Caucasian type) - a single-breasted Circassian caftan with an open chest, a length just below the knees, with wide sleeves. Young men of the age of a warrior wore short-sleeved Circassian coats - so that they would not hamper movements in battle. On both sides of the chest, narrow pockets were sewn on, stitched with braid, for special sealed pencil cases, more often bone ones. In the pencil case there was a measure of gunpowder and a bullet wrapped in a rag, molded to the measurements of the owner's gun. Penalchik allowed to quickly charge the gun at full gallop. The outer pockets, located almost under the armpits, were used to store dry chips for kindling. The Circassian coat strictly differed among men according to class in color: white for princes, red for nobles, gray, brown and black for peasants (blue, green and other colors were usually not used).

Beshmet in cut resembled a Circassian but was with a closed chest and a standing collar, narrow sleeves, its length was just above the knee, it was usually sewn from thinner material, often the beshmet was quilted on a wadded or woolen basis. Pants with a wide step to the bottom narrowed. Burka - a long, felt cloak, black, rarely white. Composite belt. Its buckle was used as an armchair for carving fire. Shoes - chuvyaks were sewn from morocco red light, as a rule, there were among the upper class, the peasants wore rawhide or felt.